ishyamba rya Nyungwe. N'ubwo hariho abawga ko umwami wa mbere w'u Busozo akomoka mu Gisaka kandi akaba Umugesera, hari n'abandi bahamya ko yaje ari Umurundi akomoka mu Burundi. Ibyo ari byo byose u Busozo, kimwe n'u Bukunzi, bwagize abami babwo mbere y'uko Abatutsi bajya gutegeka mu Kinyaga (ubwo ni ku ngoma ya Kigeri ID Ndabarasa). Icyo gihugu na cyo cyari icy'abami b'abawbyi. Abo bami, kimwe n'ab'u Bukunzi, bohererezaga umwami w'u Rwanda abantu bo kuviba imwra, bakanohereza abagaragu n'abaja. Umwami w'u Rwanda na we akabaha inka n'ibindi. Umwami uherutse w'u Busozo ni Buhinga n. Yazunguye se Nyundo wapfuye mu wa 1904. U Busozo bwigaruriwe n'Ababiligibuyoborwa n'abasirikaribahakambitse bakanahategeka kuva mu wa 1925 kugera mu wa 1926, ari nabwo umwamiRuhinga n Ababiligibamukuye mu gihigu ke bakamucira ahandi. Kimwe n'u Bukunzi, u Busozo Ababiligibabugabiye Umututsi Rwagataraka, wategetse ibyo bihugu byombi nk'uwishyira akizana ariko buri gihe ashyigikiwen'Ababiligi.Nguko uko ubwami bw'u Busozo bwazimye, Abahutu bakimukira Abatutsi mu butegetsi. Mbere y'umwaka wa 1925, nta Mututsi wari utuye mu Bukunzi no mu Busozo.

UMUTWE WA ID

-

UBUTEGETSI BW ABAZUNGU (1899 1959) Ayo matariki dore icyo awga: 1899 ni ho Umudage Bethe (Bete) yabwiye umwami w'u Rwanda, Yuhi V Musinga ko Ubudage buzategeka u Rwanda bufatanyije n'umwami Musinga (protectorat). Naho 1959 ni intangiriro ya Revolisiyo ya rubanda, nyuma y'urupfu rw'umwami Mutara nI Rudahigwa n'ishyirwaho ry'umwamiKigeri V Ndahindurwa, warahiriye kuba umwami ugendera ku Itegekonshinga. Turareba muri make iby'igihecy'Abadage n'ubutegetsi bw'Ababiligi. 3.1. Ingoma ndage (1899-1916) 3.1.1. Uko binjiye mu Gihugu Umudage wa mbere wabonanye n'umwamiw'u Rwanda Kigeri IV Rwabugiri, ni Comte Von Gôtzen mu wa 1894 asanze umwami i Kageyo (KominiRamba) amuyoboweho na mwene Rwabugiri, Sharangabo yari akuye mu Buganza (Rwamagana). Nyuma y'aho Abadage bâkomeje kuzenguruka u Rwand~ bakora ubushakashatsi nka Kandt (bise Kanayoge) wabaye Rezida wa mbere w'umudage mu Rwanda, agataha umurwa wa Kigali mu wa 1908; abandi bahazaga baturutse i Bujumbura, bazanywe no gutanga umutekano w'abiwmbagatanya badashaka Musinga. Mu wa 1900 kandi ni ho Abapadiri ba mbere b'Abagatolika baje mu Rwanda. Ni abo mu muryango w'Abapadiri bera. Batashye i Save bawye kuhasaba ibwami. Abamisiyoneriba mbere b'Abaporoso baje mu Rwanda mu wa 1907 : ni abo mu itorero rya Luteri. Ni bo basbinze za Misiyoni zikurikira : Kirinda, Rubengera na Remera rya Rukoma. Bawye mu Rwanda mu wa 1916, bene wabo, Abadage baneshejwe n'Ababiligi mu Rwanda. Nyuma, Misiyoniyabo yaje kuvamo Itorero ry'Abaperesipiteriyani mu Rwanda. 3.1.2. Umupaka w'amaiyaruguru Mu mwaka wa 1910, i Buruseli mu Bubiligihabaye inarna yari irimo Abongereza, Abadage 31

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.

.

n'Ababiligi, ngo bagabane u Rwanda. Bahereye ku Kirunga cya Sabyinyo baca umurongo uzamutse ukagera ku Kiyaga kitiriwe Eduwaridi, umwami w'Abongereza, undi bawuca intambike bakurikije uko ibirunga biteye. Bityo u Bubiligi bwegukana igice kiri mu majyaruguru ya Kivu nka za Gishari na Bwishya; hari n'Ijwi. U Bwongereza bwegukana Bufumbira (mu wa 1928, bari bakivuga ngo ni u Rwanda rw'Abongereza). U Budage busigarana u Rwanda uko rumeze ubu. Uko gutera imirwi igihugu byababaje Musinga cyane ndetse n'Abatutsi bahategekaga. lkibazo cy'imipaka ni kirekire. Mu wa 1912, ni ho Komisiyo yo gutera imbago ku mipaka yarangije akazi. 3.1.3. Uko Abadage bakoranye na Musinga Politiki y'ingenzi y'imitegekere y'Abadage yabaye iyo gushyigikiraumwami w'u Rwanda n'abatware b'abatutsi. Ibyo bigafasha Abadage kuboneza politiki ya "Protectorat" ijyana n'ubutegetsi buziguye. Birumvikana, kuko Abadage bari mbarwa. Uko gushyigikira no kwanga "akajagari" byatumye abasirikare b'abadage bagaba ibitero hirya no hino byo guhosha imyivumbagatanyo yo kurwanya Musinga : mu wa 1902 bagabye igitero cyo kurwanya Rukura washakaga ubwigenge bwa Gisaka yifashishijeAbapadiri b'i Zaza; mu wa 1908-1909 bagabye igitero cyo guhashya Basebya; naho mu wa 1911-1912 bagaba igitero cyo kurwanya Ndungutse bafatanyije n'ingabo z'ibwami (Lt.Gudovius, ari we bwana Lazima na Rwubusisi). Mu wa 1910, Abadage bagabye igitero gikaze mu MurerAA(Ruhengeri)cyo guhorera Padiri Loupias, Umufaransa wari umaze kwicwa n'ingabo za Rukara rwa Bishingwe : uwo mupadiri yashakaga kuhashyigikiraubutegetsi bwa Musinga, akubitiraho no kwivanga mu by'Abarashib'indwanyi;kandi icyo gihe yari kumwe n'umugaragu we umutwaje imbunda, ashaka kuyitabaza, baramutanga. Mu wa 1914, hadutse intambara ya mbere y'isiyose. Abadage mu Rwanda bashyigikiwe na Musinga hamwe n'ingabo ze zoherejwe ku rugamba bisha na bisha; zitwaga "Indugaruga" zari zigizwe n'Abatutsi. Abaturage bo, uruhare rwabo rwabaye urwo kwikorera imitwaro no gutanga ibiribwa. Mu wa 1916 (Kamena), Abadage bari bayobowe na Kapiteni Wintgens (bwana Tembasi) bakuyemo akabo karenge, bahunga Ababiligibabarushaga ubwinshi, kandi bari bunganiwe n'Abongereza. Ng'uko uko bavuye mu Rwanda. Musinga yarinze apfa agikumbuye Abadage. 3.2. Ingoma mbiligi (1916-1959) Urebye mu rwego rwa politiki, Ababiligi ahaninini bo bahaye u Rwanda isura rwaserukanye igihe cy'ubwigenge. Ariko hari n'uruhare rw'umulyango w'ibihugu ari wo IlSociété Des Nations" (SND) kimwe n'urw'abatware b'abatutsi. Ubutegetsi bwabo bwagize ibyiciro bitatu : icya mbere ni ubutegetsi bwa gisirikari (occupation militaire) 1916-1926; icya kabiri ni ubutegetsi bw'indagizo busesuye (mandat) 1926-1949; icya gatatu ni ubutegetsi bw'indagizo bucagase (tutelle) 1949-1962. Dusuzume bimwe mu byabaye kuva 1916 kugera 1959 : uko binjiye mu Rwanda, uko bakoranye n'umwami n'Abatutsi n'uruhare rw'Abazungu mu kibazo cy'amoko. 3.2.1. Uko Ababiligi biniiye mu Rwanda (1916) Baje barwanya Abadage mu ntambara ya mbere y'isiyose. Bari bayoboye abasirikare benshi b'Abanyekongo bari baremye ingabo zitwa "Force Publique". Binjiye muri Kigali muri Kamena 1916. Abadage bari bayobowe na Kapiteni Wintgens (Tembasi) babonye ko bo ari bake, ko kandi bagiye kugwa mu rukubo, barahunga bagana iya Tanganyika n'u Burundi. Kuva 1916 kugeza mu wa 1925, u Rwanda kimwe n'u Burundi rwagize ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare bucungwa n'Ababiligi. Ariko mu mwaka wa 1919, umuryango w'ibihugu (Société Des Nations ou SDN) waragije u Bubiligi ibihugu 32

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by'u Rwanda n'u Burundi. Babikomatanyiriza hamwe byitwa Ruanda-Urundi, biba nk'intara imwe. Mu wa 1925, ni ho Inama ishinga amategeko y'u Bubiligi ifashe icyemezo, ishyiraho itegeko rigira Ruanda-Urundi nk'imwe mu ntara za Kongo mbiligiariko Ruanda-Urundi ikagira akantu k'umwihariko. 3.2.2. Uko bakoranye n'ubwami Mu ntangiro, Ababiligi babanje kwishishaMusinga kandi na we ni uko. Mu wa 1917, bashyizeho "Rezidansi"y'uRwanda. Hategekaga Major Declerk (Dekeleriki). U Rwanda ubwo rwaciwemo segiteri eshatu muri uwo mwaka; ariko guhera 1921, barucamo teritwari : teritwari y'uburengerazuba umurwa uba Rubengera, teritwari y'amajyaruguruumurwa uba Ruhengeri na teritwari ya Nyanza umurwa uba Nyanza na teritwari y'iburasirazubaumurwa uba Kigali. Ibyo bice by'ubutaka byari bigamije korohereza ubutegetsi, cyane cyane ibyerekeye gushaka ibyangombwank'ibiryo. Mu wa 1919, ni ho Ababiligi bashyizeho intara zibumbiye hamwe kandi zagombye gushingwa umutware basangaga akize kurusha abandi (ni ubukire ku nka no ku bagaragu). Ubundi umusozi umwe washoboraga kuba utegekwa n'abatware benshi. Izo ntara ziganaga buke imitegekere ya Rwabugiri (Musinga we na Kanjogera bari baraciye igihugu mo uduce twinshi bakigaba kugira ngo bagwize abayoboke). Kuva mu wa 1917 kugeza 1931, Ababiligi batangiye kugongana n'ubutegetsi bwa cyami; kugira ngo bisanzure mu butegetsi bwa gikolonize bagiye barandura buhoro buhoro ibishyitsiby'ubwami mu ntera zikurikira :

-

1917 : umwami bamwambuye uburenganzira bwo kwica. Musinga na Kanjogera bumvise ko bibarangiranye. Musinga yagize ati "ubwo ntagishoboye kwica abantu uko nshaka, sinkiri umwami". - 1917 : uwo mwaka kandi ni bwo Rezida, Major Declerk ategetse Musinga gusinya iteka riha buri Munyarwanda uburenganzira bwo kuyoboka idiniyishakiye.Abahungukiye cyane ni ba Misiyoneri b'Abagatolika. -1922 : bamwatse ububasha mu bucamanza : Musinga yari azi ko ari "Nyamugirubutangwa" (Mutavuguruzwa mu byemezo). Ababiligi bemeye ko mu murimo we wo guca imanza, azunganirwa n'umuzungu uhagarariye Rezida. -1923 : bamugabanyirije ububasha bwo kugaba imisozi. Muri uwo mwaka bamubujije gushyiraho abatware mu gihugu no kubanyaga uko ashaka : abatware b'intara na bo ntibashoboraga gushyiraho abasushefu bitabanje kunyura kuri Rezida. -1925 : ubwiru bwavanyweho kimwe n'umuganura. Kimwe mu byo ubwiru bwari bushinzwe ni ukuboneza umuhango w'umuganura. Muri uwo mwaka, adiminisitarateriwa Nyanza yafashe icyemezo cyo "guca" Gashamura umutware w'Abiru, amucira i Gitega (Burundi). Bamuzizaga ko yari afite uruhare mu mitegekere no mu mibanirey'ibwamin'Abazungu. Mgr Classe na we uwo mugambi wo kwigizayo Gashamura yari awurimo. Rwampungu, umuhungu wa Gashamura, bahise bamushyira mu ishuri riyoborwa n'Umubiligi,bityo "ubwiru" burazima kuko bari babuciye umutwe. Na Bandora wari umupfumu n'umujyanama w'ibwami, Ababiligibamwirukanye ibwami. Nguko uko ibishyitsiby'ubwami byaranduwe, Musinga na Kanjogera bakabura amaboko yari abafatiye runini mu butegetsi bwabo, mbese basigara ari abami ku izina. Icyari gisigaye ni ukubikiza na bo ubwabo : mu wa 1926, ubwami bwarakendereye, nta ngufu bwari bufite. Mu wa 1931, umwami Yuhi Musinga na nyina Kanjogera baciriwe i Kamembe, bava ku butegetsi, Ababiligi babifashijwemo na Mgr Classe, bashyiraho Rudahigwa; ndetse baramwiyimikira, bamwita Mutara 33

(bakurikije inarna zluwo musenyeri). Rudahigwa bwakeye atangaza icyo bise "Iriwze umwami": ngo abantu bose bazayoboke za misiyoni; ari byo kuwga ngo bazayoboke Abapadiri. 3.3.3. Iwgurura ry'ubutegetsi (1926 - 1930). Iryo wgurura ryakuyeho abatware batatu bari basanzwe bategeka ahantu hamwe.Abo batware ni aba: "umutware w'ubutaka": yakoreshaga amakoro y'ibihingwa n'ibiva mu myuga; yari umutware w'Abahutu, akaburanisha n' ibyerekeye amasambu; .

.

"umutware w'umukenke" : yakoreshaga amakoro y'ibikomoka ku nka; yakebaga ibikingi akanabitanga, abiha ufite inka zirenze eshanu. Bene uwo mutunzi yabazwaga imirimo ya gitutsi kabone n'aho yaba Umuhutu. Umutware w'umukenke nta bubasha yari afite bwo kuburanisha; "umutware w'ingabo" : yabazwaga ibyerekeye itabaro n1imanzazerekeye ibikingi, n'izindi mparnw zashoboraga kuboneka hagati y'imiryango. Icyitonderwa : habagaho ubwo umuntu umwe akomatanya imirimo ibiri. Dore ingero : Rwabirinda rwa Rwogera yari umutware w'ubutaka n'umutware w'umukenke mu Mpara (Kinyaga); umuhutu Ndongozi se wa Basomingera na we yari abumbyeiyo mirimo yombi mu Bwanacyambwe. 3.3.J .1. Iwgururwa ry'ubutegetsi rya Rezida Mortehan (1926) Iryo wgurura ryakuyeho abo batware batatu bari bafite ubutegetsi hirya no hino mu gihugu (nka Gasharnura yategekaga igice cy'u Bumbogo, icy'uBuriza, icy'i Gisaka n'ibindi). Urwego rw'igiti (district) rwabaye nk'urusimburwa na Teritwari, urw' igikingi rusimburwa na za Susheferi. Hagati y'izo nzego zombi, Rezida Mortehan yunzemo urwego rwa Sheferi rutari rufite urundi rusa na rwo mu butegetsi bwa cyami. 3.3.3.2. Inkurikizi z'iryo wgururwa

-Imirimo y'ubutaka n'iy'inka yeguriwe umutware umwe rukumbi.

Bene uwo mutware yahise agira ubutegetsi buremereye kandi bubumbiye hamwe : ni ubutegetsi bukomeye muri politiki no mu cyubahiro. Umutware yafashe intera nshyashya. - Abahutu batwaraga baburiyemo,ubutegetsi busigara bwihariwe ahanini n'Abatutsi. Twibuke ko "igiti" ari ko kuwga urwego rw'ubutegetsi rwari rugamije kwaka amakoro y'ibwami rwihariwe n'Abatutsi hafi ya bose. Abanyazwe barakennye cyane. Abahutu bakora akazi cyane ngo batunge Abatutsi bafitanye isanq n'abo batware.

- Uburyobwa kera bwo kwitabazaumutwarew'ingabocgundi mu

by'imanzabwarazimiye.

- Ubuhake bwongereye umurego : umutware mushya yagize uburyo bwo kubona abagaragu bashya, baturutse ahanini ku bashaka gusonerwa mu "kazi". Abagaragu baturutse kuri icyo gitugu cya politiki ya gikolonize, bakomeje kwiyongera. - Amashuli n'ubutegetsi bw'abakarani byatumye shefu na sushefu bakomera muri ubwo butegetsi bwa gikolonize. Akenshi kandi abatware bashya bari bafite icyizere cyo kuzararnba mu butegetsi: icyari ngombwa kwari ukumenya amayeriyo guhakirizwa ku bazungu, ari aba Leta, ari na ba Misiyoneri. 34

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3.3.3.3. Gahunda ya politiki ya Guverineri Voisin (1930)

-Guhamishaho no gushyigikira ubutegetsi busanzwe mu Rwanda, mu

gihe butabangamiye

amabwiriza ya kijyambere.

- Kugenzuracyaneubwo butegetsikugirangobudakabyamu - Kunyagano gusimburaabatwarebadashoboye,bagasimbuzwa bwumvikanetuza twagiranyen'umwamiburi gihe.

byerekeyeuburetwan'amakoro. abakandidabatanzweku

- Kubumbira hamwe intara z'ubutegetsi, ku buryo ibikingibiri intage byatunganywa, bikegeranywa bitegekwa n'umuntu umwe. Abategetsi b'abazungu bagomba kwicengezamo igitekerezo ko nta bufatanye bw'abategetsi kavukire, ubutegetsi bwa kinyamahanga bwagera aho bukabura imbaraga kandi bugasatirwa n'akajagari ko kutagira ubutegetsi. Mu by'ukuri, iyo gahunda nta kintu gishya yongeye ku mabwiriza yari yaratanzwe mbere kuva mu wa 1926. Icyakora yarushijeho gushimangira ubutegetsi bushingiye ku bafasha bo mu bwoko bumwe : Abatutsi. Kuba abatware boroheje b'Abahutu baravanyweho n'Ababiligi, ibyo byabaye no mu Burundi.

,

3.3. Uruhare rw'Abazungu mu kibazo cy'amoko 3.3.1. Abadage Abadage bakurikiranye amoko y'Abanyarwanda n'ubutegetsi bwabo, bakunze kwemeza ko Abatutsi ari bo bari bafite umwanya ugaragara mu butegetsi. Habonetse ariko abasanze mu duhugu tw'amajyaruguru, ubutegetsi bwa buri munsi bwari buri mu maboko y'Abahutu. Ibyo ari byo byose, icyo ubutegetsi bwabo bwa gikolonize bwari bugamije, ni ukubona abategetsi kavukire babunganira : abo batoranyije ni Abatutsi. Ibyo bigatuma bakabiriza imbaraga z'ubutegetsi bwa Musinga, bahamya ko bugera ku mipaka yose y'u Rwanda, ndetse ko uturere twose tumwumvira. Ibyo byakunze kugaragara muri za raporo zabo. Dore urugero rw'umurongo wa politiki y'ubutegetsi buziguye : bwana Bethe we yavuze ko ngo n'ubwo hariho ibikorwa n'ibimenyetsobigaragaza igitugu n'ugukandamizwa kw'Abahutu, nta kuntu Abadage batakwifuza ko ubwo butegetsi bw'Abatutsi buhamaho; kuko ngo abaturage bari benshi. Agacishiriza ko ngo abaturage b'u Rwanda bageze kuri miliyoni ebyiri. Umumaro w'Abazungu uzarushaho kugaragara vuba nibifashishaubwoko butegeka; ari nako bwumvira nta shiti umutegetsi wabwo, umwami. IcyashishikajeAbadage si uguhita barenganura uwarengaI}agauwo ariwe wese, ahubwo bari bahimbajwe no gukorana na Musinga. Rezida Kandt (Kanayoge) yashyigikiyebigaragara abatware b'Abatutsi. Musinga nawe yanyuzwe n'iyo politiki, ndetse mu ntambara ya mbere y'isi, yandikiye abategetsi b'Abadage bari mu Rwanda ngo bazamushyikirize "Abahutu" bo mu Bushiru nibaramuka badatunganyije ibyangombwa byo gushyigikira ingabo z'Abadage. Abadage ntibakurikiranye ikibazo cyo kurenganura amoko yarenganye. 3.3.2. Ababiligi Mu mwaka wa 1920, Minisitiri wa za Koloni mbiligi,ari we Ludoviko Franck, yategetse ko Ababiligi muri Ruanda-Urundi bagomba gukurikiza politiki y'ubutegetsi buziguye (ni ubwifashisha abategetsi kavukire, ntibwivange mu baturage). Yemeje ko byanze bikunze bagomba kwifashisha Abatutsi. 35

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Iyo politiki y'irondakoko yashyizwe mu bikorwa ku buryo bubiri: mu mashuri no mu butegetsi (administration). 3.3.2.1. Mu rwego rw'amashuli Amashuli ya Leta yari agenewe Abatutsi akenshi bawgaga ko ari abana b'abatware. Mu wa 1919, bashinze ishuli rya Leta i Nyanza, bategeka Musinga kuryoherezamo abahungu be. Ryari rigenewe abana b'abatware. Mu bya 1920-1923, bongeyeho'andi mashuli ya Leta mu rwego rw'amashuli abanza : Ruhengeri, Gatsibo, Rukira, Cyangugu. Mu wa 1929, abanyeshuri b'Abatutsi bari muri ayo mashuri uko ari atanu bari 969. Iyo mirerwa yamaraga kubona inyigisho z'indobanure, igakwirakwizwa mu gihugu hose, ari mu butegetsi, ari mu bukarani, ari mu bwarimu. Amashuli y' Abapadiri bera : amashuli ya Leta agenewe Abatutsi yunganiwe n'amashuli ya za Misiyoni zimwe na zimwe : Abatutsi bigiraga ukwabo kandi bagahabwa inyigisho zihariye. Aho ni oka Save, Kansi, Kigali. Ibyo byakurikizaga amabwirizaya Mgr Classe.

Ishulirya Il GroupeScolairey'Astrida"(Butare): ryariishuliriyoborwan'Abafurere b'Abashariti, ariko rikarihirwa na Leta. Ubutegetsi bwa Leta bwararishyigikiyecyane, kuko ryanategekwaga na bene wabo. Benshi mu bize muri iryo shuri ryisumbuye, bari Abatutsi. Imibare , iragaragaza ubusumbane bw'amoko muri iryo shuli. Kuva mu wa 1932, ari na wo amasomo yatangiyemo, kugeza mu wa 1962, iryo shuli ryinjiwemon' Abanyarwanda bangana batya : Abatutsi 850 = 37,7%; Abahutu 295 = 13,0 %; abandi Banyarwanda batandikishije ubwoko 120 = 5,3 %; Abanyarwanda bose hamwe ni 1265 = 56,0 %; abasigaye 985 (44 %) ni Abarundi n'ab'ahandi ok'Ababiligi, Abanyekongo, Abagereki, Abaganda, Abahindi.

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IMBONERAHAMWE N°2 ABANYARWANDA BEMEREWE KWIGA MUR! "GROUPE SCOLAIRE D'ASTRIDA" (ISHULI RY'INDATWA) 1932-1962. Ubwoko -

Abatutsi

Abahutu

28 11 16 8 14 17 19 20 25 15 21 23 25 29 27 26 43 43 35 52 33 40 37 50 40 42 26 .13 14 58 850

1 0 6 0 2 3 6 11 6 10 2 3 4 2 1 4 3 6 9 18 7 8 10 26 17 12 18 5 30 65 295

Abatandi kishije ubwoko 0 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 1 0 0 0 2 19 33 19 1 120

Umwaka 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949

- 1950

1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957/58 1958/59 1959/60 1960/61 1961/62 Iiteranvo

"

Bose hamwe 29 11 22 35 16 20 25 31 32 25 24 26 30 31 28 30 46 49 44 85 40 49 47 76 57 56 63 51 63 124 1265

Abo twakuye iyo mibare : Jean Marie VianneyRuterana, Le Groupe Scolaire de Butare (1929-1962). Mém. Lie., Histoire, UNR, Ruhengeri, 1987, p.129.

37

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l

ABANYARWANDA BEMEREWE BURI MYAKA CUMI (GROUPE SCOLAIRE ASTRIDA)

Ubwoko

Abatutsi

Abahutu

Abatanditsweho ubwoko

Bose hamwe

Ijanisha

Umwaka 1932-42 * 1943-52 1953-62 * 1935

186 336 320 8

% 79,15 82,2 54,6 22,85

850

67,2

47 57 191 0

% 20,0 13,9 32,6 0,0

295

23,3

2. 16 75 27

% 0,85 3,9 12,8 77,15

235 409 586 35

% 100 100 100 100

120

9,5

1265

100

" Bose hamwe

* Icyitonderwa : umwaka wa 1935 twawushyize ukwawo, kuko witaruye bikabije iyindi myaka. Nta wuzi icyatumye ubwoko (Abatutsi, Abahutu, Abatwa) butandikwa nko mu yindi myaka, ahubwo abatarangwaho ubwoko akaba ari bo benshi ku buryo bukabije mbere ya 1959. Abanyarwanda barangizaga muri " Groupe Scolaire y'Astrida" bahitaga babona akazi muri Leta. Kubera ko bari imirerwa y'Ababiligi,biswe kandi na bo bakundaga kwiyita "Indatwa". 3.3.2.2. Mu butegetsi Dore ingero z'icyo bise" Tutsisation". Mu Bushiru, Ababiligibashyigikiye abatware b'abatutsi ba mbere mll'gutura muri icyo gihugu. Mu wa 1925 ni ho Nyangezi, Umututsi w'umuha, yatangiye gutegeka u Bushiru n'u Bwanamwari ashyigikiwen'Ababiligin'Abapadiri bera b'i Rambura. Muri uwo mwaka niho umwami w'u Bushiru Nyamakwa n'uwa Bwanamwari Rukaburacumu bavanywe ku butegetsi. Nahandi nka Buhoma-Buhanga, Rwankeri, Murera, Kibari, Bukonya. Uwabigizemo uruhare cyane ni bwana Borgers (Longolongo), Adiminisitarateri wa Ruhengeri. Aho hose hashyizwe abatware b'Abatutsi. Mu Bumbogo, umwami w'aho wa nyuma kandi wari ukaze, Nyamurasa (Umuhutu wo mu Bega) yavanyweho n'Ababiligi,bwana Borgers na Sandrart, mu wa 1928. Bamuciriye i Cyangugu. Kuva ubwo, Abatsobe bahabwa rugari, n'ubwo bari basanzwe baragabiwe na Musinga. Mu Busigi muri Byumba, umuhinza wa nyuma, Nyamikenke, yanyazwe n'Ababiligi mu wa 1924. Habaye "occupation militaire"y'Ababiligimu Bukunzi (1924-1925) no mu Busozo (1925-1926), abami baho basimbuzwa Rwagataraka, Umwega w'umwakagara. Iyo politiki yatumye ubusumbane bw'amoko bukomera. 38

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