Marmesonet Cruise R/V Le Suroit
Leg I Cruise Report November 4th – November 25th, 2009 Chief scientists: Louis Géli (Ifremer), Pierre Henry (CEREGE), Namık Çagatay (ITU)
Table of content SUMMARY.............................................................................................................................................................. 3 I.
Extended summary in French ........................................................................................................ 5 I.1
Rappel des objectifs ...................................................................................................................... 5
I.2
Mouillage de BOB ........................................................................................................................... 5
I.3
EM‐302: Cartographie de la distribution des bulles ....................................................... 6
I.4
EM302: Bathymétrie avec profils serrés.............................................................................. 8
I.5
AUV....................................................................................................................................................... 8
I.6
Flux de chaleur ................................................................................................................................ 9
I.7
Carottages, prélèvements de fluides...................................................................................... 9
II.
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................10
III.
AUV Dives.................................................................................................................................................12
III.1
AUV technical description ........................................................................................................12
III.2
General overview of AUV Dives .............................................................................................14
III.3
AUV Dives description ...............................................................................................................16
IV.
Bubble OBservation Module – BOB...............................................................................................54
V.
Acoustic mapping of water column with shipboard EM302 MB system......................55 V.1
Background – EM302 Description........................................................................................55
V.2
Geographical distribution of gas emissions......................................................................56
VI.
Bathymetric coverage using EM302 multibeam echosounder.........................................58
VII. Heat Flow .................................................................................................................................................59 VII.1
Heat flow measurements..........................................................................................................59
VIII. Coring and sampling............................................................................................................................64 IX.
OBS deployments..................................................................................................................................71
X.
Shipboard chirp data...........................................................................................................................74
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Appendixes A1. Participants list A2. Log of Operations A3. List of core samples A4. Sediment core shear strength by Torvane readings A5. List of processed shipboard CHIRP profiles A6. List of CTDs A7. Core acquisition sheets A7. Heat flow acquisition sheets A8. Report of OBS and piezometers recovery with R/V Yunus
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SUMMARY The MARMESONET cruise is part of the Marmara Demonstration Mission Program supported by ESONET Network of Excellence (European Seafloor Observatory Network), within the 6th European Framework Programme. Main partners are: Ifremer, CNRS/CEREGE, Istanbul Technical University, TUBITAK, Institute of Marine Science and Technology of Dokuz Eylül Universitesi (Izmir), INGV (Rom) and ISMAR (Bologna). Marmesonet is also the follow-on of the Franco-Turk collaborative programme that resulted in numerous cruises in the Sea of Marmara since 2000. The objectives of the MARMESONET cruise were: 1) to study the relationship between fluids and seismicity along the Sea of Marmara fault system ; 2) to carryout site surveys prior to the implementation of permanent seafloor observatories in the Marmara Sea through ESONET. The cruise is divided in 2 parts: Leg I (from november 4th to november 25th, 2009), mainly dedicated to: i) the high resolution bathymetry at potential sites of interest for future permanent instrumentation using the Autonomous Unmanned Vehicle (AUV)Asterx of Ifremer/Insu ; ii) the systematic mapping of the gas emissions sites on the Marmara seafloor ; iii) the deployment of the Bubble Observatory Module (BOB) in the Çinarçik basin. Leg II (from november 28th november to december 14th, 2009), for 3D, High Resolution Seismic imagery of the fluid conduits below the observatory site planned at the Western High. The present report only concerns Leg I. A total of 19 dives were completed during Leg I: 16 with the multibeam echosounder SIMRAD EM2000 (200 kHz), among which 12 were successful and 4 failed ;3 with the CHIRP sédiment penetrator (1 test dive and 2 operational, both were unfortunately with early stop recording). Main results are: The absence of recent, visible deformation on the segment south of Istanbul. Wether or not this segment is locked or creeping remains an open question. The site south of Istanbul thus requires a massive effort to assess the deformation, particularly through submarine geodesy and piezometry. The plausible presence of a 4 km, right-lateral offset on the Western High, between N30 oriented structures related to cold seeps. Gas emission sites aresystematically related tozones of High reflectivity mapped on the AUV imagery AUV imagery reveals the traces of intensive, human activity, which shows the necessity to ensure the security of the future cables by enforcing a clearance area Last but not least, the exact position of the future observatories is now established, at the Central High and at the Western High sites.
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Some chirp profiles suggest that the 1912 earthquake probably extended up to the Western High, but not the fault is not visible on all of them. Further work is needed. The SIMRAD EM-302 multibeam echosounder was used to map the water column, providing a complete coverage ofslopes foot and ofthe central shear zone. Results require further analysis to establish the correlation between acoustic anomalies and active faults, as gas emissions appear to be a common feature in the the Sea of Marmara. A noticeable feature is the important gas emission activity along the base of thewestern of slope of the Tekirdag Basin, suggesting that the gas réservoirs from the Thrace Basin are presently leaking out into the Sea of Marmara. In addition, shipboard CHIRP data were collected along with EM-302. 23 cores were taken (13 with gravity corer, 3 with Küllenberg and 7 with interface corers). A total of 24 additional heat flow measurementswere also collected. Finally, 2 OBSs were deployed to complete the coverage of the OBSs dropped with R/V Urania in september 2009. The assistance of the Turkish Coast Guard largely contributed to the success of the operation. We greatly acknowledge the Coast Guard, as well as SHOD, the Department for Hydrography and Oceanography of Turkey, who made the cruise possible in a heavy trafic area. The captain, Jean-René Gléhen, and all crew members of R/V Le Suroit, are also greatly acknowledged.
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I.
Extended summary in French
La campagne constitue l’une des missions de démonstration soutenues par ESONET. Elle résulte d’un partenariat entre l’Ifremer, le CNRS, l’INSU, l’Université Technique d’Istanbul, l’Institut des Sciences Marines d’Izmir, le CNR-ISMAR (Bologne) et l’INGV (Rome). La plupart des objectifs du premier leg de la campagne Marmesonet, du 4 au 25 novembre 2009, ont été atteints, grâce à trois facteurs principaux: i) la météo exceptionnellement favorable ; ii) la bienveillance des garde-côtes de la Marine Turque ; iii) le professionnalisme des équipes (équipage et sédentaires). I.1
Rappel des objectifs
Les objectifs de MARMESONET sont: i) d’étudier les relations entre la sismicité et les manifestations d’expulsion de fluides observées le long du trajet des failles en Mer de Marmara ; ii) de réaliser des études de site et des tests préalables à l’implantation d’observatoires sous-marins permanents pluri-disciplinaires en Mer de Marmara dans le cadre du Réseau d’Excellence ESONET (European Seafloor Observatory Network). En résumé, les actions réalisées au cours du Leg I sont: i) la détection systématique des sorties de fluides par EM302 ; ii) la couverture micro-bathymétrie des sites à l’aide de l’AUV Asterx et iii) l’installation d’une station de détection acoustique des bulles (BOB). L’objectif du Leg II sera l’imagerie fine par sismique HR 3D des conduits empruntés par les fluides jusqu’à la surface des sédiments. I.2
Mouillage de BOB
Le détecteur acoustique de bulles a été mis à l’eau par 1200 m de profondeur, dans un champ de bulles qui avait été exploré et échantillonné avec le Nautile pendant la campagne Marnaut.Ce site test a été choisi en fonction de plusieurs critères: i) le fond de mer y est quasiment plat ; ii) il est situé à la terminaison ouest de la faille d’Ismit, dans une zone encore affectée par de la déformation post-sismique associée au séisme d’Izmit de 1999 ; iii) un piézomètre et un OBS y ont été déployés pour mesurer la sismicité et les variations de pression associées à la déformation. Il sera donc possible de tenter de corréler ces mesures physiques et les observations acoustiques du BOB. La mise à l’eau du BOB s’est effectuée correctement le 7 novembre, à la deuxième tentative. Les interrogations après la mise à l'eau ont confirmé la mise en route du système et le lancement de la séquence. Des problèmes de transmission acoustique ont cependant empêché de contrôler la taille des fichiers enregistrés, lors des différentes visites de contrôle effectuées dans les 48 heures après le déploiement.Nous serons fixés lorsque l’engin sera récupéré, le 13 décembre prochain.
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I.3
EM-302: Cartographie de la distribution des bulles
L’imagerie de la colonne d’eau a donné un tour inattendu à la campagne, avec des résultats qui dépassent largement nos espérances. Bien qu’installé quelques jours avant la mission, l’EM-302 a parfaitement fonctionné, sans panne, de manière continue. L'interface SIS, permettant de visualiser la bathymétrie et l’imagerie avec la navigation, est très fonctionnel. Un écran de rejeu en temps réel permet aussi de visualiser les échos dans la colonne d’eau.Pendant la campagne, une procédure manuelle a été adoptée, avec un observateur de quart chargé de détecter les échos sur l’écran, puis de les reporter à la main dansle logiciel Casino (lequel enregistre la position du navire au moment où l’observation est faite). La visualisation 3D des données peut être ensuite réalisée en phase de post-traitement à partir du logiciel Movies. Les animations 3D obtenues permettent de voir comment les sorties de gaz s’agencent dans l’espace, les unes par rapport aux autres. Les données nouvelles montrent que la corrélation entre failles et sorties de gaz n’est pas aussi simple que l’on pensait. D’une manière générale, les sorties de gaz apparaissent sur les bords des bassins, au sommet des anticlinaux et le long des failles, actives ou inactives, notamment dans la bande de cisaillement, large de 5 à 10 km où s’est concentrée la déformation depuis l’ouverture de la Mer de Marmara.Au pied du talus de la marge bordière du bassin de Thrace, on observe de très nombreuses sorties de gaz, qui suggèrent que les réservoirs gaziers (dont certains sont en exploitation) ont probablement tendance à fuir par des conduits associés à d’anciennes failles, aujourd’hui inactives.
Figure I.1: A droite, écran de contrôle montrant la réponse de la colonne d’eau à une impulsion (27–33 kHz, 288 faisceaux, 1°x2°, 2 or 5 ms de longueur d’impulsion) du sondeur Simrad EM-302. A gauche, visualisation en temps réel de la couverture bathymétrique et de l’imagerie produite par le sondeur. Zone montrée: haut ouest en Mer de Marmara.
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Figure I.2: Distribution géographique des sorties de gaz en Mer de Marmara. Chaque sortie de gaz détectée avec l’EM-302 est indiquée par un triangle mauve reporté sur la route du navire. Les sorties de gaz ont des caractéristiques (volume, intensité de l’écho) différentes, mais un seul symbole a été utilisé, sans discrimination, pour la présente analyse préliminaire.
Figure I.3: Image 3D des panaches de bulles, produite par Carla Scalabrin à partir des données “colonne d’eau” de l’EM-302 et du logiciel Movies
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I.4
EM302: Bathymétrie avec profils serrés
Le jeu de données constitue un excellent test pour l’EM302 nouvellement acquis. L’objectif de la campagne étant la « chasse aux bulles » (détection acoustique des sorties de gaz), nous avons effectué des levés extrêmement serrés (espacement 0,4 mN) afin de ne garder que les faisceaux centraux, pour éviter le bruit lié aux lobes secondaires. Après divers essais, nous avons décidé de ne pas utiliser le mode « dual », plus bruité lorsqu’il s’agit de distinguer les échos provenant de la colonne d’eau. Les quelques tests effectués à bord montrent qu’il devrait être possible d’améliorerla résolution de la carte bathymétrique existante, dont le pas de grille est à 38 m. Dans les zones couvertes par l’EM302, on devrait pouvoir arriver à une carte à une résolution de 10 m, voire mieux dans certains cas. I.5
AUV
En tout, 19 plongées ont été effectuées: 16 plongées avec le sondeur multifaisceaux EM2000 (12 réussies, 4 défaillantes) ; 3 plongées avec le sondeur de sédiments CHIRP (1 de test, 2 opérationnelles avec malheureusement une fin d’enregistrement précoce). Les données de bathymétrie et imagerie haute résolution obtenues avec l’EM2000 permettent de préciser le contexte structural des futurs sites d’implantation des observatoires sous-marins en Mer de Marmara, à une échelle intermédiaire entrecelle de l’EM300 (campagne Marmara du Suroit, en 2000) et l’échelle visuelle du ROV (campagne Marmarascarps de l’Atalante, en 2002). Les résultats principaux obtenus avec le sondeur multifaisceaux de l’AUV sont: l’absence de déformation récente visible au niveau du segment situé au sud d’Istanbul, qui n’a pas cassé depuis au moins 1766. La question fondamentale sur la nature de segment reste donc posée: s’agit-il d’un segment bloqué ou se déformant lentement (« creeping segment ») ? Pour répondre à cette question, dont dépend l’évaluation du risque sismique dans la région d’Istanbul, des capteurs de déformation (équivalentes au GPS à terre) devront être installés sur l’observatoire sous-marin qui sera placé au sud d’Istanbul. Au niveau du haut ouest, des orientations structurales orientées N30 et associées à des sorties de fluides semblent avoir été affectées par un décalage dextre de l’ordre de 4 km. Ceci tend à confirmer que ce décalage est relativement récent et que la faille nord-anatolienne en Mer de Marmara, dans son tracé actuel, aurait commencé à jouer il y a à peine quelques centaines de milliers d’années) L’imagerie de l’AUV et l’imagerie de la colonne d’eau par EM302, montrent la corrélation systématique entre zones de forte réflectivité et suintements froids (sites d’émission de fluides ou gaz). L’imagerie AUV montre que le fond de mer est lacéré de traces d’activité humaine (traits de câbles, etc), ce qui confirme la nécessité d’avoir un trajet sécurisé pour les câbles reliant les observatoires sous-marins à la terre.
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Enfin et surtout, la position exacte des futurs observatoires sous-marins est désormais établie: sur le haut ouest (où des gaz hydrates ont été découverts en 2007 lors de la campagne MarNaut) et sur le haut central (au sud d’Istanbul). Les données CHIRP acquises avec l’AUV sont d’une qualité exceptionnelle, qui fait amèrement regretter l’arrêt prématuré de l’enregistrement pour chacune des 2 plongées opérationnelles. Les données de la plongée 18 suggèrent que la rupture de 1912 a sans doute atteint le bassin situé à la terminaison occidentale du Haut Ouest. Celles de la plongée 19, permettent de réévaluer, avec une précision inégalée, les taux de subsidence et de sédimentation dans la partie orientale du Bassin de Çinarçik. Elles permettent aussi de confirmer que la faille E-W, décrochante avec composante normale, qui traverse le Bassin de Cinarçik est bien active. I.6
Flux de chaleur
En tout, 24 mesures de flux de chaleur ont été effectuées, pour compléter les données acquises durant la campagne MarNaut. La modélisation du jeu de données désormais disponible devrait permettre de contraindre l’évolution tectonique et la subsidence des bassins. I.7
Carottages, prélèvements de fluides
En tout, 23 prélèvements ont été effectués: 3 Kuhlenberg, 7 Ronanberg et 13 carottes gravité. Les carottages d’interface (par Ronanberg), ainsi que 5 carottes gravité seront laissés à l’Université Technique d’Istanbul pour des études de paléo-sismicité. Des séismo-turbidites, probablement associées au séisme de 1912, apparaissent clairement sur une des carottes d’interface prélevées à l’ouest du Bassin de Tekirdag, au voisinage du coude de Ganos.Les autres carottes (8 gravité et 3 Kuhlenberg), ainsi que les prélèvements de fluides interstitiels effectués, seront expédiés pour analyse à GM.
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II.
Introduction
The Marmesonet cruise is part of the demonstration mission project (called MARMARA-DM) conducted with support of theEuropean Seafloor Observatory Network (ESONET) Network of Excellence, which aims at demonstrating the relevance of Seafloor Observatories for monitoring geohazards in the Marmara Region. The specific objectives of the MARMESONET cruise are to study the relationship between fluids and seismicity along the Sea of Marmara fault system and to carryout site surveys prior to the implementation of permanent, multi-disciplinary seafloor observatories in 3 key areas of the Sea of Marmara fault system: i) the eastern edge of the Çınarcık Basin, near the termination of the 1999 earthquake rupture ; ii) the Central High and the Siliviri-Çekmece fault segment, which constitutes a part of the seismic gap in the Marmara Sea, to the southwest of Istanbul ; iii) the Western High, where gas hydrates and hydrocarbons were discovered seeping out from the sea bottom. The Marmesonet cruise of R/V Le Suroit is divided in 2 parts: Leg I (nov 4th – nov 25th, 2009): 1. To deploy an AUV to finely map the micro-bathymetry at specific sites near the fault zone. 2. To detect acoustic anomalies from the water column over the whole Sea of Marmara, using the shipboard EM-300 multibeam echosounder; 3. To deploy of an autonomous gas bubble detector in the Çinarçik Basin at the beginning of the cruise and recovery at the end. 4. To collect sediment cores (gravity and interface cores) at distributed sites in the Sea of Marmara Leg II (nov 27th – december 14th 2009), aims at collecting high-resolution 3D seismic lines, on a 4 x 10 km2 box on the Western High, where cold seps and gas hydrates were discovered in 2007 during the MarNaut cruise (Box 3). The Marmesonet cruise, within the MARMARA-DM project, is the follow-on of the FrancoTurk collaborative programme that resulted in numerous cruises in the Sea of Marmara since 2000. The main partners are: Istanbul Technical University, TUBITAK, IMTS (Izmir), INGV (Rom) and ISMAR (Bologna). Scientists of MTA and KOERI (Turkey) also participated to the cruise. Two other naval operations are also conducted as parts of the Marmara-DM project: 1. The Marmara-2009 cruise of the Italian R/V Urania, from September 22 to October 10th, 2009, which deployed additional scientific equipment (SN-4, Ocean Bottom Seismometers and piezometers) on the seafloor 2. a cruise with R/V Piri Reis of DEU/IMST (University of Izmir) will also conduct High Resolution Seismics, in march or april 2010.
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The Marmara-DM project aims at addressing two major questions which are both of critical importance for designing the future seafloor observatories that will be implemented in the Sea of Marmara: 1. Can crustal strain be inferred from seafloor monitoring of fluid parameters? To address this question, we have decided that, for the 2009 demonstration mission, we should concentrate most instrument deployments on the Cinarcik area because it offers the best opportunity to relate fluid parameters with strain. Indeed, the Eastern Cinarcik area has persistent crustal microseismicity, including one cluster localized immediately beneath the zone were gas seeps are observed. Analysis of GPS data showed that the 1999 Izmit earthquake has an important post-seismic motion, corresponding to 50% of plate motion 6 years after the earthquake (Ergintav et al., 2009). It is also suggested by this study that the Cinarcik basin is affected by aseismic slip on faults resulting in extension rates of the order of 10-7 yr-1 (if averaged over the basin width) not accounted for by interseismic loading models. This strain could cause detectable pore pressure drift in the sediment (in the 100 – 1000 Pa/yr range) and even larger perturbations may be produced if strain is localized and/or transient. Pore pressure monitoring in boreholes in Nankai subduction recorded secular variations of several kPa/yr for strain rates of the order of 10-6 Year-1 and short term transients of more than 100 kPa associated with aseismic slip events on the main subduction plane (Davis et al., 2006). The piezometers deployed with R/V Urania are much shorter than ODP Corks, and thus signals will presumably be smaller. However, observations of microseismicity and strain suggest that the Eastern part of Cinarcik is an excellent site to investigate the consequences of deformation occurring at the crustal level on seafloor fluid expulsion and pore pressure. 2. Is there an hydrogeologic connection between some gas seeps and the seismogenic zone of the North Anatolian fault ? There are two other areas of high interest for future monitoring where this question can be addressed: (1) a site located in the seismic gap immediately south of Istanbul were intense bubbling is observed on a structural high 200-1 km south of the main fault trace, while no evidence of fluid expulsion is found on the fault itself. (2) The Western High site, where oil and gas seeps from the Thace basin were found and sampled during the MarNaut cruise. At this site, our first objective will be to investigate by 3D seismic imaging whether the gas migration conduits are connected to the main fault or form an independent system. A latter site is also proposed for AUV investigations during the present Marmesonet cuise. This site is located on the NE edge of Tekirdag basin where 3He/4He ratio indicates that 70% of the helium is of mantle origin and where deep crustal seismicity is observed. Combined geochemical sampling and monitoring of gas flux and microseismicity will be highly valuable at this site to investigate the hydrogeologic connection between gas seeps and the seismogenic zone.
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III. AUV Dives III.1 AUV technical description The AUV represents the ideal tool linking visual observations (of scale < 1 m) from ROVs or Submersible and bathymetric data) from shipboard multibeam systems (of scale of a few tens of m. The Ifremer/Insu Autonomous Unmanned Vehicle (AUV) Asterx that was used during the Marmesonet cruise has the following main characteristics: length of 4.5 m,weight of 800kg, autonomy with payload of 60 km, maximum working depth 2500m, and a survey speed of ~3knots over relatively flat seafloor. The AUV back section contains all the basic vehicle equipment (thruster, doppler velocity loch, two localization beacons, GPS, and radio antenna for surface telemetry). The middle section (main hull) contains all the electronic systems, alongside eight lithium Ion batteries and one safety lead battery. The front is mainly dedicated to external payload systems that can be one among the three following options: i) EM-2000 for High-Resolution Bathymetric mapping ; ii) Simrad EK60 for sonar (38 kHz) detection of gas bubbles in the water column ; iii) Chirp sub-bottom profiler. The SIMRAD EM2000 multibeam echosounder, operated at 200 kHz, includes 3 components: a processor unit (integrated into main hull and linked to the payload control computer through the vehicle network), an emitter and a receiver (both installed in the front section). The receiver comprises 111 individual receivers arranged over a 120° angle. The AUV is capable of flying at a fixed distance above the seafloor, so mapping coverage is function of the selected altitude. During the Marmesonet Cruise, the AUV was operated at 50 to 70 m altitude, allowing a swath width of 150-200 m. The AUV navigation is controlled by a Photonic Inertial Navigation System (PHINS) developed by iXsea, which delivers heading and attitude information, as well as position and speed. The core of PHINS is an inertial measurement unit which consists in three high class Fiber Optic Gyroscopes (FOG) and three high precision pendulum-typeaccelerometers. PHINS can improve its accuracy,using a Kalman filter, designed to merge information from acoustic positioning system (Ultra Short Base Line), Doppler Velocity Log (DVL) and depth sensor with inertial data. Acoustic position system use acoustic transponder and compute position by triangulation. DVL are based on Doppler shift of acoustic waves reflecting on the seabed. The position drift with velocity aiding is 3 m per hour at 2 knots after calibration of the DVL. Heading error is less than 0.02 deg sécant latitude, roll and pitch errors are less than 0.01 degree. In pure inertial mode, the position drift is less than 3 m is 100 seconds and less than 0.6 nautic miles per hours. Hence the availabilty of a DVL fix in pure inertial mode reduces most of the position error. Hence, the operating mode during the Marmesonet includes two calibration phases before each dive: i) for calibrating the inertial unit, R/V Le Suroit completed 4 routes (5 minutes at 3 knots), along each side of a square with AUV onboard ; ii) calibration of the DVL was obtained by performing2 routes back with the AUV near the on flat seafloor. The MIMOSA software (MIssion Management fOr Subsea Autonomous vehicles) was used at each step of the dive: - preparation of dives - programmation and validation of dives - real time display of ship and AUV navigation - vehicle and payload data management
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Figure III.1.1: Main characteristics and schematic design ofIfremer/INSU AUV Asterx
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III.2 General overview of AUV Dives A total of 18 AUV dives were performed during the Marmesonet Cruise, Leg I. The Simrad multibeam echosounder EM-2000 (200 kHz) was used for dives 1 to 16. Dives 1, 3,4 and 5 were unsucessful, due to unexplained failures of the EM2000 payload. The chirp sediment profiler was used for Dives 17 to 19. Dive 17 was a test dive, dedicated to check the equipment after the change in payload, from EM2000 to Chirp sub-bottom profiler. Dives 18 and 19 provided truncated datasets, as the Chirp stopped recording after 2.5 hours and 5 hours respectively.
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Fig. III.2.1 Distribution of AUV Dives completed during the Marmesonet-Leg I cruise.
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III.3 AUV Dives description
Cruise: Marmesonet Chiefs Scientists: Louis Géli & Pierre Henry
AUV work Operation number: 36/01 – MET01 Dive 1
Date and time of AUV in water 5/11/09 8:23 Date and time of AUV on board 5/11/09 16:15
Dive Objectives: Micro bathymetry of Nautile Dive 1659 site, for preparing the deployment of BOB (Acoustic Bubble Observatory) near gaz émission site. Zone: South Cinarcik Watch Scientist on watch: Céline Grall 8-12 Watch Scientist on watch: Alain Normand 12-16 Watch Scientist on watch: Charline Guérin 16-20 Hour and coordinates of AUV when reaching bottom Hour: 9:41 - Latitude: - Longitude: - Water Depth:
AUV operators: - Xavier Placaud - Yann Houard - Olivier Fauvin
Depths explored during Dive - Minimum:- Maximum:
Work achieved during Dive Hours on bottom: 5h02 Distance covered with AUV: 25 km Maximum Immersion: 1208 m Payload: MULTIBEAM/IMAGERY SYSTEM SIMRAD EM2000 Altitude over seafloor: 70 m Comments: No recording. Reason unknown. Two hypothesis: failure in multibeam related software or failure in connexion or interfacing.
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Cruise: Marmesonet Chiefs Scientists: Louis Géli & Pierre Henry
AUV work Operation number:37/02 – MET02 Dive 2
Date and time of AUV in water 6/11/09 – 5:33 Date and time of AUV on board: 6/11/09 – 15:00
Dive Objectives: Micro bathymetry of Nautile Dive 1659 site, for preparing the deployment of BOB (Acoustic Bubble Observatory) near gaz émission site. Zone: South Cinarcik Watch 8-12 Watch
Scientist on watch: Céline Grall
Watch
Scientist on watch: Charline Guérin
Scientist on watch:Alain Normand
AUV operators: - Xavier Placaud - Yann Houard - Olivier Fauvin
Hour and coordinates of AUV when reaching bottom Hour: 7:32- Latitude:40°42’N - Longitude:29°06’E - Water Depth: 1250 m Depths explored during Dive - Minimum:- Maximum: 1250 m Work achieved during Dive Hours on bottom: 7h15 Distance covered with AUV: 36 km Maximum Immersion: 1181 m Payload: MULTIBEAM/IMAGERY SYSTEM SIMRAD EM2000 Altitude over seafloor: 70 m Comments: 05:44 - .05:46 near surface test of MB EM2000: OK 05:50 – 06:46 resolution ultra-long wavelentgh baseline (GAPS: Global Acoustic Positioning System) 7:08 - Dive 7:39 start AUV profile 1
Results: The bathymetric map exhibitsnetwork of escarpments with two main structural directions, respectively oriented N300 and N320-330. The latter trend is organized en échelon, parallel to the direction of fluid escapes oberved with Nautile during the MarNaut Cruise.In addition, chirp profiles (collected during previous cruises) indicate the presence of a series of vertical offsets resulting in a staircase lie structure towards the center of the basin. The fault network consists in a system of oblique, extensional faults oriented N300 with a dextral component. The reflectivity imagery also exhibits a network of curved, réflective lines cross-cutting each other. Some of these lines are continuous, some consist in regularly spaced (~ 60 m), reflective dots aligned obliquely to the general direction. These features are likely to result from human activity, possibly related to cable towing on the seafloor.
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Fig. III.3.1 AUV - Dive MET09-2 (nov 6, 2009, Cinarçik Basin)
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Cruise: Marmesonet Chiefs Scientists: Louis Géli & Pierre Henry
AUV work Operation number: 38 – MET03 Dive 3
Date and time of AUV in water 8/11/09 5:19 Date and time of AUV on board 8/11/09 14:34
Dive Objectives: Tentative microbathymetric coverage the trace of the fault suspected at the base of the North Çinarçik escarpment,. The Survey area corresponds to Marnaut Nautile Dives 1641, 1654, 1656 et 1660, where manifestations of fluid expulsion (including large black patches and bacterial mats) were observed. Acoustic anomalies related to gaz émissions in the water column were also observed using EK60, Side Scan Snar (SAR) and EM302. Part ofmicro-bathymetry of the zone was covered in 2002 during the Marmarascarps cruise with the ROV-Victor of Ifremer. Watch Scientist on watch:Céline Grall 8-12 Watch Scientist on watch: Alain Normand 12-16 Watch Scientist on watch: Charline Guérin 16-20 Hour and coordinates of AUV when reaching bottom Hour: 06:56 - Latitude: - Longitude: - Water Depth: 1288 m
AUV operators: - Xavier Placaud - Yann Houard - Olivier Fauvin
Depths explored during Dive - Minimum:- Maximum: 1290 m Work achieved during Dive Hours on bottom: 7h04 Distance covered with AUV: 6 km Maximum Immersion: 1212 m Payload: MULTIBEAM/IMAGERY SYSTEM SIMRAD EM2000 Altitude over seafloor: 70 m Comments: Failure in EM2000 multibeam mapping, due toerror in the configuration file describing the sound speed in water column. The maximum depth acceptable in the file is 1210 m. Hence,only the area at depth lower than 1210 m was mapped. The distance along which useful data was recorded is only ~ 3 nautical miles.
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
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Cruise: Marmesonet Chiefs Scientists: Louis Géli & Pierre Henry
AUV work Operation number:39 – MET04 Dive 4
Date and time of AUV in water 9/11/09 04:52 Date and time of AUV on surface: 9/11/09 12:50
Dive Objectives: Microbathymetry of the base of the SE slope of the Cinarcik Basin near Nautile Dive 1653, an area interpreted as the chaotic front et de la front ofa landslide. Cold seeps -observed during Nautile dive- and gas emisions –detected with 302 and EK60- are also known to be present in the area.
Watch Scientist on watch:Céline Grall 8-12 Watch Scientist on watch: Alain Normand 12-16 Watch Scientist on watch: Charline Guérin 16-20 Hour and coordinates of AUV when reaching bottom Hour: 05:44- Latitude: - Longitude: - Water Depth:
AUV operators: - Xavier Placaud - Yann Houard - Olivier Fauvin
Depths explored during Dive - Minimum:- Maximum: Work achieved during Dive Hours on bottom: 6h19 Distance covered with AUV: 33 km Maximum Immersion: 1204 m Payload: MULTIBEAM/IMAGERY SYSTEM SIMRAD EM2000 Altitude over seafloor: 70 m Comments: No usable data recorded during this dive. Due to error in the configuration file (see report for dive 3: 38/MET03) the dive in the deeper partof the basin (> 1210 m) was skipped. Stop recording of MB system at 07:19.
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
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Cruise: Marmesonet Chiefs Scientists: Louis Géli & Pierre Henry
AUV work Operation number:40 /05– MET05 Dive 05
Date and time of AUV in water 10/11/09 06:54 Date and time of AUV on board: 10/11/09 08:20
Dive Objectives: Same as Dive 38/03 MET03 (Dive 3) Tentative microbathymetric coverage the trace of the fault suspected at the base of the North Çinarçik escarpment,. The Survey area corresponds to Marnaut Nautile Dives 1641, 1654, 1656 et 1660, where manifestations of fluid expulsion (including large black patches and bacterial mats) were observed. Acoustic anomalies related to gaz émissions in the water column were also observed using EK60, Side Scan Snar (SAR) and EM302. Part ofmicro-bathymetry of the zone was covered in 2002 during the Marmarascarps cruise with the ROV-Victor of Ifremer.
Watch Scientist on watch:Céline Grall 8-12 Watch Scientist on watch: Alain Normand 12-16 Watch Scientist on watch: Charline Guérin 16-20 Hour and coordinates of AUV when reaching bottom Hour: 07:35- Latitude: - Longitude: - Water Depth: 1140 m
AUV operators: - Xavier Placaud - Yann Houard - Olivier Fauvin
Depths explored during Dive: NaN (test dive only)
Work achieved during Dive Duration of acquisition: 0h17 Distance covered with AUV: 2 km Maximum Immersion: 1167 m Payload: MULTIBEAM/IMAGERY SYSTEM SIMRAD EM2000 Altitude over seafloor: 70 m Comments: The dive was scheduled in two parts: test and operational. The AUV was recovered after the test dive for on-board calibration and checking. The bathymetric data of the test dive appear to be satisfactory, but no navigation data recorded. Hence the décision to stop the programme after test, with no operational dive.
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
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Cruise: Marmesonet Chiefs Scientists: Louis Géli & Pierre Henry
AUV work Operation number: 41/06 – MET06 Dive 06
Date and time of AUV in water 11/11/09 05:05 Date and time of AUV on board: 11/11/09 13:36
Dive Objectives: Microbathymetry of « Istanbulle » site, corresponding to the zone of Nautile Dives 1651 and 1664, with a 2.5 km extension to the east covering a canyon head offset by the main fault. The « Istanbulle » site is located at the top of an anticline, 750 m to the south of the main fault. Plumes, 100 to 200 m High, are observed with EM302. The canyon system observed to the east is characterized by High EM-300 reflectivitiy, but no significant offset was observed based on EM-300 data. AUV operators: Watch 8/12 Scientist on watch: Céline Grall - Xavier Placaud - Yann Houard Watch Scientist on watch: Alain Normand - Olivier Fauvin Watch Scientist on watch: Charline Guérin Hour and coordinates of AUV when reaching bottom Hour:5:19- Latitude:40° 51,45 - Longitude: 028° 34,32' - Water Depth: 340 m Water Depths explorées pendant la Dive - Minimum: 335 m - Maximum: 600 m Work achieved during Dive Duration of acquisition: 7:57 Distance covered with AUV: 43 km Maximum Immersion: 512 m Payload: MULTIBEAM/IMAGERY SYSTEM SIMRAD EM2000 Altitude over seafloor: 70 m Comments: Navigation Under the protection of turkish coast guard.
Results: The zone of gas emissions (« Istanbulle ») presents irregular spots of High reflectivity, 10 to 50 in diameter, collocated with sites of acoustic anomalies exhibiting no particular morphological characteristics. Two continuous, E-W striking slip faults with no marked escarpment are observed on the bathymetric map crossing the pass located north of « Istanbulle » Site, consistently with Nautile observations. The duplication of strike slip faults visible at the surface appear to be a common feature in the Sea of Marmara (seismic data exhibit closely spaced strike slip faults forming a flower structure). To the east, small dimension canyons are visible on the bathymetry and reflectivity maps. Though, the continuity of these canyons across the fault, is not clearly visible. The lateral offset is difficult to estimate. The offset of ~100 to 200 m that appears on the most reflective canyon needs further confirmation. Many of these canyons exhibit reflective depressions, 30 to 60 m in diameter, that could be assimilated to pockmarks or to sequences of regressive instabilities. Alignments of High reflectivity spots also indicate traces of human activity that scarve the seafloor, as previously observed near dive 2 site.
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
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Fig. III.3.2AUV - Dive MET09-6(nov 11, 2009, Central High)
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
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Cruise: Marmesonet Chiefs Scientists: Louis Géli & Pierre Henry
AUV work Operation number: 42/07 – MET07 Dive 7
Date and time of AUV in water 12/11/09 6:31 Date and time of AUV on board: 12/11/09 14:18
Dive Objectives: Microbathymetric Survey of active fault zone between « Istanbulles » site and Kurmburguz Basin.Nautile dive 1651 site. Watch Scientist on watch:Céline Grall AUV operators: 8-12 - Xavier Placaud - Yann Houard Watch Scientist on watch: Alain Normand - Olivier Fauvin 12-16 Watch Scientist on watch: Charline Guérin 16-20 Hour and coordinates of AUV when reaching bottom Hour: 06:38- Latitude:40° 51,5274'- Longitude: 028° 30,8427' - Water Depth: 810 m Depths explored during Dive - Minimum:340 m- Maximum: 840 m
Work achieved during Dive Duration of acquisition: 7h15 Distance covered with AUV: 41,9 km Maximum Immersion: 767 m Payload: MULTIBEAM/IMAGERY SYSTEM SIMRAD EM2000 Altitude over seafloor: 70 m Comments: Navigation Under the protection of turkish coast guard. Profiles 8 and 9 not completed. Delay for deploying AUV due to error on the meeting position with coast guard.
Results: The zone exhibits the morphological expression of the main strike fault between « Istanbulle » siteand Kumburgaz basin. The exact trace of the fault is relatively ill defined, as the seafloor morphology is controlled bysedimentary processes and slope instabilities. One canyon near the northern boundary of the covered area présents 2 zones of « arrachement » as it enters into the Kumburgaz Basin. The southern border of the canyon appears to have been controlled by the trace of a right-lateral striking fault. The shallower part of this escarpment will be covered on november 14th (dive 9). A highly reflective, remarkable feature is observed near 40°51.9' N, 028° 32,4' E. This feature is interpreted as a pockmark, 150 m wide, with bubbles escaping from its flat bottom,at 690 m water depth. One core (MET09GR02) was taken from this pockmark, on 13/11/2009, near 40°51,898’N, 28°32,392’E.
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
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Fig. III.3.3AUV - Dive MET09-7(nov 12, 2009, Central High)
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Cruise: Marmesonet Chiefs Scientists: Louis Géli & Pierre Henry
AUV work Operation number: 43/08 – MET08 Dive 8
Date and time of AUV in water 13/11/09 05:02 Date and time of AUV on board: 13/11/09 14:35 (pont)
Dive Objectives: Extension to the south and to the west ofthe « Istanbulles » areacovered during Dive 41-MET06 Coordinates of AUV deployment: 40° 57,3' N 028° 32,2' AUV operators: Watch Scientist on watch:Céline Grall - Xavier Placaud 8-12 - Yann Houard Watch Scientist on watch: Alain Normand - Olivier Fauvin 12-16 Watch Scientist on watch: Charline Guérin 16-20 Hour and coordinates of AUV when reaching bottom Hour: 5:27 - Latitude:40°51.702’N- Longitude: 28°32.217’E- Water Depth: 560 m Depths explored during Dive - Minimum:340 m- Maximum:680 m Work achieved during Dive Duration of acquisition: 8h49 Distance covered with AUV: 46,9 km Maximum Immersion: 593 Payload: MULTIBEAM/IMAGERY SYSTEM SIMRAD EM2000 Altitude over seafloor: 70 m Comments: Navigation in restricted area (heavy trafic zone with regulated shipping lanes) Under the protection of turkish coast guard.
Results: The covered area, entirely located south the fracture zone , presents almost no remarkable morphology, except a canyon located near the eastern extremity of the box. The western zone towards the Kumburgaz Basin, exhibits a staircase-like morphology that could be related to unstabilities affecting the whole slope. The reflectivity image exhibit numerous, highly réflective black spots, likely related to gas émission. These spots appear to be more numerous along a N085 trend, from the summital area to the Kumburgaz basin.
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
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Fig. III.3.4AUV - Dive MET09-8(nov 13, 2009, Central High)
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
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Cruise: Marmesonet Chief scientist: Louis Géli
AUV work Operation number: 44 /09– MET09 Dive 09
Date and time of AUV in water 14/11/09 04:59 Date and time of AUV on board: 14/11:09 14:49
Dive Objectives: Completion of EM2000 Microbathymetry of « Istanbulles » area - Complete covergae of the S and N escarpments to the NW of Kumburgaz Basin - Mapping of Kumburgaz Basin to the W encompassing KOERI OBS Site # 2 - Extension to the north and to the west of the zone covered during Dive 41 – MET06 AUV operators: Watch Scientist on watch:Céline Grall - Xavier Placaud 8-12 - Yann Houard Watch Scientist on watch: Alain Normand - Olivier Fauvin 12-16 Watch Scientist on watch: Charline Guérin 16-20 Hour and coordinates of AUV when reaching bottom Hour: 5:13 - Latitude:40° 51.8218 - Longitude: 028°34.987- Water Depth 340 m Depths explored during Dive - Minimum:280 m - Maximum: 850 m Work achieved during Dive Duration of acquisition: 9:10 Distance covered with AUV: 48.3 km Maximum Immersion: 781 m Payload: MULTIBEAM/IMAGERY SYSTEM SIMRAD EM2000 Altitude over seafloor: 70 m Comments: Navigation in restricted area (heavy trafic zone with regulated shipping lanes) under the protection of turkish coast guard.
Results: The data from the Gumburgaz basin exhibits the trace of the main active fault cutting through the depocenter. The southern escarpment of the canyon thus delineates the main active fault, while the southern, curved escarpment that delineates the depocenter to the east and to the north appears as a normal fault. In addition, the deviation of the trace of the fault within the basin suggests the existence of an extensional relay zone. A landslide deposit is observed on the left bank (southern flank) of the canyon, exhibiting a staircase-like morphology. To the east of the central High, there is no evidence of a fault cross-cutting the zone covered during the present AUV dive.
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
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Fig. III.3.5AUV - Dive MET09-9(nov 14, 2009, Central High)
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Fig. III.3.6Merged microbathymetric map of « Istanbulles » site based on AUV data collected during dives 6, 7, 8 and 9.
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
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Cruise: Marmesonet Chiefs Scientists: Louis Géli & Pierre Henry
AUV work Operation number: 45 – MET10 Dive 10
Date and time of AUV in water 15/11/09 4:53 Date and time of AUV on board: 15/11/09 14:30
Dive Objectives: Micro-bathymetry mapping of the Western High, near the site where gaz escapes, oil traces and carbonate crusts were found during the Marnaut cruise. At this site, gashydrates were also sampled using a Küllenberg corer. This area will be covered during Marmesonet Leg II. It includes the sites explored during Nautile Dives 1648, 1662, 1666, 1669. It was also partially explored during MARMARASCARPS. The objective of the AUV dive is to obtain a larger coverage of the fluid emission sites and of the anticline bordering the main fault to the south. AUV Launching Point coordinates: 40° 48,675'N, 027° 47,686'W Watch Scientist on watch: Céline Grall AUV operators: 8-12 - Xavier Placaud - Yann Houard Watch Scientist on watch: Livio Ruffine - Olivier Fauvin 12-16 Watch Scientist on watch: Jean-Baptise Tary 16-20 Hour and coordinates of AUV when reaching bottom Hour:05:21- Latitude:40°48,62 - Longitude: 27°47.66- Water Depth: 740 m Depths explored during Dive - Minimum:595 m - Maximum: 780 m Work achieved during Dive Duration of acquisition: 8:41 Distance covered with AUV: 47,6 km Maximum Immersion: 688 Payload EM2000 SMF Altitude over seafloor: 70 m Comments: AUV launched near regulated area ; 2 profiles run by AUV against trafic within regulated area at, respectively, 500 m and 300 m from the trafic separation boundary line ; 1 profile run 100 m from the boundary line
Results: The trace of the main fault clearly appears as a line trending N080 to N075, delineated by escarpments 1 to 10 m High, previously described based on Marmarascarps data [Armijo et al, 2005]. The trace of the fault appears more clearly than on the Cenral High, while the sedimentation rates are comparable (3 to 10 mm/year). The zones of fluid expulsion are highly reflective and characterized by a complex morphology. The 2 main sites of emission explored with S/V Nautile consist in 2 mounds of irregular shape, 6 to 8 meters High, sitting on the border of a plateau, respectively 350 m and 700 m away from the fault, along an escarpment oriented N035. The SW mound has an horseshoe shape with a central depression. The NE mound presents a dépression on its southeastern flank. Both ceners of emission are highly réflective. The reflectivity may result from carbonate crust or from gas hydrates near the sediment surface. Other reflective zones associated to gas emissions based on EM-302 data are observed along the fault, but also along an anticline ridge oriented E-W along latitude 40° 48,4' N.
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
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Fig. III.3.7AUV - Dive MET09-10(nov 15, 2009, Central High)
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
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Cruise: Marmesonet Chiefs Scientists: Louis Géli & Pierre Henry
AUV work Operation number: 46 /11– MET11 Dive 11
Date and time of AUV in water 16/11/09 4:53 Date and time of AUV on board: 16/11:09 14:18
Dive Objectives: Micro-bathymetric mapping of the western termination of the main fault across the Western High, including the small, extensional basin that separates the Western High and the anticline that borders the southern flank of the fault zone. Part of the main fault escarpments explored during the present dive were mapped with ROV Victor during the Marmarascarps cruise. Coordinates of AUV launching point: 40° 48,266' N, 027° 44,45' E AUV operators: Watch Scientist on watch:Céline Grall - Xavier Placaud 8-12 - Yann Houard Watch Scientist on watch: Alain Normand - Olivier Fauvin 12-16 Watch Scientist on watch: Charline Guérin 16-20 Hour and coordinates of AUV when reaching bottom Hour:05:12- Latitude: 40°47.911’N- Longitude:27°44.408 - Water Depth: 607 m Depths explored during Dive - Minimum:605 m- Maximum: 875 m Work achieved during Dive Duration of acquisition: 09h07 Distance covered with AUV: 50,186 km Maximum Immersion: 793 Payload: MULTIBEAM/IMAGERY SYSTEM SIMRAD EM2000 Altitude over seafloor: 70 m Comments: Difficulties to adjust the AUV navigation with the two previous dives conducted in the area (Dives 9 and 10).
Results: The High-Res bathymetric data reveals 3 fault branches across the small extensional basin located at the Western Termination of the Western High: the first follows the southern boundary of the basin ; the second follows the northern boundary ; the third branch cross-cuts the basin at an angle of 15° with respect to the orientation of the main Marmara fault, comatible with the orientation of a Riedel Fault R1. These fault branches are interpreted as principally strike-slip faults, as they are associated to linear escarpments, up to 4 m high, over distances of 100 to 1000 m. A zone of slope unstability appears on the northern flank of the anticline, south of the extensional basin. A staircase-like morphology is observed, controlled by escarpments oriented N100 to N120. The obliquiy of these escarpments with respect to the slope indicate that the local stress field associated to the main fault controls the orientation of the structures related to these slope unstabilities. Highly reflective spots are present near the summit of the anticline and in the zone of unstability. These spots are associated to small depressions visible on the shaded bathymetric map. Sulphide rich muds and fluids were sampled from cores taken at one of these spots (GR07 and GR08) for further analysis in the laboratory.
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
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Fig. III.3.8AUV - Dive MET09-11(nov 16, 2009, Western High)
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
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Cruise: Marmesonet Chiefs Scientists: Louis Géli & Pierre Henry
AUV work Operation number: 47/12 – MET12 Dive 12
Date and time of AUV in water 17/11/09 5:38 Date and time of AUV on board: 17/11/09 14:36
Dive Objectives: Completion of the bathymetric mapping initiated with Dives 10 and 11 to cover the western termination of the Western High. Special focus is proposed on: i) the different fault branches striking towards the Tekirdag Basin and ii) on the northward prolongation of the zone of gas émissions and oil leaks.
AUV operators: Watch Scientist on watch:Céline Grall - Xavier Placaud 8-12 - Yann Houard Watch Scientist on watch: Alain Normand - Olivier Fauvin 12-16 Watch Scientist on watch: Charline Guérin 16-20 Hour and coordinates of AUV when reaching bottom Hour: 06:01- Latitude: 40° 48,83'- Longitude:027° 42,88 - Water Depth: 740 m Depths explored during Dive - Minimum:465 m- Maximum: 970 m Work achieved during Dive Duration of acquisition: 8:21 Distance covered with AUV: Maximum Immersion: 884 Payload: MULTIBEAM/IMAGERY SYSTEM SIMRAD EM2000 Altitude over seafloor: 70 m Comments:
Results: A main fault escarpment appear on the bathymetry and imagery maps between the Tekirdag Basin and the summit of the Western High. This escarpment, which was once followed by ROV/Victorduring the Marmarscarps Cruise, is in the continuation of the northern border of the Small, rectangular pull-apart basin that was partially mapped during dives 10 and 11. The présence of other strike-slip faults affecting the zone of complex morphology to the north is however not precluded. The southern and western flanks of the High located to the north of the fault are affected by landslides. Its SE flank is marked by a succession of escarpments NE-SW, the origin of which is difficult to determine (possibly thrust faults). The reflectivity imagealso indicate a a zone affected by fluid emissions aligned with those explored with nautile, but of less intensity.
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Fig. III.3.8AUV - Dive MET09-12(nov 17, 2009, Western High)
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Fig. III.3.9AUV – Merged maps based on dives 10-11-12
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
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Cruise: Marmesonet Chiefs Scientists: Louis Géli & Pierre Henry
Work completed with AUV Operation Number 48/13 - MET13 Dive 13 Objectifs de l’opération:
Date and hour of AUV deployment: 18/11/09 04:57 Dateand hour of AUV onboard:18/11/09 15:05
Bathymetric mapping of the Western slope of Tekirdag Bassin around the Boris'bubbler site, where strong gas bubble emissions were observed with Nautile during marnaut cruise (Dive 1644 and 1647). The western slope of Tekirdag at this site is interpreted as an active dextral transpressive slope. The objective of this dive is to refine the structural context of the gas emissions. Deployment point coordinates: 40° 49,538' N - 027° 31,106' E Watch Scientist:Céline Grall AUV Operators: 8-12 - Xavier Placaud - Olivier Fauvin Watch Scientist: Alain Normand - Yann Houart 12-16 Watch Scientist: Charline Guérin 16-20 Date and time and coordinates of AUV when start recording Hour: 05:34 - Latitude: 40°49.657’N- Longitude:27°31.034’- Depth: 1155 m Depthsexplored during dive - Minimum:600 m - Maximum:1155 m Work completed during dive: Duration of acquisition: 9:06 Distance covered: Immersion max: 1082 m Charge utile (Multifaisceau / Chirp): EM2000 SMF Altitude d'opération: 70 m Comments: line spacing reduced to 150 m over the slope
Results: The AUV data confirm the dextral transpressive activity of the W Tekirdag scarp and show that the Boris' bubbler site is located in a N320 avalanche gully. Two E-W fault scarps are observed in the basin. Both were previously recognized in multibeam bathymetry and chirp profiles. The southern one is about 10 m high and jagged with N065 and N090N110 segments. Towards the east, this fault scarps bends southward to follow the base of a N050 talus (N050) below the main cliff. On the reflectivity image the lower part of the talus appears reflective, indicative of erosion and uplift. On the shaded bathymetry, gentle folding of the seafloor is seen at the foot of the main slope on both sides of the E-W scarp, but more clearly south of it. The E-W faults in the basin thus appears as the expression of a transtensive dextral fault branching from a transpressive dextral fault at the base of the main scarp. On the reflectivity image, a 200 m wide reflective gully the slope. Its high reflectivity suggests this gully was affected by rock avalanches more recently than the rest of the slope. Down stream, a channel is eroding the E-W fault scarp, but is itself cross-cut by the fault. It may be interesting to note that the strong bubble emissions were found at a site, which appears at the most active erosional feature in this part of the W Tekirdag slope.
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
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Fig. III.3.11AUV - Dive MET09-13(nov 18, 2009, Tekirdag Basin)
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
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Cruise: Marmesonet Chiefs Scientists: Louis Géli & Pierre Henry
AUV work Operation number: 49/14/ - MET14 Dive 14
Date and time of AUV in water 19/11/09 05:39 Date and time of AUV on board: 19/11/09 13:44
Dive Objectives: Bathymetric mapping and imagery of the Northern part of the Western Tekirdag scarp. EM302 survey showed many gas flare echoes near the base of the scarp. The purpose of these dive is to find their trace on the seafloor and look for any evidence for tectonic deformation associate with this scarp Coordinates of AUV deployment: 40° 40,4' 027° 31' E AUV operators: Watch Scientist on watch: Céline Grall - Xavier Placaud 8-12 - Yann Houard Watch Scientist on watch: Alain Normand - Olivier Fauvin 12-16 Watch Scientist on watch: Charline Guérin 16-20 Hour and coordinates of AUV when start recording Hour:06:26- Latitude:40°50.853’N- Longitude:27°31.785’E- Water Depth: 1110 m Depths explored during Dive - Minimum:930 m - Maximum: 1130 m Work achieved during Dive Duration of acquisition: 7h Distance covered with AUV: 37 km Maximum Immersion: 1057 m Payload: MULTIBEAM/IMAGERY SYSTEM SIMRAD EM2000 Altitude over seafloor: 70 m Comments: espacement des profils réduit à 150 m sur la pente.
Results: The bathymetric map does not show evidence of active faulting along the Northern part of the Western Tekirdag scarp. The slope displays reflective outcrops and small gullies but overall appears less reflective than the 48-MET13 dive site and no enhanced reflectivity at the base of the talus, suggesting weaker erosion and little or no tectonic uplift. N90-100 fractures are observed in the slope, while the stratification generally has moderate dips. A lack of continuity and possible offsets are observed between gullies in the slope and channels in the basin. These offsets could indicate that 200 m (or more) of right lateral slip took place along this scarp, although it does not seem active today. Fluid outflow sites appear as spots of higher reflectivity at the base of the slope and in the basin and as small pockmarks in the bathymetry. These pockmarks are only visible on high resolution plots of shaded bathymetry. They are preferentially found in several clusters near the base of the slope, but are not related to obvious tectonic structures.
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
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Fig. III.3.10AUV - Dive MET09-14(nov 19, 2009, Western Slope of Tekirdag Basin)
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
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Cruise: Marmesonet Chiefs Scientists: Louis Géli & Pierre Henry
AUV work Operation number: 50/15-MET15 Dive 15 Dive Objectives:
Date and time of AUV in water: 20/11/09 5:07 Date and time of AUV on board: 20/11/09 13:29
Bathymetric and reflectivity mapping of the transition between the western high and the central basin. The main strike-slip fault trace on the Western High and its connection with fault scarps on the central basin is well known from EM300 and ROV mapping. One Nautile Dive (1649) found a few cold seeps and one gas emission site in the upper part of the slope north of the fault trace. Surveys with EM302 found many gas flare echoes in a km wide swath near the fault trace. The purpose of the AUV dive was to investigate the relationship between these echoes and the fault trace Mise à l'eau prévue: 40°49.689'N 027°57,395'E AUV operators: Watch Scientist on watch: Céline Grall - Xavier Placaud 8-12 - Yann Houard Watch Scientist on watch: Alain Normand - Olivier Fauvin 12-16 Watch Scientist on watch: Charline Guérin 16-20 Hour and coordinates of AUV when start recording Hour:06:07 - Latitude: 40°49.270’N- Longitude: 27°57.115’E- Water Depth: 1270m Depths explored during Dive - Minimum:955 m- Maximum: 1265 m Work achieved during Dive Duration of acquisition: 6:17 Distance covered with AUV: Maximum Immersion: 1200 m Payload: MULTIBEAM/IMAGERY SYSTEM SIMRAD EM2000 Altitude over seafloor: 70 m Comments: Anticipated pop up of AUV due to a failure of the GPS using by the Global Acoustic Positioning System (GAPS) of AUV.
Results: The 1.4 km wide bathymetric coverage obtained with the AUV confirms nicely the presence of a single continuous E-W strike-slip fault trace in this part of the Western High. Several asymmetrical basins corresponding to transtensional segments are observed along the fault trace. The intervals between these basins correlate with NE-SW topographic steps north of the fault zone, which may correspond to folds. The wavelength of these structures is 5001000 m. N310 normal faults also extend north of the fault zone and superficial slope instabilities are common. Reflective patches on the acoustic image generally are found in an oblique N070 trend without clear relationships with the tectonic features just mentioned. These patches generally correspond with pockmarked areas. In the eastern part, the main fault crosses zones of active fluid emission and the high reflectivity of the fault scarp suggests it is affected by the fluids. Gravity coring (GR13) further showed the presence near the fault scarp of carbonate crusts, which prevented the penetration of the corer and were recovered at the base of a short (1,05 m) core. A chaotic zone near 40° 49,65'N 027°55,8'E corresponds to one of the active fluid emission sites found with the Nautile.
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Fig. III.3.11AUV - Dive MET09-15(nov 20, 2009, Western High)
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Cruise: Marmesonet Chiefs Scientists: Louis Géli & Pierre Henry
AUV work Operation number: 51/16–MET16 Dive 16 Dive Objectives:
Date and time of AUV in water: 21/11/09 05:02 Date and time of AUV on board: 21/11/09 14/54
To map the bathymetry and acoustic reflectivity of the talus at the base of the North Cinarcik cliff, which corresponds to a major fault scarp. The zone to be covered comprises dives 1641, 1654, 1656 and 1660 of submersible Nautile (Cruise Marnaut). Manifestations of fluid outflow such as large black patches and bacterial mats were observed during these dives and acoustic anomalies were detected in the water column (SAR, EK-60 and EM302). the cold seeps were observed immediately below the first outcrops of Paleozoïc rocks at the base of the slope. Fault scarps were mapped with the ROV Victor during MARAMARASCARPS cruise. However, the main fluid emission sites are found upslope of these scarps on the talus at the base of the cliff. The main question addressed by this dive is the relationship between these cold seeps and structures. Mise à l'eau prévue: 40°48'N 029°02'E Watch Scientist on watch: Céline Grall AUV operators: 8-12 - Xavier Placaud - Yann Houard Watch Scientist on watch: Alain Normand - Olivier Fauvin 12-16 Watch Scientist on watch: Charline Guérin 16-20 Hour and coordinates of AUV when reaching bottom Hour: 05:41 - Latitude:40°47,6' N- Longitude:029° 2,28'E- Water Depth:1270 m Depths explored during Dive - Minimum: 970 m - Maximum:1300 m Work achieved during Dive Duration of acquisition: 9:02 Distance covered with AUV: Maximum Immersion: 1218 m Payload: MULTIBEAM/IMAGERY SYSTEM SIMRAD EM2000 Altitude over seafloor: 70 m Comments: Drift of the ROV caused small gaps between the mutlbeam swaths.
Results: The main fault scarps on the bathymetric map are en echelon normal or transtensional N310-320 segments connected by a N280 segment. These correspond to the scarps previously observed with ROV Victor. There is no morphology identifiable as an active faults scarp within, or at the base of, the talus at the bottom of the cliffs. The morphology of the talus is dominated by two groups of debris cones. An upper group, above 1210m with steep slopes and strong reflectivity is found above 1210m. A lower group with low reflectivity and less steep slopes formed in the intervals between the upper cones. Cold seeps were primarily found on the upper system.These observations suggest that the active fluid emission zone may follow the limit between the paleozoïc rocks and the recent sediments, as suggested by Nautile observations, but that the active fault trace is now downslope of this limit. Enigmatic, presumably anthropogenic, reflectivity patterns similar to those observed during MET02 and MET06 are seen on the lower slope and basin.
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Fig. III.3.12AUV - Dive MET09-16(nov 21, 2009, Western High)
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Cruise: Marmesonet Chiefs Scientists: Louis Géli & Pierre Henry
AUV work Operation number: 52/17–MET17 Dive 17
Date and time of AUV in water 22/11/09 14:31 Date and time of AUV on board: 22/11/09 15:40
Dive Objectives: Test AUV setup after change of payload from multibeam echo sounder to chirp echo sounder. A surface route and a dive to 120 m were programmed. Mise à l'eau 40°48'N, 028°1,699'E Watch Scientist on watch:Céline Grall 8-12 Watch Scientist on watch: Alain Normand 12-16 Watch Scientist on watch: Charline Guérin 16-20 Hour and coordinates of AUV when reaching bottom: NaN
AUV operators: - Xavier Placaud - Yann Houard - Olivier Fauvin
Work achieved during Dive Duration of acquisition: 12 min Distance covered with AUV: Maximum Immersion: 120 m Payload Chrip sounder Altitude over seafloor: N.A. Comments: The new setup works fine
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Cruise: Marmesonet Chiefs Scientists: Louis Géli & Pierre Henry
Work completed using AUV Operation Number: 53-MET18 Dive 18
Date and time of deployment in water: 23/11/09 05:10 Date and time onboard: 23/11/09 14:46
Dive Objectives: Chirp echosounder survey of the small rectangular pull-apart basin on the western slope of the Western High and of the gas emission sites located on the anticlinal ridge, south of the main fault. AUV dives MET11 and MET12 showed very clearly the fault traces in this bassin and gravity and interface cores (MEI-MEG-04) were taken near the depocentre. The bassin is too narrow (less than 1 km) to obtain good quality data with the Suroît chirp. It thus appeared as an ideal target to test the capabilities of the AUV chirp. Chirp data will provide information on the structural and sedimentary evolution of the basin, set the context for core seismoturbidite analysis. Coordinates of deployment point: 40°48,906'N 027°42,842'E AUVOperators: Quart N° Scientifique:Céline Grall Xavier Placaud 8-12 Olivier Fauvin Quart N° Scientifique: Alain Normand Yann Houard 12-16 Quart N° Scientifique: Charline Guérin 16-20 Date and coordinates of arrival Hour:5:08- Latitude: 40°48.910’N - Longitude:27°42.863’E - Profondeur:760 m Depth range explored during dive: - Minimum: 610 m- Maximum:960 m Travaux réalisés pendant la plongée Duration of acquisition: 8h23’ but only 1h55’ of record (stop recording: 07h22’) Distance covered: 45,8 km Immersion max: 909 m Payload: Chirp Altitude over seabottom: 50 m Commentaires: Only 7 profiles (out of 24) were recorded. AUV stopped recording at 07:22:24, on 18/11/2009 .
Results: Unfortunately, the AUV stopped after less 1h55’ of recording, due to unknown reasons. The along strike profile (PR01), oriented N095, cuts pressure ridges between shot points 1 and 220 and then follows the central branch of the main fault, in the middle of the small basin that enters into the Tekirdag Basin. The trace of the main fault clearly appears consistently up the surface on the cross-strike profiles PR04 (near ~ SP260) and PR05 (near ~ SP 260), suggesting that this fault branch has ruptured recently, possibly during the 1912 earthquake.The trace of the fault, however, is less visible on PR07, PR06 and PR03 (from west to east). Further analysis is therefore needed to conclude positively on the extension of the 1912 rupture to the Western High.
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AUV Navigation during Dive 18. Unfortunately, recording stopped after 2,5 hours.
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Cruise: Marmesonet Chiefs Scientists: Louis Géli & Pierre Henry
Work achieved with AUV N°de l’opération: 54 – MET19 Dive 19 Objective of operation:
Date and hour of deployment: 24/11/09 5:08 Date and hour onboard: 24/11/09 12:24
Acquisition of AUV chirp profiles across the eastern termination of Cinarcik Basin at the entrance of Izmit Gulf. The objectives are to (1) better describe the connexion between faults observed in the Cinarcik Basin and the Izmit 1999 earthquake fault rupture (2) to correlate turbidites in core MNT KS 07 with seismic reflections horizons Coordinates of deployment: 40°42'N E029°08' Watch Scientist on watch:Céline Grall Operators: 8-12 Xavier Placaud Olivier Fauvin Watch Scientist on watch: Alain Normand Yann Houard 12-16 Watch Scientist on watch: Charline Guérin 16-20 Arrival on bottom: Hour: 06:01- Latitude: 40°41.983' - Longitude:029°09.07' -Depth:1130 m Depth explored during dive - Minimum:600 m - Maximum: 1300m Work achieved during dive: Duration of acquisition: 5h28 Distance covered: 29,7 km Immersion max: 1246 Payload Chirp Altitude over seafloor: 50 m Comments:Steep slopes along AUV track slowed its progression and eventually caused the automation program to end the mission and send the AUV to surface. It was then recovered. The recording stopped at 11:29:21, after less that 6 hours of acquisition, for some unknon reason. The first two profiles are of excellent quality.
Results: The 6.7 km long profile collected across the eastern part of the Cinarçik Basin (PR08) is of exceptional quality. It crosses a fault having a normal component with 3 msec of vertical offset (visible near shot point 880). To the south of the fault, a small basin is created, with high sedimentation rate. A vertical offset is also visible on profile P10, near SP 1730, which confirms that the fault that appears on PR08 corresponds to the E-W oriented fault that was previously mapped by Okay et al. (2000) and Carton et al (2000), and which is known to be associated with active gas emissions.
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IV. Bubble OBservation Module – BOB The objective of monitoring bubbles is to study the variations in bubble activity with microseismicity and pore pressure variations. For this reason, BOB was deployed in the Cinarçik Basin, where 5 piezometers and 6 OBSs where also deployed with R/V Urania in september 2009. As mentioned in chapter III, these instruments were all concentratedin this area, because it has persistent crustal microseismicity, including one cluster localized immediately beneath the zone where gas seeps are observed. In addition, geodetic data indicate that the 1999 Izmit earthquake still has an important post-seismic motion, corresponding to 50% of plate motion 6 years after the earthquake (Ergintav et al., 2009). Hence, the Eastern part of Cinarcik was considered to be the most appropriate test site for the present demonstration mission, to investigate the consequences of deformation occurring at the crustal level on seafloor fluid expulsion and pore pressure. BOB (Bubble Observatory Module) is a standalone observation module equipped with a Simrad ER60 echosounder and a 120 kHz split-beam transducer mounted on a pan & tilt for horizontal insonification. It was deployed on November 7th, in the south-eastern of Cinarcik Basin, near 40° 43.112 N, 29° 06.981 E, ~ 60 m away from a well identified gas source, by 1270 m of water depth.
Fig V.1: BOB on deck of R/V Le Suroit ready for deployment on november 7th, 2009. The red cylinder on top the structure is the 120 kHz split-beam transducer mounted on a pan & tilt for horizontal insonification. Three cylinders below the structure contain Lithium batteries for energy supply. The fourth cyclinder contains the data loger and electronics. Floatability is provided by the yellow blocks made of syntatic foam.
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V.
Acoustic mapping of water column with shipboard EM302 MB system
V.1 Background – EM302 Description Data acquisition was performed by a Simrad EM302 multibeam echosounder (27–33 kHz, 288 beams, 1°x2°, 2 or 5 ms pulse length) with automatic swath width control and equidistant sounding pattern. Most of the tracks were covered in single swath mode over bottoms varying from 300 to 1300 m. Water column samples were stored with a 10m cell size. Gas echoes were very well detected by this system even in deep water areas (~1300 m). Flares could also be detected by the outer beams and within the side lobes noisy area depending on the backscatter intensity and size. Flares were identified by permanent visual inspection of the sounder water column display and manually noted down in the survey electronic logbook for geo-referencing (Casino software). Flare 3D visualisation was performed by Movies3D software (Berger et al., 2009, ©Ifremer) according to the following post processing steps: •
raw data (.all files format) were read and converted by Sonarscope software for pre-processing of backscattered signals;
•
a dedicated Matlab® application was then used to convert the data into .HAC format (international acoustic standard format, Simard et al., 1992) to be processed by Movies3D.
Fig. VI.1.1 Copy of the two onboard monitors that were used during the cruise to check real timeEM-302 data. Left: Real time monitoring of ship navigation and EM_302 bathymetry and imagery data. Right: real time monitoring of echoes from the water column, in response to one acoustic swath ping. A watcher was permanently looking at the screen to visually identify acoustic anomalies and report them using the Casino software, which allows logging any observation automatically together with navigation (date, time, ship’s speed, course) and environmental parameters (wind, surface water salinity, etc).
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Fig. VI1.1.2 Example of 3D visualization of the gas plumes mapped on the Western High, in the area where gas and oil have been found in 2007 with Nautile. The image is a snapshot of an animation that was produced by Carla Scalabrin, using Movies3D software (Berger et al., 2009, ©Ifremer), after raw data conversion by Sonarscope® (Ifremer software) and Matlab® dedicated application.
V.2 Geographical distribution of gas emissions The acoustic anomalies based on the SIMRAD EM-302 multibeam system were visually detected by the scientist on watch andmanually reported as input in the Casino software, which logs the coordinates of the ship when the observation is made. These coordinates were then reported on the bathymetric map of the Sea of Marmara (Fig. VI.2.1). The dataset shows that the correlation between active faults and gas escapes is not as simple as previously thought [Géli et al, 2008]. The general picture is that gas emissions appear at the borders of the basins, on top of anticlines and along faults, active and inactive. Further analysis is required to refine this picture. Additional, preliminary, noticeable observations are: • Acoustic anomalies are systematically related to highly reflective spots in the AUV imagery. • There are acoustic anomalies along the supposedly « locked » Siliviri-Çekmece fault segment. However, the density of acoustic anomalies along this segment is less than along the other segments of the main Marmara fault. • There is a large concentration of acoustic anomalies on top of the Central High, less than 1 km south of the fault. The acoustic anomalies, however,do not appear to originate within the fault valley that cross-cuts the Central High, suggesting that the sediment cover along the faultcould act as an impermeable blanket.
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• At the base of the margin bordering the Thrace Basin, numerous, densily spaced, acoustic anomalies have been observed, on the western slope of the Tekirdag Basin. This suggests that gas is probably leaking from Thrace Basin reservoirs into the Sea of Marmara, following conduits along faults, active or inactive.
Fig. VI.2.1 Geographical distribution of acoustic anomalies (purple triangles) detected during the Marmesonet Cruise using EM-302 in the « water column » mode. Purple triangles are reported along the ship’s route, even though theyare not exactly below the vessel. The acoustic anomalies have different characteristics (in terms of shape, size, echo intensity), suggesting that the corresponding gaz emissions also have different characteristics (in terms of volume, activity, etc). Still, for sake of simplicity, the same symbol has been used for all acoustic anomalies in this preliminary presentation of results.
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VI.
Bathymetric coverage using EM302 multibeam echosounder
The bathymetric dataset collected during the Marmesonet cruise represents a good test for the newly acquired Simrad EM-302 multibeam system. The major objective of the cruise being the acoustic detection of gas emissions, closely spaced (0.4 miles apart) profiles were implemented (Fig. VI.2.1), in order to work with central beams only and avoid the noise related to secondary lobes. After preliminary tests, we decided to use only the « single ping » mode (the EM302 system allows the « dual ping » mode, which offers a higher resolution. Preliminary tests indicate that the data collected during the Marmesonet Cruise will likely improve the resolution of the presently available bathymetric map, which has a grid size of 25 m.In the areas covered by the EM302 multibeam system, we should be able to obtain bathymetric grids having a résolution of less than 10 m (see example below in Fig. VII.1).
Fig. VII.1 Top: Bathymetric map of the Central High based on EM300 data collected with R/V Le Suroit in 2000, allowing a grid size of 25 m. Middle: partial bathymetric map of the Central High based on EM302 data collected with Le Suroit in 2009 along lines spaced every 0,4 Nautic miles, allowing a grid size of 10 m. Below: partial bathymetric map of the Central High based on EM2000 data collected with the AUV navigating 70 m above seafloor, allowing a grid size of 2m. Note the difference in resolution from one figure to the other, particularly for the definition of canyons.
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VII. Heat Flow VII.1 Heat flow measurements A total of 24 in-situ thermal gradient measurementswere collected during the Marmesonet Cruise, using Micrel autonomous digital temperature probes fixed on a gravity corer of 6 m (Fig. VIII.1) at 6 different depth.
Fig. VII.1Core pipe (left) with 6 digital, autonomous Micrel temperature sensors (right).
Fig. VII.2Distribution of temperature sensor along corer pipe.
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Cinarcik basin data: We made 11 measurements along 2 profiles (HF1 and HF2) in the Western part of the Cinarcik basin in order to compare the collected values with those obtained in the Eastern part of the basin during the Marnaut cruise (Fig. VIII.3). The data show that the thermal gradient in the western part of the basin are higher than in the eastern part, suggesting that the blanketing effect is lower in the west than to the east.Further analysis is needed to interpret this result in terms of differences either in sedimentation rate or in basin formation age in basin evolution.
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Fig. VII.3 Location of thermal measurements in the Cinarçik Basin. Yellow dots indicate Marmesonet data points. Dark symbols stand for MarNaut data points.
Fig. VII.4 Along-line plot of thermal gradients in the W. Cinarçik Basin vs distance from the southern start of profile.
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Central basin profile: A total of 4 new thermal measurements were made in the Central Basin during the Marmesonet Cruise. Note anomalous value (HF5.3 > 80 °C/km), probably related to upward fluid flow along the fault.
Fig. VII.5 Distribution of thermal measurements in the Central Basin (yellow dots: Marmesonet data points ; black dots: MarNaut data points).
Fig. VII.6 Along-line plot of thermal gradients in the Central Basin vs distance from south start of profile.
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Tekirdag basin: Two thermal measurements were made in the Northern part of the Tekirdag basin to complement the dataset collected during the MarNaut cruise. An anomalous value of 150°C/km is observed near the fault boreding the western slope of the Tekirdag Basin, likely due to hot fluid upward flow.
Fig. VII.7 Location of thermal measurements in the Tekirdag Basin / western High area. Yellow dots indicate Marmesonet data points. Dark symbols stand for MarNaut data points.
Fig. VII.8 Heat Profile across Tekirdag Basin based on Marnaut (grey triangles) and Marmesonet datasets (blue losanges).
Western High A total of 5 measurements were made on the Western High (HF4 & HF6).
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VIII. Coring and sampling A total of 23 cores (see below, summary in Table IX.1) have been taken during the cruise: 3 Küllenberg, 7 interface cores with transparent tubes and 13 gravity cores for paleoseismicity studies as well as for geotechnical and fluid sample studies. Cores or Paleoseismicity studies. The 7 interface cores and 5 gravity cores have been taken at specific points, where seismo-turbidites can be expected. The corresponding sediment samples will be further analyzed at ITU/EMCOL for further analysis. It is interesting to note that seismoturbidites (visible through the transparent core tube) have been found on MEI05 near the Ganos bend, that could be related to the 1912 earthquake (Fig. IX.1).
Fig. VIII.1 Interface core MEI05 taken near the Ganos bend. Note the darkish layer, 10 cm below the surface, that could be interpreted as seismo-turbidites, possibly related to the 1912 earthquake.
Shear strength. Torvane shear stress measurements were performed on the cores, when possible, using the very simple Torvane device. The unconfined shear strength is obtained by multiplying the Torvane reading by the Torvane constant, equal to 2,14 kPa (see Appendix 4). Results are plotted, along with the effective stress in Fig. IX.3, assuming sediment density of ~ 1.5. Fluid sampling. The geochemichal component of the cruise was not initially planned, but due to the importance of the subject, we tried to collect some samples whenever possible. From a geochemistry point of view, there indeed is a need for understanding the different processes and factors that form and control the fluid and gas circulation throughout the sediment, the gas bubbling and their fate in the seawater, as well as the hydrate formation and its dynamics. The migration of gas from petroleum reservoirs to the seabed is known to have influence on the sedimentary regime, seabed morphology and stability. Since the Marnaut Cruise, we now know that the gas bubbles sampled at Western High and Central High are of group II, that means a mixture of both biogenic and thermogenic gases. However, the thermogenic contribution is far more than 50 %. In a large number of locations, gas bubbles and fluid seepages have beeneither discovered or inferred by AUV dives (Western High, Central High, Cinarcik basin) and EM302 surveys. Gas hydrates have also been recovered at the Western
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High from the Marnaut Cruise. The characteristic of the fluid seepages and some gas bubbles that have been inferred have not been identified yet because of lack of samples. During the Marmesonet Cruise, fluids along with sediment samples from different sections of several cores have been sampled for compositional analysis (Appendix 3table 1) in order to gain insight into the different issues previously mentioned. Therefore, the geochemical tasks can be summarized as follow: (1) To study the fluid circulation and try to find relationships between the different seep features observed or inferred; (2) Determine more precisely the origin of the gas supplying the gas hydrates stability zones at the Western High. After recovery, the gravity cores were immediately cut into segments of 1 m length. When gas hydrates were not present, the whole round sediment sections were capped and transported to the shipboard laboratory for pore water extraction. The pore water has been sampled for chemical analysis using the Rhizon soil moisture samplers. This is an innovative water extraction technology on which the sampler consists of a hydrophilic, porous polymer tube of 2.5 mm in diameter. The tube is permanently connected to the soil surface from one end, and to a connector for attaching vacuum tubes of ~10 mL from the other end where the samples are collected. The samplings were performed with a resolution of 20 cm in depth.
Pore‐water sampling using Rhizon technology On shore, the work to be carried out consists of: 1. Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) analysis to identify petroleum biomarkers and others hydrocarbons in the non-hydrates charged sediments. Mainly polyaromatic compounds will to identify. 2. An attempt will be made to identify the hydrocarbons present in the gassy fluids from core MET09-GR4. 3. Ionic chromatographic (IC) and/or optical ICP analysis to determine the mineral composition of the fluid sample.
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4. Modelling the fluxes of both chloride and sulphate, the advection rate, in conjunction with work done on Marnaut and MarmaraVT cores. Carbonates. Some carbonates samples (listed in Appendix 3) were collected with cores for further analysis at the University Pierre et Marie Curie, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat.
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Fig. VIII.2 Geographical distribution of core samples collected during Marmesonet-Leg I cruise
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Fig. VIII.3: Photograph snapshot of the 12 kHZ realtime monitor, at the corer was pulled up at site of gravity core MET09-K01. The 12 kHz echo of the corer produces the darker and steeper black line on the screen. The echo of the gas escaping after the corer hit the bottom produces the lighter, lower curve. The location of the corer can be recovered using the date on the screen: November 16, 2009, 17:05:32. The corer is pulled up at 1 m/s, suggesting that the bubbles pop up at about 20 cm/s. At this site gas hydrates were found in ogive (an photographed, see Fig. IX.3) but too scarcely to be sampled.
Fig. VIII.4 Photograph of corer head with gas hydrates in ogive collected at site MET01-K01. The gas hydrates were dissociated as we tried to sample.
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Fig. VIII.4 Unconfined shear strengths based on Torvane measurements plotted versus depth. Dashed green line indicate lithostatic load (assuming sediment density of ~ 1.5).
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Table VIII.1: List of cores taken during the Marmesonet Cruise
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IX. OBS deployments Two OBSs kindly provided by GEOMAR were deployed during the LegI of the Marmesonet cruise, in order to improve the spatial coverage of the 10 Ifremer-OBS network that was deployed in september 2009 with R/V Urania. The 2 OBSs were deployed by Anke Dannowski, from Geomar, in the night from 7 to 8 of november 2009. They will be recovered in march or april 2010 with a vessel provided by ITU, together with the Ifremer OBSs and piezometers. As a reminder, the cooordinates of the OBSs and piezometers deployed by Urania and le Suroît within the present Marmara-DM are: point
Lat du point de mouillage
OBS01
N40°44,220'
OBS02
N40°49,555'
OBS03
Long du point de mouillage E27° 25,392'
Prof
Nb fichier enreg
fuite
Vbat
Deployed by
pres
310
363
-
19,5/664
Urania
E27° 29,907'
1115
-
bigidea
19,5/687
Urania
N40°51,898'
E27° 42,033'
1061
363
-
-
Urania
OBS04
N40°44,409'
E27° 49,723'
363
-
-
Urania
OBS05
N40°46,575'
E28° 18,560'
428
2
Persistor
-
Urania
OBS06
N40°44,365'
E28° 34,672'
740
260
eau
-
Urania
OBS07
N40°45,519'
E28° 47,882'
1200
363
-
19,5/674
Urania
OBS08
N40°52,038'
E28° 25,366'
711
Perdu
Perdu
perdu
Urania
OBS09
N40°43,165'
E29° 07,029'
1248
363
RAS
-
Urania
OBS10
N40°49.913'
E28° 55.688'
1211
363
-
-
Urania
OBSGEOM1
N40°37,883
E28°52’,131
366
Le Suroît
OBSGEOM2
N40° 53,350
E28°4,100
1198
Le Suroît
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Piezometers deployed by Urania:
Nom Piézo PZ‐A PZ‐B PZ‐C PZ‐D PZ‐E
Date 27/09/2009 28/09/2009 28/09/2009 29/09/2009 29/09/2009
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Latitude Longitude Piézo Piézo 40°45.513 28°47.887 40°43.159 29°07.048 40°44.045 29°07.202 40°43.693 29°23.174 40°50.003 28°56.223
Prof m 1198 1249 1265 165 1219
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Fig. IX.1 Distribution of OBSs and piezometers deployed with Urania in september 2009. The location of the 2 OBS of Geomar deployed during the present Marmesonet Cruise (Leg I) is also indicated.
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X.
Shipboard chirp data
A total of 246 chirp profiles (~ 1750 km) were collected during Leg I, along with EM302 recordings. Almost all the Marmara Shear zone was systematically covered with chirp profiling to improve fault geometry and gas distribution knowledge. Chirp profiles distribution: -
Cinarcik Basin: 58 profiles Southern shelf: 26 profiles Kumburgaz basin: 32 profiles Central High: 18 profiles Central Basin: 36 profiles Western High: 42 profiles Tekirdag Basin: 34 profiles
The Chirp signal length is 50 ms, the frequency bandwidth of 1.8 – 5.3 kHz. The acquisition system can be set either in simple shot or in imbricated shots modes. The shot spacing depends on water depth (with a minimum of 1 shot every 800 ms). The penetration in sediments is about 50 to 70 ms twt, whilst the whole recording duration is ~ 250 ms. The ship velocity is either 5 or 8 knots. The data were first acquired by SUBOP V2 software (IFREMER), which also performs all navigation and attitude corrections (SIMRAD 1000 system), to produce an output SEG-Y file. The data are then correlated with the theoretical Chirp signal. Corrections of envelope, spherical divergence and delay are eventually applied. Output seg-y lines correspond to 2589 shots. Therefore, they were cut and merged, in order to reject data acquired on steep slopes or during the ship’s gyration. The resulting SU files (after cut and merge) are listed in Appendix 5. Plots of each SU profile were produced in post-script format, in order to be included in the Marmara project GIS. The resulting images and the corresponding navigation are in: CHIRP_LEGI>REPLAY_PROCESSING>sequence_matlab_SUBOP_Su>FICHIERS_SU_et_IMAGES CHIRP_LEGI>REPLAY_PROCESSING>sequence_matlab_SUBOP_Su>Navigation
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Fig. X.1. Distribution of all chirp profiles acquired during the Marmesonet cruise, LegI.
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Fig. XI.2. Example of Ship’s track (top) and chirp data (bottom) for Line 0005.
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Fig. XI.2. Example of Ship’s track (top) and chirp data (bottom) for Line 0135.
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APPENDIX 1 Cruise participants, Leg I G
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Institution
M M M M M M M M M F F F F F M M
Ifremer CEREGE ITU Genavir Genavir Genavir Genavir Genavir IFREMER IFREMER IFREMER CEREGE GEOMAR UPMC MTA ITU KOERI KOERI METU IFREMER ITU IFREMER IFREMER COMU DEU
15
16
17
M F M M F M
Fonction
Chief Sci. Co-Chief Co-Chief AUV AUV AUV EM-302 EM-302 AUV AUV Acoustics Heat Flow OBS SIG Geol Coring
07/11 08:00 08/11 18:00
Géli Henry Cagatay Placaud Houard Fauvin Le Bris Kergoat Normand Guérin Dugornay Scalabrin Grall Dannowski Dupré Yurtsever
07/11 08:00 10/11 18:00
Özeren
Guérin Grall
10-14/11
14-25/11
Central High
Western High
Géli Henry Özeren Placaud Houard Fauvin Le Bris Kergoat Normand Guérin Scalabrin Grall
Géli Henry Çakır Placaud Houard Fauvin Le Bris Kergoat Normand Guérin Scalabrin Grall
Dupré
Dupré
Acar Comoglu Tezcan
BOB Tech/ Geol. Geoch. BOB Tech Geol Kingdom
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Bignon Ruffine Jan Elbek Saritas
78
E-mail list: IFREMER Laurent Bignon Olivier Dugornay Jacky Dupont Louis Géli Charline Guérin Romain Jan Alain Normand Pascal Pichavant Jean-Pierre Regnault Livio Ruffine Carla Scalabrin Jean-Baptiste Tary
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
CEREGE Pierre Henry
[email protected] Céline Grall
[email protected] UPMC Stéphanie Dupré
[email protected]
GEOMAR Anke Dannowski
[email protected]
ITU Dursun Acar Namik Cagatay Ziyadin Çakir Sinan Ozeren
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
DEU Hakan Saritas
[email protected]
MTA Sukru Yurtsever
[email protected]
COMU Sebnem Elmek
[email protected]
KOERI Mustafa Comoglu
[email protected]
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
79
APPENDIX 2: MARMESONET LEG I LOG OF OPERATIONS Task
deg Lat
min Lat
deg Long
min Long
speed knts
04/11/2009 22:00 04/11/2009 22:33
40 40
43,41
29 28
5,39 7,01
5 5
WP1 WP10
05/11/2009 18:38 05/11/2009 05:12 05/11/2009 05:41
40 40 40
48 42, 958 42,389
28 29 29
52,81 7,054 7,502
5 5 8
MAL-AUV1 MAL-AUV1 MAL-AUV1 MAL-AUV1 MAL-AUV1 MAL-AUV1 MAL-AUV1
05/11/0906:19:00 05/11/0906:28:00 05/11/0907:40:00 05/11/0908:31:00 05/11/0913:20:00 05/11/0914:20:00 05/11/0914:36:00
40 40 40 40 40 40 40
42,391 42,387 42,293 42,251 43,776 43,792 43,927
29 29 29 29 29 29 29
7,298 7,48 7,303 7,198 4,937 6,085 6,296
Point
Departure Istanbul EM302 Start calibration End calibration EM-302 / Chirp Begin Profile P1 End Profile P5 Transit
date 05/11/2009 06:00
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
No recording on Nov 4th due to error in workpermission dates
Dive1: No recording
AUV Dive 1 start ER-60 AUV in water 1st try AUV in water 2nd try AUV start recording AUV end recording AUV on board End ER-60
Observations
80
deg
min
deg
min
40 40
43,927 44,036
29 28
6,296 48,511
28 28
48,514 48,501'
speed
Observations
EM-302 start P6 8 nœuds end P6
WP11 WP12
05/11/2009 14:36 05/11/2009 16:16
HeatFlow Begin HF End HF EM-302 / Chirp P7P13 Begin P7 - 6 Knts End P11 Begin P12 8 knts End P13 4 knts
No measure. Winch controllerfailure. HF1.1 1st try HF1.1 1st try
05/11/2009 16:31 05/11/2009 17:29
40 40
43,989 44,015'
WP13 WP23 WP3 WP4
05/11/2009 17:45 06/11/2009 02:50 06/11/2009 03:24 06/11/2009 04:30
40 40 40 40
44,397 47,601 43,379 42,929
28 28 29 29
48,666 58,699 5,509 7,092
MAL-AUV2 MAL-AUV2 MAL-AUV2 MAL-AUV2 MAL-AUV2
06/11/2009 04:57 06/11/2009 05:30 06/11/2009 07:39 06/11/2009 14:13 06/11/2009 14:51
40 40 40 40 40
42,883 42,59 42,388 43,920 44,240
29 29 29 29 29
5,445 6,935 7,303 5,264 5,038
6 6 6 8 4
Change shiptime from TU+2 to TU+3
AUV/Dive 2 On site AUV in water AUV start recording AUV end recording AUV on board
Pb while descending. On surface again: 06:30 Start Profile P1 End Recording P7
BOB
test BUC OK
End Test BUC
06/11/2009 15:17
40
44,414
29
4,964
06/11/2009 15:30 06/11/2009 16:18 06/11/2009 17:43
40 40 40
44,414 41,796 44,969
29 29 28
4,964 6,051 53,982
HF2.1
06/11/109 17:47
40
44,968
28
53,957
HF2.1
06:11/09 19:27
EM302/Chirp Begin Survey End Survey
10,0 8,0
Survey near BOB deployment site to assess best place
Heat Flow Begin HF End HF
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
Coordinates of penetration
81
deg
min
deg
min
speed
Observations
06/11/2009 19:54
40 40
28 28
Bubble chasing in Ciinarçik Basin
07/11/2009 04:21
40
Transfer Transfer
End
07/11/2009 04:21 07/11/2009 05:47
40 40
53,983 54,139 59,381 59,381
8,0 8,0
End survey
44,963 43,516 49,058 49,058
117 101 PZB
07/11/2009 06:12 07/11/2009 07:00 07/11/2009 07:03
40 40 40
Bulle_1
07/11/2009 08:10
40
Bulle_2
07/11/2009 08:33
40
43,159 43,159 43,130
Begin Deploy End Check
07/11/2009 09:11 07/11/2009 15:40
40 40
118 Geomar2 119 123 Geomar2 124 127
07/11/2009 16:47 07/11/2009 18:28 07/11/2009 20:18 07/11/2009 21:01 07/11/2009 23:19 07/11/2009 23:50 08/11/2009 04:22
MAL-AUV3 MAL-AUV3 MAL-AUV3 MAL-AUV3
08/11/2009 04:38 08/11/2009 05:19 08/11/2009 07:06 08/11/2009 14:00
EM302/Chirp Begin survey
HF2.1
06/11/2009 19:27
49,204
28 29 29
5,236
6,0 10,0 0,0
Out: Grall, Guérin, Cagatay In: Dugornay, Dannowski, Sailhan, Ozeren
EM302/Chirp 46,791 43,333
29 29 29
6,104 7,167
29
7,024 06,960' 7,035
43,140 43,140
29 29
7,000 7,000
40 40 40 40 40 40 40
43,000 37,883 48,000 51,280 53,350 51,400 46,289
28 28 28 28 28 28 29
54,000 52,131 35,600 10,182 4,100 4,100 6,317
40 40 40 40
46.343 46,183 46,243 46,984
29 29 29 29
6.346 6,104 5,981 6,157
29
8,0 5,0 5,0 5,0
Station above bulle_1 Refine posiion ofBulle_2
BOB BOB
2 tests needed as Ultra-Short Baseline has not released
EM302/chirp OBS-Geomar1 Begin Survey End Survey OBS-Geomar2 Begin Survey End survey
8,0 8,0 9,5 9,5 9,5 9,5 9,5
AUV/Dive3 On site AUV in water AUV start recording AUV end recording
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
NO RECORD ON P1 ANOMALY ON DATA RECORD DUE TO ERROR ON DEPTH RANGE RELATED TO TRUNCATED VELOCITY PROFILE
82
AUV on board TRANSFER Begin End
MAL-AUV3 TRANSFER Begin End
08/11/2009 14:34
deg 40
min 47,062
deg 29
min 5,428
speed
Observations
08/11/2009 15:30 08/11/2009 15:40
40 40
48,470 48,470
29 29
1,985 1,985
IN: Grall, Guérin In: Dugornay, Dannowski, Sailhan
HF2.8
08/11/2009 16:32 08/11/2009 17:42 08/11/2009 18:21 08/11/2009 19:43
40 40 40 40
50,604 50,604 49,752 49,752
28 28 28 28
55,767 55,767 55,44 55,44
Data OK. Probable presence of gas in core
08/11/2009 20:10 09/11/2009 00:09
40 40
51,4 43,155
28 29
55 7,272
Heat Flow Begin HF End HF Begi HF End HF EM302/CHIRP Begin Survey End survey BOB Begin check End check
HF2.7
136 BOB BOB BOB
09/11/2009 00:04 09/11/2009 01:49
40 40
43,155 43,135
29 29
7,272 6,898
MAL-AUV4 MAL-AUV4 MAL-AUV4 MAL-AUV4 MAL-AUV4
09/11/2009 03:36 09/11/2009 04:56 09/11/2009 05:44 09/11/2009 12:04 09/11/2009 13:03
40 40 40 40 40
44,184 43,201 43,223 43,201 41,436
29 29 29 29 29
11,041 10,283 10,287 10,283 8,867
148 149 150 151 152
09/11/2009 13:36 09/11/2009 14:48 09/11/2009 14:59 09/11/2009 15:08 09/11/2009 00:00
40 40 40 40 40
41,875 43,860 44,220 43,400 43,782
29 29 29 29 29
10,796 23,720 22,860 23,040 22,968
MEI06-1 MEI06-2 MEG06
09/11/2009 15:30 09/11/2009 16:04 09/11/2009 17:01
40 40 40
43,752 43,752 43,752
29 29 29
22,968 22,968 22,968
Data OK. Core expands 6 8 No answer from BOB. Problem on MODEM. impossibility to turn OFF transponder Decision to leave as is.
AUV/Dive4 On site AUV in water AUV start recording AUV end recording AUV on board
NO RECORDING
EM-302/Chirp 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0
cross coverage of coring area with CHIRP and EM302
CORING End operations
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
Gravity Core Interface Core (RonanBerg) 83
deg
min
deg
min
speed
Observations
EM-302/ Chirp
Start CTD
153 154 156 157 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 MAL-AUV5
09/11/2009 17:48 09/11/2009 19:03 09/11/2009 19:29 09/11/2009 20:35 09/11/2009 20:43 09/11/2009 21:22 09/11/2009 21:28 09/11/2009 23:00 09/11/2009 23:07 10/11/2009 01:08 10/11/2009 01:20 10/11/2009 03:03 10/11/2009 04:00
40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40
43,233 48,278 51,800 43,520 42,800 42,800 42,400 42,400 42,000 42,000 41,600 41,600 47,611
29 28 28 28 28 29 29 28 28 28 29 28 29
13,592 57,880 56,180 53,500 54,000 1,000 1,000 44,000 44,000 44,000 3,000 50,499 2,238
MAL-AUV5 MAL-AUV5 AUV5 AUV5 AUV5
10/11/2009 04:27 10/11/2009 07:00 10/11/2009 07:40 10/11/2009 07:46 10/11/2009 08:23
40
47,587
29
2,387
AUV5 HF2.6
10/11/2009 09:24 10/11/2009 10:49
40 40
47.422 48,931
29 28
1,860 55,153
HF2.6
10/11/2009 10:49 10/11/2009 12:50 10/11/2009 13:14 10/11/2009 14:22 10/11/2009 13:14 10/11/2009 14:22
40
48,945
28
55,188
40
48,190
28
55,018
40
47,377
28
54,750
AUV Dive 5 On site/ CTD AUV in water AUV start recording AUV end recording AUV on board
Short test to check if data is correct. The data recovered on board showed pb on navigation. Decision taken to cancel dive.
EM302/Chirp Begin Transit End Transit HEAT FLOW Begin HF End HF Begin HF End HF Begin HF End HF
HF2.5 HF2.4
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
8,0 8,0
84
deg TRANSFER Begin End
TRANSFER Begin End
min
deg
min
speed
10/11/2009 16:00 10/11/2009 16:30
Observations IN: Elbek, Acar, Comoglu OUT: Bignon, Jan, Yurtsever
HEAT FLOW Begin HF End HF
HF2.23
10/11/2009 18:01 10/11/2009 19:00
40
46,159
28
54,271
319C AUV6
10/11/2009 09:00 10/11/2009 22:02 01/11/2009 04:00
40 40 40
46,631 50,276 51,484
28 28 28
54,262 29,560 34,367
On site
MAL-AUV6
11/11/2009 04:00
40
51,484
28
34,367
AUV in water
MAL-AUV6
11/11/2009 05:05
40
51,484
28
34,367
AUV start recording AUV end recording AUV on board
AUV6 AUV6 AUV6
11/11/2009 05:12 11/11/2009 13:15 11/11/2009 13:34
40 40 40
51,484 51,484 51,484
28 28 28
34,367 34,367 34,367
208 HF1.4
11/11/2009 13:45 11/11/2009 14:25 11/11/2009 15:38
40 40 40
46,631 47,965 51,484
28 28 28
54,262 35,677 34,367
11/11/2009 15:44 11/11/2009 16:10
40
46,159
28
54,271
EM302/CHIRP Begin Profiling End Profiling
6,0 6,0
Survey in heavy ship traffic zone Meeting point with coastguard
AUV Dive 6 Data OK
EM302/CHIRP Begin Transit
8,0 8,0 8,0
Survey in heavy ship traffic zone Meeting point with coastguard
HEAT FLOW Begin HF End HF
HF1.4
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
Cable hanged around sensor on top of weight. Stop Heat Flow
85
deg
min
deg
min
speed 8,0 8,0 8,0 8,0 8,0 8,0 8,0
Observations
EM302/CHIRP Begin Transit
209 210 211 212 315E 317C 317E AUV7
11/11/2009 17:33 11/11/2009 14:25 11/11/2009 15:38 11/11/2009 19:14 12/11/2009 00:03 12/11/2009 01:59 12/11/2009 02:39 12/11/2009 05:10
40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40
45,967 43,416 50,635 54,317 53,049 51,800 53,800 51,557
28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28
49,108 48,181 50,590 52,826 54,199 36,000 54,000 30,978
On site
AUV7
12/11/2009 05:10
40
51,557
28
30,978
AUV in water
MAL-AUV7
12/11/2009 06:38
40
51,557
28
30,978
AUV start recording AUV end recording AUV on board
AU7 AUV7 AUV7
12/11/2009 05:12 12/11/2009 13:57 12/11/2009 14:18
40 40 40
51,557 51,557 51,557
28 28 28
30,978 30,978 30,978
AUV7 300C HF1.4
12/11/2009 14:30 12/11/2009 14:25 12/11/2009 15:38
40 40 40
51,557 45,095 46,607
28 28 28
30,978 35.959 49,236
HF1.2
12/11/2009 16:29 12/11/2009 17:47 12/11/2009 18:07 12/11/2009 19:06
40
44,795
28
48,734
40
45,574
28
48,949
12/11/2009 19:06 12/11/2009 14:25 12/11/2009 22:05 12/11/2009 22:40 12/11/2009 00:00
40 40 40 40 40
45,574 45,095 52,695 49,787 49,787
28 28 28 28 28
48,949 35.959 29,655 32,357 32,357
AUV Dive 7 DIVE 7 OK
EM302/CHIRP Begin Transit
8,0 8,0 8,0
HEAT FLOW Begin HF End HF Begin HF End HF
HF1.3
EM302/CHIRP Begin Transit
End Transit
HF1.3 321Wbis 321ter 313wbis Stand-By
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
8,0 8,0 8,0 8,0 8,0 86
deg
min
deg
min
speed
Observations
AUV Dive 8 On site
AUV8
13/11/2009 04:03
40
51,449
28
32,258
AUV in water
MAL-AUV8
13/11/2009 05:14
40
51,661
28
32,054
AUV start recording AUV end recording AUV on board
AUV8 AUV8 AUV8
13/11/2009 05:43 13/11/2009 14:00 13/11/2009 14:36
40 40 40
51,736 51,557 50,797
28 28 28
32,306 30,978 33,677
40
51,898
28
32,392
40 40
51,396
28
36,32,499
13/11/2009 17:49 13/11/2009 18:16
40
52,113
28
35,434
13/11/2009 18:25 13/11/2009 19:33 13/11/2009 20:19
40 40 40 40
52,122 51,420 51,867 51,848
28 28 28 28
35,861 32,392 35,426 35,788
DIVE 8 OK
CORING Begin coring End coring
MET09-GR02 MET09-GR02
Gravity Core 8 m. Pore fluid using ITU press
13/11/2009 15:49
EM302 NO CHIRP
4,0
Carla's test on P317 CHIRP and 12 kHz OFF
CORING Begin coring End coring
MET09-GR03 MET09-GR03
EM302/CHIRP Begin Survey Carla's Survey End Survey
MAL-AUV9
4,0 4,0 4,0
WP403, 404, P321 to 28°30'E P319 to 319W, and P318, P316, P315 between 28°30'W and 28°35'W
AUV Dive 9 On site
AUV9
14/11/2009 04:00
40
51,848
28
34,788
AUV in water
MAL-AUV9
14/11/2009 05:00
40
51,818
28
35,123
AUV start recording AUV end recording AUV on board TRANSFER Begin End
AUV9 AUV9 AUV9
14/11/2009 05:28 14/11/2009 14:23 14/11/2009 14:49
40 40 40,000
51,661 56,093 39,455
28 28 39,455
34,889 39,455 39,455
14/11/2009 15:24 14/11/2009 17:06
40 40
56,285 56,285
28 28
41,115 41,115
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
DIVE 9
IN: Cakir, Saritas, Tary, Rufinne, Tezcan OUT: Acar, Elbek, Ozeren, Comoglu
87
deg
min
deg
min
speed
Observations
14/11/2009 17:25 14/11/2009 19:22 14/11/2009 21:29 15/11/2009 04:06
40 40 40 40
50,958 50,826 48,883 40,480
28 28 27 27
17,000 15,396 55,373 47,876
8,0 8,0 8,0 8,0
DBLE PING between 27°50 and 27°57 P323 eastwards to 28°12 ; P322 westwardsto 27°47'W.
near AUV10 MALOAUV10 near AUV10 near AUV10 near AUV10
15/11/2009 04:06
40
40,480
27
47,876
15/11/2009 04:53
40
48,621
27
47,567
15/11/2009 05:03 15/11/2009 14:02 15/11/2009 14:30
40 40 40
48,621 48,621 48,621
27 27 27
47,567 47,567 47,567
MET09-GR04 MET09-GR04
15/11/2009 15:11 15/11/2009 15:43
40
49,046
28
46,820
GRO4 WP860 WP882 WP907 WP920
15/11/2009 15:44 15/11/2009 16:49 15/11/2009 16:52 15/11/2009 16:55 15/11/2009 16:57
40 40 40 40
47,710 47,936 48,192 48,330
27 27 27 27
43,270 43,222 43,189 47,170
GR05 GRO5
15/11/2009 17:21 15/11/2009 17:54
40 40
47,935 47,935
27 27
43,155 43,155
EM302/CHIRP Begin Survey Dble Ping (dual swath) End Survey
320W MEG02 near AUV10
AUV Dive 10 On site AUV in water AUV start recording AUV end recording AUV on board
DIVE 10
CORING Begin coring End coring
Gravity Core 8 m, near KS33 ; H2S smell Pore fluid sampling: Rhizon+ ITU Press
EM302/CHIRP Begin Survey
End Survey
5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0
Search for GR05 south of FZ Shot Point 860 Tamam Line 36 Shot Point 882 Tamam Line 36 Shot Point 907 Tamam Line 36 Shot Point 920 Tamam Line 36
CORING Begin End
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
GR05 core 8 m ; Fluids sampled with ITU Press
88
deg
min
deg
min
speed
Observations
15/11/2009 18:00 15/11/2009 18:47 15/11/2009 18:59 15/11/2009 19:18 15/11/2009 19:35 15/11/2009 19:47 16/11/2009 04:08
40 40 40 40 40 40 40
47,935 47,710 49,792 48,192 48,330 49,300 48,403
27 27 27 27 27 27 27
43,155 43,270 47,575 43,189 47,170 48,387 44,106
5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 8,0 8,0
P324 to 28°16' ; P321 to W to 27°42'E P323 to 27°50' ; P322to 27°42' ; P324
near AUV11 MALOAUV11 near AUV11 near AUV11 near AUV11
16/11/2009 04:06
40
48,403
27
44,116
16/11/2009 04:38
40
48,403
27
44,116
16/11/2009 05:06 16/11/2009 14:21 16/11/2009 14:41
40
48,403
27
44,116
MEI03
16/11/2009 15:31 16/11/2009 15:56 16/11/2009 16:36 16/11/2009 17:18 16/11/2009 17:56 16/11/2009 18:30
40
48,740
27
44,936
Core Interface MET09-MEI03
40
48,889
27
46,636
Küll. MET09-K01. Hit on carbonate crust. Small gas Hydrates samples
40
48,864
27
43,334
EM302/CHIRP Survey over GR04 Survey over GR04 Survey over GR04 Survey over GR04 Begin survey End Survey
K41 K42 K43 K44 on P324 near AUV11
AUV Dive 11 On site AUV in water AUV start recording AUV end recording AUV on board
DIVE 11
CORING Begin End Begin End Begin End
KS25 MEI04
EM302/CHIRP Begin Survey End Survey
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
P325 from 27°41.5 to 28°10 ; 16/11/2009 18:31 17/11/04:11
40 40
48,864 48,843
27 27
43,334 42,852
8,0 8,0
P319to 27°57 ; P326 to 28°08' P318 to 27°58' ; P320 to 27°42'
89
deg
min
deg
min
speed
near AUV12 near AUV12 MALOAUV12 near AUV12 near AUV12 near AUV12
17/11/04:24 17/11/2009 04:20
40 40
48,782 48,843
27 27
42,950 42,852
Observations Problem with Casino on 17/11 between 00:00 and 5:00: no recording New sound speed structure at depth based from CTD taken into account
17/11/2009 05:38
40
48,777
27
42,816
DIVE 12
17/11/2009 06:17 17/11/2009 14:14 17/11/2009 14:36
40 40 40
48,777 49,935 49,367
27 27 27
42,759 42,390 42,618
End Survey
C1 C2 C3 C4 C8
17/11/2009 14:45 17/11/2009 15:26 17/11/2009 15:39 17/11/2009 15:56 17/11/2009 16:03
40 40 40 40 40
49,200 48,377 48,935 49,101 49,049
27 27 27 27 27
47 45,737 44,036 43,942 43,422
CORING
CORING
Begin End Begin End Begin End
MET09-GR06
17/11/2009 16:20 17/11/2009 16:58 17/11/2009 17:42 17/11/2009 18:20 17/11/2009 18:52 17/11/2009 19:21
40 40 40 40 40 40
48,866 48,866 48,433 48,433 48,417 48,417
27 27 27 27 27 27
43,329 43,329 44,036 44,036 44,03 44,03
17/11/2009 19:31 18/11/2009 05:34
40 40
48,778 50,892
27 27
43,63 30,696
AUV Dive 12 CTD On site AUV in water AUV start recording AUV end recording AUV on board
EM302/CHIRP Begin Survey
MET09-GR07 MET09-GR08
8,0 8,0 8,0 8,0 6,0
MEG04 (Namik's core). Western High GR07: 1st on potential gaz hydrate site south of FZ. No GH found. GR08: 2nd try south of FZ No GH
EM302/CHIRP Begin Survey End Survey
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
Survey from the GH zone north of FZ to the reflective zone with bubbles of the southern flank
8,0 8,0
Tekirdag basin: survey on foot slopes Survey of the northern part of the western slope of Tekirdag basin
90
deg
min
deg
min
speed
Observations
AUV Dive 13 On site AUV in water AUV start recording AUV end recording AUV on board
near AUV-13 MALO AUV13 near AUV-13 near AUV-13 near AUV-13
18/11/2009 04:10
40
50,892
27
30,696
18/11/2009 04:51
40
49,539
27
31,106
18/11/2009 05:35 18/11/2009 14:37 18/11/2009 15:03
40 40 40
49,637 50,600 50,584
27 27 27
31,116 28,200 30,750
MEG05
18/11/2009 15:52 18/11/2009 16:17 18/11/2009 16:44 18/11/2009 17:36 18/11/2009 18:13 18/11/2009 18:59
40
47,721
27
27,607
40
47,703
27
27,561
40
47,691
27
27,56
DIVE 13
CORING Begin End Begin End Begin End
MEI05-1 MEI05-2
Namik's core. Near Ganos bend (MEG05=MET09-GR09) 1st try with Seismoturbidites in interface core 2nd try again with Seismoturbidites
EM302/CHIRP Begin Survey End Survey Begin with no chirp End with no chirp
8,0 8,0 4,0 4,0
Systematic chirp profiling across Tekirdag Basin profile orientation N317 low ship velocity over Boris bubbler
T1 T15
18/11/2009 19:10 19/11/2009 04:03 19/11/2009 04:03 19/11/2009 04:49
40 40 40 40
45,785 50,453 40,453 50,856
27 27 27 27
28,325 30,989 30,684 31,664
near AUV-14 MALOAUV14 near AUV-14 near AUV-14 near AUV-14
19/11/2009 04:49
40
50,856
27
31,664
19/11/2009 05:43
40
50,974
27
31,663
DIVE 14
19/11/2009 05:57 19/11/2009 13:12 19/11/2009 13:43
40 40 40
50,974 51,845 51,883
27 27 27
31,663 32,053 32,575
shorter dive to allow heat flow measurements
AUV Dive 14 On site AUV in water AUV start recording AUV end recording AUV on board
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
91
deg
min
deg
min
19/11/2009 14:06 19/11/2009 15:02 19/11/2009 15:17 19/11/2009 16:18 19/11/2009 16:39 19/11/2009 17:33
40
51,975
27
32,907
40
51,793
27
33,254
40
50,923
27
34,588
MET09-GR10
19/11/2009 18:29 19/11/2009 19:02
40
48,219
27
37,743
Z1 Z18
19/11/2009 00:00 20/11/2009 03:49
40 40
48,067 50,602
27 27
36,922 56,473
20/11/2009 04:22
40
49,910
27
57,249
20/11/2009 05:07
40
49,821
27
57,223
AUV start recording AUV lost
near AUV-15 MALOAUV15 near AUV-15 near AUV-15
AUV release
near AUV-15
20/11/2009 11:57
AUV on surface AUV on board
near AUV-15 near AUV-15
20/11/2009 13:00 20/11/2009 13:28
HF4.1
20/11/2009 14:47 20/11/2009 15:14 20/11/2009 15:19 20/11/2009 16:08 20/11/2009 16:24 20/11/2009 17:27
speed
Observations
HEAT FLOW Begin End Begin End Begin End
HF3.1 HF3.2 HF3.3
Complete MarNaut heat flow profile from Tekirdag basin
CORING Begin End
Core for geotechnical measurements.
EM302/CHIRP Begin Survey End Survey
8,0 8,0
Foot of N escarpment of Tekirdag B. Systematic survey of N part of W High
AUV Dive 15 On site AUV in water
20/11/2009 06:07 20/11/2009 11:50
40,00 49.275 27,000 57,134 PB on the GPS of the Global Acoustic Positioning System of AUV
Dive 15 failure of GPS data transmitted to AUV results in early pop-up Release order sent by ship at 11:57. AUV found again on surface: 13:00 34,5 km recording only
40
49,787
27
56,907
40
49,093
27
46,656
40
49,189
27
46,554
Yoyo measurement
40
49,056
27
96,8
New liner. Traces of oil in core. Presence of Gas Hyd. highly suspected
HEAT FLOW Begin End Begin End Begin End
HF4.1bis HF4.2
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
92
deg
min
deg
min
speed
Observations
EM302 Only Begin Survey End Survey
Z21 Z22
20/11/2009 17:46 20/11/2009 19:43
40 40
48,656 49,326
27 27
44,715 55,000
4,0 4,0
Slow speed, no chirp, no 12 kHz along the fault valley
Z22 Z31
21/11/2009 03:51
40 40
49,326 47,775
27 28
55,000 4,308
4,0 9,0
EM302+Chirp across Central B. and and S part of central high to Cinarçik B.
40
47,660
29
2,182
EM302/CHIRP Begin Survey End Survey
AUV Dive 16 On site AUV in water AUV start recording AUV end recording AUV on board
near AUV-16 MALOAUV16 near AUV-16 near AUV-16 near AUV-16
21/11/2009 03:51
MET09-K02
21/11/2009 05:10 21/11/2009 06:10 21/11/2009 14:44 21/11/2009 14:54
Dive 16 Box 1c northern slope of Cinarçik Basin
40
47,000
29
5,373
21/11/2009 15:45 21/11/2009 17:03
40
44,088
29
7,185
Core for geotechnical measurements near Piezo C in Cinarçik Basin
MET09-K02 Z45
21/11/09 17:03 22/11/2009 04:07
40 40
44,226 49,781
29 28
6,760 17,585
From Cinarçik B. across S Central High across Kumburgazsand S Central B.
MEI02
22/11/2009 04:51 22/11/2009 05:19 22/11/2009 05:23 22/11/2009 06:04
40 40 40 40
50,863 40,850 50,839 50,883
28 28 28 28
15,385 15,355 15,376 15,273
Interface core (ITU) named MEG02
CORING Begin End
EM302/CHIRP Begin End Survey
CORING Begin End Begin End
MEG02
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
Gravity core (ITU)MEG02 (=MET09-GR012)
93
deg
min
deg
min
speed
Observations
22/11/2009 07:51 22/11/2009 07:51 22/11/2009 09:23 22/11/2009 10:31 22/11/2009 11:11 22/11/2009 12:14 22/11/2009 12:50 22/11/2009 13:49
40
53,131
28
1,675
40
51,988
28
1,683
40
49,499
28
1,685
40
48,384
28
1,682
near AUV-16 MALOAUV16
22/11/2009 13:51
40
48,313
28
1,733
Test dive after change of payload
22/11/2009 15:26
40
48,302
28
1,685
from EM2000 to Chirp Sediment Profiler
HF6.5
22/11/2009 17:02 22/11/2009 17:58 22/11/2009 18:24 22/11/2009 19:13
40
49,170
27
53,719
40
49,037
27
53,701
HF6.5=Z46 Z73
22/11/2009 17:02 23/11/2009 03:59
40 40
49,025 49,084
27 27
53,645 43,010
near AUV-18 MALOAUV18 near AUV18 near AUV18 near AUV18
23/11/2009 03:59
40
49,084
27
43,010
23/11/2009 05:10
40
48,906
27
42,842
Dive 18 (CHIRP)
23/11/2009 05:27 23/11/2009 13:47 23/11/2009 14:46
40 40 40
48,874 48,512 48,512
27 27 27
42,867 41,607 41,697
Basin in western part of W. High Stop recording at 18/11/2009 07:22:24
HEAT FLOW Begin End Begin End Begin End Begin End
HF5.3 HF5.6 HF5.13 HF5.16
water depth: 1223 m
AUV Dive 17 AUV in water AUV onboard
Dive 17
HEAT FLOW Begin End Begin End
HF6.3
EM302/CHIRP Begin End
8,0 8,0
northern part of Tekirdag B. and bordering margin of Thrace B.
AUV Dive 18 On site AUV in water AUV start recording AUV end recording AUV on board
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
94
deg
min
deg
min
speed
CORING Begin coring End coring
Observations No Gas Hydrates in core but GH dissociation highly suspected. Gas bubbles while corer up to surface
MET09-K03
23/11/09 17:26 23/11/2009 18:25
40
49,507
27
55,292
Z75 Z85
23/11/2009 18:53 24/11/2009 03:30
40 40
48,842 42,288
27 29
55,465 7,150
8,0 8,0
Chasing bubbles in the south part of the Sea of Marmara
near BOB near BOB
24/11/2009 03:39 24/11/2009 04:18
40 40
42,208 42,554
29 29
7,715 7,754
5,0 5,0
Detailed survey no Chirp on BOB area
near AUV-19 MALOAUV19 near AUV19 near AUV19 near AUV19
24/11/2009 04:18
40
48,000
29
7,754
24/11/2009 05:21
40
41,978
29
9,164
Dive 19 (CHIRP)
24/11/2009 06:03 24/11/2009 11:30 24/11/2009 12:29
40
41,983
29,000
9,07
Entrance of Izmit Gulf
40
44,003
29
16,385
Stop recording at 24/11/2009 11:29:21 AUV pops up (slope too steep)
HF 2.0
24/11/2009 15:37 24/11/2009 16:43 24/11/2009 17:59 24/11/2009 18:48
40
43,615
28
53,64
40
48,167
28
49,798
HF2.6 near Istanbul
24/11/2009 18:53 25/11/2009 03:49
40 40
48,842 52,512
27 28
55,465 54,511
8,0 8,0
Chasing bubbles in S part of SoM Imrali basin and around Imrali Island
40 40
52,713 53,396
28 28
54,829 55,822
8,0 8,0
STOP CHIRP STOP EM302
ISTANBUL
25/11/2009 03:53 25/11/2009 04:10 25/11/2009 06:00
EM302/CHIRP Begin End
EM302 Begin End
AUV Dive 19 On site AUV in water AUV start recording AUV pops up AUV on board
HEAT FLOW Begin End Begin End
HF 2.6
EM302/CHIRP Begin End
END OF LEG I PORT CALL
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
95
Appendix 3: Core samples Designation IW IWR HC Bivalvs CARB WOOD
Explanation intersticial water sampling with squeezer (Pierre Henry, shared with Livio) intersticial water sampling with rhyzon (Livio Ruffine, shared with Pierre) sediment samples for hydrocarbon analysis (Livio Ruffine) Bivalvs (Stéphanie Dupré) carbonate crusts (Stéphanie Dupré) piece of wood (Pierre Henry) Depth in Interval fluid CORE SECTION sample code solids fluid IC (cm) core ICP (m) GR01: 2,85 m, 3 sections No fluid sampling. Core analyzed at ITU for paleo-seismicity studies (=MEG02). GR02: 6,9 m, 7 sections, void from II,35 to III,40 GR02 1 95 100 1 IW x 10ml 10ml GR02 3 95 100 3 IW x GR02 4 95 100 4 IW x 10ml 3ml GR02 5 95 100 5 IW x 10ml 5ml GR02 6 95 100 6 IW x 5ml 5ml GR02 CC 7 HC 2 bags GR03: 4,93 m, 5 sections 10 GR03 1 95 100 1 IW x 10+5 ml ml 10 GR03 2 95 100 2 IW x 10 ml ml 10 GR03 3 95 100 3 IW x 10 ml ml 10 GR03 4 95 100 4 iW x 5 ml ml GR03 CC 5 HC 1 Bag GR04: 5,70 m, 6 sections, section III void, voids from II,60 to IV,50 and from IV,75 to IV,100 bivalv shells GR04 1 0 1 0 (SD) GR04 1 95 100 1 HC 1 bag GR04 5 0 10 4,1 HC 1 bag GR04 5 95 100 5 HC 1 bag GR04 6 2 3 5,03 CARB 1 bag concretion GR05: 5,89 m, 6 sections GR05 1 95 100 1 HC 1 bag GR05 2 95 100 2 HC 1 bag GR05 3 95 100 3 HC 1 bag GR05 4 95 100 4 HC 1 bag GR05 5 95 100 5 HC 1 bag GR05 CC 5,9 HC GR05 1 25 0,25 IWR 7 ml GR05 2 50 1,5 IWR 7 ml GR05 3 10 2,1 IWR 7 ml GR05 3 90 2,9 IWR 7 ml GR05 4 50 3,5 IWR 7 ml GR05 5 50 4,5 IWR 7 ml GR05 6 10 5,1 IWR 7 ml GR05 6 74 5,74 IWR 7 ml
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
96
K01: 0 m, carbonates mud and hydrate in core catcher but gas hydrates notsampled K01 CC Hydrate 2cc K01 CC CARB 2 bags K01 CC HC 1 bag whose one small living K01 CC Bivalvs bivalve GR06/MEG04: 4,53 m GR06 CC HC 1 bag GR07: 4,62 m, 5 sections, 20 cm lost from top of section 1 -> I(20-120) … V(420-462) 0GR07 0,2 surface 1 bag 20 GR07 CC 4,65 HC 1 bag GR07 1 30 0,5 IWR 1 ml GR07 1 80 1 IWR 0 GR07 2 20 1,4 IWR 7 ml GR07 2 80 2 IWR 3 ml GR07 3 50 2,7 IWR 3 ml GR07 4 50 3,7 IWR 0 GR07 5 40 4,6 IWR 7 ml GR08: 4,95 m, 5 sections GR08 1 95 100 1 HC 1 bag GR08 2 95 100 2 HC 1 bag GR08 3 95 100 3 HC 1 bag GR08 4 95 100 4 HC 1 bag GR08 CC HC 1 bag GR08 4 93 95 3,93 WOOD 1 bag GR08 1 20 0,2 IWR 3 ml GR08 1 80 0,8 IWR 5ml GR08 2 20 1,2 IWR 7 ml GR08 2 80 1,8 IWR 7 ml GR08 3 20 2,2 IWR 7 ml GR08 3 80 2,8 IWR 7 ml GR08 4 20 3,2 IWR 5 ml GR08 4 80 3,8 IWR 7 ml GR08 5 20 4,2 IWR 4 ml GR08 5 80 4,8 IWR 4 ml GR09/MEG05: 3,07 m, 3 sections = I(0-100) II(100-200) III(200,307) GR09 CC 3,1 HC MEI05: 28,5 cm corer failed to close, 28,5cm were kept in tube a few more, sandy were salvaged in plastic box. MEI05 bis: 57 cm at same location MEI05 0 0 0 Seawater 2l GR10: 3,10 m, 3 sections = I(0-100) II(100-200) III(200,310) GR10 GR10 1 20 0,2 IWR 7 ml GR10 1 50 0,5 IWR 7 ml GR10 2 20 1,2 IWR 7 ml GR10 2 50 1,5 IWR 7 ml GR10 3 20 2,2 IWR 7 ml GR10 3 50 2,5 IWR 7 ml
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
97
GR11: 6,61m, 7 sections HC 1 bag concretions 95 100 CARB GR12/MEG02: 3,87m, 4 sections R12 cc HC 1 bag K02: 6,60 m, 7 cm lost from section 1 -> I(7-107) … VII (607-660) K02 0 7 0,07 surface 1 bag K03: 6,65 m, 5 cm lost from section I -> I(5-105) …VII (605-665), void in section VI K03 0 5 0,05 surface 1 bag K03 2 0 5 1 CARB 1 bag K03 7 60 65 6,6 CARB 1 bag K03 1 20 0,25 IWR 5 ml K03 1 80 0,85 IWR 1 ml K03 2 20 1,25 IWR 7 ml K03 2 80 1,85 IWR 7 ml 7 ml + 2 K03 3 20 2,25 IWR ml K03 3 80 2,85 IWR 5 ml K03 4 20 3,25 IWR 7 ml K03 4 80 3,85 IWR 7 ml K03 5 20 4,25 IWR 5 ml K03 5 80 4,85 IWR 5 ml K03 6 20 5,25 IWR 5 ml K03 6 80 5,85 IWR 3 ml K03 7 20 6,25 IWR 5 ml K03 7 50 6,55 IWR 3 ml GR13: 1,05m, 1 section GR13 cc HC 2 bag GR11 GR11
cc 2
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
98
CORE GR02 GR02 GR02 GR02 GR02 GR03 GR03 GR03 GR03 GR04 GR04 GR05 GR05 GR05 GR05 GR05 GR06/MEG04 GR06/MEG04 GR06/MEG04 GR06/MEG04 GR07 GR07 GR07 GR07 GR08 GR08 GR08 GR08 GR09/MEG05 GR09/MEG05 GR10 GR10 GR12 GR12 GR12 K02 K02 K02 K02 K02 K03 K03 K03
SECTION
Appendix 4: Shear Strength of core samples by Torvane readings
2 4 5 6 7 2 3 4 5 2 6 2 3 4 5 6 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 2 3 2 3 2 3 4 2 3 4 5 6 3 6 7
Depth Depth Shear in corrected Interval core for voids Torvane Strength (cm) (kPa) Observation (m) (m) reading 0 1 1 5 10,722 0 3 1,95 4,9 10,508 0 4 2,95 5,4 11,58 0 5 3,95 8,5 18,228 0 6 4,95 8 17,156 0 1 1 5,1 10,9368 0 2 2 4,6 9,86454 0 3 3 6,5 13,939 0 4 4 7,2 15,4402 0 1 1 3,3 7,0767 1 5,1 2,95 2,8 6,0045 remolded 0 1 1 2,8 6,0045 0 2 2 4 8,57786 0 3 3 4 8,57786 0 4 4 4,9 10,5079 0 5 5 5,2 11,1512 0 1 1 3,5 7,5056 0 2 2 3,9 8,3634 0 3 3 5,3 11,366 0 4 4 5,6 12,009 0 1,2 1,2 4,1 8,79231 0 2,2 2,2 4,3 9,2212 0 3,2 3,2 7,5 16,0835 0 4,2 4,2 8,5 18,228 0 1 1 3,3 7,0767 0 2 2 3,7 7,9345 0 3 3 4,2 9,0068 0 4 4 6 12,867 0 1 1 3,7 7,93452 0 2 2 6 12,8668 0 1 1 4 8,5779 0 2 2 5,15 11,044 0 1 1 4,6 9,86454 0 2 2 7,1 15,2257 0 3 3 5,8 12,4379 0 1,07 1,07 2 4,2889 0 2,07 2,07 3,9 8,3634 0 3,07 3,07 6,2 13,296 0 4,07 4,07 5,5 11,795 0 5,07 5,07 5,3 11,366 0 2,05 2,05 1,25 2,68058 foamy like 0 6,05 6,05 3 6,4334 remolded 0 7,05 7,05 5 10,7223 remolded
Shear strength = Torvane reading * Torvane constant Torvane constant = 2,144466 kPa = 0,2186 kg/cm2 Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
99
Appendix 5: List of Shipboard Chirp Profiles collected during Leg I Filename SU0001_D20091104_T192806 SU0001_D20091104_T192806 SU0001_D20091104_T200903 SU0001_D20091104_T200903 SU0001_D20091104_T205000 SU0001_D20091104_T205000 SU0001_D20091104_T213121 SU0001_D20091104_T213121 SU0001_D20091104_T221251 SU0001_D20091104_T221251 SU0001_D20091104_T221251 SU0001_D20091104_T221251 SU0001_D20091104_T230250 SU0001_D20091104_T230250 SU0001_D20091104_T234407 SU0001_D20091104_T234407 SU0001_D20091105_T002522 SU0001_D20091105_T002522 SU0001_D20091105_T002522 SU0001_D20091105_T002522 SU0001_D20091105_T010637 SU0001_D20091105_T010637 SU0001_D20091105_T014724 SU0001_D20091105_T014724 SU0001_D20091105_T023151 SU0001_D20091105_T023151 SU0001_D20091105_T031450 SU0001_D20091105_T031450 SU0001_D20091105_T035525 SU0001_D20091105_T035525 SU0001_D20091105_T035525 SU0001_D20091105_T035525 SU0001_D20091105_T043634 SU0001_D20091105_T043634 SU0002_D20091105_T143804 SU0002_D20091105_T143804 SU0002_D20091105_T151942 SU0002_D20091105_T151942 SU0002_D20091105_T155723 SU0002_D20091105_T155723 SU0003_D20091105_T174616 SU0003_D20091105_T174616 SU0003_D20091105_T182507 SU0003_D20091105_T182507 SU0003_D20091105_T182507 SU0003_D20091105_T182507 Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
Profil name P001 P001 P001 P001 P001 P001 P001 P001 P001 P001 P002 P002 P002 P002 P002 P002 P002 P002 P003 P003 P003 P003 P003 P003 P004 P004 P004 P004 P004 P004 P005 P005 P005 P005 P006 P006 P006 P006 P006 P006 P007 P007 P007a P007a P007b P007b
Shotpoints 7565 7767 7768 10356 10357 12945 12946 15534 15535 16305 17934 18123 18124 20712 20713 23301 23302 24506 24832 25890 25891 28479 28480 30179 32268 33657 33658 36246 36247 37121 37262 38835 38836 39831 88 2589 2590 5178 5179 6458 1 2589 2590 3723 3724 4909
Latitude 40,796325 40,794092 40,794078 40,760847 40,760836 40,736128 40,736117 40,710294 40,710281 40,702417 40,699111 40,700897 40,700908 40,722486 40,722494 40,751042 40,751053 40,765511 40,758081 40,743875 40,743861 40,713631 40,713619 40,695719 40,693200 40,710039 40,710053 40,741517 40,741528 40,752261 40,755061 40,736369 40,736350 40,723853 40,732258 40,730400 40,730400 40,734217 40,734214 40,733972 40,740022 40,737936 40,737933 40,735638 40,735661 40,769042
Longitude 28,899431 28,910219 28,910269 28,988678 28,988706 29,058917 29,058944 29,131231 29,131261 29,154636 29,145764 29,140686 29,140661 29,078258 29,078236 28,996872 28,996836 28,955264 28,956347 28,998153 28,998192 29,084142 29,084172 29,135503 29,122589 29,074847 29,074814 28,986436 28,986400 28,955653 28,957275 29,044586 29,044647 29,089522 29,106000 28,999269 28,999269 28,857853 28,857792 28,808533 28,811897 28,920519 28,920564 28,965116 28,965150 28,983236 100
Filename SU0003_D20091105_T182507 SU0003_D20091105_T182507 SU0003_D20091105_T190515 SU0003_D20091105_T190515 SU0003_D20091105_T194651 SU0003_D20091105_T194651 SU0003_D20091105_T202907 SU0003_D20091105_T202907 SU0003_D20091105_T211906 SU0003_D20091105_T211906 SU0003_D20091105_T220109 SU0003_D20091105_T220109 SU0003_D20091105_T224250 SU0003_D20091105_T224250 SU0003_D20091105_T232411 SU0003_D20091105_T232411 SU0003_D20091106_T000623 SU0003_D20091106_T000623 SU0003_D20091106_T005705 SU0003_D20091106_T005705 SU0003_D20091106_T014410 SU0003_D20091106_T014410 SU0003_D20091106_T022601 SU0003_D20091106_T022601 SU0003_D20091106_T022601 SU0003_D20091106_T022601 SU0003_D20091106_T030730 SU0003_D20091106_T030730 SU0006_D20091107_T154122 SU0006_D20091107_T154122 SU0004_D20091106_T205136 SU0004_D20091106_T205136 SU0004_D20091106_T213559 SU0004_D20091106_T213559 SU0004_D20091106_T213559 SU0004_D20091106_T213559 SU0007_D20091107_T185838 SU0007_D20091107_T185838 SU0007_D20091107_T193318 SU0007_D20091107_T193318 SU0008_D20091107_T200226 SU0008_D20091107_T200226 SU0008_D20091107_T200226 SU0008_D20091107_T200226 SU0008_D20091107_T204807 SU0008_D20091107_T204807 SU0008_D20091107_T204807 SU0008_D20091107_T204807 SU0008_D20091107_T214525 SU0008_D20091107_T214525 SU0008_D20091107_T214525 Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
Profil name P008 P008 P008 P008 P008 P008 P009 P009 P009 P009 P009 P009 P010 P010 P010 P010 P010 P010 P011 P011 P011 P011 P011 P011 P012a P012a P012a P012a P016a P016a P021 P021 P021 P021 P022 P022 P031 P031 P031 P031 P032 P032 P033 P033 P033 P033 P034 P034 P034 P034 P036
Shotpoints 4910 5178 5179 7767 7768 10356 11756 12945 12946 15534 15535 17953 18194 20712 20713 23301 23302 24169 27390 28479 28480 31068 31069 32513 33068 33657 33658 35261 1 2589 7078 7767 7768 7995 8014 9882 1 2589 2590 4099 681 2213 2215 2589 2590 3105 3106 5178 5179 5959 6992
Latitude 40,769039 40,766175 40,766164 40,735144 40,735131 40,704900 40,711297 40,724717 40,724728 40,755036 40,755047 40,782303 40,786886 40,755436 40,755422 40,722703 40,722689 40,712078 40,714575 40,730581 40,730597 40,769306 40,769322 40,791036 40,782356 40,765636 40,765611 40,724550 40,720275 40,719058 40,694633 40,710153 40,710175 40,715447 40,715739 40,716981 40,653958 40,716389 40,716419 40,769019 40,800464 40,867311 40,867394 40,868322 40,868325 40,870878 40,870883 40,852706 40,852697 40,847506 40,854886
Longitude 28,983275 28,993056 28,993092 29,079361 29,079397 29,166906 29,167775 29,128850 29,128817 29,044097 29,044064 28,966325 28,969083 29,060533 29,060569 29,153031 29,153067 29,183378 29,196536 29,150008 29,149964 29,039650 29,039606 28,979022 28,994492 29,017831 29,017875 29,086247 29,115156 28,984108 29,134994 29,158956 29,158989 29,166764 29,167542 29,253069 28,816992 28,719967 28,719919 28,637536 28,590042 28,579325 28,579175 28,555269 28,555200 28,509547 28,509481 28,324292 28,324222 28,262369 28,170708 101
Filename SU0008_D20091107_T214525 SU0008_D20091107_T223451 SU0008_D20091107_T223451 SU0008_D20091107_T223451 SU0008_D20091107_T223451 SU0008_D20091107_T231505 SU0008_D20091107_T231505 SU0008_D20091107_T231505 SU0008_D20091107_T231505 SU0008_D20091107_T235539 SU0008_D20091107_T235539 SU0008_D20091108_T004746 SU0008_D20091108_T004746 SU0008_D20091108_T004746 SU0008_D20091108_T004746 SU0008_D20091108_T012406 SU0008_D20091108_T012406 SU0008_D20091108_T012406 SU0008_D20091108_T012406 SU0008_D20091108_T020251 SU0008_D20091108_T020251 SU0008_D20091108_T025404 SU0008_D20091108_T025404 SU0008_D20091108_T033450 SU0008_D20091108_T033450 SU0008_D20091108_T041635 SU0008_D20091108_T041635 SU0009_D20091108_T205318 SU0009_D20091108_T205318 SU0009_D20091108_T205318 SU0009_D20091108_T205318 SU0009_D20091108_T213408 SU0009_D20091108_T213408 SU0009_D20091108_T213408 SU0009_D20091108_T213408 SU0009_D20091108_T221519 SU0009_D20091108_T221519 SU0009_D20091108_T225716 SU0009_D20091108_T225716 SU0009_D20091108_T225716 SU0009_D20091108_T225716 SU0009_D20091108_T225716 SU0009_D20091108_T225716 SU0010_D20091109_T141817 SU0010_D20091109_T141817 SU0010_D20091109_T163654 SU0010_D20091109_T163654 SU0010_D20091109_T171129 SU0010_D20091109_T171129 SU0010_D20091109_T171129 SU0010_D20091109_T171129 Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
Profil name P036 P036 P036 P037 P037 P037 P037 P038 P038 P038 P039 P039 P039 P040 P040 P040 P040 P041a P041a P041a P041a P041b P041b P041b P041b P041b P041b P042b P042b P042c P042c P042d P042d P043 P043 P043 P043 P043 P043 P043a P043a P044 P044 P052 P052 P052a P052a P052a P052a P052b P052b
Shotpoints 7767 7768 9266 9463 10356 10357 12665 12666 12945 12946 15534 15535 17433 17434 18123 18124 19309 19310 20712 20713 23301 23302 25890 25891 28479 28480 28704 1 616 790 2589 2590 2951 2952 5178 5179 7767 7768 8087 8088 8513 8514 9639 1 2100 12068 12945 12946 14298 14815 15534
Latitude 40,870039 40,870039 40,892278 40,894344 40,889500 40,889497 40,856350 40,856314 40,843539 40,843489 40,758661 40,758661 40,756142 40,756147 40,762467 40,762475 40,771550 40,771556 40,771556 40,771556 40,771772 40,771772 40,771369 40,771369 40,771353 40,771353 40,771419 40,841808 40,851878 40,848822 40,821944 40,821908 40,809472 40,809450 40,777294 40,777278 40,737250 40,737236 40,731908 40,731881 40,718122 40,718111 40,718833 40,721025 40,730819 40,728689 40,725525 40,725517 40,716653 40,721578 40,718364
Longitude 28,124944 28,124944 28,049647 28,049956 28,066825 28,066836 28,147358 28,147397 28,149578 28,149583 28,260403 28,260469 28,368736 28,368803 28,404569 28,404633 28,466883 28,466950 28,560900 28,561036 28,774042 28,774111 28,941075 28,941142 29,097036 29,097078 29,103661 28,935581 28,918467 28,915292 28,966483 28,966489 28,967428 28,967458 29,058156 29,058197 29,169258 29,169306 29,182972 29,182992 29,182278 29,182242 29,138828 29,315425 29,391544 29,383322 29,359222 29,359169 29,293314 29,254425 29,209533 102
Filename SU0010_D20091109_T175318 SU0010_D20091109_T175318 SU0010_D20091109_T183514 SU0010_D20091109_T183514 SU0010_D20091109_T183514 SU0010_D20091109_T183514 SU0010_D20091109_T191639 SU0010_D20091109_T191639 SU0010_D20091109_T200240 SU0010_D20091109_T200240 SU0010_D20091109_T223425 SU0010_D20091109_T223425 SU0010_D20091109_T223425 SU0010_D20091109_T223425 SU0010_D20091109_T231437 SU0010_D20091109_T231437 SU0011_D20091110_T022540 SU0011_D20091110_T022540 SU0011_D20091110_T014709 SU0011_D20091110_T014709 SU0011_D20091110_T022540 SU0011_D20091110_T022540 SU0011_D20091110_T031557 SU0011_D20091110_T031557 SU0011_D20091110_T035839 SU0011_D20091110_T035839 SU0012_D20091110_T092415 SU0012_D20091110_T092415 SU0012_D20091110_T100455 SU0012_D20091110_T100455 SU0013_D20091110_T191758 SU0013_D20091110_T191758 SU0013_D20091110_T220604 SU0013_D20091110_T220604 SU0013_D20091110_T220604 SU0013_D20091110_T220604 SU0013_D20091111_T002401 SU0013_D20091111_T002401 SU0013_D20091110_T225835 SU0013_D20091110_T225835 SU0013_D20091111_T015351 SU0013_D20091111_T015351 SU0013_D20091111_T025047 SU0013_D20091111_T025047 SU0013_D20091111_T033339 SU0013_D20091111_T033339 SU0015_D20091111_T175515 SU0015_D20091111_T175515 SU0015_D20091111_T183526 SU0015_D20091111_T183526 SU0014_D20091111_T134819 Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
Profil name P053 P053 P053 P053 P054 P054 P055 P055 P055 P055 P058 P058 P059a P059a P059b P059b P060 P060 P060a P060a P061a P061a P061c P061c P061c P061c P063 P063 P065 P065 P067 P067 P068 P068 P069 P069 P070 P070 P070a P070a P072a P072a P072b P072b P073 P073 P074a P074a P074a P074a P074b
Shotpoints 15535 18123 18124 20093 20094 20712 22012 23301 23302 25326 31768 32649 33061 33657 33658 36246 2590 3465 1 2589 3627 4189 5878 7767 7768 8175 1900 2500 3339 4647 1 2589 11556 12066 12067 12556 18124 18723 12946 15534 23801 25890 25891 27390 29079 30391 2590 5178 5179 5578 1063
Latitude 40,718356 40,767594 40,767614 40,808928 40,808956 40,833883 40,847097 40,798908 40,798867 40,726217 40,706650 40,706606 40,700300 40,700006 40,700006 40,699997 40,693306 40,693367 40,693325 40,693306 40,696661 40,707547 40,742731 40,785586 40,785608 40,793603 40,819800 40,830542 40,845194 40,816278 40,772789 40,853814 40,868347 40,864586 40,864547 40,837425 40,861586 40,864306 40,834258 40,846808 40,888278 40,872808 40,872806 40,866214 40,858194 40,858019 40,730753 40,822231 40,822269 40,836106 40,848078
Longitude 29,209472 29,063492 29,063431 28,950372 28,950325 28,937883 28,931925 28,915989 28,915978 28,891739 28,769369 28,729253 28,732575 28,752292 28,752333 28,860661 28,815517 28,775331 28,933936 28,815517 28,773875 28,801572 28,929039 29,021653 29,021697 29,036481 28,991486 28,968019 28,937650 28,920367 28,904547 28,903753 28,524747 28,492536 28,492453 28,493031 28,764769 28,790442 28,518100 28,632117 28,760647 28,626778 28,626731 28,564100 28,553286 28,572731 28,812372 28,835483 28,835497 28,839739 28,574906 103
Filename SU0014_D20091111_T134819 SU0014_D20091111_T151330 SU0014_D20091111_T151330 SU0014_D20091111_T142724 SU0014_D20091111_T142724 SU0015_D20091111_T211437 SU0015_D20091111_T211437 SU0015_D20091111_T191712 SU0015_D20091111_T191712 SU0015_D20091111_T203428 SU0015_D20091111_T203428 SU0015_D20091111_T211437 SU0015_D20091111_T211437 SU0015_D20091111_T220701 SU0015_D20091111_T220701 SU0015_D20091111_T225210 SU0015_D20091111_T225210 SU0015_D20091112_T020259 SU0015_D20091112_T020259 SU0015_D20091112_T020259 SU0015_D20091112_T020259 SU0015_D20091112_T025046 SU0015_D20091112_T025046 SU0017_D20091113_T184631 SU0017_D20091113_T184631 SU0017_D20091113_T192202 SU0017_D20091113_T192202 SU0017_D20091113_T192202 SU0017_D20091113_T192202 SU0017_D20091113_T200041 SU0017_D20091113_T200041 SU0016_D20091112_T142235 SU0016_D20091112_T142235 SU0016_D20091112_T150537 SU0016_D20091112_T150537 SU0016_D20091112_T150537 SU0016_D20091112_T150537 SU0016_D20091112_T160336 SU0016_D20091112_T160336 SU0018_D20091112_T190629 SU0018_D20091112_T190629 SU0016_D20091112_T174716 SU0016_D20091112_T174716 SU0018_D20091112_T213924 SU0018_D20091112_T213924 SU0018_D20091112_T223310 SU0018_D20091112_T223310 SU0018_D20091112_T231441 SU0018_D20091112_T231441 SU0018_D20091112_T235959 SU0018_D20091112_T235959 Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
Profil name P074b P075 P075 P075a P075a P078 P078 P078a P078a P078b P078b P079 P079 P080a P080a P080b P080b P082 P082 P082b P082b P082b P082b P082bis P082bis P082bis P082bis P082ter P082ter P082ter P082ter P083 P083 P083 P083 P084 P084 P084 P084 P085 P085 P085a P085a P087 P087 P088a P088a P088b P088b P088b P088b
Shotpoints 2470 5179 6654 2590 5178 15535 16279 8004 9167 13345 14445 16280 16924 18124 20712 20713 23301 31069 33222 33318 33657 33658 34095 7768 10356 10357 10576 10934 12945 12946 14310 431 2589 2590 2829 2830 5178 5179 6527 1 2589 1 582 11591 12905 12946 15245 16434 18123 18124 20601
Latitude 40,799703 40,780261 40,773753 40,798239 40,780269 40,875950 40,870775 40,912328 40,908356 40,887036 40,882486 40,870750 40,840147 40,846167 40,861211 40,861219 40,873842 40,862106 40,851764 40,848383 40,852242 40,852250 40,854708 40,856139 40,850528 40,850525 40,850247 40,856572 40,861467 40,861467 40,864892 40,852369 40,766353 40,766258 40,750208 40,750181 40,747886 40,747889 40,746833 40,760186 40,848064 40,746453 40,759194 40,880261 40,824958 40,825139 40,839150 40,848269 40,856147 40,856153 40,870606
Longitude 28,593464 28,763036 28,821847 28,602108 28,762978 28,533536 28,484683 28,866069 28,822686 28,634692 28,590858 28,484594 28,498353 28,563947 28,695589 28,695686 28,814942 28,589367 28,478556 28,477967 28,494558 28,494578 28,503056 28,596892 28,544031 28,544006 28,539022 28,539256 28,583661 28,583661 28,610958 28,595261 28,598753 28,598756 28,600019 28,600047 28,767000 28,767153 28,811508 28,815119 28,807289 28,812217 28,814750 28,494133 28,514575 28,516631 28,623722 28,702881 28,775083 28,775131 28,887172 104
Filename SU0018_D20091113_T004026 SU0018_D20091113_T004026 SU0018_D20091113_T013247 SU0018_D20091113_T013247 SU0017_D20091113_T203657 SU0017_D20091113_T203657 SU0017_D20091113_T213130 SU0017_D20091113_T213130 SU0017_D20091113_T222801 SU0017_D20091113_T222801 SU0017_D20091113_T222801 SU0017_D20091113_T222801 SU0017_D20091113_T232341 SU0017_D20091113_T232341 SU0017_D20091113_T232341 SU0017_D20091113_T232341 SU0017_D20091114_T002233 SU0017_D20091114_T002233 SU0017_D20091114_T002233 SU0017_D20091114_T002233 SU0017_D20091114_T002233 SU0017_D20091114_T002233 SU0017_D20091114_T002233 SU0017_D20091114_T011746 SU0017_D20091114_T011746 SU0017_D20091114_T021405 SU0017_D20091114_T021405 SU0017_D20091114_T021405 SU0017_D20091114_T021405 SU0017_D20091114_T021405 SU0017_D20091114_T021405 SU0017_D20091114_T021405 SU0017_D20091114_T021405 SU0017_D20091114_T031224 SU0017_D20091114_T031224 SU0017_D20091114_T031224 SU0017_D20091114_T031224 SU0017_D20091114_T150527 SU0017_D20091114_T150527 SU0017_D20091114_T154725 SU0017_D20091114_T154725 SU0017_D20091114_T154725 SU0017_D20091114_T154725 SU0017_D20091114_T162158 SU0017_D20091114_T162158 SU0019_D20091115_T144604 SU0019_D20091115_T144604 SU0017_D20091114_T165629 SU0017_D20091114_T165629 SU0017_D20091114_T173059 SU0017_D20091114_T173059 Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
Profil name P090 P090 P090 P090 P091 P091 P091 P091 P091a P091a P092 P092 P092 P092 P093 P093 P093 P093 P093a P093a P093a P094 P094 P094 P094 P094 P094 P095 P095 P095a P095a P096 P096 P096 P096 P096a P096a P097 P097 P097 P097 P098 P098 P098 P098 P098b P098b P099a P099a P099a P099a
Shotpoints 22512 23301 23302 25381 17454 18123 18124 20712 20713 21019 21020 23301 23302 24151 24344 25890 25891 27737 27738 27738 28098 28099 28479 28480 31068 31069 31496 31659 32916 32917 33081 33657 33657 33658 34327 34328 36246 1665 2589 2590 3178 3179 5178 5179 6974 1 790 8091 10356 10357 12945
Latitude 40,877156 40,873389 40,873383 40,860622 40,865633 40,861342 40,861336 40,841347 40,841311 40,829353 40,829350 40,846803 40,846808 40,853383 40,858083 40,849239 40,849228 40,836058 40,836044 40,836044 40,823111 40,823106 40,825472 40,825478 40,843244 40,843250 40,845905 40,839491 40,830575 40,830561 40,824805 40,828781 40,828781 40,828792 40,833453 40,833481 40,865158 40,870903 40,898989 40,899025 40,916564 40,916600 40,933875 40,933875 40,938886 40,817478 40,818261 40,936131 40,918206 40,918194 40,896269
Longitude 28,785617 28,750825 28,750781 28,637894 28,506558 28,460494 28,460444 28,291614 28,291606 28,299308 28,299403 28,452169 28,452219 28,510278 28,516417 28,413656 28,413556 28,294717 28,294681 28,294680 28,296672 28,296714 28,317992 28,318039 28,480253 28,480303 28,508738 28,509344 28,430044 28,430005 28,431308 28,469022 28,469022 28,469119 28,509914 28,510000 28,577606 28,601931 28,600056 28,600053 28,599508 28,599514 28,650756 28,650756 28,684031 27,740350 27,776031 28,683036 28,609589 28,609539 28,499133 105
Filename SU0017_D20091114_T180618 SU0017_D20091114_T180618 SU0017_D20091114_T185246 SU0017_D20091114_T185246 SU0019_D20091115_T153608 SU0019_D20091115_T153608 SU0017_D20091114_T185246 SU0017_D20091114_T185246 SU0017_D20091114_T194309 SU0017_D20091114_T194309 SU0017_D20091114_T203335 SU0017_D20091114_T203335 SU0017_D20091114_T211505 SU0017_D20091114_T211505 SU0020_D20091115_T163317 SU0020_D20091115_T163317 SU0017_D20091114_T211505 SU0017_D20091114_T211505 SU0020_D20091115_T163317 SU0020_D20091115_T163317 SU0017_D20091114_T215805 SU0017_D20091114_T215805 SU0021_D20091115_T175310 SU0021_D20091115_T175310 SU0021_D20091115_T175310 SU0021_D20091115_T175310 SU0021_D20091115_T175310 SU0021_D20091115_T175310 SU0021_D20091115_T184003 SU0021_D20091115_T184003 SU0021_D20091115_T184003 SU0021_D20091115_T184003 SU0021_D20091115_T184003 SU0021_D20091115_T184003 SU0021_D20091115_T192856 SU0021_D20091115_T192856 SU0017_D20091114_T215805 SU0017_D20091114_T215805 SU0021_D20091115_T192856 SU0021_D20091115_T192856 SU0017_D20091114_T215805 SU0017_D20091114_T215805 SU0017_D20091114_T225824 SU0017_D20091114_T225824 SU0017_D20091114_T233949 SU0017_D20091114_T233949 SU0021_D20091115_T202630 SU0021_D20091115_T202630 SU0021_D20091115_T210831 SU0021_D20091115_T210831 SU0021_D20091115_T215145 Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
Profil name P099b P099b P099b P099b P099c P099c P100a P100a P100a P100a P100b P100b P100b P100b P100c P100c P101 P101 P101b P101b P102 P102 P102b P102b P102c P102c P102d P102d P102d P102d P102e P102e P102f P102f P102f P102f P103 P103 P103b P103b P104a P104a P104b P104b P104b P104b P104c P104c P104c P104c P104d
Shotpoints 12946 15534 15535 16943 3689 5178 16944 18123 18124 20712 20713 23301 23302 23756 823 1547 23757 24111 130 600 25891 26349 406 1058 1250 2336 2500 2589 2590 3599 3740 4389 4505 5178 5179 5512 26350 26618 6155 7767 26619 28479 28480 31068 31069 33657 7768 10356 10357 12056 13045
Latitude 40,896261 40,870944 40,870936 40,849686 40,813314 40,796869 40,849675 40,844339 40,844333 40,826925 40,826919 40,812564 40,812558 40,810500 40,794050 40,809503 40,810506 40,814978 40,808431 40,796633 40,805483 40,802525 40,797564 40,803203 40,804767 40,804478 40,806503 40,808736 40,808758 40,830692 40,832714 40,832339 40,830714 40,816131 40,816111 40,808425 40,802531 40,815308 40,822219 40,834392 40,815344 40,829647 40,829650 40,842983 40,842989 40,856542 40,834403 40,849225 40,849225 40,860422 40,865981
Longitude 28,499081 28,369014 28,368972 28,298306 27,776386 27,721050 28,298211 28,231283 28,231236 28,086239 28,086192 27,964911 27,964858 27,943133 27,721814 27,718819 27,943083 27,927328 27,721861 27,727083 27,840808 27,807792 27,718792 27,718653 27,719586 27,764189 27,769781 27,771806 27,771825 27,793606 27,791636 27,770033 27,768019 27,781561 27,781581 27,789553 27,807750 27,804486 27,810319 27,920350 27,804492 27,931603 27,931653 28,054256 28,054306 28,177006 27,920447 28,055092 28,055092 28,152933 28,218972 106
Filename SU0021_D20091115_T215145 SU0017_D20091115_T002051 SU0017_D20091115_T002051 SU0017_D20091115_T010746 SU0017_D20091115_T010746 SU0017_D20091115_T014921 SU0017_D20091115_T014921 SU0021_D20091115_T215145 SU0021_D20091115_T215145 SU0021_D20091115_T223526 SU0021_D20091115_T223526 SU0021_D20091115_T223526 SU0021_D20091115_T223526 SU0021_D20091115_T223526 SU0021_D20091115_T223526 SU0021_D20091115_T232409 SU0021_D20091115_T232409 SU0021_D20091116_T000524 SU0021_D20091116_T000524 SU0022_D20091116_T172417 SU0022_D20091116_T172417 SU0022_D20091116_T190607 SU0022_D20091116_T190607 SU0022_D20091116_T195339 SU0022_D20091116_T195339 SU0022_D20091116_T195339 SU0022_D20091116_T195339 SU0022_D20091116_T195339 SU0022_D20091116_T195339 SU0022_D20091116_T204347 SU0022_D20091116_T204347 SU0022_D20091116_T212332 SU0022_D20091116_T212332 SU0022_D20091116_T212332 SU0022_D20091116_T212332 SU0022_D20091116_T220737 SU0022_D20091116_T220737 SU0022_D20091116_T225239 SU0022_D20091116_T225239 SU0022_D20091116_T233218 SU0022_D20091116_T233218 SU0022_D20091116_T233218 SU0022_D20091116_T233218 SU0022_D20091117_T001102 SU0022_D20091117_T001102 SU0022_D20091117_T005039 SU0022_D20091117_T005039 SU0022_D20091117_T005039 SU0022_D20091117_T005039 SU0022_D20091117_T005039 SU0022_D20091117_T005039 Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
Profil name P104d P105 P105 P105 P105 P105 P105 P105b P105b P105b P105b P105c P105c P105d P105d P105d P105d P105d P105d P111 P111 P112 P112 P112 P112 P112a P112a P112b P112b P112b P112b P112b P112b P112c P112c P113 P113 P113 P113 P113a P113a P114 P114 P114 P114 P114 P114 P114a P114a P115a P115a
Shotpoints 14228 34457 36246 36247 38835 38836 39735 14419 15534 15535 15778 15869 16083 16166 18123 18124 20712 20713 22247 7768 9517 13745 15534 15535 15934 15935 17234 17235 18123 18124 20712 20713 21712 22324 23203 23324 25890 25891 28366 28619 29863 29978 31068 31069 33657 33658 34433 34608 36046 36159 36246
Latitude 40,870617 40,852078 40,841831 40,841825 40,828081 40,828072 40,823378 40,867475 40,859472 40,859469 40,859125 40,858544 40,850278 40,847656 40,837358 40,837353 40,823339 40,823333 40,814747 40,815983 40,814228 40,820722 40,831631 40,831636 40,834122 40,834128 40,843428 40,843433 40,847800 40,847803 40,860911 40,860917 40,866294 40,868750 40,833428 40,829208 40,815300 40,815300 40,803061 40,805508 40,845167 40,848319 40,855125 40,855125 40,868611 40,868617 40,871736 40,869608 40,825600 40,820925 40,819669
Longitude 28,284875 28,187764 28,105222 28,105172 27,983628 27,983578 27,939814 28,287794 28,240006 28,239975 28,231661 28,228892 28,230292 28,227000 28,125556 28,125508 28,002164 28,002108 27,925931 27,777264 27,722125 27,739214 27,834353 27,834403 27,856414 27,856511 27,940525 27,940572 27,979275 27,979322 28,097706 28,097758 28,144858 28,173753 28,179814 28,177178 28,047611 28,047611 27,939358 27,936006 27,935342 27,936481 27,985419 27,985419 28,104769 28,104819 28,140139 28,146806 28,157242 28,153494 28,147153 107
Filename SU0022_D20091117_T013121 SU0022_D20091117_T013121 SU0022_D20091117_T013121 SU0022_D20091117_T013121 SU0022_D20091117_T021600 SU0022_D20091117_T021600 SU0022_D20091117_T021600 SU0022_D20091117_T021600 SU0022_D20091117_T025537 SU0022_D20091117_T025537 SU0022_D20091117_T025537 SU0022_D20091117_T025537 SU0022_D20091117_T033922 SU0022_D20091117_T033922 SU0022_D20091117_T033922 SU0022_D20091117_T033922 SU0023_D20091117_T143617 SU0023_D20091117_T143617 SU0023_D20091117_T143617 SU0023_D20091117_T143617 SU0023_D20091117_T152204 SU0023_D20091117_T152204 SU0023_D20091117_T152204 SU0023_D20091117_T152204 SU0023_D20091117_T152204 SU0023_D20091117_T152204 SU0023_D20091117_T152204 SU0023_D20091117_T152204 SU0023_D20091117_T165835 SU0023_D20091117_T165835 SU0023_D20091117_T191848 SU0023_D20091117_T191848 SU0023_D20091117_T201118 SU0023_D20091117_T201118 SU0023_D20091117_T201118 SU0023_D20091117_T201118 SU0023_D20091117_T204840 SU0023_D20091117_T204840 SU0023_D20091117_T204840 SU0023_D20091117_T204840 SU0023_D20091117_T212649 SU0023_D20091117_T212649 SU0023_D20091117_T220548 SU0023_D20091117_T220548 SU0024_D20091118_T151128 SU0024_D20091118_T151128 SU0025_D20091118_T190907 SU0025_D20091118_T190907 SU0025_D20091118_T190907 SU0025_D20091118_T190907 SU0025_D20091118_T190907 Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
Profil name P115a P115a P115b P115b P115b P115b P116a P116a P116a P116a P116b P116b P116b P116b P117 P117 P118 P118 P119a P119a P119a P119a P119b P119b P120 P120 P121a P121a P121b P121b P122 P122 P122 P122 P122a P122a P122a P122a P122b P122b P123 P123 P123 P123 P123a P123a P124 P124 P125 P125 P126
Shotpoints 36247 37146 37147 38835 38836 39950 40420 41424 41425 42624 42625 44013 44014 44918 44919 45513 527 2120 2292 2589 2590 2806 2857 3603 3998 4453 4804 5132 8296 8987 16691 18123 18124 20119 20120 20712 20713 21928 21929 23069 23477 25890 25891 28190 50 2250 5228 6137 6502 7206 7373
Latitude 40,819656 40,813578 40,813569 40,805139 40,805133 40,799522 40,812158 40,806281 40,806261 40,800639 40,800636 40,791967 40,791961 40,786322 40,786319 40,806828 40,824594 40,828467 40,824031 40,813919 40,813889 40,807039 40,806214 40,806597 40,802739 40,817228 40,819142 40,809067 40,815614 40,806619 40,813708 40,803097 40,803089 40,793781 40,793778 40,794850 40,794853 40,800183 40,800186 40,783228 40,780011 40,833869 40,833897 40,886750 40,841256 40,796544 40,795269 40,761972 40,765275 40,790836 40,797825
Longitude 28,147056 28,091756 28,091706 28,016981 28,016931 27,965783 27,953403 27,907767 27,907569 27,855878 27,855831 27,777647 27,777597 27,726406 27,726356 27,717053 27,712378 27,779997 27,785297 27,777492 27,777461 27,770653 27,768500 27,730678 27,734406 27,733661 27,722097 27,723086 27,720136 27,730931 27,731117 27,637992 27,637894 27,553089 27,553039 27,528953 27,528903 27,480350 27,480303 27,434356 27,430206 27,509242 27,509281 27,581094 27,517044 27,464722 27,460114 27,469144 27,467111 27,434156 27,439594 108
Filename SU0025_D20091118_T190907 SU0025_D20091118_T200635 SU0025_D20091118_T200635 SU0025_D20091118_T200635 SU0025_D20091118_T200635 SU0025_D20091118_T200635 SU0025_D20091118_T200635 SU0025_D20091118_T210227 SU0025_D20091118_T210227 SU0025_D20091118_T214801 SU0025_D20091118_T214801 SU0026_D20091118_T220258 SU0026_D20091118_T220258 SU0026_D20091118_T224043 SU0026_D20091118_T224043 SU0026_D20091118_T231959 SU0026_D20091118_T231959 SU0026_D20091118_T231959 SU0026_D20091118_T231959 SU0026_D20091118_T235900 SU0026_D20091118_T235900 SU0026_D20091118_T235900 SU0026_D20091118_T235900 SU0026_D20091119_T004028 SU0026_D20091119_T004028 SU0026_D20091119_T004028 SU0026_D20091119_T004028 SU0026_D20091119_T012014 SU0026_D20091119_T012014 SU0026_D20091119_T012014 SU0026_D20091119_T012014 SU0026_D20091119_T020425 SU0026_D20091119_T020425 SU0026_D20091119_T020425 SU0026_D20091119_T020425 SU0026_D20091119_T024452 SU0026_D20091119_T024452 SU0026_D20091119_T024452 SU0026_D20091119_T024452 SU0026_D20091119_T033222 SU0026_D20091119_T033222 SU0027_D20091119_T145641 SU0027_D20091119_T145641 SU0027_D20091119_T160701 SU0027_D20091119_T160701 SU0027_D20091119_T171921 SU0027_D20091119_T171921 SU0027_D20091119_T175607 SU0027_D20091119_T175607 SU0027_D20091119_T190938 SU0027_D20091119_T190938 Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
Profil name P126 P126 P126 P127 P127 P128 P128 P128 P129 P129 P129 P130 P130 P131 P131 P131 P131 P141 P141 P141 P141 P142 P142 P142 P142 P143 P143 P143 P143 P144 P144 P144 P144 P145 P145 P145 P145 P146 P146 P146 P146 P151a P151a P151b P151b P152 P152 P152 P152 P153 P153
Shotpoints 7767 7768 8302 8521 9658 9804 10356 10357 12945 12946 13761 59 2534 2989 5178 5179 5646 5744 7767 7768 8439 8599 10356 10357 11133 11369 12945 12946 14011 14189 15534 15535 16913 17201 18123 18124 19998 20246 20712 20713 22948 6099 6371 11428 12400 17141 18123 18124 19326 23801 25890
Latitude 40,784772 40,784717 40,763928 40,763939 40,804139 40,809939 40,795694 40,795669 40,796561 40,796586 40,815556 40,821592 40,765733 40,766269 40,814647 40,814672 40,826383 40,829236 40,782656 40,782631 40,768039 40,772072 40,814225 40,814247 40,831050 40,834919 40,799350 40,799325 40,774122 40,776194 40,809464 40,809489 40,839947 40,840444 40,819553 40,819519 40,774103 40,777689 40,794597 40,794625 40,841511 40,867886 40,864750 40,864217 40,849294 40,849253 40,831311 40,831283 40,803639 40,800422 40,847231
Longitude 27,457256 27,457322 27,482933 27,496256 27,447703 27,453494 27,473558 27,473594 27,487211 27,487178 27,463522 27,468558 27,541469 27,556956 27,492475 27,492439 27,476867 27,479167 27,547133 27,547169 27,568497 27,574333 27,512983 27,512950 27,488833 27,496386 27,544667 27,544703 27,580244 27,588378 27,540700 27,540664 27,497189 27,507689 27,536456 27,536492 27,601214 27,607561 27,582492 27,582456 27,515525 27,552119 27,554272 27,558083 27,575897 27,578078 27,602133 27,602161 27,629947 27,617436 27,550017 109
Filename SU0027_D20091119_T194624 SU0027_D20091119_T194624 SU0027_D20091119_T194624 SU0027_D20091119_T194624 SU0027_D20091119_T194624 SU0027_D20091119_T194624 SU0027_D20091119_T203028 SU0027_D20091119_T203028 SU0027_D20091119_T203028 SU0027_D20091119_T203028 SU0027_D20091119_T211053 SU0027_D20091119_T211053 SU0027_D20091119_T211053 SU0027_D20091119_T211053 SU0027_D20091119_T215246 SU0027_D20091119_T215246 SU0027_D20091119_T215246 SU0027_D20091119_T215246 SU0027_D20091119_T225114 SU0027_D20091119_T225114 SU0027_D20091119_T225114 SU0027_D20091119_T225114 SU0027_D20091119_T234423 SU0027_D20091119_T234423 SU0027_D20091120_T003609 SU0027_D20091120_T003609 SU0027_D20091120_T012427 SU0027_D20091120_T012427 SU0027_D20091120_T012427 SU0027_D20091120_T012427 SU0027_D20091120_T021743 SU0027_D20091120_T021743 SU0027_D20091120_T021743 SU0027_D20091120_T021743 SU0027_D20091120_T030301 SU0027_D20091120_T030301 SU0027_D20091120_T030301 SU0027_D20091120_T030301 SU0027_D20091120_T035208 SU0027_D20091120_T035208 SU0028_D20091120_T133543 SU0028_D20091120_T133543 SU0028_D20091120_T142702 SU0028_D20091120_T142702 SU0028_D20091120_T160742 SU0028_D20091120_T160742 SU0028_D20091120_T165502 SU0028_D20091120_T165502 SU0029_D20091120_T194806 SU0029_D20091120_T194806 SU0029_D20091120_T194806 Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
Profil name P153 P153 P154 P154 P155 P155 P155 P155 P157 P157 P157 P157 P158 P158 P158 P158 P159 P159 P160 P160 P161 P161 P161 P161 P162 P162 P162 P162 P163 P163 P163 P163 P164 P164 P164 P164 P165 P165 P165 P165 P167 P167 P167a P167a P168 P168 P168a P168a P170 P170 P171
Shotpoints 25891 26461 26484 27114 27164 28479 28480 29977 30281 31068 31069 33102 33233 33657 33658 35044 35137 36214 36247 38355 38550 38835 38836 41290 41425 44013 44014 44531 44654 46602 46603 47975 48129 49191 49192 51598 51599 51780 51781 53039 382 2589 2590 3462 7768 8227 11913 12916 1 460 561
Latitude 40,847231 40,862378 40,863589 40,888569 40,888856 40,851342 40,851311 40,812825 40,822611 40,842064 40,842092 40,892350 40,894878 40,901508 40,901522 40,926453 40,924989 40,864667 40,863581 40,874431 40,865439 40,862231 40,862225 40,845197 40,838719 40,854397 40,854406 40,858122 40,852953 40,839311 40,839308 40,831169 40,825467 40,829997 40,830003 40,844089 40,844094 40,841761 40,841744 40,831825 40,833800 40,821464 40,821458 40,818200 40,821261 40,819969 40,816800 40,810783 40,826997 40,848144 40,850606
Longitude 27,550017 27,528211 27,527917 27,559019 27,561992 27,617019 27,617064 27,672267 27,690922 27,661247 27,661206 27,590211 27,597631 27,629939 27,629994 27,734692 27,740700 27,767706 27,769397 27,894775 27,891481 27,870172 27,870117 27,717383 27,716692 27,860428 27,860478 27,894481 27,897006 27,783078 27,783031 27,713019 27,709011 27,760231 27,760278 27,887019 27,887117 27,899797 27,899892 27,954106 27,945431 27,818931 27,818881 27,778272 27,776244 27,778706 27,781264 27,751742 27,921278 27,937578 27,934956 110
Filename SU0029_D20091120_T194806 SU0029_D20091120_T194806 SU0029_D20091120_T194806 SU0029_D20091120_T204050 SU0029_D20091120_T204050 SU0029_D20091120_T212006 SU0029_D20091120_T212006 SU0029_D20091120_T212006 SU0029_D20091120_T212006 SU0029_D20091120_T220945 SU0029_D20091120_T220945 SU0029_D20091120_T220945 SU0029_D20091120_T220945 SU0029_D20091120_T225547 SU0029_D20091120_T225547 SU0029_D20091120_T233537 SU0029_D20091120_T233537 SU0029_D20091121_T001800 SU0029_D20091121_T001800 SU0029_D20091121_T010523 SU0029_D20091121_T010523 SU0029_D20091121_T014557 SU0029_D20091121_T014557 SU0030_D20091121_T145210 SU0030_D20091121_T145210 SU0030_D20091121_T165135 SU0030_D20091121_T165135 SU0030_D20091121_T173140 SU0030_D20091121_T173140 SU0030_D20091121_T181145 SU0030_D20091121_T181145 SU0030_D20091121_T185153 SU0030_D20091121_T185153 SU0030_D20091121_T192925 SU0030_D20091121_T192925 SU0030_D20091121_T201713 SU0030_D20091121_T201713 SU0030_D20091121_T210228 SU0030_D20091121_T210228 SU0030_D20091121_T213659 SU0030_D20091121_T213659 SU0030_D20091121_T213659 SU0030_D20091121_T213659 SU0030_D20091121_T221142 SU0030_D20091121_T221142 SU0030_D20091121_T221142 SU0030_D20091121_T221142 SU0030_D20091121_T225921 SU0030_D20091121_T225921 SU0030_D20091121_T225921 SU0030_D20091121_T225921 Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
Profil name P171 P172a P172a P172b P172b P172c P172c P173 P173 P174 P174 P175a P175a P175b P175b P175c P175c P175d P175d P175e P175e P175f P175f P178 P178 P180 P180 P180 P180 P180 P180 P180a P180a P180a P180a P180b P180b P180b P180b P180c P180c P181 P181 P181 P181 P182 P182 P182 P182 P183 P183
Shotpoints 1206 1321 2589 2590 5178 5179 6031 6032 6744 7768 8707 8790 10356 10357 12945 12946 15534 15535 18123 18124 20712 20713 22550 381 2589 8998 10356 10357 12945 12946 15440 15535 18123 18124 20712 20713 23301 23302 25890 25891 27593 27749 28479 28480 28646 29061 31068 31069 31437 31710 33657
Latitude 40,844647 40,850531 40,859403 40,859403 40,873478 40,873486 40,878097 40,878106 40,876244 40,835328 40,788889 40,785014 40,782997 40,782997 40,797461 40,797467 40,812644 40,812650 40,829669 40,829675 40,843461 40,843467 40,852569 40,786533 40,736972 40,735364 40,750206 40,750219 40,788419 40,788436 40,823700 40,824239 40,812992 40,812986 40,797178 40,797175 40,782619 40,782614 40,771256 40,771256 40,763464 40,765636 40,788361 40,788400 40,794172 40,809750 40,822133 40,822139 40,824842 40,831639 40,817969
Longitude 27,889119 27,890500 27,967650 27,967650 28,096167 28,096219 28,138044 28,138100 28,187717 28,215047 28,220967 28,221369 28,296622 28,296622 28,427536 28,427589 28,564161 28,564214 28,716550 28,716603 28,841394 28,841447 28,923975 29,089669 29,118986 29,118361 29,070975 29,070931 28,964258 28,964214 28,858125 28,853686 28,743275 28,743225 28,605414 28,605367 28,473169 28,473119 28,370797 28,370797 28,301933 28,297264 28,297983 28,297983 28,297536 28,297428 28,410450 28,410500 28,433572 28,425167 28,305614 111
Filename SU0030_D20091121_T235232 SU0030_D20091121_T235232 SU0030_D20091121_T235232 SU0030_D20091121_T235232 SU0030_D20091122_T022948 SU0030_D20091122_T022948 SU0030_D20091122_T033208 SU0030_D20091122_T033208 SU0030_D20091122_T042300 SU0030_D20091122_T042300 SU0030_D20091122_T064724 SU0030_D20091122_T064724 SU0030_D20091122_T072656 SU0030_D20091122_T072656 SU0030_D20091122_T084609 SU0030_D20091122_T084609 SU0030_D20091122_T100523 SU0030_D20091122_T100523 SU0030_D20091122_T104459 SU0030_D20091122_T104459 SU0030_D20091122_T120413 SU0030_D20091122_T120413 SU0031_D20091122_T153420 SU0031_D20091122_T153420 SU0031_D20091122_T153420 SU0031_D20091122_T153420 SU0031_D20091122_T153420 SU0031_D20091122_T153420 SU0031_D20091122_T161452 SU0031_D20091122_T161452 SU0031_D20091122_T161452 SU0031_D20091122_T161452 SU0031_D20091122_T181238 SU0031_D20091122_T181238 SU0031_D20091122_T192025 SU0031_D20091122_T192025 SU0031_D20091122_T192025 SU0031_D20091122_T192025 SU0031_D20091122_T201113 SU0031_D20091122_T201113 SU0031_D20091122_T205718 SU0031_D20091122_T205718 SU0031_D20091122_T214623 SU0031_D20091122_T214623 SU0031_D20091122_T214623 SU0031_D20091122_T214623 SU0031_D20091122_T224339 SU0031_D20091122_T224339 SU0031_D20091122_T224339 SU0031_D20091122_T224339 SU0031_D20091122_T234017 Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
Profil name P183 P183 P184 P184 P188 P188 P188 P188 P189 P189 P190 P190 P190 P190 P192 P192 P194 P194 P194 P194 P195 P195 P199a P199a P199b P199b P199c P199c P199c P199c P199d P199d P200 P200 P200 P200 P201 P201 P201 P201 P203a P203a P203b P203b P204 P204 P204 P204 P208 P208 P208
Shotpoints 33658 33814 33969 34397 42809 44013 44014 45795 46722 47602 55369 56958 56959 58164 62700 63743 68935 69903 69904 71396 76339 77352 950 1892 1893 2543 2544 2589 2590 3186 3187 4485 10064 10356 10357 11134 11135 12945 12946 15345 16470 18123 18124 19231 19232 20712 20713 21512 22932 23301 23302
Latitude 40,817964 40,816953 40,821547 40,841067 40,808878 40,818608 40,818614 40,829767 40,834197 40,846817 40,865508 40,878192 40,878200 40,885553 40,884792 40,868350 40,865889 40,849119 40,849100 40,825944 40,823128 40,807389 40,802819 40,798478 40,798472 40,805142 40,805158 40,806175 40,806203 40,821175 40,821194 40,819400 40,816869 40,810156 40,810125 40,786725 40,786692 40,771856 40,771850 40,757450 40,786483 40,831786 40,831819 40,874306 40,874325 40,883181 40,883186 40,886697 40,866439 40,884667 40,884706
Longitude 28,305564 28,296358 28,295594 28,292658 28,109636 28,193064 28,193111 28,293358 28,264322 28,256575 28,146706 28,073008 28,072956 28,029414 28,028203 28,028283 28,027989 28,028692 28,028692 28,027922 28,028744 28,027669 28,030022 27,993308 27,993258 27,963653 27,963608 27,962036 27,962006 27,941947 27,941903 27,896369 27,893719 27,894044 27,894044 27,893531 27,893519 27,775611 27,775558 27,644242 27,619014 27,691386 27,691419 27,739681 27,739728 27,845978 27,846031 27,894481 27,897289 27,895614 27,895614 112
Filename SU0031_D20091122_T234017 SU0031_D20091123_T010542 SU0031_D20091123_T010542 SU0031_D20091123_T010542 SU0031_D20091123_T010542 SU0031_D20091123_T020852 SU0031_D20091123_T020852 SU0031_D20091123_T020852 SU0031_D20091123_T020852 SU0031_D20091123_T025513 SU0031_D20091123_T025513 SU0031_D20091123_T025513 SU0031_D20091123_T025513 SU0031_D20091123_T033018 SU0031_D20091123_T033018 SU0032_D20091123_T151846 SU0032_D20091123_T151846 SU0032_D20091123_T151846 SU0032_D20091123_T151846 SU0032_D20091123_T160213 SU0032_D20091123_T160213 SU0032_D20091123_T165436 SU0032_D20091123_T165436 SU0032_D20091123_T184200 SU0032_D20091123_T184200 SU0032_D20091123_T200505 SU0032_D20091123_T200505 SU0032_D20091123_T203950 SU0032_D20091123_T203950 SU0032_D20091123_T203950 SU0032_D20091123_T203950 SU0032_D20091123_T203950 SU0032_D20091123_T203950 SU0032_D20091123_T211609 SU0032_D20091123_T211609 SU0032_D20091123_T211609 SU0032_D20091123_T211609 SU0032_D20091123_T211609 SU0032_D20091123_T211609 SU0032_D20091123_T215341 SU0032_D20091123_T215341 SU0032_D20091123_T222814 SU0032_D20091123_T222814 SU0032_D20091123_T222814 SU0032_D20091123_T222814 SU0032_D20091123_T230247 SU0032_D20091123_T230247 SU0032_D20091123_T233719 SU0032_D20091123_T233719 SU0032_D20091124_T001151 SU0032_D20091124_T001151 Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
Profil name P208 P212 P212 P214 P214 P216 P216 P218 P218 P218 P218 P220 P220 P220 P220 P222a P222a P222b P222b P222c P222c P222d P222d P224 P224 P227 P227 P227 P227 P228 P228 P229 P229 P229 P229 P230 P230 P231 P231 P231 P231 P231 P231 P232a P232a P232a P232a P232b P232b P232b P232b
Shotpoints 24440 28622 29279 30079 30744 31069 32118 32618 33657 33658 34236 34835 36246 36247 36946 2590 3482 3483 5178 5179 7749 7768 8740 16234 18123 22012 23301 23302 23501 24606 25642 25643 25890 25891 26743 26936 28222 28223 28479 28480 31068 31069 31285 31286 33657 33658 36246 36247 38835 38836 41424
Latitude 40,929394 40,899342 40,874533 40,865864 40,893508 40,886753 40,857744 40,845514 40,869314 40,869339 40,881364 40,876156 40,848775 40,848750 40,834692 40,785797 40,752036 40,752008 40,771761 40,771772 40,793869 40,794222 40,820214 40,817522 40,759286 40,656119 40,678869 40,678869 40,684056 40,712067 40,687736 40,687719 40,691756 40,691756 40,710931 40,711131 40,692708 40,692706 40,694639 40,694653 40,724114 40,724131 40,726508 40,726514 40,710003 40,709994 40,692181 40,692172 40,675456 40,675447 40,656783
Longitude 27,895006 27,717108 27,749275 27,734642 27,699867 27,678692 27,719689 27,707575 27,676089 27,676056 27,659753 27,639136 27,675981 27,676014 27,695156 27,678231 27,676192 27,676225 27,757897 27,757947 27,915364 27,915992 27,920825 27,924275 27,932089 27,961103 27,996686 27,996686 28,001031 28,027686 28,060258 28,060300 28,067133 28,067133 28,091786 28,099906 28,150325 28,150375 28,160131 28,160178 28,256692 28,256736 28,264789 28,264836 28,358811 28,358861 28,454978 28,455019 28,544964 28,545014 28,646747 113
Filename SU0032_D20091124_T004712 SU0032_D20091124_T004712 SU0032_D20091124_T004712 SU0032_D20091124_T004712 SU0032_D20091124_T012144 SU0032_D20091124_T012144 SU0032_D20091124_T015617 SU0032_D20091124_T015617 SU0032_D20091124_T023109 SU0032_D20091124_T023109 SU0032_D20091124_T031745 SU0032_D20091124_T031745 SU0033_D20091124_T183232 SU0033_D20091124_T183232 SU0033_D20091124_T191138 SU0033_D20091124_T191138 SU0033_D20091124_T191138 SU0033_D20091124_T191138 SU0033_D20091124_T195331 SU0033_D20091124_T195331 SU0033_D20091124_T195331 SU0033_D20091124_T195331 SU0033_D20091124_T202803 SU0033_D20091124_T202803 SU0033_D20091124_T202803 SU0033_D20091124_T202803 SU0033_D20091124_T202803 SU0033_D20091124_T202803 SU0033_D20091124_T210239 SU0033_D20091124_T210239 SU0033_D20091124_T210239 SU0033_D20091124_T210239 SU0033_D20091124_T213716 SU0033_D20091124_T213716 SU0033_D20091124_T213716 SU0033_D20091124_T213716 SU0033_D20091124_T221149 SU0033_D20091124_T221149 SU0033_D20091124_T221149 SU0033_D20091124_T221149 SU0033_D20091124_T224624 SU0033_D20091124_T224624 SU0033_D20091124_T224624 SU0033_D20091124_T224624 SU0033_D20091124_T232102 SU0033_D20091124_T232102 SU0033_D20091124_T235533 SU0033_D20091124_T235533 SU0033_D20091125_T003005 SU0033_D20091125_T003005 SU0033_D20091125_T003005 Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
Profil name P232b P232b P233a P233a P233a P233a P233b P233b P233c P233c P233c P233c P238a P238a P238a P238a P238b P238b P238b P238b P239 P239 P239 P239 P240 P240 P241 P241 P241 P241 P242a P242a P242a P242a P242b P242b P242b P242b P242c P242c P242c P242c P243a P243a P243a P243a P243b P243b P243b P243b P244a
Shotpoints 41425 41583 41584 44013 44014 46602 46603 49191 51291 51780 51781 52545 22086 23301 23302 24501 25401 25890 25891 28394 28395 28479 28480 29264 29265 30600 30601 31068 31069 32254 32293 33657 33658 34617 34618 36246 36247 36493 36494 38835 38836 39224 39712 41424 41425 44013 44014 46602 46603 47742 47752
Latitude 40,656772 40,655578 40,655567 40,662475 40,662475 40,677894 40,677900 40,691922 40,702764 40,705272 40,705278 40,709083 40,801981 40,772136 40,772103 40,733106 40,695497 40,680586 40,680550 40,605539 40,605500 40,603069 40,603069 40,581758 40,581733 40,579425 40,579411 40,568131 40,568131 40,538558 40,538331 40,561653 40,561672 40,578128 40,578153 40,619083 40,619119 40,625817 40,625844 40,633119 40,633125 40,634672 40,634456 40,632317 40,632317 40,629164 40,629164 40,626650 40,626647 40,625553 40,625681
Longitude 28,646792 28,652917 28,652967 28,748903 28,748903 28,846833 28,846881 28,946881 29,061492 29,083297 29,083347 29,117081 28,830319 28,832261 28,832269 28,839278 28,842708 28,844722 28,844728 28,853908 28,853903 28,852819 28,852819 28,836347 28,836311 28,782281 28,782236 28,770181 28,770181 28,741053 28,739897 28,696844 28,696806 28,665553 28,665511 28,629989 28,629967 28,624933 28,624897 28,526028 28,525975 28,509936 28,502803 28,572614 28,572614 28,680719 28,680769 28,781222 28,781269 28,825861 28,826178 114
Filename SU0033_D20091125_T003005 SU0033_D20091125_T010437 SU0033_D20091125_T010437 SU0033_D20091125_T014146 SU0033_D20091125_T014146 SU0033_D20091125_T022505 SU0033_D20091125_T022505 SU0033_D20091125_T030342 SU0033_D20091125_T030342 SU0033_D20091125_T030342 SU0033_D20091125_T030342 SU0136_D20091206_T132727
Profil name P244a P244a P244a P244b P244b P244b P244b P244b P244b P244c P244c P245
Shotpoints 49191 49192 50991 52889 54369 54370 56958 56959 58112 58113 59521 2
Latitude 40,660081 40,660106 40,696000 40,742200 40,773969 40,773994 40,830478 40,830478 40,853244 40,853264 40,872514 40,805936
Longitude 28,842886 28,842900 28,859069 28,882419 28,882467 28,882467 28,877678 28,877678 28,876794 28,876803 28,904308 27,662464
SU0136_D20091206_T132727 SU0136_D20091206_T132727 SU0136_D20091206_T132727 SU0136_D20091206_T144431 SU0136_D20091206_T144431 SU0137_D20091206_T144907 SU0137_D20091206_T144907 SU0137_D20091206_T144907 SU0137_D20091206_T144907
P245 P246 P246 P246 P246 P247 P247 P248 P248
1040 1041 5180 5181 5325 1 4100 4101 5116
40,820092 40,820092 40,869572 40,869572 40,870958 40,871553 40,820739 40,820719 40,804992
27,642244 27,642244 27,682092 27,682092 27,683692 27,686981 27,681019 27,681008 27,698353
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
115
Appendix 6: Liste des fiches de carottages Fiche de prélèvement WATCHING PERSON: CRUISE MARMESONET
DATE 09/11/2009
PLACE IZMIT GULF, SEA OF MARMARA
STATION N° 1 CORE NAME MET09-MEI06
RONANBERG
Corer type Tube length(m)
1,00 m
Corer weight (t)
N
Free fall (m/s) Position
Lat:
40° 43.775'
Long:
29° 22.958'
time at sea (hh:mm) Penetration time (hh:mm)
Depth (m)
Length of cable out (m)
Pulling up tension (t)
time on the bord (hh:mm) Penetration (m)
Core length (m)
0,20 m
Observations: Problems:
none
Notes:
for ITU, Istanbul
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
116
Sampling sheet WATCHING PERSON:
CHARLINE GUERIN
CRUISE
DATE
MARMESONET
09/11/2009
PLACE IZMIT GULF, SEA OF MARMARA
STATION N° 2 CORE NAME MET09-GR01/MEG06
GRAVITY
Corer type
8,00 m
Tube length(m)
Corer weight (t)
1,200 t
Free fall (m/s)
0,80 m
15:58
time at sea (hh:mm)
Location Lat:
40° 43.775'
Long: 29° 22.958' 16:04
Penetration time (hh:mm)
185,0 m
Lenght of cable out (m) time on the bord (hh:mm)
16:10
Penetration (m)
4,50 m
Depth (m) Pulling up tension (t)
180,0 m
Core lenght (m)
2,85 m
5,000 t
Sections: 3 sections: 1: TOP to 50 cm; 2: 50 to 150 cm; 3: 150 to 285 cm Observations:
TOP: Greenish grey - silty sandy
Problems:
none
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
117
Sampling sheet WATCHING PERSON:
CHARLINE GUERIN
CRUISE MARMESONET
DATE 09/11/2009
PLACE IZMIT GULF, SEA OF MARMARA
STATION N° 3 CORE NAME MET09-MEI02bis
RONANBERG
Corer type
1,00 m
Tube length(m)
Corer weight (t) Free fall (m/s)
0,80 m
16:31
time at sea (hh:mm)
Location 16:33
Penetration time (hh:mm)
Lenght of cable out (m)
time on the bord (hh:mm)
16:36
Penetration (m)
1,00 m
Depth (m)
225 m
Pulling up tension (t)
0,040 t
Core lenght (m)
0,04 m
Lat:
40° 43.775'
Long: 29° 22.958'
Observations: Problems:
none
Notes:
for ITU, Istanbul
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
118
Sampling sheet WATCHING PERSON:
CHARLINE GUERIN CRUISE
DATE
MARMESONET
15/11/2009
PLACE CENTRAL HIGH, SEA OF MARMARA
STATION N° 4 CORE NAME MET09-GR02
Corer type Tube length(m) time when corer is in the sea (hh:mm)
Penetration time (hh:mm) Lenght of cable out (m)
GRAVITY 8,00 m
Corer weight (t)
1,200 t
Free fall (m/s)
0,80 m
15:10 Position 15:25 681,0 m
time when corer is on the bord (hh:mm)
18:45
Penetration (m)
9,40 m
Depth (m)
662 m
Pulling up tension (t)
4,000 t
Core lenght (m)
6,90 m
Lat:
40° 51.895'
Long: 28° 32.418'
Sampling for intersticial water sampling with squeezer: I: sampling at 95-100 cm, VS=5 U III: sampling at 95-100, VS=3,5 U IV: sampling at 95-100 cm, VS=4,9 V: sampling at 95-100 cm, VS=5,4 VI: sampling at 95-100 cm, VS=8,5 VII: bottom (no water extraction), VS=8 Problems: Notes: Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
1 u = 2,14 kPa none HIGH OCCURRENCE OF H2S 119
Sampling sheet WATCHING PERSON:
STEPHANIE DUPRE CRUISE MARMESONET
DATE 15/11/2009
PLACE CENTRAL HIGH, SEA OF MARMARA
STATION N° 5 CORE NAME MET09-GR03
Corer type Tube length(m)
time at sea (hh:mm)
Penetration time (hh:mm) Length of cable out (m) time on the bord (hh:mm) Penetration (m)
GRAVITY 8,00 m
Corer weight (t)
1,200 t
Free fall (m/s)
0,80 m
17:48 Location 18:02 370,0 m
Depth (m)
372 m
Pulling up tension (t)
4,200 t
Core lenght (m)
4,93 m
Lat:
40° 52.115'
Long:
28° 35.438'
18:15 8?
Sections and sampling: I: sampling at 95-100 cm II: sampling at 95-100 cm, SS:4,6 U III: sampling at 95-100 cm, SS:6,5 IV: sampling at 95-100 cm, SS:7,2 Bottom Problems:
Lost of the top, top liquid, no possibility to make a shear strenght measurement probably void within the third section
Notes: Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
120
Sampling sheet WATCHING PERSON:
CHARLINE GUERIN CRUISE MARMESONET
DATE 15/11/2009
PLACE WESTERN HIGH, SEA OF MARMARA
STATION N° 6 CORE NAME MET09-GR04
GRAVITY
Corer type
8,00 m
Tube length(m) time when corer is in the sea (hh:mm)
time when corer is on the bord (hh:mm)
Free fall (m/s)
0,80 m Position
656,0 m
Length of cable out (m)
1,200 t
15:07
15:24
Penetration time (hh:mm)
Corer weight (t)
Depth (m)
659 m
Pulling up tension (t)
3,000 t
Core length (m)
5,70 m
Lat:
40° 49.046'
Long: 27° 46.815'
15:38
Penetration (m) Sections and sampling: I: sampling at 95-100 cm V: sampling at 0-10 cm & 95-100 VI: sampling at 2-3 cm (carbonate concretion)
Problems: Notes:
none HIGH OCCURRENCE OF H2S Coquilles intactes au top de la carotte
Corresponding to the MNT-KS33 core Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
121
Sampling sheet WATCHING PERSON: STEPHANIE DUPRE CRUISE MARMESONET
DATE 15/11/2009
PLACE WESTERN HIGH, SEA OF MARMARA
STATION N° 7 MET09-GR05
Corer type Tube length(m)
time at sea (hh:mm)
Penetration time (hh:mm) Length of cable out (m)
GRAVITY 8,00 m
Corer weight (t)
1,200 t
Free fall (m/s)
0,80 m
17:17 Location 17:34 599,0 m
time on the bord (hh:mm)
17:50
Penetration (m)
8,50 m
Depth (m)
602 m
Pulling up tension (t)
3,900 t
Core length (m)
5,89 m
Lat:
40° 47.931'
Long:
27° 43.152'
Sections and sampling: I: sampling at 95-100 cm, SS: 2,8 U II: sampling at 95-100 cm, SS:4 U III: sampling at 95-100 cm, SS:4,9 IV: sampling at 95-100 cm, SS:5,2 V: bottom sampling, SS:5,2 Core catcher Problems: Notes: Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
Lose of the bottom during the extraction of the core The objectif of this coring was to extract gaz hydrate and eventually fluids. No gaz hydrate has been find but we extract the fluid by rhizon (Rh, 8 POINTS) 122
Sampling sheet WATCHING PERSON: CHARLINE GUERIN CRUISE MARMESONET
DATE 16/11/2009
1,00 m
Tube length(m)
Free fall (m/s)
Position 15:32
Penetration time (hh:mm)
660,0 m
Lenght of cable out (m)
time on the bord (hh:mm)
17:50
Penetration (m)
1,00 m
Notes:
Depth (m)
680 m
Pulling up tension (t)
0,020 t
Core lenght (m)
0,65 m
Lat:
40° 48.7347'
Long: 27° 44.9513'
none none FOR ITU
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
1,00 m
15:19
time at sea (hh:mm)
Problems:
STATION N° 8 CORE NAME MET09-MEI03
RONANBERG
Corer type
Sections and sampling:
PLACE WESTERN HIGH, SEA OF MARMARA
123
Fiche de prélèvement Chef de Quart: BATIMENT
CAMPAGNE MARMESONET
DATE 16/11/2009
LIEU WESTERN HIGH
STATION N° 9 PRELEVEMENT N° MET09-K01
KULLENBERG
Corer type Tube length(m)
Corer weight (t)
Pilote
yes
Free fall (m/s)
0,80 m
1256,000 t
length of triggering cable
12,00 m
Depth (m)
672,0 m
time at sea (hh:mm)
16:17
Penetration time (hh:mm)
16:43 656,0 m
Length of cable out (m) time on the bord (hh:mm)
17:12
Penetration (m)
0,00 m
Description
1200,000 t
Pulling up tension (t)
2,500 t
Core length (m)
0,00 m
Security
Position
yes
Lat:
40 48.898
Long:
27 46.635
Longueur car.pilote (m)
8,00 m
CORE EMPTY
GAZ HYDRATE WITHIN THE OGIVE Sampling: 2 bags of carbonate concretion of the core catcher Incidents NONE Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
124
Sampling sheet WATCHING PERSON:
STEPHANIE DUPRE CRUISE MARMESONET
DATE 16/11/2009
PLACE WESTERN HIGH, SEA OF MARMARA
STATION N° 10 MET09-MEI04
RONANBERG
Corer type
1,00 m
Tube length(m)
Corer weight (t) Free fall (m/s)
Location 18:16
Penetration time (hh:mm)
750,0 m
Lenght of cable out (m)
time on the bord (hh:mm)
18:30
Penetration (m)
1,00 m
Problems:
none none
Notes:
FOR ITU
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
1,00 m
18:05
time at sea (hh:mm)
Sections and sampling:
?
Depth (m)
741 m
Pulling up tension (t)
0,044 t
Core lenght (m)
0,46 m
Lat:
40° 48.8782'
Long: 27° 43.3268'
125
Sampling sheet WATCHING PERSON:
CHARLINE GUERIN CRUISE MARMESONET
PLACE WESTERN HIGH, SEA OF MARMARA
STATION N° 11 CORE NAME MET09-GR06/MEG-04
GRAVITY
Corer type
8,00 m
Tube length(m)
N
Corer weight (t)
1,200 t
Free fall (m/s)
0,80 m
16:21
time at sea (hh:mm)
Location 16:37
Penetration time (hh:mm)
744,0 m
Lenght of cable out (m)
Depth (m)
742,0 m
Pulling up tension (t)
4,250 t
Core lenght (m)
4,53 m
Lat:
40° 48.867'
Long: 27° 43.331'
16:57
time on the bord (hh:mm)
8m
Penetration (m) Sections:
5 sections
Sampling:
1 sample from the core catcher (contains oily mud)
Shear strenght measurements:
II, 200: VS=3,5
III, 300: 3,9
IV, 400: 5,3
V, 500: 5,6
Problems: Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
DATE 17/11/2009
NONE 126
Sampling sheet WATCHING PERSON:
CHARLINE GUERIN CRUISE MARMESONET
DATE 17/11/2009
PLACE WESTERN HIGH, SEA OF MARMARA
STATION N° 12 CORE NAME MET09-GR07
GRAVITY
Corer type
8,00 m
Tube length(m)
N
Pilote corer (1 = Yes / 0 = No)
Corer weight (t)
1,200 t
Free fall (m/s)
0,80 m
17:42
Corer at sea (hh:mm)
Location 17:58
Penetration time (hh:mm) Lenght of cable out (m)
628,0 m
corer on board (hh:mm)
18:14 8m
Penetration (m)
Depth (m)
618,0 m
Pulling up tension (t)
3,900 t
Core lenght (m)
4,62 m
Lat:
40° 48.431'
Long: 27° 44.030'
Sections and Torvane shear: I, VS=4,5 II, VS=4,3 III, VS=7,5 IV, VS=8,5 Sampling:
1, Core catcher
Problems:
NONE
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
127
Sampling sheet WATCHING PERSON:
CHARLINE GUERIN CRUISE MARMESONET
Corer type
DATE 17/11/2009
PLACE WESTERN HIGH, SEA OF MARMARA
STATION N° 13 CORE NAME MET09-GR08
GRAVITY
Corer type 8,00 m
Corer weight (t)
1,200 t
Free fall (m/s)
0,80 m
Tube length(m)
18:51 Location time at sea (hh:mm) 18:58
Depth (m)
618,0 m
Pulling up tension (t)
3,800 t
Core length (m)
4,95 m
Lat:
40° 48.417'
Long: 27° 44.030'
Penetration time (hh:mm) 624,0 m Length of cable out (m) 19:21 time on the bord (hh:mm) 8m
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
128
Penetration (m) Sections and Torvane shear: II, VS=3,3 II, VS=3,7 III, VS=4,2 IV, VS=6 Sampling:
Piece of wood (IV, 393) sampling for CEREGE II, 95-100
III, 95-100
IV: 95-100 Core catcher Problems:
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
NONE
129
Sampling sheet WATCHING PERSON:
CHARLINE GUERIN CRUISE MARMESONET
DATE 18/11/2009
PLACE WESTERN TEKIRDAG, SEA OF MARMARA
STATION N° 14 CORE NAME MET09-GR09/MEG05
GRAVITY
Corer type
8,00 m
Tube length(m)
N
Pilote corer (1 = Yes / 0 = No)
16:16
Lenght of cable out (m)
1110,0 m
corer on board (hh:mm)
16:42
Penetration (m)
4,00 m
Sections:
3
Sampling:
III, bottom II, 200: VS=3,7 III, 300: VS=6 Smell of H2S
Observations: Problems: Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
Depth (m)
No
0,80 m
Location
Penetration time (hh:mm)
Free fall (m/s)
Security (1 =YES / 0 = No)
15:51
Corer at sea (hh:mm)
Torvane shear:
Corer weight (t)
Lat:
40° 47.702
Long: 27° 27.569
1066,0 m
Pulling up tension (t)
3,756 t
Core lenght (m)
3,07 m
NONE 130
Sampling sheet WATCHING PERSON:
CHARLINE GUERIN CRUISE
MARMESONET
DATE 18/11/2009
PLACE WESTERN TEKIRDAG NEAR GANOS BEND, SEA OF MARMARA
STATION N° 15 CORE NAME MET09-MEI05
RONANBERG
Corer type
1,00 m
Tube length(m) N
Pilote corer (1 = Yes / 0 = No)
Length of cable out (m)
17:33
Depth (m)
1096,0 m
1111,0 m
Pulling up tension (t)
0,136 t
Core length (m)
28,50 m
Lat:
40° 47.714
Long: 27° 27.558
17:51
corer on board (hh:mm)
Penetration (m)
Non
0,80 m
Position
Penetration time (hh:mm)
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
Free fall (m/s)
Security (1 = Oui / 0 = Non)
17:15
Corer at sea (hh:mm)
Problems:
Corer weight (t)
NONE
131
Sampling sheet WATCHING PERSON:
STEPHANIE DUPRE CRUISE MARMESONET
DATE 18/11/2009
PLACE WESTERN TEKIRDAG, SEA OF MARMARA
STATION N° 16 CORE NAME MET09-MEI05BIS
Corer type
Tube length(m)
Pilote corer (1 = Yes / 0 = No)
Corer at sea (hh:mm)
Penetration time (hh:mm)
RONANBERG
1,00 m
N
Free fall (m/s)
Security (1 = Oui / 0 = Non)
Position 18:44 1111,0 m
corer on board (hh:mm)
18:59
Depth (m)
Non
0,80 m
18:25
Lenght of cable out (m)
Penetration (m)
Corer weight (t)
Lat:
40° 47.6918
Long: 27° 27.5606
1060,0 m
Pulling up tension (t)
0,125 t
Core lenght (m)
57,00 m
Bottom seawater sampling Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
132
Sampling sheet WATCHING PERSON:
STEPHANIE DUPRE CRUISE MARMESONET
DATE 18/11/2009
PLACE SOUTH TEKIRDAG, SEA OF MARMARA
STATION N° 17 CORE NAME MET09-GR010
Corer type Tube length(m)
Pilote corer (1 = Yes / 0 = No) Corer at sea (hh:mm)
Penetration time (hh:mm)
GRAVITY 8,00 m
N
Corer weight (t)
Free fall (m/s)
Security (1 = Oui / 0 = Non) 0,80 m
18:22 Position 18:42
Lenght of cable out (m)
1118,0 m
corer on board (hh:mm)
19:00
Penetration (m)
4,50 m
Depth (m) Pulling up tension (t)
Core lenght (m)
Non
Lat:
40° 48.219
Long: 27° 37.743
1122,0 m 3,500 t
309,50 m
Sections and Torvane shear: 3 sections I, 100 Torvane shear: 4 u II, 200 Torvane shear: 5,15 u Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
133
III, 309,5 Rhizon:
Problems: Observations:
Rh1:20 cm; Rh2:50 cm Rh3:20 cm; Rh4:50 cm Rh5:20 cm; Rh6:50 cm NONE core for physical measurements near Piezo LTdeployed during MarNaut
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
134
Fiche de prélèvement Chef de Quart: BATIMENT
CAMPAGNE MARMESONET
DATE 21/11/2009
LIEU WESTERN HIGH
STATION N° 18 PRELEVEMENT N° MET09-GR11/HF4-2
GRAVITY
Type de carottier
6,00 m
Longueur du tube(m)
Non
Carottier pilote (1 = Oui / 0 = Non)
Masse carottier (t) Chute libre (m)
1200,000 t
Sécurité (1 = Oui / 0 = Non)
Oui
CAROTTAGE
0,80 m
Engin codé et N°
1256,000 t
Poids du carottier dans l'eau (t) Carottier à la mer (hh:mm)
16:38
Déclenchement (hh:mm)
16:49
656,0 m
Ligne filée (m) Carottier à bord (hh:mm)
17:15
Pénétration (m)
>9 m
Sonde (m)
1271,0 m
Tension à l'arrachement (t)
4,000 t
Longueur carotte (m)
6,61 m
Position
Lat:
40°
49.056
Long:
27°
47.801
Longueur car.pilote (m)
Sampling: TOP I100-II0 section contact (carbonate concretion) Core catcher Observations
OILY MUD - STRONG OILY SMELL
Problems
NONE
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
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Fiche de prélèvement Chef de Quart: BATIMENT
CAMPAGNE MARMESONET
DATE 21/11/2009
LIEU CINARCIK BASIN, NW site
STATION N° 19 PRELEVEMENT N° MET09-K02
KULLENBERG
Corer type
8,00 m
Tube length(m)
Oui
Pilote corer (1 = Yes / 0 = No)
Corer weight (t) Free fall (m/s)
1256,000 t
1200,000 t
Security (1 =YES / 0 = No)
YES
CAROTTAGE
0,80 m
Engin codé et N°
8,00 m 13,00 m
Corer at sea (hh:mm)
15:45
Penetration time (hh:mm)
16:13
Lenght of cable out (m)
1267,0 m
corer on board (hh:mm)
16:56
Penetration (m)
>9 m
Depth (m)
1271,0 m
Pulling up tension (t)
4,000 t
Core lenght (m)
6,60 m
Location
Lat:
40°
44.0881
Long:
29°
07.1861
Longueur car.pilote (m)
Sampling: TOP: 7 cm Torvane shear: I: 2u; II: 3,9 u, III: 6.2 (dark mud); IV: 5.5 u; V:5,3 Observations
For section 6, void formation during the Torvane shear measurement
Incidents
NONE
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
136
Fiche de prélèvement WATCHING PERSON:
DEVRIM TEZCAN CRUISE
DATE MARMESONET
PLACE 22/11/2009 W KUMBURGAZ
STATION N° 20 CORE NAME MET09-MEI02
Corer type
RONANBERG
Tube length(m)
Pilote corer (1 = Yes / 0 = No)
Oui
Corer at sea (hh:mm)
04:50
Penetration time (hh:mm)
05:03
Lenght of cable out (m)
687,0 m
corer on board (hh:mm)
5:16
Penetration (m)
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
Corer weight (t)
Security (1 =YES / 0 = No)
Free fall (m/s)
0,80 m
Depth (m)
692,0 m
Pulling up tension (t)
Location
Yes
Lat:
40°
50.8576
Long:
28°
15.3789
no data
Core lenght (m)
137
Fiche de prélèvement WATCHING PERSON:
Devrim Tezcan CRUISE
DATE MARMESONET
PLACE 21/11/2009 W KUMBURGAZ
STATION N° 21 CORE NAME MET09-GR12/MEG02
GRAVITY
Corer type
6,00 m
Tube length(m)
Non
Pilote corer (1 = Yes / 0 = No)
Corer weight (t)
1200,000 t
Free fall (m/s)
0,80 m
Depth (m)
692,0 m
1256,000 t
Corer at sea (hh:mm)
05:29
Penetration time (hh:mm)
05:48
Lenght of cable out (m)
696,0 m
corer on board (hh:mm)
6:02 6,00 m
Penetration (m)
Pulling up tension (t)
4,000 t
Core lenght (m)
3,87 m
Location
Lat:
40°
50.8
Long:
28°
15.3
Sections: 3 Sampling:
BOTTOM
OBS: ITU Core for paleo-seismicity studies Problems
NONE
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
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Fiche de prélèvement WATCHING PERSON: Stephanie Dupré CRUISE
DATE MARMESONET
PLACE
STATION N° 22 CORE NAME MET09-GR13/HF6-3
21/11/2009
GRAVITY
Corer type
6,00 m
Tube length(m)
Non
Pilote corer (1 = Yes / 0 = No)
Corer weight (t)
1200,000 t
Free fall (m/s)
0,80 m
Depth (m)
692,0 m
1256,000 t Corer at sea (hh:mm)
18:18
Penetration time (hh:mm)
18:37 1020,0 m
Length of cable out (m)
Pulling up tension (t)
4,000 t
Core length (m)
1,05 m
Location
Lat:
40°
49.038
Long:
27°
53.701
19:11
corer on board (hh:mm)
around 1 m
Penetration (m) Sampling:
2 for the bottom: core catcher and bottom of the core (carbonate concretion) Problems
NONE
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
139
APPENDIX 8. Report of OBS and piezometers recovery with R/V Yunus
Marmesonet Leg I Cruise Report
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