Week 5: Review (vowels, stress placement) T. Kamiyama, Université de Marne-la-Vallée 2007-2008
The vowels of English
Vowels • 1. heat /hi!t/
• 9. hood /h&d/
• 17. heart /h(!t/
• 2. hit /h"t/
• 10. who /hu!/
• 18. tour /t&%/
• 3. hate /he"t/ e"
• 11. hut /h't/
• 19. hire /ha"%/
• 4. head /hed/
• 12. height /ha"t/ a" • 20. hour /a&%/
• 5. hat /hæt/
• 13. how /ha&/ a&
• 6. hot /h#t/
• 14. ahoy /!"h$"/ • 22. ahoy /%"h#$/
• 21. hurt /h)!t/
• 7. hawed /h$!d/ $! • 15. here /h"%/ Kelly (2000) 6/11/2007 T. Kamiyama
LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
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•6/11/2007 8. hoe /h%&/ T. Kamiyama
• 16. hair /he%/
LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
P. Ladefoged
4
ahoy : inter (oldfashion sailors to g attention or
Which vowels do not occur at the end of a word without a coda (final) consonant?
Full vowels • • • •
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LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
Kelly (2000)5
LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
6
• French: the last syllable in the rhythm group is longer.
Acoustic correlates of stressed syllables? How are they different from unstressed syllables? • Louder • Longer • Full vowel • Pitch: pitch movements often start at the stressed syllable. LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
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Cf. In other languages?
Stressed and unstressed syllables
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Long vowels Short vowels Diphthongs (Triphthongs)
• Italian: the accented syllable is longer. • Tokyo Japanese: fall in/after an ‘accented’ syllable. • Cantonese: 6 different tones. 7
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LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
8
Weak vowels /! i $ u/ 1. /!/
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Weak vowels /! i $ u/ 1. /!/
9 Roach (1991)
LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
6/11/2007 T. Kamiyama
Weak vowels /! i $ u/ 2. /i/: ‘happY’ vowel
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LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
Roach (1991) 11
LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
Roach (1991) 10
Weak vowels /! i $ u/ 3. /$/
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LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
Roach (1991) 12
Weak vowels /! i $ u/ 4. /u/ 5. Stress placement and suffixes
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LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
Roach (1991) 13
Suffixes and stress placement 1: Suffixes themselves are stressed Mainly, borrowings from French
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LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
Dauer (1993) 15
Suffixes and stress placement 2: Stress falls on the syllable immediately before the suffixe (1)
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LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
Dauer 16 (1993)
Suffixes and stress placement 2: Stress falls on the syllable immediately before the suffixe (2)
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LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
Suffixes and stress placement 2: Stress falls on the syllable immediately before the suffixe (3)
Dauer (1993) 17
Suffixes and stress placement 3: Stress falls two syllables before the suffixe
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LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
Suffixes and stress placement 4: Important exceptions
Dauer (1993) 6/11/2007 T. Kamiyama
LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
Dauer (1993) 18
19
Dauer (1993) 6/11/2007 T. Kamiyama
LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
20
Stress in compound words 6. Stress placement in compound words Stress on the first or second morpheme (word)?
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Noun + noun
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LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
Roach (1991)22
Adjective + -ed
Roach (1991)23
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LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
Roach (1991)24
Number + s.th.
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LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
Adverbs
Roach (1991)25
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Verbs
LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
Roach (1991)26
Variable stress I
• The stress tends to move forward when followed by a word starting with a stressed syllable.
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LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
Roach (1991)27
6/11/2007 T. Kamiyama
LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
Roach (1991)28
Variable stress II 7. Stress placement: word-class pairs
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LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
Roach (1991)29
Noun or adjective / verb pairs
Noun or adjective / verb pairs
• There are several dozen pairs of two-syllable words with identical spelling which differ from each other in stress placement, apparently according to word class (noun, verb or adjective). All appear to consist of prefix + stem. • Noun or adjective: 'O o • Verb: o 'O 6/11/2007 T. Kamiyama
LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
Roach (1991) 31
6/11/2007 T. Kamiyama
LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 5
Roach (1991)32
Noun or adjective / verb pairs
End of Week 5 Week 6: The consonants in detail I (voicing and aspiration)
(release of word-final consonants, coarticulation). T. Kamiyama ... beginning of the following words in French: ⢠/kaf/ (« CAF ») .... Speech sounds tend to be influenced by the speech ... A vowel or liquid that is adjacent to a nasal tends to be
Consonant: the airstream is blocked completely or incompletely at a given point in the vocal tract. Some consonants are accompanied by voicing. Vowels and ...
When you pronounce /f/ /s/ /v/ /z/, what happens at the following 3 levels: initiation, ... Transcribe the following words i) phonemically (broad transcription, ...
Assimilation of place III. ⢠Assimilation can also sometimes operate in the other direction: that is, a consonant can assimilate to the place of articulation of the ...
LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 1. 3. General instructions ... to join the mailing list of the course: ... (foreign) language teaching and learning.
All appear to consist of prefix + stem. ⢠Noun or adjective: 'O o. ⢠Verb: o 'O. Roach (1991). 7/04/2008 T. Kamiyama. LLCM20AN English Phonetics 2007-2008 ...
4/02/2008 T. Kamiyama. LLCM20AN English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 2. 3 ... OoOoOo. ⢠But it is not always the case: ⢠OOO ... It is not easy to define. ⢠But the ...
Dialects: varieties distinguished from each other by differences of grammar and ..... very rapid /d/), as in Spanish 'pero'. ⢠[] is observed typically after a stressed.
/r/ can not occur in syllable-final position in RP. ⢠But when a word's spelling suggests a final /r/, and a word beginning with a vowel follows, the.
The Great English Divide. In Europe ... English. Sanz learned fast, and by senior year he outscored most of ... international language of business, finance, and ...
Prepare your paragraph. ⢠cross: traverser. ⢠woods: bois. ⢠walk deep into: s'enfoncer dans (en marchant). ⢠sunlight: lumière du soleil. ⢠block the sun: masquer ...
Exercise 1: choose the best word from those given to complete each of the sentences which follow. Enthusiastic â confused â cross â thrilled â depressed ...
You are in the same group as the first semester. ... participation, etc., depending on the TD instructor. ⢠Contrôle ..... They are connected with neighbouring words.
How many vowels are there? â No-one knows exactly. â We do know, however, that human ears can distinguish about 40 vowel heights and 5-30 degrees of ...
U.S., taken apart, shipped across the Atlantic Ocean in crates, and rebuilt in the. U.S. It was France's gift to the American people. It all started at dinner one night ...
There is no egg in eggplant nor ham in hamburger; neither apple nor pine in pineapple. English muffins weren't invented in England .We take English for.
the intonation phrase. ⢠The pitch change or pitch movement for the nuclear tone (fall, rise, etc.) begins. 31/03/2008 T. Kamiyama. LLCM40AN English Phonetics ...
