Vowels and consonants? - articulatory characteristics Vowels

2. PLACE of articulation. • Place where the airstream is blocked. (completely ... LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4. 22. • Voiceless. • (Inter-)dental.
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LLCM30ES English Phonetics

0. Vowels and consonants?

Week 4: Review (vowels and consonants) T. Kamiyama, Université de Marne-la-Vallée 2007-2008

Vowels and consonants? - articulatory characteristics

Vowels and consonants? - acoustic characteristics

• Vowel: the airstream flows out (relatively) freely, without a major obstacle in the vocal tract. It is usually accompanied by voicing.

• Vowel: greater energy, amplitude.

• Consonant: the airstream is blocked completely or incompletely at a given point in the vocal tract. Some consonants are accompanied by voicing.

• -> demonstration: oscillogram and spectrogram. What do they LOOK like?

23/10/2007 T. Kamiyama

LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

• Consonant: smaller energy, amplitude.

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LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

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!

p

!

Vowels and consonants? - perceptual characteristics • Vowel: louder. • Consonant: less loud.

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!

Wells & House (1995)5

LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

p

23/10/2007 T. Kamiyama

LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

! 1. Classification of consonants: voice, place, manner

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Wells & House (1995)7

LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

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English Consonants - how can we classify them?

English Consonants - how can we classify them? Three main properties:

• VOICE • PLACE of articulation • MANNER of articulation 23/10/2007 T. Kamiyama

LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

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LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

10 Kelly (2000)

English Consonants - how can we classify them?

1. VOICE • Presence or absence of vocal fold vibration. • Absence -> VOICELESS (or UNVOICED) consonants • Presence -> VOICED consonants

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LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

VOICELESS

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23/10/2007 T. Kamiyama

VOICED

LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

12 Kelly (2000)

Places of articulation

2. PLACE of articulation • Place where the airstream is blocked (completely or incompletely).

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LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

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LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

14 Kelly (2000)

Places of articulation: summary 3. MANNER of articulation • How and to what extent the airstream is blocked (completely, incompletely).

(interdental)

folds 23/10/2007 T. Kamiyama

LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

Kelly (2000)15

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LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

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Manners of articulation: summary

Manners of articulation

(or stop) Complete closure

(lateral approximant)

Incomplete 23/10/2007 T. Kamiyama closure

LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

17 Kelly (2000)

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LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

Kelly (2000)18

folds

2. The consonants of English Review exercise of transcription

• Voiceless • Palato-alveolar (post-alveolar) • Affricate /t"!"t"/ /#ne$t"%/ 23/10/2007 T. Kamiyama

LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

Kelly (2000)

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• Voiced • Palato-alveolar (post-alveolar) • Affricate

• Voiceless • (Inter-)dental • Fricative /$$(k/

/d%*d%/

/b&"$/

/#l&"d%%/ 23/10/2007 T. Kamiyama

LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

Kelly (2000)

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• Voiced • (Inter-)dental • Fricative

Wells & House (1995)

Kelly (2000)

Wells & House (1995)

Kelly (2000)

LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

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/h%#l%'/

/be$#/ 23/10/2007 T. Kamiyama

23/10/2007 T. Kamiyama

• Voiceless • Glottal • Fricative

/#$s/ /#f&"#%/

/)mæ$#mæt$ks/

/b$#ha$nd/ Wells & House (1995)

LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

Kelly (2000)

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LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

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• Voiced • Velar • Nasal

• Voiced • Palato-alveolar (post-alveolar) • Approximant

/s$&/ /s$&k/

/red/

/#s$&$&/ /#s$&k$&/ 23/10/2007 T. Kamiyama

/#h*ri/ Wells & House (1995)

LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

Kelly (2000)

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23/10/2007 T. Kamiyama

Wells & House (1995)

LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

Other symbols used for French consonants • /'/ Voiced / voiceless uvular fricative (approximant): /'a'/, /+a'a,/, /t'wa/, /d'wa/, /ka'/

3. The Cardinal Vowels

• /(/ Voiced palatal nasal: /a(o/, /k&-pa(/, /a(.s/ (cf. /nj.s/)

and French vowels

• /)/ Voiced labial-palatal approximant (semiconsonant or semi-vowel): /)it//, /s)it/ 23/10/2007 T. Kamiyama

LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

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Kelly (2000)

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Cardinal Vowels

Cardinal Vowels: the three axes

• Daniel Jones (1881-1967): born in London, learned phonetics from Paul Passy, professor of phonetics at Sorbonne.

• 1. Close Open (High Low) Low • 2. Front Back

• References to describe all the possible vowels in the world’s languages.

• 3. Unrounded / Rounded

• Primary and secondary cardinal vowels. 23/10/2007 T. Kamiyama

tractsyn 29

LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

Primary Cardinal Vowels FRONT CLOSE

u No.8

No.1 falf-close, or close-mid

e No.2

falf-open, or open-mid

o No.7 * No.3

OPEN 23/10/2007 T. Kamiyama

+ No.4

No.6

• Catford 198831

LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

FRONT CLOSE

i No.1

half-close, or close-mid

e No.2

! No.5

a

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LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

Primary Cardinal Vowels

BACK

i

23/10/2007 T. Kamiyama

half-open, or open-mid

BACK ROUNDED u No.8 UNROUNDED

o No.7

* No.3

OPEN 23/10/2007 T. Kamiyama

+ ! No.5

a No.4

No.6

• Catford 198832

LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

Secondary Cardinal Vowels y No.9 ROUNDED

No.17 1

0

2 No.18

UNROUNDED

/*4/ /œ4/

No.14

No.11

,

saint brin

No.13 No.12

• Catford 1988

LLCM30ES English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4

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nasales

/u/ sous

/e/ /ø/ ses

ceux

/*/ /œ/ mi-ouvertes

23/10/2007 T. Kamiyama

postérieures

su

brun

légendes!: non arrondies arrondies

-

centrales

/i/ /y/

mi-fermées

.

œ

fermées

si

No.15

No.10

23/10/2007 T. Kamiyama

No.16

/

ø

• Catford?

The vowels of French antérieures

sait

ouvertes

/o/ /+4/

/3/

sot

/+/

ce

sœur

/a/ sa

son

sort

/!/

/!4/

pâte

sans

patteEnglish Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 4 LLCM30ES

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