IKINYAMAKURU

Ubutabera “Ni iki barega Kalisa?” KIMURIKIRA ABATURARWANDA

Umwaka VII: No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008, B.P 4353 Kigali-Rwanda. Tel: 08354880 E-mail: [email protected]. Frw 500, Ush 1500, Fbu 1000

Manda: U Rwanda rugeze muri Interpol rutereta

Imiyoborere Ruswa mu Rwanda irahari, ariko irahishwa

Ibimbabaza Guca igifaransa: Inyungu ni izihe? Ibihombo?

Raporo Abazize jenoside 97,567 ntibarashyingurwa

Ukuri kuri Kongo, Nkunda, Interahamwe n’u Rwanda This is a Rwanda Independent Media Group (RIMEG) Publication. B.P. 4353 Kigali - Rwanda, Telefone. 55100664, Email: [email protected]. Printed by New Vision

Urup. 

No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008

Ubutabera

I

Manda: U Rwanda rugeze muri Interpol rutereta

Ubu Leta y’u Rwanda ntabwo yicaye.

Jean Louis Bruguière, kugeza ubu weguye ku mirimo y’ubucamanza, yatanze manda zifata abayobozi bakuru ba Leta y’u Rwanda, barimo na Perezida Paul Kagame, mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2006. Bimwe mu birego umucamanza Bruguière arega abo bayobozi harimo guhanura indege y’uwahoze ari umukuru w’igihugu, Juvenal Habyarimana no gukora ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu birimo kwica mu ntambara. Bruguière kandi akaba yarasabye umuryango w’abibumbye gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo Perezida Paul Kagame ashyikirizwe urukiko rw’umuryango w’abibumbye ruhana ibyaha by’intambara. Usibye Perezida Kagame, bamwe mu bayobozi batangiwe impapuro zo kubafata ni ambasaderi w’u Rwanda mu Buhinde, Lt. Gen. Kayumba Nyamwasa, umugaba w’ingabo z’u Rwanda, General James Kabarebe, umugaba w’ingabo zirwanira ku butaka, Lt. Gen. Charles Kayonga, ushinzwe inyingisho za politiki mu ngabo z’u Rwanda akaba n’umuyobozi w’ikigo gishinzwe amasoko ya gisirikare, Brig. Gen. Jacques Nziza n’ushinzwe Protocol muri Perezidansi ya Repubulika, Major Rose Kabuye. Fernando Andreu we yatanze manda zifata abasirikare ba RDF bagera kuri 40, barimo na Perezida Kagame. Izo manda zikaba zarashyizwe ahagaragara ku wa 06 Gashyantare 2008. Uko ari mirongo ine, abo basirikare bararegwa ibyaha bya jenoside, ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu n’iterabwoba. Ibyo byaha uwo mucamanza avuga ko byakozwe hagati ya 1990 na 2000. Abo basirikare kandi bararegwa kuba barishe abihayimana b’Abanyesipanye 9. Bamwe mu batangiwe manda harimo Paul Kagame, General James Kabarebe, Lieutenant General Kayumba Nyamwasa, Major General Karenzi Karake (uri mu butumwa muri Sudan), Major General Fred Ibingira, Lt. Col. Joseph Nzabamwita n’abandi.

kibazo cy’abayobozi bakuru b’ingabo za RDF batangiwe manda n’abacamanza babiri aribo; Fernando Andreo wo muri Espagne na Jean Louis Bruguière wo mu Bufaransa cyatangiye gifatwa nk’imikino, ari nako abayobozi b’u Rwanda bavuga ko nta gaciro baha icyo kibazo, ariko uko iminsi igenda isimburana, icyo kibazo cyagiye gifata indi ntera.

Amakuru Umuseso ukesha abantu bizewe cyane mu bucamanza bw’u Rwanda ariko badusabye ko tutagaragaza amazina yabo kubera impamvu z’umutekano wabo aremeza ko ubu u Rwanda rugeze muri Interpol rusaba ko izo manda zitashyirwa mu bikorwa, cyangwa se byibuze, zikaba zisubitswe. Ayo makuru yemeza ko icyo cyifuzo cyagejejwe ku nama rusange ya Interpol, yabereye mu gihugu cy’u Burusiya, mu cyumweru gishize. Umuyobozi w’ishami ry’ubugenzacyaha bwa polisi, Tony Kuramba, ari nawe uhagarariye Interpol mu Rwanda, akaba yaratumiwe muri iyo nama, ariko amakuru Umuseso ufite, yemeza ko yajyanye muri iyo nama n’umuyobozi mukuru w’agateganyo wa Polisi, ACP Mary Gahonzire, ndetse na Minisitiri w’ubutabera, Tharcisse Karugarama, kugira ngo bafatanye kumvisha inama rusange ya Interpol impamvu bumva ko izo manda zitakubahirizwa, cyangwa se zasubikwa. Gusa, izo ntumwa za Leta zagarutse mu Rwanda ku wa 14 Ukwakira 2008, ntabwo zishaka gushyira ahagaragara ibyemezo byafatiwe muri iyo nama rusange kuri icyo kibazo. Umwe muri izo nyumwa twavuganye kuri telefoni kuri icyo kibazo yatubwiye ko ibiganiro n’imyanzuro by’inama za Interpol biba ari ibanga rikomeye kubera ko ari ibiganiro biba bireba umutekano w’isi, adusaba atakamba ko tutanavuga ko twavuganye nawe. Ariko, mu bushakashatsi bwacu, tuzabagezaho iyo myanzuro nituyimenya. U Rwanda rutanze icyo cyifuzo muri Interpol nyuma yaho Perezida Kagame agitangiye mu nama rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye, ndetse akanakigeza mu buryo bw’umwihariko ku Munyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango w’abibumbye, Ban Ki Moon, ndetse na Perezida w’u Bufaransa, Nicholas Sarkozy, ariko amakuru dukesha bamwe mu byegera bya Perezida avuga ko yaba Ban Ki Moon, yaba na Nicholas Sarkozy, bamusubije ko ntacyo bakora ku kibazo cy’ubutabera. Umwe muri abo Umuseso wavuganye nabo, yagize ati: “Sarkozy yamubwiye ko aramutse yivanze mu bibazo by’ubutabera, bwacya abafaransa bamusaba kwegura.” Akomeza avuga ko Sarkozy ariwe wagiriye Perezida Kagame inama yo kwiyambaza abashinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa izo manda aribo International Police (Interpol). Twabibutsa kandi ko atari ubwa mbere Leta y’u Rwanda isabye Interpol kudaha agaciro izo manda. Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga, nyuma y’isohoka ry’izo manda, yasohoye itangazo risaba amahanga na Interpol kudaha ziriya manda agaciro. Iryo tangazo rikaba ryaravugaga ko biriya birego bigamije gusa guharabika isura nziza y’u Rwanda no gusibanganya ibikorwa byiza Leta y’u Rwanda imaze gukora. Intangiriro

Inzira ya dipulomasi Abategetsi b’u Rwanda bakoresheje inzira nyinshi kugira ngo bateshe agaciro izo manda. Muri izo nzira, harimo ni iya dipulomasi. U Rwanda rukaba rwarasabye imiryango mpuzamahanga itandukanye irimo Umuryango w’Afurika yunze ubumwe (African Union), umuryango w’abibumye, umuryango wa East African Community, n’iyindi itandukanye. Iyo miryango yose ni nako yasohoye amatangazo yamagana izo manda, isaba isi yose kudaha agaciro izo manda. Hari abiteguye kuzishyira mu bikorwa Mu gihe ariko abategetsi batandukanye b’abanyarwanda barimo Perezida Kagame, intumwa za rubanda, abasenateri, abayobozi b’amashyaka akorera mu Rwanda bakomeje kwamagana izo manda, ndetse banaterwa inkunga n’imiryango itandukanye twavuze haruguru, umushinjacyaha w’u Bubiligi we yatangaje mu minsi ishize ko yiteguye

Yagiye gutereta: Mary Gahonzire kubahiriza izo manda, afata abaregwa na Fernando. Uwo mushinjacyaha, Philippe Meire, yatangarije itangazamakuru mpuzamahanga ko yiteguye kubahiriza izo manda ku butaka bw’u Bubiligi. Yagize ati: “Ndashaka ko ibi byumvikana neza, izi manda zizubahirizwa usibye gusa ku bantu tudafiteho ububasha (jurisdictional immunity)”. Uwo mushinjacyaha yasobanuraga ihagarikwa ry’uruzinduko rwa Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga, Rosemary Museminari, muri Gicurasi 2008. U Rwanda rukaba rwarahagaritse urwo ruzinduko nyuma yaho u Bubiligi busanze Lt. Col. Joseph Nzabamwita ari ku rutonde rw’intumwa zagombaga kuba ziyobowe na Rosemary Museminari, kandi yaratangiwe manda yo kumufata na Fernando Andreu. Philippe Meire yakomeje agira ati: “u Rwanda rwaratunguwe tumaze kubaburira ko tuzubahiriza manda za Fernando (guta muri yombi) ku muntu wese uzaba ari muri delegation y’u Rwanda kandi yaratangiwe manda”. Iyo akaba ariyo mpamvu u Rwanda rwahise ruhagarika urwo ruzinduko. Inzira y’ubutabera iragenda inanirana Mu gihe kandi Perezida Kagame na Minisitii w’ubutabera, Tharcisse Karugarana bakomeje kuvuga ko manda zatanzwe n’umucamanza w’umufaransa, Jean Louis Bruguière, zitagomba guhabwa agaciro na gato, bamwe mu barezwe n’uwo mucamanza batangaje mu minsi ishize ko biteguya kuburana. Abo barimo Brig. Gen. (RTD) Sam Kaka, Lt Col (RTD) Rose Kabuye na Jacob Tumusime. Amakuru Umuseso ukesha itangazamakuru ryo mu Bufaransa aremeza ko Bernard Mangain na Lef Forster, abavoka ba Rose Kabuye, Sam Kaka na Jacob Tumusime mu

Ikirego: Lt Gen Charles Kayonga rubanza abo banyarwanda bareze mu Bufaransa basaba ko bavanirwaho izo manda, basabye ubutabera bw’u Bufaransa kubaha dosiye Bruguière yashingiyeho asohora izo manda, bakitegura urubanza, ariko gusaba kwabo kukaba kwaraguye ku gipfamatwi. Usibye no kubona iyo dosiye kandi, abo bavoka baremeza ko badahwema gusaba ubutabera bwo mu Bufaransa ko abakiliya babo (Kabuye, Kaka na Tumusiime) bagezwa imbere y’ubutabera, bakaburana ikirego bareze basaba ko izo manda zavanwaho. Twakwibutsa ko usibye Rose Kabuye, Sam Kaka na Jacob Tumusime bareze mu Bufaransa, Brig. Gen. Jack Nziza na Lt. Gen. Charles Kayonga nabo batanze ikirego mu Bubiligi basaba ko izo manda zahagarikwa, ariko urubanza rukaba rutaraburanishwa. Usibye abo basirikare kandi, twakwibutsa ko na Perezida Paul Kagame yagejeje ikirego ku rukiko mpuzamahanga (International Court of Justice), asaba nawe ko izo manda zitahabwa agaciro, ariko nawe ikirego cye kikaba kitaraburanishwa. Amakuru yizewe agera ku kinyamakuru Umuseso aremeza ko urwo rukiko ntacyo rushobora gukora kuri icyo kirego keretse igihugu cy’u Bufaransa cyemereye urwo rukiko gusuzuma icyo kibazo. U Rwanda rukaba rwarashyikirije icyo kirego urukiko mpuzamahanga rw’i Lahe mu Buholandi ku wa 18 Mata 2007. Mu kirego cyashyikirijwe urukiko mpuzamahanga, u Rwanda ruravuga ko u Bufaransa bwanyuze ukubiri n’inshingano ya buri gihugu yo kutivanga mu bibazo bireba ikindi gihugu kigenga. Charles B. Kabonero na Didas M. Gasana

No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008

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u kwandikaga iyi nkuru, umwe mu barwanashyaka b’ishyaka rya CNDP urikorera yicaye i Kigali mu Rwanda, yari avuye ku biro by’Umuseso azanye ubutumire bwa Jenerali Nkunda bugamije kwereka abanyamakuru ibikoresho inyeshyamba za Nkunda ziherutse gutangaza ko hatangiye intambara yeruye yo guhashya ubutegetsi bubi bwa Kabila zafatiye mu mirwano bigaruriyemo ikigo cya gisirikare cya Leta ya Kongo kiri ahitwa Rumangabo, mu birometero 45 kuva mu mujyi wa Goma. Ikindi kwari ukwerekana abarwanyi ba Kabila bishyize mu maboko ya Nkunda basaba kuba ariho babarizwa. Ibyo ni ibyerekana uburyo intambara ihagaze aho muri Kongo, intambara bamwe bemeza ko yahinduye isura nyuma yaho u Rwanda rugaragarije ko rutazakomeza kurebera interahamwe zitegurira muri Kongo gutea u Rwanda. Mu magambo yeruye, iriya ntambara nshya iriho ubu ibonwa nk’intambara y’u Rwanda kurusha uko ari iya Nkunda. Ariko se ni iki mu by’ukuri cyihishe inyuma y’bibera muri Kongo. Ni byinshi; harimo politiki, ubukungu, amateka n’ibindi nkuko ihuriweho na benshi; Kongo, u Rwanda, Nkunda, Interahamwe na MONUC (Loni).

Ukuri kuri Kongo, Nkunda, Interahamwe n’u Rwanda ►Interahamwe nk’ikibazo cya politiki, igisubizo cy’ubukungu n’urwitwazo kuri bamwe ►Nkunda nk’ikimenyetso cyuko muri Afurika amatora adakemura ibibazo bya politiki merwa nk’abanyekongo. Kujya mu matora, usize icyo kibazo ni ukwirengagiza ikibazo kizagukurikirana kandi niko byagenze. Amaherezo ni uko Kabila agomba kwemera akicarana nabo (abanyekongo bavuga ikinyarwanda) bakemerwa nk’abanyekongo bitari ukubeshya, bagahabwa imyanya mu gihugu (imirimo n’ibindi), bakava mu ntambara zo kwirwanaho Kabila amaze kugaragaza ko atakwivanamo kuko nta gisirikare afite. Ubukungu

Politiki

Ntabwo tuzatera: Amb Sezibera

Mu rwego rwa politiki, biragaragara ko muri Afurika amatora adakemura ibibazo by’abaturage mu gihugu icyo ari cyo cyose, mu gihe bihari-ahanini kuko aba atari amatora aherekejwe n’ukuri. Kabila yatorewe kuba Perezida wa Kongo biciye mu matora. Umuryango w’Abibumbye n’abayobozi benshi ku isi bahise bihutira kuvuga ko amatora ari intambwe ikomeye ya demokarasi Kongo iciyemo; azabafasha gukemura ibibazo by’inzitane Kongo imazemo imyaka. Niko byagenze? Oya, kuko n’ubu ibyo bibazo birimo kurushaho gukomera harimo n’iyo mirwano iyobowe na Nkunda ndetse no guterana amagambo n’u Rwanda ku nterahamwe. Ongeraho ko ingabo za MONUC zariyo mbere y’amatora n’ubu zikiriyo-kubera ibibazo. Nyuma y’amatora, Kabila nibwo

afite opposition nyinshi, nubwo yatangiye yikiza bamwe nka Yohani Petero Bemba, Thomas Rubanga (wafashwe agafungwa) n’abandi harimo n’abishwe ku butegetsi bwa Kabila. Hakemutse iki? Ntacyo. Urugero ni ukuba Nkunda arwana. Mu rwego rwa politiki na none, Kabila yakomeje umugambi wo guheza abanyarwanda (cyangwa se abanyekongo bavuga ikinyarwanda) nk’abanyamahanga (abanyarwanda), mu rwego rwo kugira ngo birwaneho kuko bagaragarijwe urwango rukomeye, n’izo ntambara z’abantu nka Nkunda. Hano byumvikane ko Kabila yirengagije ko ari benshi kandi bafite imitungo hariya za Goma n’ahandi mu burasirazuba bw’icyo gihugu, bashobora gufasha abantu nka Nkunda bakabarinda-bivuga ko niyo batarwanira gufata igihugu, bagitesha

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AERG yashyize ahagaragara umubare w'abazize itsembabwoko ryo mu 1994

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Urup. 

Isesengura

Akarere ka Kicukiro katambamiye ibikorwa bya Pastor Mudahinyuka

Cyakora hejuru y’ibyo bibazo bya politiki, ubu ubukungu nibwo bwihishe inyuma y’iriya ntambara cyane; Kongo ni igihugu gikize, gifite imitungo kamere itabarika. Kugeza ubu amakuru Ararwana intambara yande? aturuka aho muri Kongo, yerNkunda umutwe baharanira ko bakwe- akana neza ko ubu interahamwe, ingabo za MONUC, Nkunda na bagenzi be ndetse n’ibihugu bikomeye n’ibyo mu karere, Interahamwe zi- birimo gukorera za miliyari kuva hita ziba ikiba- mu mabuye ya Kongo kurusha bwa Kabila. Muri zo, zikaba igis- ubutegetsi ibyo bikorwa kandi byo gucuubizo zikaba ruza amabuye ya Kongo, benshi n’urwitwazo muri abo ni magirirane! Interahamwe zimaze gukizwa byose hamwe; n’amabuye, ntabwo zikiri inyekuko u Rwanda shyamba, ni abacuruzi. Muri uko no gucuruza bakorana rwinjiye muri gucukura neza na MONUC, Nkunda na Kongo kurwan- Kabila. U Rwanda narwo ubu ya interahamwe rurabyungukiramo kuko imari nyinshi z’ubwo bucuruzi zinyura ntirwavirayo mu mabanki i Cyangungu biaho rutonger- fite icyo bvuze ku bukungu Rwanda. Ubwo bucuruzi eye agaciro bw’u ni impamvu ikomeye ituma ari ubukungu Kabila, Nkunda na Kabila batakbwarwo wihutisha gukemura ikibazo cy’interahamwe! Uko niko kuri.

Minisitiri Karega arasaba RURA kumanura ibiciro bya transport

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Amagufa y'abacitse kw'icumu hafi ibihumbi 100 ntarashyingurwa

Na Nkunda uvuga ko azirwanya aruma ahuha, ubucuruzi bugakomeza-bimeze nka bimwe bya Israel n’imitwe nka Hezibollah, irwanya ikongera ikayirema kubera inyungu ziyifitiye! Interahamwe zihita ziba ikibazo, zikaba igisubizo zikaba n’urwitwazo byose hamwe; kuko u Rwanda rwinjiye muri Kongo kurwanya interahamwe ntirwavirayo aho rutongereye agaciro ubukungu bwarwo, Nkunda nawe yigumiye hariya amabuye amugeraho nta kibazo, MONUC nazo ntizarota zihava, ari nako na ba shebuja barangiza ibyo bahugiyemo bindi (amatora, intambara z’iterabwoba, ibihombo by’amabanki n’ibindi) nabo bakazaza gucukura. None se aho kugira ngo interahamwe zikomeze zikizwe n’amabuye, kuki u Rwanda rutajya kuyabatesha (simvuze kuyasahura)! Kabila rero hano yakomeza kuba ariwe wikururira ibyo byose mu gihugu cye, mu kwirengagiza bya bibazo bya politiki birimo; guheza abenegihugu bamwe abita abanyarwanda, no guha ibihugu, loni, inyeshyamba n’abandi impamvu yo gukomeza kujujubya igihugu cya Kongo. Kuko hejuru y’ibyo bikorwa by’interahamwe, MONUC, Nkunda n’u Rwanda rwifuza kujya gutesha interahamwe amabuye atuma zigira imbaraga, Kabila iyo bamubwiye gukemura ikibazo cy’interahamwe na Nkunda, we ahita yigira kuzana Abafaransa n’Ababiligi nabo bakaza birebera amabuye ya Kongo. Charles B Kabonero

U Rwanda rurasaba Interpol guca inkoni izamba, ntifate abayobozi barwo batangiwe manda.

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Leta y'u Rwanda yavanye Igifaransa mundimi zikoreshwa mu kazi mu Rwanda

No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008

Urup. 

Igitekerezo

Uko mbyumva na Didas M. Gasana

IKINYAMAKURU KIMURIKIRA ABATURARWANDA

Dore Uko Tubibona Ibisigazwa bishyingurwe vuba na bwangu Ubushakashatsi buherutse gushyirwa ahagaragara n’umuryango w’abanyeshuri bacitse ku icumu (AERG) bugaragaza ko abacitse ku icumu ry’itsembabwoko ryo mu 1994 bagera ku 97.567 (ibihumbi mirongo icyenda na birindwi, magana atanu na mirongo itandatu na barindwi bitarashyingurwa mu cyubahiro. Aya makuru akaba ateye agahinda, ku buryo hari abacitse ku icumu basanga ari ukubashinyagurira. Bishobora kumvikana ko gutahura ahari ibisigazwa by’abazize itsembabwoko hose, bitoroshye na busa, ariko ikibazo si uko aho ibyo bisigazwa biri, hatazwi. Ubwo bushakashatsi buratangaza ko ibyo bisigazwa byavumbuwe, ariko ubu bikaba bitarashyingurwa. Ntibyumvikana ukuntu nyuma y’imyaka 14 jenoside ibaye, haba hakiri ibisigazwa bitarashyingurwa mu cyubahiro, kandi byaravumbuwe. Nta kindi kintu na kimwe cyahumuriza abanyarwanda, cyane cyane abacitse ku icumu, nko kubona abacu baherekezwa bwa nyuma, kandi mu cyubahiro. Niba ikibazo ari inzibutso za jenoside zihenze kubaka, ibyo bisigazwa bishobora no gushyingurwa mu marimbi atandukanye mu Rwanda, nkuko byagenze ku bisigazwa 851,756 (ibihumbi magana inani na mirongo itanu na kimwe na magana arindwi na mirongo itanu na batanu) Turasaba dukomeje Leta y’u Rwanda, n’abanyarwanda bose muri rusange, gukora ibishoboka byose ibi bisigazwa bigashyingurwa mu cyubahiro. Byaba na ngombwa, akaba ari ko kazi kazakorwa mu muganda utaha. Ubwanditsi

Essence yaragabanutse, ariko abaturage baracyanyunyuzwa imitsi

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uva ku wa 06 Ukwakira 2008, Leta y’u Rwanda yagabanyije igiciro cya essence ho 4.761%, nkuko byatangajwe na Sekereteri wa Leta ushinzwe ishoramari, ku wa 03 Ukwakira 2008. Vincent Karega yakomeje atangaza ko ibyo byatewe n’igabanuka rya essence ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibiciro bya essence na mazutu kuri za sitasiyo byavuye ku mafaranga 924 bigera kuri 880 (essence) naho mazutu igera ku mafaranga 870. Birumvikana ko igabanuka ry’ibiciro by’ibikomoka kuri peteroli ku isoko mpuzamahanga no mu Rwanda bigomba gutuma habaho igabanuka ry’ibiciro by’ubwikorezi, ibiciro by’ibiribwa, ariko cyane cyane, gutakaza agaciro kw’ifaranga ry’u Rwanda. Ariko muri ibyo byose, nta na kimwe cyabaye. Ibiri amambu, ibyo biciro birakomeza kwiyongera. Duhereye ku kiguzi cy’ubwikorezi (transport costs), nta cyagabanutse na gito, ahubwo, hari aho byiyongereye. Haba ku biciro byo mumujyi wa Kigali rwagati, haba n’ibiciro byo kujya mu ntara, nta cyagabanutse. Aho ibiciro byiyongereye nyuma yo kugabanuka kw’ibiciro bya essence ni nk’ingendo za Kigali- Butare. Mbere yo ku wa 04 Ukwakira, igiciro cyari hagati y’amafaranga 1300-1600, ariko ubu cyaruriye kigera ku mafaranga 2000. No ku biribwa ni uko. Nta gabanuka rigaragara ryabaye. Ibiciro bya essence bitaramanuka, ari nayo mpamvu ikomeye abacuruza ibiribwa bashyiraga imbere. Byarumvikanaga impamvu ikilo cy’inyama cyagura amafaranga 1500, ikilo cy’ibirayi cyikagura amafaranga 140 naho ikilo cy’umuceri kikagura amafaranga 700. Ariko ubu nta mpamvu n’imwe rubanda rugufi rukomeza kunyunyuzwa imitsi. Ibiri amambu, igiciro cy’inyama cyariyongereye, naho umuceri n’ibirayi bigabanukaho amafaranga ari hagati y’atanu na 15 ku kilo. Indi nyungu yakagombye kugaragara nyuma yo kumanuka kw’ibiciro bya essence, ni ukugarura agaciro k’ifaranga ry’u

Rwanda, ariko nabyo ntabyabaye. Ubwo Karega yatangazaga igabanuka ry’ibiciro bya essence, idolari rimwe ryavunjwaga amafaranga 540, ariko ubu rigeze kuri 550. Twakwibutsa ko guta agaciro kw’ifaranga ry’u Rwanda kageze kuri 13.1%, mu gihe gahunda ya Leta ari uko guta agaciro kw’ifaranga katagera ku mibare ibiri (katarenga 9%). Nkuko byasobanuwe na Guverineri wa Banki nkuru y’igihugu, Francois Kanimba, ubwo yasohoraga itangazo rigaragaza ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda y’ubukungu n’ifaranga ry’u Rwanda, ku wa 11 Kanama 2008, impamvu y’ingenzi yatumye ifaranga rita agaciro ari izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibikomoka kuri peteroli. Kuba ibiciro by’ibikomoka kuri peteroli byaramanutse ariko rubanda rugufi bagakomeza kunyunyuzwa imitsi biraduha amasomo abiri akomeye, kandi agaragarira ukeneye kuyabona. Irya mbere ni uko inzego za Leta zituzuzanya mu mikorere yazo, nkabifatanya nuko hari inzego za Leta zisa n’izibereyeho gushakira abantu kazi, banyunyuza imisoro dutanga gusa. Ubwo yatangazaga igabanuka ry’ibiciro bya essence, Vincent Karega yasabye ibigo bishinzwe kurengera abaguzi nka RURA (Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Agency) kurengera rubanda rugufi, ibarinda ababanyunyuza imitsi, igategeka igabanuka ry’ibiciro by’ingendo, ariko RURA yatereye agati mu ryinyo. Ari Minisiteri Karega abereye umunyamabanga wa Leta, ari RURA, byose ni Leta. Mu gihe Karega akora ibyo asabwa, agasaba izindi nzego gushyira mu bikorwa ibikwiye, izo nzego zikiraza i nyanza, imbaraga z’urwego Karega akuriye ziba ziburijwemo no guterera iyo kw’izindi nzego nka RURA. Ingaruka ni uko n’ibyo Karega yakoze cyangwa yatangaje, byabaye impfabusa, bityo Leta muri rusange ikaba ikoze ubusa. Inzego zituzuzanya ni nabyo bituma gahunda zimwe na zimwe nziza z’urwego rumwe rwa Leta ziba impabusa. Urugero: Leta yakuyeho imisoro ku biribwa byose bihingirwa mu Rwanda kandi bicururizwa mu Rwanda, ariko ntibyabujije ibiciro by’ibyo

biribwa kuzamuka bikabije. Ugasanga peteroli ivaniweho imisoro 77%, naho mazutu ikavanirwaho imisoro igera ku 100%, kugira ngo abaguzi barengerwe ariko urwego rushinzwe kubishyira mu bikorwa rugakora kurya imisoro yabo gusa. Isomo rya kabiri ni uko abanyarwanda bagomba guhaguruka bagaharanira uburenganzira bwabo mu gihe cyose inzego zishinzwe kubarengera zidakora akazi kazo. Guharanira uburenganzira bw’umuntu bisaba ko wowe uba ubuzi. Umuryango nyarwanda ukwiye kuva mu bujiji bwo kumva ko ibibazo byabo bizakemurwa n’abategetsi, bo badashyizeho akabo cyangwa se kwiyumvisha ko icyo umunyabubasha runaka ategetse, kigomba gukorwa byanze bikunze. Ubundi ku isi hose, izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibikenerwa by’ibanze mu buzima, ni ikibazo gihangayikisha Leta, atari ukubera ko Leta iba igamije kurengera abaturage bayo 100%, ahubwo ari ukubera ko Leta iba itinya uburakari bw’abaturage. Ibiribwa bikaba aricyo gikenerwa cy’ibanze cya mbere. Mu bihugu byinshi ku isi, iyo ibiciro by’ibiribwa bizamutse, abaturage bajya mu mihanda bakigaragambya, cyangwa se ku biro by’inteko ishinga amategeko, n’izindi ngoro zigaragaza imbaraga zabo mu gihugu (centers of power). Icyo gitutu abaturage botsa Leta nicyo gituma Leta ikora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo imanure ibyo biciro. Ariko abo baturage baba barabanje kumenya ko Leta ifite inshingano yo kubarinda ibyo bigaragambiriza. Mu Rwanda ho, Leta yaba ikoze icyo itagombaga gukora cyangwa se ntikore icyo yagombaga gukora, abaturage baririra mu byumba byabo gusa. Igihe kirageze ko abanyarwanda bumva ko ubuzima bw’igihugu bubareba bose, ko u Rwanda ari ishyirahamwe twese dufitemo imigabane ingana, bityo tukagira uruhare mu guhindura ibintu bitagenda neza, tukanagira uruhare mu gutuma ibigenda neza birushaho kugenda neza. Cyo nimucyenyere muze tujye kubaza Col Mudenge icyo atumariye. Cellphone: 08691253/ 05109103 E-mail: [email protected]

K

u bwanditsi bw’Umuseso,

Nasomye inyandiko zanyu zerekeranye na ruswa mu Rwanda zasohotse mu nomero Umuseso 312 na 313, nanjye mfata ikaramu ngo ntange umuganda wanjye. Ubu biravugwa ko mu byo u Rwanda gihugu gifite ibipimo bito muri ruswa mu bihugu bigize umuryango w’Afurika y’iburasirazuba. Nkimara kumva iyi nkuru, narumiwe kuko utanakoze iperereza, ubona ko mu Rwanda ruswa iri ku rwego rwo hejuru cyane. Gusa itandukanyirizo riri hagati y’u Rwanda n’ibindi bihugu, urisanga ku bwiru n’ibanga biranga ruswa yo mu Rwanda. Nubwo ingero nyinshi mwazikomojeho mu minsi yashize, jye ndagira ngo ngaragaze ibintu bibiri byerekana ko ruswa mu Rwanda iri hejuru. Ikintu cya mbere kigaragaza ko mu Rwanda hari ruswa yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ni uko ubuyobozi ari bwo soko yo gutera imbere. Iyi ngingo nubwo abantu benshi batayitaho, ni ipfundo rikomeye rya ruswa. Iyo umuntu ageze mu mwanya w’ubuyobozi, akira mu gihe gito cyane ukibaza niba ari inguzanyo ya banki cyangwa niba ari uko Leta ihemba neza. Sinshaka gutanga ingero kuko ahantu hose ibi byigaragaza ni henshi. Leta igira itya igafata umusore akagirwa umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’umurenge mu kwezi kwa mbere. Mu mpera z’uwo mwaka akaba yaguze ivatiri ya miliyoni eshanu, yubatse inzu ya miliyoni icumi, niba yaragabiwe akiri ingaragu akaba ararushinze, agakoresha ubukwe bwa miliyoni eshanu. None se ko uwo munyamabanga nshingwabikorwa aba adahembwa byibuze ibihumbi magana inani nka depite, ayo mafaranga yose aba yavuye he ? Warangiza uti mu Rwanda ruswa ni nkeya ! Ubwiganze bw’abayobozi n’imiryango yabo mu bucuruzi, ubu bwabaye ikibazo ku bacuruzi b’ibyiciro bitandukanye. Na none maze iminsi nsomye muri iki kinyamakuru inkuru irebana n’amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi ashamikiye kuri FPR. Ngaho mbwira ukuntu umucuruzi ufite sosiyete ikora ibintu bimwe n’iby’iya FPR, ikora azahangana nayo ? None wambwira ute ute ko hatazazamo ruswa ishingiye ku gutonesha, iterabwoba no kwikanyiza ? Erega burya nabyo ni ruswa ishingiye ku buyobozi ! Si FPR gusa kuko kimwe mu biranga abayobozi bo mu Rwanda muri iki gihe, ni ukuba banacuruza. Na Perezida Kagame yigeze kubivuga ubwo abadepite barwaniraga isoko ryo gusana ingoro y’inteko ishinga amategeko. Icyo gihe yihanangirije abayobozi ababuza kwigarurira amasoko atangwa n’inzego za Leta bakuriye, ariko mu by’ukuri yari kubahwitura

No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008

Isesengura

Urup. 

Ruswa mu Rwanda irahari, ariko irahishwa bakava mu bucuruzi, cyangwa bahitamo gucuruza, bakava mu buyobozi bwa Leta. Kujya mu buyobozi rero igihe cyose ari cyo kiraro cyonyine cyo gutera imbere, ruswa ntabwo izacika, niba ari ryo somo tuzigisha abaturanyi tugiye guhurira muri East African Community, ntacyo tujyanyeyo muri urwo rwego. Gusa, ni uko uwo muco ugomba kuba naho uriyo ; itandukaniro akaba ari uko ho abayobozi baho bacuruzi, bemera ubwisanzure n’ipiganwa. Ubwo wenda ahari, abayobozi bacu bacuruza, bashobora kuzigirayo isomo ryo kwemera gupiganwa mu bwisanzure n’abandi bacuruzi. Bizaba ari byiza ! Ikibazo ni uko abayobozi bo mu Rwanda bakanduza abo muri Tanzania, Kenya na Uganda ingeso yo kwikanyiza no kwikubira. U Burundi bwo ni kimwe natwe, kuko urebye umuco wa ruswa ishingiye ku buyobozi twawurazwe n’ababiligi. Ikintu cya kabiri kigaragaza ko mu Rwanda hari ruswa, ariko ikaba igirwa ubwiru n’ibanga, ni uburyo haboneka imyanya myinshi kandi idahemberwa ariko ugasanga abantu barayimaraniramo. Ingero ni nyinshi ariko izikomeye, ni abunzi, inyangamugayo muri gacaca, kuba umuhuzabikorwa w’akagari cyangwa uw’umudugudu. Iyi myanya ndetse n’iyo muri za njyanama, nta mishahara igenerwa. Ariko iyo igihe cyo kuyitorera cyageze, ibintu biracika cyane cyane mu byaro. Iyo hari uwakuweho icyizere, arira ayo kwarika, ukareba ikintu kimubabaje ukakibura. Ese aba ari urukundo yari afitiye igihugu cyangwa abaturage. Sinabihamya ! Abenshi muri aba bayobozi, iyo witegereje imizamukire y’ubukungu bwabo, kimwe na ba bandi bo mu nzego zo hejuru, usanga bariyubakiye nk’amazu mashya, barihaye ibibanza imihanda yose, mbese baragwiriye ifaranga. None se ko badahembwa, iyo myanya iba yaratumye imbaraga bari barabuze mbere zivumbuka mu ijuru ? Oya tubyemere ko ari ruswa ! Nibanze ku buyobozi, ariko hari n’izindi ngero zigaragaza ko mu Rwanda, hakiboneka imigirire irimo ubwisanzure buke, kandi burya niyo ntandaro ya ruswa. Kugeza ubu, urwego FPR ishimirwa ko yazanyemo amaraso mashya, ni uburezi. Ibi rwose ntawe ubihakana, ugereranyije na za Leta zayibanjirije. Ariko rero, iyo umuntu arangije kwiga, Leta ntabwo iterera iyo. None

Ahakana ko nta ruswa ihari: Toto rutaremara se bimaze iki gutangaza abana babaye aba mbere mu Rwanda mu barangije amashuri abanza, ugatangaza ababaye aba mbere mu cyiciro rusange cy’amashuri yisumbuye, ukanatangaza abarushije abandi mu barangije amashuri yisumbuye, byagera ku bazahabwa buruse zo hanze no ku babaye aba mbere muri za kaminuza ukaruca ukarumira ? Mu mashuri abanza abana baba barenga ibihumbi mirongo, mu cyiciro rusange baba bagabanutse, mu barangiza amashuri yisumbuye na none umubare ukagabanuka, ababona kaminuza zo hanze n’abarangiza za kaminuza za Leta baba bararirwa ku ntoki ; ni iki gituma bo badatangazwa ko nta kigoye kirimo ? Kubabarura biragoye kurusha muri Primaire na secondaire ? Bisaba amafaranga n’abakozi benshi kurusha hariya hambere ? Ikigaragara ni uko hatangiye kuzamo inyungu, ibintu bihinduka. Haba ari uku-

reka umwana ngo ajye kwiga i Burayi cyangwa muri Amerika, haba ari ukurangiza umwana agahabwa umurimo ushimishije, nkuko aba yabonye amanota ashimishije, ariko kubera ko hajemo inyungu ntibikorwa. None se byo ntabwo ari ruswa ? Impamvu u Rwanda rutagaragara nk’igihugu cyamunzwe na ruswa, ni ubwisanzure bwo kuvuga bugerwa ku mashyi. Mu bindi bihugu za sosiyete sivile n’amashyaka atari muri guverinoma, nibo baba aba mbere mu kugaragaza ibibazo bibangamiye abaturage. Mu bihugu duturanye nka Uganda na Tanzania, ntabwo wapfukirana abantu nkuko mu Rwanda bimeze. Nabonye ikinyamakuru cyanyu kibyita gutekinika. Ahandi baratekinika abantu bakabyamagana, abayobozi bagahanyanyaza, ariko bikanga. None se buriya inyandiko mwanditse ku igurishwa rya IMPRISCO, ukeka ko ari muri ibyo bihugu navuze

haruguru, ntiba yaratumye hari umuminisitiri umwe cyangwa babiri cyangwa se undi muyobozi wegujwe ? None ngo tuzigisha ibindi bihugu kurwanya ruswa  dute? Oya, ahubwo nibyo bizatwigisha kuyirwanya. Kuba ruswa itavugwa, ntibivuze ko hari nkeya ; ndetse n’iyo nkeya usanga ntivugwa, kereka iyo hari umwe mu bayivuzweho ukurwaho amaboko. Ni ngombwa rero ko abayobozi bacu bayishyira ku karubanda, noneho n’abayirwanya bakamenya uwo barwana nawe n’ingufu afite. Erega ujya kuvura igisebe aragipfukura agakanda amashyira akirimo, akamenya uko kingana n’ububabare gitera nyiracyo, akabona kugishyiramo umuti. Migabo Darius Umusomyi w’Umuseso Umujyi wa Kigali

Urup. 

N

ubwo urubanza rw’uwahoze ari umuyobozi mukuru wa banki yahoze yitwa BCDI ubu ikorera ku izina rya ECOBANK, Alfred Kalisa n’ubushinjacyaha rugeze mu rukiko rukuru rwa Repubulika, Kalisa n’abamwunganira baracyabaza icyo kibazo; Kalisa araregwa iki? Iyaba ubushinjacyaha bwasobanuraga icyo burega Kalisa? Hari impamvu Kalisa n’abamwunganira bibaza icyo kibazo mu gihe urubanza rugeze mu bujurire, nyuma yaho ari Kalisa ari ubushinjacyaha bajuririye icyemezo cy’umucamanza wa mbere. Ni izihe rero? Uru rubanza rugitangira nkuko twagiye tubigarukaho mu nyandiko zacu, habaye ikibazo cyuko ubushinjacyaha bwahisemo kurega Kalisa ku giti cye, ku “byaha” buvuga ko byakorewe muri BCDI. Ubusanzwe banki kimwe n’izindi sosiyete, ifite inama y’ubutegetsi (igizwe ahanini n’abanyamigabane), ikagira ubuyobozi bukuru, n’inzego nyinshi zifata ibyemezo bitandukanye. Mu kurega Kalisa, ubushinjcyaha bwamureze ibyaha bine; gushakira inyungu mu byo atemerewe gukora, ubuhemu, kutubahiriza amabwiriza (amategeko) ya BNR n’inyandiko mpimbano. Mbere yo gutangiza urubanza mu mizi yarwo, umucamanza wo mu rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge wabanje kuburanisha uru rubanza akaba yaratangaje ko bidashoboka ko Kalisa yari gukora ibyo bamurega wenyine! Ibyo byatangajwe n’umucamanza, kandi ubushinjacyaha ndetse n’abari bagize inama y’ubutegetsi ya BCDI icyo gihe bakoraga ibishoboka ngo badakurikiranwa, ntibigeze babijuririra. Ibyo nibyo Umwe muri b’Avoka ba Kalisa, Maitre Francois Rwangampuhwe yagaragarije urukiko rukuru rwa Repubulika mu nteko iyobowe na Perezida warwo Johnstone Businge, ubwo yamwibutsaga ko umucamanza wa mbere yagaragaje ko Kalisa atashoboraga gukora ibyo bamurega wenyine, kandi ko bitigeze bijuririrwa. Maitre Rwangampuhwe, avuga ko ahubwo bihutiye kurwana no gukuraho ingingo y’itegeko yahaga umucamanza ububasha bwo kuba yakurikirana abagize inama y’ubutegetsi bose. Cyakora ngo ubwo byavuzwe n’umucamanza byabaye itegeko ntibisubirwaho. Icyo bivuze ariko (kuba atabazwa ibyo aregwa ubu), ari nabyo bisobanura uko kwibaza icyo Kalisa aregwa biragaragarira mu kwiregura kwa Kalisa n’abamwunganira. Mu kwiregura ku birego ashinjwa, Kalisa yagaragaje ko nta cyaha yumva

“Ni iki bar No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008

Ubutabera

“Baranshinjisha amagambo gusa, nta bimenyetso, sinumva icyaha ndegwa” Kalisa

Ni inyungu z'ubutabera cyangwa? Alfred Kalisa aregwa. Dore uburyo yagiye abigaragaza muri make; “Ndabazwa ibyakorwaga n’inzego zizwi” Kalisa Ku kirego cyo kutubahiriza amabwiriza ya BNR, Kalisa yasobanuye ko hari ikibazo cyo kwitiranya Kalisa na BCDI cyangwa se inzego za Banki (BCDI)! Asobanura ku byo bamurega yagiye agaragaza ahereye ku mategeko n’imikorere ya Banki inzego zakoraga ibikorwa baheraho bamushinja. Yagaragaje ko byakorwaga n’inzego za BCDI atari Kalisa. Bityo Kalisa yibaza iyo haba icyaha, uwakibazwa? Kalisa cyangwa inzego za BCDI? Hano, Kalisa yagaragaje ibiteganywa n’ingigo ya 16 ya sitati ya BCDI ivuga uburyo inzego zakoraga muri BCDI akavuga ko kumukurikirana nk’umuntu bidashoboka. Muri make, habayeho n’icyaha cyabazwa Inama y’ubutegetsi ya BCDI cyangwa inzego zakoraga ibikorwa runaka. Kalisa yibajije kenshi impamvu ibyakorwaga n’inzego ziteganywa n’amategeko bibazwa Kalisa. Avuga ku nguzanyo yafashe muri BCDI, Kalisa yagaragaje ko nta tegeko ryigeze ryicwa, yerekana ko mu gufata inguzanyo kwe, komite zibishinzwe zamugenzuye nk’abandi bakiriya, agatanga ingwate ndetse akanishyura. Kalisa

yibajije impamvu babimurega kandi ntibagaragaze ingwate yatanze. Ati; “iyo bagaragaza izo ngwate bari gusanga nta ya mibare iteganywa ntagombaga kurenza itarenga, ariko ubushinjacyaha ntibubigaragaza, kuki?” Hano, Kalisa yavuze ko nta bimenyetso nta bike ubushinjacyaha bugaragaza, kandi yibaza n’impamvu batabazaga niba hari ibyo batumva cyangwa batazi. Yongeyeho ko banki iba ibifite. Ku mwenda SAKIRWA yafashe muri BCDI, avuga ko yatanzwe na BCDI mu buryo bukurikije amategeko n’abandi bagenderagaho, hatangwa ingwate ndetse iza no gusabwa gutanga indi ngwate (additional), itanga Land title. Kalisa ati; “Nta tegeko ryishwe.” Kalisa yakomeje agaragaza uburyo byinshi mu byo aregwa ari ibintu byakorwaga n’inzego za BCDI, bikava muri BCDI bijya muri BNR, muri make byakorwaga hagati ya BCDI na BNR, nta cyabazwa Kalisa nk’umuntu. “Hari itegeko ribuza amasosiyete abiri umuntu afitemo imigabane gukorana?” Ku kirego cyo gushakira inyungu mu mirimo atemerewe gukora, Kalisa yabajije niba mu Rwanda hari itegeko ribuza amasosiyete abiri cyangwa menshi umuntu afitemo imigabane gukorana?

Yahaze ababuranyi ibibazo bitoroshye: Johnstone Businge Hano yavugaga ku kibazo bamushinja cyuko amasosiyete afitemo imigabane nka AFRIMOTOR, AFRITEL RFCN zahawe amasoko muri BCDI. Kalisa abwiwe ko ashinjwa ko yabigizemo uruhare kugira ngo ayo masosiyete abone amasoko muri BCDI, Kalisa yababije icyo bashingiraho bavuga ko yabigizemo uruhare, ahubwo we agaragaza ibimenyetso byuko byakozwe hakurikijwe amabwiriza n’amategeko ya BCDI, akibaza rero uko we nk’umuntu cyangwa umuyobozi wa BCDI azamo? Kalisa yagaragaje ko inzego za BCDI zemewe ari zo zatangaga ayo masoko hakurikijwe ibyo amategeko ateganya, yerekena ko hari kontaro zabyo, yibaza ikimenyane bavuga aho bagihera. Kuri AFRIMOTOR, yakodesheje inzu BCDI, Kalisa yabajije ati; “niba bumva ko iyo nzu yubatswe kugira ngo BCDI iyikodeshe, babajije igihe yubakiwe n’igihe BCDI yayikodeshereje? Bati; “yabahaga amafaranga meshi”, hano Kalisa yasomye mu mategeko agenga iby’amasoko ko icyasabwaga ari ugukoresha amafaranga make ariko ntibaburizemo quality yasabwaga. Ibyo akavuga ko byagenzurwaga n’inzego zibishinzwe, ntaho ahurira nabyo. Yongeyeho ko iyo habamo ikibazo cyagombye kubazwa inama y’ubutegetsi ya BCDI (abanyamigabane). Ku isoko ryahawe RFCN, Kalisa ya-

gize ati; “Ese iyo sosiyete yashinzwe kugira ngo ihabwe amasoko na BCDI ko ariko ubushinjacyaha bubivuga? None se batubwira iyo sosiyete iyo ariyo? Aho ikorera? Ikorera BCDI gusa? Bajya kureba imirimo ikora? Amafaranga yahabwaga buri kwezi (USD15.000) niba bavuga ko ari menshi, batubwira abandi ayo baca? None se BCDI yashatse kuyirukana, Kalisa arabyanga?” “Baranshinjisha amagambo gusa, nta bimenyetso” Kalisa yagaragaje inyandiko ikubiyemo amabwiriza y’uburyo amasoko yatangwaga, yerekana ko abagenzuzi b’imari bashyirwaho n’inama y’ubutegetsim bakemezwa na BNR atari Kalisa, abaza aho bahera bavuga KO ibyo bakoraga byabazwa Kalisa? Ku itangwa ry’amasoko, Kalisa yanagaragaje ko mu rugero kuri RFCN yahawe isoko ryo gukora no gukurikirana ibyuma kabuhariwe bakoreshaga muri Banki, hapiganye amasosiyete agera kuri ane harimo sosiyete nka za ENTREGERE, Seven Seas Technologies n’andi, habanje kubaho kubyamamaza, bikurikirana byose uko amategeko abiteganya n’inzego zibishinzwe, ihabwa ikiraka, yibaza rero icyo bamuregamo nka Kalisa. Ku by’amafaranga kuba men-

rega Kalisa?” No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008

shi cyangwa make, yaribajije ati’ “nicyo cyaha? Ubushinjacyaha nibuvuge ayo ayandi mabanki yakoreshaga, bakoreshaga angahe kuri izo serivisi? None se ko hari kontaro BCDI yagiranye n’ayoma sosiyete, ni gute icyaha cyava muri Kontaro? Nta cyaha ndegwa numva. Sinumva icyaha ndegwa?” Yakomeje agira ati: “nta mugambi bagaragaza nari mfite, uruhare nabigizemo, baranshinjisha amagambo gusa.” Kuri iryo tangwa ry’amasoko Kalisa yabitinzeho cyane, yibaza ibibazo byinshi; yagize ati; “niba tuvuga gutanga isoko, ikirebwa ni iki? Habaye kwamamaza isoko? Byarabaye. Gusubiza? Byarakozwe. Guhitamo abapigana? Byarakozwe. Byakozwe nande? Yerekanye gihamya zuko kuri ayo masoko yose, byakorwaga na komite ishinzwe gutanga amasoko, aheraho avuga ko iyo ubushinjacyaha bumureka agafungurwa, yari kubufasha kubona amakuru budafite. Aho niho yahereye agira ati; “Njye mfite ibimenyetso byuko amategeko n’amabwiriza byakurikijwe, none ubushinjyacyaha nibugaragaze ko amategeko yishwe n’uruhare nabigizemo.” “Inyandiko mpimbano irihe?” Abavoka Mu gukomeza kwibaza icyo Kalisa aregwa, abavoka ba Kalisa, Maitre Rwangampuhwe, Maitre Rwihandagaza na Maitre Bigaraba babajije inyandiko Kalisa aregwa aho igaragara. Umucamanza ati; “ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko byakozwe n’abakozi wahaye akazi wanahembaga.” Kalisa hano yagaragaje ko atari we wahaga akazi abagenzuzi b’imari muri BCDI, akavuga ko raporo z’imari n’micungire, ari ku byitwa Position Net d’echange n’ibindi (ni tekiniki za banki, umunyamakuru adashaka kwinjiramo), byakorwaga n’abashinzwe icungamari, bikagenzurwa n’abagenzuzi b’imari, bikoherezwa muri BNR ari nayo ishinzwe kugenzura amabanki. Yanerekanye ko we ahabwa kopi gusa. Hano yibajije impamvu abibazwa. Uwo munyemari kuri iyo ngingo yasoje agira ati; “Nta kimenyetso cy’inyandiko mpimbano kigeze kigaragarizwa ubucamanaza kuva twatangira kuburana-ahubwo hagaragara ko hari ibyo abantu batumva neza. Kuki batabajije? Kuki badashaka abahanga (experts) ngo babasobanurire?”

Abavoka be bo bagaragaje ko kugira ngo habeho icyaha cyo guhimba inyandiko, iba ihari igaragara, ariko ko ntayo, ahubwo ko ubushinjacyaha buzana raporo zakorwaga bukavuga ko ari mpimbano nta bimenyetso. Maitre Rwihandagaza yaje no kugaruka ku kibazo cy’inguzanyo Kalisa yafashe muri BCDI avuga ko uretse kuba zarubahirije amategeko, niyo habamo ikibazo, Kalisa akaba yarafashe inguzanyo zirenze izemewe ndetse nkuko ubushinjcyaha bubivuga hakaba hari n’imibare banki yahinduraga ibeshya BNR, byabazwa abari babishinzwe babikoraga mu nshingano, bitabazwa Kalisa. Ubushinjacyaha bwakomeje kuvuga ko icyaha cy’inyandiko mpimbano bukirega uwitwa Eugen Rutajoga, wagizwe umwere n’umucamanza wo mu rukiko rwa mbere, ko Kalisa aregwamo ubufatanya-cyaha. Rutajoga yahoze ari umuyobozi w’ishami ry’ubucungamari muri BCDI. Maitre Rwangampuhwe nawe yaje kuvuga ko ku kibazo cy’inguzanyo bavuga ko Kalisa yahaye bene wabo (murumuna we Katarebe na mushiki we Beatrice zihabwa amasosiyete yabo Lantech na Rwanda Flora), ari ibihimbano kuko nka mushiki we yahawe inguzanyo na BNR ku mafaranga y’umushinga wa RSSP, amafaranga anyuzwa muri BCDI. Rwangampuhwe ati; “Cyereka niba ari BNR yabazwa gutonesha BCDI icishamo ayo mafaranga”. Yanavuze ko iyo Rwanda Flora atari sosiyete ya Beatrice bwite, ahubwo afitemo imigabane. Kuri Lantech, avuga ko yatanze n’ingwate ya banki yo mu Busuwisi, ku buryo bwari ubucuruzi bwumvikana, atumva icyaha cyavamo cyo gutonesha. Ikibazo gikomeye nkuko Maitre Rwangampuhwe yabigarutseho ni uko Kalisa abazwa ibyakorwaga n’inzego harimo ibyari inshingano z’inama y’ubutegetsi, iby’abagenzuzi b’imari kuko batigeze bakurikiranwa. Twabibutsa ko ibi byavugirwaga mu rukiko rwa Repubulika aho urubanza rwaburanishirizwaga mu rwego rw’ubujrire . Abunganira Kalisa bati; “Ubushinjacyaha buravuga ko Kalisa yahaye abantu akazi bagakora inyandiko mpimbano, Kalisa akerekana ko abo bantu bashyirwagaho na BNR, atari we wabashyiraho, bakavuga ko yishe amategeko ya BNR, akerekana ko uretse no kuba nta mategeko

Urup. 

Ubutabera

Inyubako ya BCDI, ubu yahindutse Ecobank, itavugwaho rumwe n'ababuranyi yishwe, niyo haba harabaye icyaha, cyabazwa inzego zakoraga ibyo bikorwa, inyandiko mpimbano ntizigaragazwa, bakavuga ko yatanze inguzanyo akoresheje ikimenyane akerekana uko zatangwaga n’abazitangaga, bati yihaye amasoko, akerekana uko yatanzwe hakurikijwe amabwiriza yanditse ya sosiyete, none ni iki barega Kalisa?” Ku kibazo cy’amafaranga yubatse igorofa rya BCDI, aho ubushinjacyaha bumushinja ko mu gihe yari yabujijwe na Banki nkuru y’Igihugu, kurenza amafaranga angana na miliyari ebyiri n’igice z’amanyarwanda (Frw 2,500,000,000), yakoresheje akabakaba miliyari esheshatu (Frw 6,000,000,000). Kalisa yatangarije urukiko ko hari kontaro (contracts) z’uburyo ibintu byose byakozwe, akaba nkuko yabisubiyemo kenshi atangazwa nuko zitigeze zigaragarizwa urukiko kuko arizo zafasha mu mpaka zagibwa kuri icyo kibazo. Uko kutagaragaza izo kontaro zakozwe hagati ya BCDI n’abakoraga imirimo yo kubaka ririya gorofa, ni kimwe mu bisa naho bishimangira kutagaragaza

ibimenyetso by’ubushinjacyaha. “Kalisa yari afite nyngu ki mu kubeshya?” Umucamanza Ikindi cyaje gukurura impaka ndende n’umucamanza John stone Businge akakibazaho byinshi, ni aho ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Kalisa ibyo yakoze byose yari agamije guhisha imibare nyakuri kuri BCDI, ashaka kugaragaza ko yunguka kugira ngo aburizemo icyifuzo cya BNR cyuko bazamura imari shingiro ya banki. Abajijwe inyungu Kalisa yari abifitemo, umushinjacyaha yavuze ko yarwanaga ku migabane ye yashoborga kugabanuka bikozwe, ariko ntiyasobanura neza ko ariwe warwanaga ku migabane ye cyangwa niba ariko abanyamigabane bose babyifuzaga ku buryo baba aribo babikoze bashaka kurinda imigabane yabo bose. Hano naho Kalisa n’abamwunganira bagaragaje ko ari ugushinja, nta bimenyetso bitangwa. Ubushinjacyaha ariko buvuga ko bwatanze ibimenyetso bishoboka, ko niba bumva batabyemera, batavuga ko bidahari, bi-

byita ko batabyemera. Niyo mpamvu bwashoje mu myanzuro bwongera gusaba urukiko guhanira Kalisa ibyo byaha, rukamuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20 muri gereza, rukanamutegeka gutanga ihazabu ya miliyoni cumi n’imwe y’amanyarwanda (Frw 11,000,000). Urukiko rwaburanishije uru rubanza ku rwego rwa mbere rwari rwakatiye Kalisa igifungo cy’amezi makumyabiri n’arindwi. Eugene Rutajoga wari umuyobozi w’ishami ry’ubucungamari muri BCDI, we bamusabiye imyaka 10 y’igifungo, mu kuburana we n’umwunganira nabo bakaba baragagaje ko nta kimenyetso nta kimwe bagaragaza cyuko yakoze inyandiko mpimbano. Kalisa n’abamwinganira bo basabye urukiko ko ruzemeza ko nta bimenyetso ubushinjyaha bwagaragaje, rukamugira umwere. Ikindi bagaragaje ni uko uretse no kuba nta bimenyetso, nta cyaha Kalisa aregwa nka gatozi, nabyo urukiko rwazabigaragaza. Urubanza ruzasomwa ku ya 14 Ugushyingo, 2008. Habuhazi Innocent

Urup. 

No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008

Umubano hagati y’intara ya Rhénanie-Palatinat n’u Rwanda (Igice cya Kabiri) Ibikorwa byacu

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mubano wihariye hagati y‘u Rwanda n’intara ya Rhénanie-Palatinat ushingiye ku nzego zibanze, bivuze ko abaturage bo hasi aribo iki gitekerezo gishingiyeho. Uyu mubano utandukanye n’ibindi bikorwa by’ubutabazi,urugero:Oxfam, Care cg ikigo cy’abadage cy'ubutwererane mu by'iterambere. Iyi miryango usanga iba ihagararaye abandi. Mu myumvire yacu abaturage ubwabo nibo bagomba kugaragaza ibyo bakeneye bakabigaragariza abandi bityo impande zombi zikumvikana uko byashyirwa mu bikorwa,icyo bivuze nkuko bigaragara mu nkuru yasohotse mu mvaho N0, 24.Nyakanga –uyu mubano wigaragaza iyo abaturage b’impande zombi bitabiriye kandi bagahora bahana amakuru. Kugeza ubu hari uturere 52 two muri Rhénanie-Palatinat dufitanye umubano na hafi imirenge 190 mu Rwanda hari kandi umubano ushingiye kuri za paruwasi n‘izindi nzego. Bityo rero ugaragara muri buri karere. NI URUHE RUHARE RW’IBIRO MPUZABIKORWA? Ibiro mpuzabikorwa biri i Kigali byashyizweho kugira ngo bihuze . impande zombi,bifasha mu korohereza itumanaho hagati y’impande zombi,igafasha mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imishinga n’ikurikiranwa ryayo.Ibiro mpuzabikorwa bifite amashami atatu ajyanye n’ibikorwa byibandwaho,ayo mashami ni iry’ubwubatsi,imibereho myiza y’abaturage n ‘udushinga duto tubyara umusaruro,hamwe n’ishami ry’umubano hagati Ikigo nderabuzima cya Cyondo y’amashuri. Dufite abakozi bagera kuri 15, bakora bagamije ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’uyu mubano,ikigamijwe n’uko inkunga igera ku baturage cyangwa abo ireba ubwabo,twirinda uko dushoboye kwishyura ibitari ngombwa, ntidufasha imiryango ihagarariye abandi,twifuza gukorana n’baturage aribo banyiri ubwite ubwabo.Kandi twifuza ko hagaragara uruhare rwabo,ubushake,ubwitange babigira ibyabo.Twibaza ko aribwo buryo bwonyine butanga ikizere gihoraho. Duhereye kuri iyi myumvire – ishingiye ku bibazo bwite by’abaturage – ibikorwa byacu bigaragara mu rwego: ibikorwa remezo:harimo kwubaka amashuri , amavuriro, ibigo byigisha imyuga ( CFJ), rimwe na rimwe inzu mberabyombi.Hazamo kandi ibikorwa byo gutanga amazi,hatunganywa amavomero,ingomero n’ibigega by’amazi,hamwe na hamwe hashyirwa udushami duto dutanga amashanyarazi ashingiye ku mirasire y’izuba. Mu rwego rw’Uburezi dufasha mu gutanga ibikoresho by’ishuri ku banyeshuri n’imfashanyigisho z’abarimu. Dufasha abanyeshuri tubagurira imyenda y’ishuri,kubishyurira amafaranga y’ishuri. Hafashwa kandi mu gutanga ibikoresho by’imyuga mu bigo byigisha imyuga ,harimo kandi gahunda yo guhugurana binyuze mu guhererekanya abanyeshuri,urugero nk’ibigaragara mu mubano wihariye uri hagati ya KIST na kaminuza ya Kaiserslautern Dufite abana bafashwa mu mashuri barenga 2500 na hafi ibigo by’amashuri 300 bifite umubano wihariye.Hari na gahunda yo amahugurwa ngiro ategurwa,urugero: buri mwaka hari itsinda ry’abaganga riza gufatanya n’abanyarwanda mu bitaro bya Ruli. Vo, que audees! Irmis bonteremus laris, nos consul teatiu viri is vaste nium tra, fur. Ahala Mu rwego rw’imishinga ijyanye n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage ,irebana no gufasha abana,abarwayi, abantu bafite ubumuga, ababana n’ubwandu bwa SIDA,impfubyi n’abatagira kivurira.Tunafasha kandi udushinga twa sport nk’umupira w’amaguru w’abategarugori n’amakipi y’abamugaye . Mu rwego rw’udushinga duciriritse tubyara inyungu, dufasha abaturage mu kwibumbira mu makoperative mato mato,ubucuruzi bubafasha kubyaza umusaruro ibyo bacuruza. Ibikorwa dukora biranyuranye biturutse ku busabe bw’abaturage ubwabo urutse n’abadage bo muri Rhenanie Palatinat Baba bafite imipaka itabemerera kurangiza ibibazo byose bituma byibuza habaho gufasha intangiriro y’umushinga. Umutungo aho uturuka: Byakabaye byumvikana aho umutungo ukoreshwa mu mishinga itandukanye yagezezweho uturuka aribyo bigaragaza by’ukuri ishingiro ry’uyu mubano aho abaturage ubwabo,abanyeshuri,ibice bitandukanye by’abaturage bitaretse n’abantu ki giti cyabo muri Rhenanie Palatinat bakora uturimo dutandukanye twinjiza amafaranga muri gahunda yo gushaka icyakemura ikibazo bagejejweho ‘incuti zabo z’abanyarwanda,byaba ngombwa leta ya Rhenanie Palatinat nayo ikagira ayo yongera ho. Icyerekezo cy’imbere: Gushyira imbaraga cyane mu nzego zo hasi Tureba uburyo hashyirwaho komite za jumelage aho zitari zikanahugurwa Hakomeza guhugurwa abayobozi b’ibanze ku bijyanye n’uyu mubano Ibi bigakorwa mu rwego rwo gushyigikira gahunda ya leta y’u Rwanda yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. Kugira ngo habeho gukurikirana ibikorwa , hari ibiganiro by’uko hajya habaho inama ngaruka mwaka zihoraho hagati ya ministeri zombi mu rwego rwo kureba ibyihutirwa no gushimangira guhana amakuru no kurebera hamwe ibyagezweho. Dufite icyizere kandi dushimishijwe no kwagura uyu mubano, kugira ngo abanyarwanda n’abadage barusheho kumenyana kandi bivuze ko uyu mubano uterekeye inzira imwe gusa bireba impande zombi. Bityo rero murakaza neza ku biro byacu kugira ngo mudufashe kubaka uyu mubano no mu gihe mu keneye amakuru y’inyongera. Murakaza neza

Ibiro byacu hafi ya Serena Hotel

Kwamamaza

Urup. 

Iduka AUDIOTEX ricuruza Audiotex Magasin ibikoresho bya Sports bigezweho by’umwimerere

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duka rya AUDIOTEX, riherereye ku muhanda witwa Avenue de la Justice, uturutse kuri Rompuwe nini (Rond Point) y’Umujyi wa Kigali, werekeza kuri ETO Muhima, hirya gato ya Imprimerie Nouvelle. Uzahasanga icyapa, kiri imbere

y’iduka rifunguye ricuruza ibikoresho bijyanye na Sports bigezweho kandi by’imyimerere, kandi ku giciro cyiza. Nugera muri iryo duka rya AUDIOTEX, uzahasanga imipira yo gukina y’amoko yose, inkweto za Sports, Supres, Godio, bya Nike na Adidas, ndetse na Leeboke (Reebock). AUDIOTEX igira ibintu bya Orginal gusa; amagare y’abana n’abantu bakuru. Gana AUDIOTEX Uramutse ukeneye Marete Diplomate, Amavarisi, Ibikapu bigendanwa n’udukapu batwaramo Lap Top, nta handi wabibariza hatari muri AUDIOTEX. Abakunzi ba Tenis, Karate, PingPong, ndetse n’icyuma bakoreraho Sports, AUDIOTEX ntiyabibagiwe. Akarusho ka AUDIOTEX, ni uko ifite ibyuma bimesa imyenda neza, gutera ipasi imyenda neza, ikagira fraîcheur kandi ku buryo bwihuse.

AUDIOTEX ni Magasin yanyu icuruza ibigezweho kandi biramba… Uwakenera bindi bisobanuro yabariza kuri B.P. 3 Kigali- Rwanda Tél : 517121/ 08503735, 08772287. Email : audiotex @rwanda.com Byakiriwe na Emile Bayisenge Tél : 08614079 /05107891

No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008

Urup. 10

Igitekerezo

Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Afurika : Igihugu cy’i Kanani

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ashize imyaka myinshi ibihugu byo ku mugabane w’Afurika bigerageza kwishyira hamwe, ngo bibe byakora Leta zunze ubumwe z’Afurika. Icyo gihugu cyaheze mu nzozi, kibayeho cyaba ari igihugu cy’igihangange, urebye ubukungu kamere cyaba kibitse mu butaka bwacyo. Iki gitekerezo cya vuba kuko mu myaka yabanjirije ubwigenge bw’ibihugu by’Afurika, abanyepolitiki baharaniraga ubwigenge, bari bafite network isa n’iganisha aho. Igihugu cyabimburiye ibindi kwigenga mu byari bikoronijwe byo munsi y’ubutayu bwa sahara, ni Ghana yari iyobowe na Kwame Nkurmah. Ubwo hari mu 1957. Umwaka wakurikiyeho, Guinea ya Sekou Touré nayo yigobotora ingoyi y’abafaransa. Mu 1960, haje uruvunge rw’ubwigenge, ku buryo ibihugu byasigaye mu buja bw’abakoloni ahanini ari ibyari bikoronijwe na Portugal. Mu myaka nk’itatu yakurikiyeho, ibihugu byari byasigaye nk’u Rwanda, u Bugande, Tanganyika n’ibindi nabyo byari byamaze kubona ubwigenge. Mu 1963, intambwe ya mbere yaratewe ubwo abakuru b’ibihugu bashingaga umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika OAU. Hagati aho ariko ibihugu by’i Burayi ntibyishimiye umugambi w’abaperezida b’Afurika wo gukora igihugu kimwe cy’igihangange. Ni muri urwo rwego batangije amatiku n’umwiryane muri abo baperezida, ku buryo bacitsemo ibice binahanganye ku mugaragaro. Ba mpemuke ndamuke barushije ingufu inyangamugayo Abaperezida bari bakomeye kuri Leta imwe ya Afurika, ni Kwame Nkurmah wa Ghana, umwami Hailé Selasie wa Ethiopia, Hamani Diori wa Niger, Modibou Keita wa Mali, Sylvio Olympio wa Togo, Keneth Kawunda wa Rhodezia y’amajyaruguru (yaje kuba Zambia), Patrice Lumumba wa RDC, Julius Nyerere wa Tanzania na Amilcar Cabral wo muri Guinea Bissau n’ibirwa bya Cap Vert. Hari n’abaperezida barwanyaga icyo gitekerezo, mbese muri make biyemeza gukorera abanyaburayi barwanya bagenzi babo. Ku isonga ry’abo baperezida hari Félix Houphouet Boigny wa Cote d’Ivoire, Leopold Sedar Senghor wa Senegal, Amhadou Ahidjo wa Kameruni, na Jomo Kenyata wa Kenya. Hari n’abaperezida batari bafite umurongo n’umwe nka ba Namdi Azikiwe wa Nigeria, Gregoire Kayibanda wo mu Rwanda n’abandi. Uyu mwiryane wakajijwe n’intambara y’ubutita, abaperezida bashakaga Afurika imwe bashyigikirwa na Repubulika zunze ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti, ababarwanya bashyigikirwa n’ibihugu by’i Burayi n’Amerika. Abanyaburayi babinyujije kuri ba baperezida barwanyaAfurika imwe, batangije kudeta, ubwicanyi no guteza imvururu mu bihugu bitegekwa n’abaperezida bifuza ko habaho Leta zunze ubumwe z’Afurika. Aba arishwe Partice Lumumba muri Kongo mu 1960, aramukurikiye Silvio Olympio

► Imbarutso ivuye mu majyepfo n’iburasirazuba ! ► Intambara z’urudaca, intambamyi z’iyo paradizo muri Togo mu 1963, aba aragiye Namdi Azikiwe wa Nigeria na Kwame Nkurmah wa Ghana mu 1966 n’abandi bakurikiraho. Usibye gutuma Leta zunze ubumwe z’Afurika zihera mu nzozi, uyu mwiryane watumye mu bihugu byinshi, Leta zihinduka iz’ibitugu ku buryo bukabije, uburenganzira bwa muntu burahungabanywa bikomeye na za kudeta zihinduka umuco. Ibihugu byasigaye ni mbarwa, ku buryo ku bihugu byabonye ubwigenge mu myaka ya za 1960, ahataraba guhirika ubutegetsi ku ngufu, ni muri Tanzaniya, Senegal, Kenya na Kameruni gusa. Aho umuyaga wa demukarasi wongeye guhuhira muri Afurika intambara y’ubutita irangiye, cya gitekerezo cyo kubaka Leta zunze ubumwe z’Afurika cyongeye kugaruka. Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika OAU uba usimbuwe n’umuryango wa Afurika yunze ubumwe AU. Ariko noneho, abakuru b’ibihugu bakaba baravuze ko ibyo bintu bigomba gukorwa ku buryo bwitondewe, hakabanza hakaba imiryango ihuza ibihugu bituranye, bigahera ku bumwe bushingiye ku bukungu, ifaranga rimwe, hagaheruka ubumwe bushingiye kuri politiki na Leta imwe. Imbarutso mu majyepfo n’uburasirazuba ?\ Kugeza ubu, imiryango ihuza ibihugu bituranye isa naho yatangiye iyo gahunda, ni CEDEAO/ECOWAS ihuza ibihugu byo muri Afurika y’uburengerazuba, SADEC ihuza ibihugu byo muri Afurika y’amajyepfo, COMESA ihuza ibihugu byo muri Afurika y’amajyepfo n’iburasirazuba, IGAD ihuza ibihugu byo mu burasirazuba n’ihembe by’Afurika na EAC ihuza ibihugu byo muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba. Iyi miryango yose niyo Leta zunze ubumwe z’Afurika zizubakiraho, uyu mushinga nuramuka uvuye mu nzozi no mu mpapuro. Iyi miryango tuvuze haruguru, yagiye itangira ibikorwa bigana iyo nzira. Ugeze kure cyane akaba ari EAC, ubu igeze kure igikorwa cyo gukusanya ibitekerezo kuri Leta imwe ihuje ibihugu biyigize ari byo Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, u Burundi n’u Rwanda. Mu bindi bice naho baragerageza, ariko henshi usanga hakiri ikibazo cy’amakimbirane n’intambara ari hagati y’ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bihuriye mu muryango umwe cyangwa imiryango ibiri yegeranye. Urugero ni nka Ethiopia na Eritrea bihuriye muri COMESA na IGAD. Urundi, ni Kongo iri muri SADEC n’u Rwanda ruri muri EAC na COMESA. Izi nzitizi zikaba zishobora gukomeza kuba intambamyi y’iki gihugu cya Leta zunze ubumwe za Afurika, bamwe bagereranya n’igihugu cy’i Kanani, Uwiteka yari yarasezeranyije Musa n’abisiraheri igihe bari mu buja mu Misiri. Nkuko bigaragara mu itangazo ry’inama

y’abaminisitiri ba guverinoma y’u Rwanda yo ku wa 08 Ukwakira 2008, i Kampala mu gihugu cya Uganda, ku wa 21 Ugushyingo 2008 hazateranira inama idasanzwe y’abakuru b’ibihugu bigize umuryango wa EAC. Nyuma y’iminsi ibiri, ku wa 23 Ugushyingo, haterane inama y’abakuru b’ibihugu bigize imiryango ya EAC, COMESA na SADEC. Nubwo iryo tangazo ry’inama y’abaminisitiri ritavuga ingingo iyo nama ya kabiri izigaho, biragaragara ko iri mu rwego rwo gushaka kureba ukuntu iyo miryango yahurizwa hamwe ikaba intango yo gukora ubumwe mu bya politiki biganisha kuri Leta imwe. Icyakora nkuko twabivuze haruguru, ibibazo biracyari byose. Ibihugu byo mu majyepfo y’Afurika, hafi ya byose biri muri SADEC, hakiyongeraho na Repubulika iharanira demukarasi ya Kongo. Ibyo mu burasirazuba hafi ya byose bikaba muri COMESA usibye Tanzania na Kongo. Na none ibihugu hafi ya byose byo mu majyepfo y’Afurika bikaba muri COMESA usibyeAfurika y’epfo na Repubulika iharanira demukarasi ya Kongo. Ndetse COMESA yo iranakomeza igafata ibihugu byo mu barabu nka Misiri na Lybia. Ni ukuvuga ko inama ya Kampala, izahuza abakuru b’ibihugu kuva Afurika y’epfo kugera mu Misiri. Kongo n’u Rwanda, Eritrea na Ethiopia, inzitizi Iyi nama ikaba izaterana mu gihe ikibazo cya kongo gikomeje gutera inkeke, cyane cyane gishyamiranya u Rwanda na Repubulika iharanira demukarasi ya Kongo. Nubwo ntawakwemeza uko bizaba bimeze icyo gihe, ikigaragara ni uko iyo nama niramuka ishatse guhuriza hamwe iyo miryango, ntabwo bizoroha. Ku bindi bihugu nta kibazo. Ariko ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda na Kongo, n’uruhande rwa Ethiopia na Eritrea ntibazabyumva kimwe. Ku kibazo cya Kongo, guverinoma ya Kabila irashinja u Rwanda gushyigikira abayirwanya bayobowe na Gen. Laurent Nkunda. U Rwanda narwo rugashinja guverinoma ya Kongo kuba ifatanyije n’interahamwe ziganditse mu mashyamba y’icyo gihugu, zikaba zibangamiye umutekano w’u Rwanda. Iki kibazo ubu kikaba gishobora gukurura indi ntambara yahurirwamo n’ibihugu bigize EAC, SADEC na COMESA, nkuko byagenze mu mwaka wa 1998. Ibi bihugu rero byibumbiye mu muryango umwe ugana ku bumwe bwa politiki, nta shiti ko ikibazo cyakwikemura, kuko inyungu zaba zimwe, imipaka ikavaho, urujya n’uruza rw’abantu rugahinduka nko kuva mu kagari ujya mu kandi. Hagati ya Ethiopia na Eritrea naho ibintu ntibirasubira mu buryo. Ibyo bihugu bikaba byarigeze kurwana mu ntambara yahoshejwe n’umuryango w’abibumbye.

Azageza Afurika i Kanani? Perezida Museveni Bikaba byarapfaga akagobe kageza Ethiopia ku nyanja itukura, Eritrea ivuga ko ari akayo. Mu minsi ishize ibyo bihugu bikaba byaranasekuraniye muri Somalia. Kubihuriza hamwe rero bikaba byakemura iki kibazo kuko nta bibazo by’imipaka byakongera kubaho. Ikibazo akaba ari ukumenya niba, abaperezida bo muri ibi bihugu bazashobora ibyananiye abababanjirije. Ese abanyaburayi noneho bazabyemera ? Igisubizo kiragoye ariko urebye ubusahuzi bwakomeje gukorerwa Afurika na n’ubu bugikomeza ; icyizere ni gike. Urebye ukuntu abaperezida bariho ubu bakunda amafaranga, ukagereranya nuko abaharaniye ubwigenge bitwaraga, usanga uyu mugambi wo guhuriza hamwe aka karere uzahera mu mpapuro. Kandi amafaranga no kwigwizaho umutungo, nibyo abanyaburayi bashoboje ibisambo basimbuje abaperezida bari bakomeye ku mugambi wo kubaka Afurika nk’igihugu kimwe. Uwagira ngo iki ni ikinyoma azabaze ukuntu Kwame Nkurmah yapfuye atagira n’urwara rwo kwishima, yarayoboye igihugu imyaka umunani. Nyamara Félix Houphouet Boigny ni umwe mu baperezida batangije umuco wo kwizihiza za mamiliyari kuri konti. Ingero ni nyinshi, ariko igikuru ni uko abaperezida b’ibihugu byo muri aka karere bazahurira i Kampala ku wa 23 Ugushyingo 2008, bakwiye kuzirikana ko igihe kigeze ngo intambara, amakimbirane bihemberwa no gushaka kuronka byinshi n’ubwikanyize bukabije ; ari nabyo bisenya imigambi myiza bahoza mu mvugo zabo ariko ingiro ikabura. Birinze urukundo rukabije rw’amafaranga, bakarya duke nkuko abaturage babo bitungiwe n’ubusa, babasha guhangana n’abasahura Afurika, ari nabo ba nyirabayazana bo kutabaho kwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Afurika, igihugu cy’i Kanani, Uwiteka yasezeranyije abanyafurika. Gasore Zachée Intara y’amajyepfo

No 313, 03-10 Ukwakira 2008

Uburenganzira bwa muntu

Urup. 11

Akarere ka Kicukiro katambamiye ibikorwa bya Pasteur Mudahinyuka A karere ka Kicukiro karengenyije Pasteur Mudahinyuka Jackson , uhagarariye HOSTA Evangelical Centre, Kicukiro. Nkuko Pasteur Mudahinyuka Jackson yabitangarije Ikinyamakuru Umuseso mu ntangiriro z’iki cyumweru, Akarere ka Kicukiro kanze kumuha Autorisation de Bâtir kandi yarayitangiye ikiguzi cyayo gisabwa n’ibindi byangombwa byose mu karere nk’uko babimusabye. Akarere ka Kicukiro ntikamwimye ibyangombwa gusa kuko kasenye n’inyubako za HOSTA Centre de Santé ya Gatenga, zifite agaciro ka miriyoni mirongo cyenda (90.000.000Frw). Nkuko Pasteur Mudahinyuka Jackson yakomeje abitangariza Umuseso, muri gahunda ya HOSTA Evangelical, yagombaga kwitabaza abaterankunga (Donors) batandukanye, ibyo kandi bakaba bari bamaze kubigeraho kugira ngo bafashe abantu batishoboye nkuko babigaragarije abayobozi b’igihugu batandukanye. Pasteur Mudahinyuka Jackson (Representant Legal) wa HOSTA Evangelical Centre yagiye gusaba ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Kicukiro ikibanza ahitwa mu Gatenga ahegereye irimbi bashyinguramo abantu, icyo kibanza kikaba nta gikorwa cyakorerwagamo mbere. Akarere karamwemereye, ndetse kamuha Attestation de Collaboration na Fiche Cadastral y’ikibanza cyo kubakamo Centre de Santé muri Gatenga. Attestation de Collaboration ikaba yarasinywe na Meya w’Akarere ka Kicukiro kubera gahunda nziza Pasteur Jackson Mudahinyuka yari azaniye abanyarwanda, yo kubafasha mu gikorwa cy’ubuzima. Pasteur Mudahinyuka yeretse abayobozi b’Akarere ka Kicukiro igishushanyo ngenderwho (Plan) cy’inyubako ashaka kuhashyira, barayemera, bamuha Fiche Cadastrale, yishyura imisoro ya Location 2007 na 2008 (Land Rent) na Bornage; ndetse aza no kubwirwa amafaranga yishyurwa kugira ngo ahabwe Autorisation de Bâtir, nayo arayishyura. Pasteur Jackson yahise atumiza impuguke mu bwubatsi (Enginineers) i Bugande, azana n’ibikoresho byo kubaka abivanye i Bugande; ibyo kandi birashimangirwa n’ibaruwa ya Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu, (Umuseso ufitiye kopi), yandikiye Commissioner General wa RRA abasabira Exoneration ku bintu bizanywe mu gihugu bya

HOSTA Evangelical Centre.

Pasteur Mudahinyuka Jackson yahise atangira kubaka bitewe n’uko igikorwa cyihutirwaga cyane, akaba yari afite icyizere kuko icyemezo kimwemerera kubaka yari yaracyishyuye, ku buryo yumvaga gusinya Autorisation de Bâtir ari byo bisigaye gusa. Mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 2008, Pasteur Mudahinyuka Jackson yaje gutungurwa n’ibaruwa y’Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Kicukiro yamwandikiye yivuguruza amusaba guhagarika ibikorwa bya HOSTA Evangelical Centre mu gihe yari azi aho inyubako igeze yubakwa, mu gihe uwo muyobozi ari we wari wamwemereye kubaka, mu gihe Pasteur Jackson Mudahinyuka atari kubaka inzu kugeza aho ageza gusakara ubuyobozi butabizi. Ikibabaje kandi ni uko iyo baruwa y’Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Kicukiro itagaragazaga impamvu ihagarika Pasteur Jackson Mudahinyuka kubaka, uretse kumusaba gukuraho ibikorwa bya HOSTA Evangelical Centre kandi azi neza ko inzu itagira amapine. Pasteur Mudahinyuka Jackson yaje gusubiza iyo baruwa y’Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Kicukiro atakamba nkuko amategeko abiteganya ariko Meya yarituramiye ntiyasubiza. Gusa Pasteur Jackson Mudahinyuka nyuma yaje gutungurwa ubwo Akarere kazanaga BULL-DOZER Caterpillar basenya izo nyubako zose ku buryo ziri hasi zose biturutse ku mabwiriza yatanzwe na Meya w’Akarere ka Kicukiro, abaturage bahatuye bakaba bavuga ko izo nyubako zasenywe mu masaha ya nimugoroba.

Umuyobozi w’agateganyo w’Akarere ka Kicukiro, Madame Kayiraba Frorence Camille yagiranye na Radio Frash FM, yavuze ko Pasteur Mudahinyuka Jackson yabonye ari umuntu uzi ubwenge, ureba kure; ko hari ibyo avuga mu kurenganwa kwe bifite ishingiro

►Bashenye ibikorwa bigamije gufasha abaturage ►Minisiteri y’Ubuzima yemeje ko inyubako ye ari nta makemwa

Pasteur Mudahinyuka akaba yibaza impamvu Akarere ka Kicukiro kafashe icyemezo nka kiriya kigayitse cyo kwangiza no gusenya ibikorwa-remezo (Social infrastructure) bifasha abaturage kandi n’Akarere kabereyeho abaturage. Hakurikijwe amategeko ingingo ya 200 yo mu itegeko nshinga “ Itegeko nshinga ni ryo tegeko ry’igihugu risumba ayandi kuko itegeko ryose, icyemezo cyose, binyuranyije naryo nta gaciro na gato bigira”. Aha umuntu akaba yakwibaza itegeko Akarere ka Kicukiro kakoresheje mu gusenya ibikorwa bigamije gufasha abaturage, mu gihe itegeko risumba ayandi ribuza kuvogera umutungo w’abandi, uretse ko bawusenye, batawigaruriye. Hashingiwe na none ku ngingo ya 24 y’itegeko ryo kuwa 31 Nyakanga 1912 rigenga ibintu n’ubutaka, nkuko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu; ritegeka ko “ iyo hari amazu yubatswe cyangwa ibindi byubatswe n’ubitunze nta buryarya akoresheje, ibyubakishwa bye, nyiri ubutaka ntashobora gusaba ko bivanwaho atabanje kwishyura igiciro cy’ibikoresho byubakishijwe ayo mazu n’ibyishyuwe abubatse ayo mazu cyangwa inyunguragaciro”. Ibyo bivuze ko Akarere ka Kicukiro kagomba kwishyura ibyo kangije hakurikijwe ikiguzi n’indishyi za ngombwa. Hashingiwe na none ku ngingo ya mirongo itatu n’eshatu y’itegeko ryo kuwa 30 Nyakanga 1988 nkuko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, rigize urwunge rw’amategeko y’imbonezamubano; ibyerekeye imirimo nshinganwa cyangwa amasezerano; mu gihe Akarere ka Kicukiro kemeye gutanga ibyangombwa ngo HOSTA Evangelical Centre yubake, ndetse bagatanga na Attestation de Collaboration, ayo ni amasezerano agomba kubahirizwa nta buryarya. Niba rero Akarere ka Kicukiro karemeranyije na HOSTA Evangelical Centre, igashoramo umutungo ufite agaciro kangana kuriya, barangiza uwo mutungo bakawusenya bitabagwiririye, bagomba kuwuriha, ndetse n’izindi ngaruka zikomoka kuri ririya senya. Aha ntitwabura kuvuga ko Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Kicukiro buvuga ko bwasenye inyubako ya Pasteur Mudahinyuka Jackson kuko ngo ibyo basezer-

Aranengwa: Mayor Kirabo Kakira anye atari byo yakoze kuko ngo bari bumvikanye kubaka ivuriro rya Gatenga ariko we yubaka urusengero. Biragaragara ko aya amagambo y’Abayobozi b’Akarere ka Kicukiro anyuranye n’ay’uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’ubuzima Dr Ntawukurilyayo Yohani Damaseni, ubu wabaye Visi Perezida wa Kabiri w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, Umutwe w’Abadepite, aho mu ibaruwa ye No 20/1590/MIN/2008 yo muri Kamena 2008, Umuseso ufitiye kopi, iyo baruwa akaba yarayandikiye Umuhuzabikorwa w’Umushinga HOSTA avuga ko ahereye ku rwandiko Ref : HST/ FD/007 rwo ku wa 13 Werurwe 2008, anejejwe no kubandikira abamenyesha ko serivisi ishinzwe imyubakire muri Minisiteri yasuye ahubakwa ikigo nderabuzima cya Gatenga , mu Murenge wa Gatenga, Akarere ka Kicukiro. Uwari Minisitiri w’ubuzima akaba yarakomeje muri iyo ba-

ruwa ye avuga ko ikiboneka muri izo nyubako, ni uko hakurikijwe igishushanyo mbonera cy’ibigo nderabuzima. Kuri ubwo Minisiteri y’ubuzima ikaba ishyigikiye iyubakwa ry’ikigo nderabuzima Pasteur Mudahinyuka Jackson yatangije. Iyo baruwa yamenyeshejwe Umunyamabanga Mukuru muri Minisiteri y’ubuzima, Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Kicukiro n’Umuyobozi wa ACM/ MINISANTE. No mu kiganiro Umuuyobozi w’agateganyo w’Akarere ka Kicukiro, Madame Kayiraba Frorence Camille yagiranye na Radio Frash FM, yavuze ko Pasteur Mudahinyuka Jackson yabonye ari umuntu uzi ubwenge, ureba kure; ko hari ibyo avuga mu kurenganwa kwe bifite ishingiro. Emile Bayisenge

No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008

Urup. 12

Hanze y'igihugu

Urutonde rw’aba Perezida 10 b’Amerika bategetse nabi kurusha abandi

10. Calvin Coolidge 1923 - 1929 Mu mwaka wa 1919, bitatu bya kane bya Police y’ahitwa i Boston barigaragambije. Icyo gihe, Calvin Coolidge, wari Guverineri w’intara ya Massachusetts, yaricaye ararebera kugeza ubwo Mayor wa Boston asabye umusada abitwa ‘state guard units’. Calvin, n’umujinya mwinshi, yahise ahamagaza ‘National Guard’, asubiza Police Commissioner Curtis mu biro bye yari yavanwemo n’abigaragambyaga, yifatira ubuyobozi bwa polisi. Curtis yahise atangaza ko nta muntu n’umwe wagize uruhare mu myigaragambyo uri busubire mu kazi ke naho Calvin ahita asaba ko hinjizwa abapolisi basyashya. Ibi byatumye ibyaha byiyongera muri Massacusettes. Uko guterera iyo kwa Calvin ntibyashimishije abanyamerika. Byaje guhumira ku mirari aho abereye Perezida, akagabanya umubare w’abagize guverinoma, akananga ko Federal Government igira uruhare mu gucunga ubukungu bw’Amerika.

9. Richard Nixon 1969 - 1974 Muri Kanama 1972, ibyegera bitari bike bya Richard Nixon byafashwe byinjira mu biro by’ishyaka ry’abademokarate kuri Hotel ya Watergate, mu mujyi wa Washington DC. Iyo niyo mvano y’icyaje kwitwa Watergate Scandal (sikandali ya Watergate), yaje no gutuma Nixon yegura ku buperezida. Nixon yabanje gusuzugura iyo sikandali, ayita politiki gusa, ariko nyuma yahoo, ibyo byegera bye bitangiye kwegura umufururizo,

uruhare rwa Nixon mu gushaka kubakingira ikibaba kwatangiye gushyirwa ahagaragara mu bitangazamakuru, mu nkiko no muri Congress y’Amerika. Usibye n’ibyo, Nixon yakiriye inkunga zo kwiyamamaza zitemewe (illicit), ajujubya abari bahanganye nawe muri politiki akoresheje serivise z’ubutasi no kubumviriza ibyo bapanga ku matelefone (wiretaps). Nixon kandi yategetse kugaba ibitero muri Cambodia mu ibanga. Urukiko rwaje gusanga Nixon yaragize uruhare mu bugambanyi bwa Watergate. Amaze kubona ko yatakaje icyizere kandi atinya ko ashobora gukatirwa, yeguye ku mwanya w’ubuperezida ku wa 9 Kanama 1974, umunsi umwe agejeje ijambo ku banyamerika abinyujije kuri televiziyo y’igihugu. Ntiyigeze yemera icyaha ariko yemeye ko yakoze amakosa mu

mitekerereze ye. 8. Zachary Taylor 1849 - 1850 Ikibazo cy’uburetwa nicyo cyafashe umwanya munini w’igihe gito cya Taylor ku buperezida bw’Amerika. Nubwo yari afite abagaragu, Taylor yasabye abari batuye intara za New Mexico na California gushyiraho amategeko arengera abagaragu, bagasaba ubwenegihugu. California ishyiraho itegeko nshinga ritemera uburetwa. Abanye California bararitora, hahita hajyaho Leta nshya mu Kuboza 1849 Congress itarayemerera. Bene wabo wa Taylor bo mu majyepgo y’Amerika baramurakariye cyane, bashaka kwigomeka. Taylor yakoranye ikiganiro gikarishye n’abayobozi b’amajyepfo bashakaga kwigomeka, ababwira ko nibiba ngombwa ko amategeko yubahirizwa, yifatira ubuyobozi bw’ingabo ku rugamba, kandi ababwira uzafatwa ahanganye na Leta ku rugamba azamumanika (hang), nkuko yamanitse abatorotse igisirikare na maneko muri Mexico.

7. John Tyler 1841 - 1845 Perezida Tyler ntabwo yigeze afatwa nka Perezida w’igihugu nyawe. Bamwe mu banyarwanda bamufata nka Pasteur Bizimungu. Abanyamerika bari bahanganye bwamwitaga “Acting President” (Perezida w’agateganyo) cyangwa se “His Accidency”. Tyler yatunguye abo bari bahuriye mu ishyaka rya Whigs bari muri Congres y’Amerika ubwo yangaga ko gahunda y’iryo shyaka ihita akoresheje veto. Yakoresheje kandi veto abuza ko National Banking Act ihita, bituma Leta ijya mu mayira abiri. Tyler yaje kwirukanwa mu ishyaka rya Whigs mu 1841, nyuma y’amezi make abaye Perezida. Mu 1843, nyuma yaho yangiye gutora icyitwa tariff bill, Inteko ishinga amategeko (House of Representatives) nibwo yatangiye gahunda yo kumukuraho icyizere. Bwari ubwa mbere mu mateka y’Amerika. Komite yari ikuriwe n’uwahoze ari Perezida, John Quincy Adams, yaje kwemeza ko Tyler yakoresheje nabi ububasha ahabwa n’amategeko bwa Veto, ariko motion yo kumuvanaho icyizere yo ntabwo yatambutse. 6. Millard Fillmore 1850 - 1853 Fillmore yabaye Perezida nyuma y’urupfu rutunguranye rwa Taylor, muri Nyakanga 1850. Impinduka mu buyobozi zatumye habaho impinduka muri politike yose y’ubutegetsi, kuko Fillmore yahise avanaho guverinoma yose ya Taylor, ayisimbuza abantu bari bazwiho ko baharanira ko uburetwa bugumaho. Fillmore yasinye itegeko ryitwa ‘The Fugitive Slave Act’ kugira ngo hatabaho ubwumvikane hagati y’abatuye amajyepfo bari bafite inyungu mu gutunga abagaragu n’abari batuye amajyaruguru (Northern Free-Soilers). Iryo tegeko rikaba ryarategekaga ko abagaragu basubizwa abahoze ari ba shebuja babo. 5. Ulysses S Grant 1869 - 1877 Grant yamenyekanye mu ruhando mpuzamahanga mu ntambara y’isubiranamo y’Amerika (American Civil War). Sikandali ya mbere yasize icyondo ubutegetsi bw’uwo mugabo, ni iyiswe Black Friday, bishatse kuvuga umunsi wa gatanu w’umukara. Black Friday ni crise yatewe no gukeka ku bijyanye na zahabu (gold-speculation financial crisis), yabaye muri Nzeli 1869. Iyo crise ikaba yaratangijwe na Jay Gould na James Fisk, bombi ba Wall Street. Abo bagabo bashatse kwifatira isoko ryose rya zahabu, bakoresha amayeri bumvisha Per-

ezida Grant ko agomba kubuza Minisitiri w’imari guhagarika iyo forode. Sikandali ikomeye yabaye whiskey Ring, yo mu 1875. Iyo sikandali yashyizwe ahagaragara na Minisitiri w’imari (Secretary of the treasury) Benjamin H. Bristow, aho imisoro irenga miliyoni eshatu z’amadolari y’Amerika zanyerejwe, hifashishijwe abakozi bakuru ba Leta ya Grant. Nubwo Grant atabonyeho kimwe cya cumi cy’ako kayabo kanyerejwe, ntabwo yahannye ibyegera bye byagaragayeho ibyaha na nyuma yaho urukiko rubigaragarije. 4. Andrew Johnson 1865 - 1869 Johnson yabaye Perezida asimbuye Abraham Lincoln, wari umaze kwicwa. Johnson yanze gusinya ‘Civil Rights bill’ ya mbere, avuga ko iryo tegeko riha uburinganire busesuye abirabura n’abera muri Amerika. Mu rwandiko yandikiye Guverineri w’intara ya Missouri, Johnson yagize ati: “iki ni igihugu cy’abera gusa kandi ku bw’Imana, kuva nkiri Perezida, Leta yanjye izaba iy’abera gusa.” Aba Repubulike bo muri Congress barushije ububasha veto ye (sena ku majwi 33.15, Inteko ku majwi 182.41), hanyuma Civil Rights bill iba itegeko. Nyuma yaho, Johnson yashatse kwirukana Edward Stanton ku mwanya wa Minisitiri ishinzwe intambara (Secretary of War), mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko agenga akazi (Tenure of Office Act). Johnson yaje gukurwaho icyizere (yabaye Perezida wa mbere w’Amerika ukuweho icyizere) ariko ijwi rimwe rivuga ko ari umwere. 3. Franklin Pierce 1853 - 1857 Amezi abiri mbere yuko aba Perezida, Pierce yabonye umwana we apfa mu mpanuka ya gari ya

mwoshi. Yabaye Perezida arushye mu mutwe cyane. Sikandali ya mbere mu butegetsi bwe ni iyiswe ‘Kansas- Nebraska Act’, yasimbuye ‘Missouri Compromise’. Iryo tegeko ryasubije ibubisi ikibazo cy’uburetwa muri Amerika, rinatera akaduruvayo kadasanzwe mu majyaruguru y’Amerika, katumye havuka ishyaka ry’Abarepubulike, ryigometse ku ishyaka rya Northern party, rifite gahunda imwe yo kwamagana iryo tegeko. Pierce ntabarwa mu baperezida b’Amerika bategetse nabi gusa, ahubwo afatwa nk’umunyepolitiki utarafataga ibyemezo, akanavugirwamo cyane. Kugeza ubu, Pierce niwe Perezida w’Amerika watowe wenyine utarongeye kugirirwa icyizere n’ishyaka rye ngo rimutorere kongera guhatanira manda ya kabiri. 2. James Buchanan 1857 - 1861 Mu ijambo rye amaze kurahirira kuba Perezida, Buchanan yavuze ko ikibazo cy’uburetwa ntacyo kivuze kuko urukiko rw’ikirenga ruri hafi kugikemura. Nyuma y’iminsi ibiri, Urukiko rw’ikirenga rwatangaje icyiswe ‘Dred Scott Decision’, rwemeza ko abirabura, baba abagaragu cyangwa se batari bo, batazapfa babaye abenegihugu b’Amerika kandi Congress nta bubasha yari ifite bwo kubuza uburetwa mu ntara zigize federal government. Abanyamerika benshi bemeje ko Perezida Buchanan yagize uruhare mu ifatwa ry’icyo cyemezo. Ubutegetsi bwa Buchanan kandi

bwajujubijwe n’icyiswe ‘Panic of 1857’- igihe ubukungu bw’Amerika bwazaharaga mu buryo butunguranye. Mbere yuko Buchanan ava ku buperezida, intara indwi zarigometse, zirigenga. Mu mwaka wa 2006, abanyamateka (historians) batoye kuba Buchanan yarananiwe guhangana n’ikibazo cy’intara zigometse nk’ikosa rya mbere rya Perezida w’Amerika mu mateka y’icyo gihugu. 1. Warren G Harding 1921 1923 Komeza kurup. 15

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aporo yakozwe n’umuryango w’abanyeshuri barokotse itsembabwoko ryabaye mu Rwanda mu 1994 ishobora guhindura byinshi kubyo twari tuzi ku itsembabwoko. Bimwe muri ibyo ni uko iyo raporo yemeza ko abazize itsembabwoko bagera kuri 1,952,078 (miliyoni imwe, ibihumbi magana icyenda na mirongo itanu na bibiri, n’abantu mirongo irindwi n’umunani). Buri uko amagambo ‘jenoside yo mu Rwanda’ yandikwaga cyangwa se yavugwaga mu itangazamakuru mpuzamahanga, hakurikiragaho ko iyo jenoside yahitanye abantu bakabakaba miliyoni imwe, mu gihe Leta y’u Rwanda yo yavugaga ko inzirakarengane zazize jenoside zirenga ho miliyoni imwe. None raporo ya mbere ikozwe kuri icyo kibazo, mu buryo buri systematic, iravuga ko abanyarwanda hafi cyane ya miliyoni ebyiri bahasize ubuzima. Uwo muryango, uzwi mu magambo ahinnye nka AERG, uvuga ko wageze kuri ayo makuru ukoze ubushakashatsi mu nzibutso z’itsembabwoko zigera kuri 390 n’andi marimbi ari hirya no hino mu gihugu. Iyo raporo yatewe inkunga na Leta ibinyujije muri minisiteri y’umuco na siporo, ikaba yarakozwe n’abantu bagera kuri 60,

No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008

Amakuru

Urup. 13

Raporo: Ibisigazwa by’abazize jenoside 97,567 ntibirashyingurwa mu turere 30 tugize igihugu. Ubwo bushakashatsi bukaba bwaratangiye gukorwa mu Kuboza 2007. Ikindi iyo raporo igaragaza, ni uko hari ibisigazwa by’abazize jenoside bagera kuri 97.567 (ibihumbi mirongo icyenda na birindwi, magana atanu na mirongo itandatu na birindwi bitarashyingurwa mu cyubahiro. Ku mubare w’abazize jenoside ariko, iyo raporo ntabwo ivugamo abantu bajugunywe mu biyaga, cyangwa se abatwitswe mu gihe cya jenoside. Iyo raporo ikomeza ivuga ko inzibutso za jenoside mu Rwanda zigera kuri 390, zikaba zarashyinguwemo ibisigazwa by’inzirakarengane zishwe muri jenoside zigera kuri 1,002,755 (miliyoni imwe, ibihumbi bibiri na magana arindwi na mirongo itanu na bitanu), naho ibindi bisigazwa bigera kuri 851,756 (ibihumbi magana inani na mirongo

Aya magufwa yarashyinguwe, arko hari andi nkayo atarashyingurwa itanu na kimwe na magana arindwi na mirongo itanu na bitanu bikaba byarashyinguwe mu marimbi atandukanye mu gihugu.

Mbere yuko iyo mibare yemerwa na Leta ikaba official reference ya Leta y’u Rwanda, izabanza isuzumwe n’abashakashatsi batan-

dukanye, ari nako inajyibwaho impaka, ndetse inasuzumwe n’inama y’abaminisitiri. Didas M. Gasana

Urup. 14

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No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008

IBIMBABAZA

Igitekerezo

na Charles B. KABONERO

u myanzuro y’inama y’Abaminisitiri yo mu cyumweru gishize, hajemo umwanzuro wavugishije abantu menshi. Ni umwanzuro wavugaga ko Leta igiye gushyira imbaraga nyinshi mu kwigisha icyongereza kuva hasi kugeza hejuru kugira ngo u Rwanda rube ku rwego rumwe n’ibindi bihugu bigize umuryango wa East African Community. Ababikurikiranira hafi bakaba barahise bumva icyo bivuga; gukuraho cyangwa guca igifaransa mu Rwanda. Ibyo kuri benshi byanagaragaye ko byari byamaze kwemezwa mbere y’iryo tangazo kuko no mu ndangamuntu nshya zatanzwe mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Nzeri, hakoreshejwemo indimi ebyiri gusa; ikinyarwanda n’icyongereza. U Rwanda ni igihugu mu bihe by’ubukoloni cyakoronijwe (Colonised ) n’igihugu kivuga igifaransa (u Bubiligi) ndetse n’u Bufaransa bwiyongereyeho nyuma y’ubwigenge. Ibi bihugu by’ibihangange byombi byakibohoje igihe kirekire kugeza ejobundi mu 1994. Bityo mbere y’intambara no gutsinda kwa RPF, mu mashuri, mu buzima bw’igihugu muri rusange, igifaransa nirwo rurimi rwakoreshejwe nkuko ahandi bakoreshaga icyongereza, igiportugal n’izindi ndimi bitewe n’ababakoronije. Nyuma ya 1994, Inkotanyi zimaze guhirika ingoma ya Habyarimana, ziganjemo ahanini (cyane cyane ubuyobozi) abanyarwanda bakuriye muri Uganda, Kenya, Tanzaniya n’ahandi bavugaga icyongereza, byabaye ngombwa ko izo ndimi zombi-igifaransa n’icyongereza zemezwa zigakoreshwa. By’akarusho ndetse, kuri Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda hashyizweho gahunda yo kwigisha indimi zombi ku banyeshuri bakinjira muri Kaminuza, bigatuma umwaka wa mbere bawurangiza biga izo ndimi kugira ngo bibafashe mu myigire yabo hejuru-u Rwanda ruba rubaye igihugu gikoresha indimi ebyiri, biramenyekana ku isi hose. Ibyo nubwo byatewe n’amateka y’u Rwanda, atari uko abanyarwanda babihisemo, si bibi-ni nayo mpamvu abanyarwanda benshi uretse abanyeshuri nabo babishyizemo umwete, abazi icyongereza batangira kwiga igifaransa, abakuriye muri system francophone nabo bihatira kwiga icyongereza. Abanyarwanda benshi bagaragaza ubushake bwo kuba ‘bilingual’. Kumenya indimi nyinshi ni bibi? Oya, ahubwo ni akarusho nkuko mu matangazo yo gutanga akazi babivuga. Kugeza ubu ariko nkuko natangiye mbivuga, nyuma yaho umubano w’u Rwanda n’u Bufaransa urushijeho kuba mubi, u Rwanda uretse kwanga u Bufaransa, n’ibindi bibukomokaho ntibyarokotse; ururimi rw’igifaransa ubanza arirwo rugezweho gucibwa mu Rwanda! Ibisobanuro by’itangazo ry’inama y’abaminisitiri rirabishimangira. Gushyira imbaraga mu cyongereza,

Rwanda: Guca igifaransa? Kuki? Inyungu ni izihe? Ibihombo?

Reforme ya kabiri: Theoneste Mutsindashyaka bivuze kuzivana mu gifaransa! Guca igifaransa? Kuki? Ikibazo cya mbere umuntu yakwibaza ni impamvu yo guca igifaransa. Kubera ko twagiranye ibibazo n’u Bufaransa? Hano byaba ari ikosa rikomeye kuko igifaransa n’abanyamerika barakivuga, mu Bwongereza barakiga. Ahubwo muri Afurika niho usanga abanyagihugu bavuga ururimi rumwe gusa, ku buryo ari akarusho ku Rwanda kuvugwa ko ari ‘Bilingual’, uko byaba byaraje kose, icyangombwa ni inyungu zibirimo. Inyungu ni izihe? Inyungu ya mbere ni uko kumenya indimi byoroshya ubuzima mu bucuruzi cyane cyane ‘communication’. Abanyarwanda benshi ubu baracuruza, bacuruzanya n’abaturage b’ahandi; Abashinwa, Aba-Esipanye, abahinde n’Abafaransa. Ababikora bamenye izo ndimi zose birabafasha. Kuba abanyarwanda benshi mu gihe kiri imbere baba bazi neza igifaransa n’icyongereza ntako bisa! Abanyarwanda benshi bashobora kujya kuri interineti bagasobanukirwa ibyanditswe mu ndimi zose, bagasoma ibinyamakuru byanditswe mu cyongereza n’igifaransa bose, byafasha mu kwihutisha iterambere. Uretse ibyo ariko, hari n’ukuri kw’uko abavuga igifaransa mu Rwanda kugeza ubu baruta abakoresha icyongereza! Nkuko abazi igifaransa neza bakamenya n’icyongereza baruta abazi icyongereza bakamenya no kuvuga igifaransa! Muri abo harimo igice kinini amateka y’iki gihugu yagizeho ingaruka kenshi nk’abacitse ku icumu rya jenoside, badakwiye kongera guhura n’inzindi ngaruka no kuba ururimi bakuriyemo rwata

agaciro mu Rwanda. Harimo kandi abahanga, abashakashatsi, abarimu muri za Kaminuza bakenewe cyane mu iterambere ry’igihugu. N’ibindi byinshi. Bymvikane ko ahubwo gukomeza gushyira imbaraga muri byombi aricyo kizima. Byafasha u Rwanda kuba ‘bilingual’ koko kuko ari ishema no gusarura ibyiza birimo nko mu bukerarugendo, ubucuruzi, politiki mpuzamahanga, ububanyi n’amahanga n’ibindi byumvikana kuri buri wese. Byafasha kandi mu kwirinda igihombo mu gupyinakaza ururimi rumwe muri izo ubu, birimo; gusubira inyuma mu iterambere no kuba abantu bariruhije iyi myaka 14 yose izo ndimi zombi zitezwa imbere. Nta n’uwakwirengagiza ko abakuze biga urwo rurimi byabatera n’ipfunwe nkaho ari icyaha, kandi burya no mu mico hari ibyiza bakuyemo bidakwiye kuzimangana, nubwo umujinya u Rwanda rufitiye igifaransa wakwumvikana ute! Kuba u Rwanda rwarinjiye mu muryan-

go w’ibihugu bigize akarere k’Afurika y’uburasirazuba, arirwo rufite abaturage bakoresha indimi ebyiri, ni ishema-rwabyiyambura? Kuki? Ni igihombo. Kuba rwakwinjira no mu muryango w’ibihugu byakoronijwe n’u Bwongereza (Common Wealth) wakira n’ibindi bihugu byujuje ibisabwa, ariko rukinjiramo rufite n’umwihariko w’indimi ebyiri, ni akarusho. Ibyo aribyo byose, gahunda yo ‘guca igifaransa mu Rwanda’, cyangwa ‘Kutagishyiramo ingufu’ abayishyize imbere bafite impamvu zabo zaba zinakomeye, ariko inyungu zo kugira abaturage bari ‘bilingual’ ntizishidikanywaho ku buryo kuzirengagiza cyane cyane biramutse bishingiye ku rwango rw’u Bufaransa gusa byaba ari kureba hafi muri politiki! [email protected] Tel: 08354880

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V

ision 2020 ni iki? Vision 2020 imaze iki? Vision “tuzagerayo ryari? Vision 2020 tuzagerayo dute? N’ibindi Ndifuza gusubiza ibi bibazo uko mbyumva ku giti cyanjye nuko nzabigenza kugira ngo ngereyo mbere y’icyo gihe (2020) Vision 2020 ni iki? Vision 2020 ni igihe buri munyarwanda azaba yaravuye mu bukene., akoresha amadorari 900 mu mwaka. Iyi mvugo y’amadorari 900 mu mwaka mbyumva ntya: ni amadorari 900 $x540 Frw=4860.000Frw. Umuryango w’abantu 10 mu rugo rumwe ni 4860.000x10= 4.860.000Frw. Ubu igisigaye ni ugushaka amafaranga buri muntu yakoresha buri munsi 4.860.000Frw: 12x30(amezi 12 x iminsi 30) =13.500 buri muryango kandi buri munsi. Aya mafaranga azaba ahagije? Yeee/oyaaa! Bizaterwa nuko ubuzima buzaba buhagaze icyo gihe muri 2020. Buhagaze nkuko buhagaze iki gihe mu Rwanda ni yeee. Buhagaze nkuko ubuzima buhagaze muri Zimbabwe ni oyaaa! Vision 2020 imaze iki? Vision 2020 ni igihe buri wese akwiye kwiha ngo azabe yarasezereye ubukene, utabigize utya waba udafite Vision (ni ukureba kure) gukora udafite “gahunda” ( work plan) ni ukugenda nk’impumyi. “Gahunda” ikwiye kuba S= Specific ………….iboneka M= Measurable …… .Ifatika A= Accessible……. .Ishoboka R= Realisable……. .Yihariye T= Timely …………Iziye igihe Utabigize utya si gahunda ni ukubaka ku musenyi. Tuzagerayo ryari? Abatazi igihe tuzagererayo ndabaha urugero rufatika rwakumvwa na buri wese uko ubwenge bungana: Ntange urugero rw’abantu basiganwa bava kuri Stade ya Nyamirambo batanguranwa kuri Stade Amahoro. Ntibazagererayo rimwe, bazagerayo mu byiciro binyuranye. Hari n’abatazagerayo! Ariko Vision 2020 irareba cyane cyane abo dukeka ko batagerayo. Burya mu masiganwa icy’ingenzi si ukugererayo rimwe, icy’ingenzi ni ugutinda ariko ntuhere. Tuzagerayo ryari? Abatazi igihe tuzagererayo ndabaha urugero rufatika rwakumvwa na buri wese uko ubwenge bungana: Ntange urugero rw’abantu basiganwa bava kuri Stade ya Nyamirambo batanguranwa kuri Stade Amahoro. Ntibazagererayo rimwe, bazagerayo mu byiciro binyuranye. Hari n’abatazagerayo! Ariko Vision 2020 irareba cyane cyane abo dukeka ko batagerayo. Burya mu masiganwa icy’ingenzi si ukugerarayo rimwe, icy’ingenzi ni ugutinda ariko ntuhere. Tuzagerayo dute? Ubu tuvuga, bamwe baraharenze, abandi bagezeyo. Abandi bageze munsi y’urugo

No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008

Igitekerezo

Urup. 15

Vision 2020 ni iki? Imaze iki? (2020) abandi bahageza amaso. Bamwe bararenga abandi bahinguka. Abandi barumva ingoma zivugirayo (2020) abandi baracyakururuka nk’amaguru y’umunyabinyoro! Kugirango mwumve neza abo bantu abo ari bo, reka nshyire mu byiciro abanyarwanda nkurikije imibereho barimo ubu: ABAHERWE: Abasagurira amasoko y’amahanga nka “Bill Gates” ABAKIRE : Abasagurira amasoko y’igihugu nka “Rujugiro” ABAKUNGU : Abihagije mu mago yabo gusa. Vision 2020 (abo ireba) ABAKENE : bari hasi y’idorari 1 ku munsi. ABATINDI : ba nyakabyizi ABATINDI NYAKUJYA : Abasabirizi. Mu by’ukuri nti: abaherwe mu Rwanda barimo. Ariko nka Rujugiro n’abandi nkawe tubita abaherwe mu Rwanda. Bill Gate navuze haruguru ni ku rwego rw’isi. Uru rutonde ntanze, ni urusobanura igihe tuzagerera kuri “Vision 2020 “ Abaherwe n’abakire baraharenze. Abakungu bariyo, abakene, abatindi, n’abatindi nyakujya nibo Vision 2020 ihanze amaso. Nabo ntibazagererayo rimwe. Ariko ntibibatangaze umutindi atanze umukene! Ibi byo bitangwa n’imikorere n’amahirwe atangwa n’Imana. Hari abakunze gukoresha imvugo zisesereza nk’izi: Uko bamwe barushaho gukira niko bamwe barushaho gukena. Bisobanura yuko abakire baryamira cyangwa banyunyuza abakene. Niba ntacyekeye ubusa ababivuga, ibi biba ku isi hose. “Ntabareshya, no mu ijuru bararutanwa: Abamarayika baruta abatagatifu: Abatagatifu bakarutanwa hagati yabo. Bikira Mariya aruta Petero mutagatifu, Petero mutagatifu akaruta abasigaye. Petero mutagatifu niwe ubitse urufunguzo rw’ijuru. Ndi umunyagaturika wemera amabwiriza mbwirizwa na Papa, udashobora kutuyobya igihe avuga mu izina rya Yezu Kiristu. Nabyumva, ntabyunva ni ihame. Yezu naza avuga ko Papa yanyobeje, Papa azirwarize. Bisa n’abakuru b’abasirikare ku rugamba. Umuyobozi wabo niwe ubazwa ibyabereye ku rugamba. Imana imbabarire ninjiye muri politiki itanzinduye. N’ibindi Banyarwanda, banyarwandakazi tuve mu bukene dute? Bikomeye, binoroshye: twatsinze urugamba rwo kwibohoza dute ? Kandi twarutsinze mu myaka ine gusa ,none urugamba rw’ubukene twaruhaye inda ya bukuru y’imyaka 26 (2020-1994)!!! Bugufi inshuro zirindwi (7x4)!!! Nibyo intambara y’amasasu ni “kama mbaya mbaya” ngo mbihishire. Iy’ubukene ni “kururu kururu”, igihugu cyashenywe n’intambara yagisize iheru heru, imyumvire mike y’abaturage(90% ntibajijutse!), gahunda za Leta zititabirwa neza n’abayobozi n’abayoborwa ! Ibi byose bigashingira ku bujiji ,ubukene n’indwara z’urudaca nka maraliya, Sida, igituntu n’izindi ntarondora ! Inama natanga: hari ibintu bine nasaba buri muturarwanda wese ngo yibohore ingoyi y’ubukene : Desire : ubushake Decision: Gahunda /ingamba zifatika

(Smart) Determination: Kwitanga wanatanga ubuzima ari ngombwa Discipline : Kudatezuka ku rugamba (ubutwari) Izi ngingo nanditse mu ndimi eshatu ndifuza yuko zumvikana neza kuko arizo zadufashije mu rugamba rw’amasasu. Nkasanga na none arizo zadufasha mu ntambara y’ubukene (vision 2020).Ibi si ibitekerezo bishya nungutse, Leta ibihoza kuri Radio n’ibinyamakuru binyuranye,ariko guhana ni uguhozaho. Tubiririmbe nk’uko turirimba “Yezu akuzwe », « Imana ishimwe ». Tugutendereze ni isengesho rya Data wa twese”. Izindi ngingo nagiraho inama abayobozi ni izi : PERSUATION:Guhendahenda TEACHING :Kwigisha COARTION :Gukanda /Guhana Ntarambiranye, iyi nyandiko ngufi ikubiyemo byinshi nifuza kuri twese na mwese. Ndasaba buri wese kwibuka amagmbo : SMART 4DS na P.T.Cni umuhanda utuyobora kuri “vision 2020”. Ikindi nasaba ni agahimbazamusyi ku banditsi n’abasomyi: Agahimbazamusyi si amafaranga nubwo nayo bishoboka yatangwa. Ni ikimenyetso cy’ishimwe (CERTIFICATE) nkuko nayihawe mu 1998: Ni ishimwe kuruta abahawe amafaranga, iyo “certificate “ ingeza aho ntakwigejeje ntayifite ;mu bibuga by’imikino n’ahandi

MINALOC: Protais Musoni ntabanje gutonda umurongo twinjira. Ikampesha icyicaro cy’ icyubahiro. Bisanzwe bikorwa ariko nongeyeho “abasomyi”bagaragara bashima cyagwa banenga (ariko batanga inama) y’ibyo basomye . Dusenge Mana yaturemye kugeza ubu butumwa ku biremwa byawe, kingura imitima yabo bakirane ishyaka ubu butumwa, ntibizabe mu mvugo gusa ahubwo mu bikorwa. Ibi mbisabye mu izina rya Kirisitu umwana wawe n’umwami wacu , no mu izina rya Mohamedi intumwa yawe Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha. Mzee Karemberei Claudiani Inyangamugayo ya MATIMBA/NYAGATARE

Urutonde rw’aba Perezida 10 b’Amerika bategetse nabi kurusha abandi Bikurikira urup. 12

Manda y’uyu mugabo yaranzwe na sikandali nsa nsa, zaba ize ku giti cye, zaba n’iza politiki. Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu (Secretary of the Interior) ku gihe cy’ubuperezida bwa Warren Harding witwa Albert B. Fall, niwe wabaye uwa mbere muri Presidential Cabinet wariye uburoko kubera uruhare rwe mu cyiswe ‘Teapot Dome affair’. Harding amaze gutorwa, yashyize inshuti ze bari bahuriye ku cyitwaga Ohio Gang, mu myanya ikomeye y’ubutegetsi, batabifitiye

ubushobozi. Bamwe muri izo nshuti ze bakoresheje imbaraga zabo kwiba akayabo k’amafaranga ya Leta. Mbabwire kandi ko, ku rutonde rw’umwimerere, Perezida William Harrison yaje ku mwanya wa gatanu mu ba perezida bategetse nabi kurusha abandi, ariko kubera ko manda ye yari ngufi cyane, ntabwo namushyize ku rutonde. Nanone kandi, Perezida James A Garfield yaje ku mwanya wa cyenda, ariko nawe kubera manda ye ngufi cyane (amezi atandatu), nawe ntabwo namushyize kuri uru rutonde. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Richard Nixon, wari kumwanya wa 11, aza ku mwanya wa 9, naho Calvin Coolidge, wari kumwanya wa 12, aza kumwanya wa 10. Perezida uriho ubu, George W. Bush aza ku mwanya wa 21 mu ba perezida babi bategetse nabi Amerika, agakurikirwa na Bill Clinton ku mwanya wa 22, naho Jimmy Carter akaza ku mwanya wa 14. Ubu bushakashatsi bwakozwe hifashishijwe amanota ya moyenne ya buri Perezida (average score of each president) mu bushakashatsi 12 (surveys) bwakozwe kuva 1948 kugeza 2005. Byakusanijwe na Didas M. Gasana

Urup. 16

No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008

Kwamamaza

Roto Plastic Tanks Ibigega bishya by’amazi Roto bikorwa muri Plastiki n’abahanga b’inzobere mu ikoranabuhanga ryo guhunika amazi. Iyo bavuze Ibigega Roto, jya wumva ikintu gikomeye, gihendutse, kandi gisukuye. Roto kandi ni ibigega bidakenera gukanikwa, biterekwa mu buryo bworoshye kandi biberanye n’ahantu hose. Ibigega Roto mu bigo by’amashuri, mu bikingi by’ubworozi, mu nganda no mu bitaro, ku nsogero z’amazu, ku mashantiye y’ubwubatsi, mu mago........ mbese ntaho Roto itakoreshwa. Niyo mpamvu Ibigega by’amazi Roto bikoze muri Plastiki bimaze kwamamara muri Afrika y’Iburasirazuba.