Superconducting Quantum. Interference Device (SQUID). â High sensitivity to ... Higher frequency â shorter wavelength. In most standard Integrated Circuits:.
•Electric current flowing through any conductor produces a circulating magnetic field around it. 1
Magnetic Sensor
•
Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) – High sensitivity to weak currents at a long working distance – Best for packaged devices and opens defects
Bz
2
Space Domain Reflectometry (SDR) Principle of SDR Continuous-wave RF signal is pumped into defective trace Open defect acts as an “open” reflection boundary (similar to TDR) RF signal vanishes at the open location Magma images the RF signal in 2D RF image is overlaid with optical/CAD info for accurate failure localization
3
Standing wave concept λ
open boundary
incident+reflected
Z0
x
transmitted=0
to RF generator
↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ N AN N AN N SDR injects RF signal into defective trace Open defect acts as an open boundary, reflecting back all RF power Superposition of incident and reflected waves forms a standing wave At the open defect standing wave forms a Node
4
Impedance of open defect 2
ܼ݊݁
ܴ ܴ߱ ܥ = + ݅ 1 + ሺܴ߱ ܥሻ2 1 + ሺܴ߱ ܥሻ2
Open can be modeled as resistor R in parallel with capacitor C SDR injects RF signal ranging from 60 MHz to 200 MHz Depending on ωRC product, Zopen may be predominantly resistive or capacitive Typical cracked solder bump with R = 1MΩ and C = 1fF at ߱ = 100MHz yields ωRC ≈ 1, making Zopen in MΩ Ω range 5
Reflection coefficient ߁
ܼ ݊݁− ܼ0 2ܼ0 ߁= ≈1− =1 ܼ ݊݁+ ܼ0 ܼ݊݁ Z0 ~ 50Ω is the trace characteristic impedance Zopen ~ MΩ is the open lumped element impedance Z0
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Scanning Acoustic Microscopy usually used for detection of delamination extended for new applications: ⢠Detection of delaminated balls. ⢠Detection of cracks.
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