Gatanya hagati ya Afurika na ICC ishobora kubera i Kigali Yanditswe kuya 30-03-2016 na Cyprien Niyomwungeri

Kwijujuta, kuvugira mu matamatama no kwinubira igifatwa nk’isura nshya y’ubukoroni ku bihugu bigize Umuryango w’Ubumwe bwa Afurika (AU), bishobora gushyirirwaho akadomo mu nama izabera i Kigali, aho byitezwe ko ibyo bihugu bishobora gucana umubano n’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha (ICC). Ni kenshi mu mbwirwaruhame za bamwe mu bayobozi ba Afurika bumvikana bagaragaza ko batishimye imikorere y’uru rukiko ndetse ntibahweme no gutanga ibitekerezo bikubiyemo ibyifuzo byo gusesa amasezerano arushyiraho. Abo bayobozi barushinja kubogama no gukurikirana ibyaha rugendeye ku ibara ry’uruhu, kuko rukurikirana abayobozi b’ibihugu by’Afurika gusa, rukirengagiza abandi banyabyaha bo ku yindi migabane nka Amerika n’u Burayi. Hari n’abafata ibikorwa na ICC nk’isura nshya y’ubukoloni kuko ngo rwamaze kuba igikoresho cy’ibihugu bikomeye mu gukandamiza Afurika. Ibi bisasirwa n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bwa Afurika (AU) na wo ukomeje gushyigikira kwitandukanya n’uru rukiko bitewe no gukemanga ubutabera bwarwo. Ibihugu 34 bya Afurika byasinye amasezerano ashyiraho uru rukiko, gusa byo bikavuga ko rurengaho rukabyibasira ku buryo bibona ko rwamaze kuba igikoresho cy’ibihugu bikomeye mu gukandamiza Afurika. Hagendewe ku byasabwe na Perezida Kenyatta mu nama y’Afurika Yunze Ubumwe iheruka, byitezwe ko inama ya AU izabera i Kigali ishobora gusiga ibihugu bya Afurika byigobotoye urukiko rwa ICC. Ubusanzwe ingingo ya 127 y’amasezerano ya Roma, yemerera igihugu kinyamuryango kwivana muri ayo masezerano ku mpamvu zacyo bwite, kandi uko kwivanamo ntikubangamire ubundi bufatanye bushobora gukenerwa n’urukiko kuri icyo gihugu. Igihugu cyemererwa kuva mu banyamuryango nyuma y’umwaka umwe kigejeje ku Munyamabanga Mukuru wa Loni ubusabe bwo kuvamo. Imvano y’umwuka mubi hagati ya AU na ICC Kuwa 17 Nyakanga 1998, nibwo ibihugu 123 birimo 34 byo ku mugabane wa Afurika byasinye amasezerano ya Roma ashyiraho urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha (ICC), ruhabwa icyicaro i La Haye mu Buholandi.

Perezida Museveni yakunze kumvikana anenga cyane imikorere y’uru rukiko nubwo adahwema kurwitabaza

Imibanire y’ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika n’uru rukiko yaranzwe n’umwuka mubi, ahanini bitewe nuko amaperereza yose uru rukiko rwatangiye gukora muri 2002 yabaga ari ay’Abanyafurika. Ibintu byahinduye isura mu 2009 , ubwo umushinjacyaha mukuru warwo Luis MorenoOcampo yasohoraga inyandiko zo guta muri yombi Perezida wa Sudani Omar al-Bashir, amushinja ibyaha by’intambara byakorewe i Darfur, n’ubwo uyu yari akiri ku butegetsi ndetse anafite ubudahangarwa bugirwa n’abakuru b’ibihugu. Umwuka mubi wakomeje gututumba kugeza ubwo ICC yatangiraga iperereza kuri Perezida Uhuru Kenyatta na Visi Perezida we William Ruto, bashinjwa kugira uruhare mu mvururu zakurikiye amatora ya Perezida mu mwaka wa 2007, aho abantu bagera ku 1000 bishwe abandi benshi bagahunga. Uku gukurikirana abayobozi ba Afurika gusa abandi bagasabirwa gukorwaho iperereza, hari ababibona nko kubogama kuko rwirengagiza gukurikirana Abanyamerika nka George W. Bush, Abanyaburayi nka Tony Blair, Vradimir Putin n’abandi bakekwaho gukora ibyaha bitandukanye. Ibi bituma bamwe mu Banyafurika bafata ICC nk’ igikoresho cy’ibihugu bikomeye bashingiye ko hari abayobozi nka Perezida Bashir bashakishwa n’uru rukiko kandi batarasinye ku masezerano ya Rome arushyiraho. Umwanzuro wo gutandukana na ICC ushobora kuzafatirwa i Kigali Nyuma yo kwijujuta kw’ibihugu bigize Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe, inama yawo izabera i Kigali muri Nyakanga 2016 ishobora kuba aka wa mugani ugira uti “Findi findi irutwa na so araroga”, ibihugu bikerura bikanzura kuva mu cyo byita ubukoloni bushya.

Idriss Déby, Perezida wa Tchad

Inkubiri yo kuvana akarenge mu rukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha ku bihugu bya Afurika, yatangijwe na Uganda na Kenya. Tariki ya 5 Nzeli 2013, Inteko Ishinga amategeko ya Kenya yatoye igitekerezo cyo gufata icyemezo cyihuse cy’uko Kenya ivana umukono ku masezerano ya Roma ashyiraho ICC. Ibi ahanini byatewe n’ikurikiranwa rya Perezida Uhuru Kenyatta na Visi Perezida we William Ruto. Iki gitekerezo cyongeye kuzamurwa na Perezida Kenyatta mu nama ya Afurika Yunze Ubumwe iheruka kubera i Addis Ababa muri Mutarama uyu mwaka. Yifuje ko muri Nyakanga mu nama nk’uyu muryango iteganyijwe kuzabera i Kigali hakorwa inyandiko yemeza ko ibihugu bya Afurika bivanye akarenge muri ICC. Ni igitekerezo cyasamiwe hejuru na Perezida Bashir, ndetse ababirebera hafi ntibashidikanya ko kizanashyigikirwa na Perezida Yoweri Museveni utari muri iyo nama kuko yari mu bikorwa byo kwiyamamaza. Perezida Museveni yakunze kumvikana anenga cyane imikorere y’uru rukiko nubwo adahwema kurwitabaza. Nko mu isabukuru y’ubwigenge ya 51 na 52 ya Kenya, Perezida Museveni yagize ati “Mu nama y’ubutaha nzatanga icyifuzo gisaba ko ibihugu byose byo ku mugabane w’Afurika biva mu rukiko rwa ICC”.

Omar el-Béchir, Perezida ya Roma ashyiraho ICC

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masezerano

Afurika y’Epfo nayo ni kimwe mu bihugu bishobora gushyigikira igitekerezo cya Perezida Kenyatta bitewe n’uko uru rukiko ruherutse kukijundika kuko cyanze gufata Perezida Bashir umwaka ushize. Birasa no korosora uwabyukaga kuko muri Kamena umwaka ushize Afurika y’Epfo yavuze ko ishaka kwivana mu banyamuryango b’uru rukiko. U Rwanda mu mujishi wa gatanya ya AU na ICC Nubwo u Rwanda rutasinye amasezerano ashyiraho ICC, byitezwe ko rushobora gushyigikira ko ibihugu bya Afurika bicana umubano narwo. Ibi bishingirwa ku magambo Perezida Paul Kagame n’abandi bayobozi b’u Rwanda bagiye batangaza banenga imikorere y’uru rukiko. Umunsi umwe, Perezida Kagame yagize ati “Rwagaragaje ukubogama gukomeye ku Banyafurika, aho guteza imbere ubutabera n’amahoro, rwatsikamiye imbaraga zishyirwa mu gushaka ubwiyunge, rukoza isoni abayobozi bo muri Afurika.” Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Rwanda, Louise Mushikiwabo na we ashinja ICC kurangwa n’irondaruhu mu byo ikora no gukorera Abanyaburayi gusa. Mu ruzinduko Mushikiwabo yagiriye mu gihugu cy’u Budage mu Ukuboza umwaka ushize, yavuze ko ICC ari Urukiko rubereyeho kwibasira politike ya Afurika gusa. Yagize ati “Ni nde utarafashije Urukiko rwa ICC? Gusa ibyo rukora usanga rugendera ku ruhu rw’umuntu gusa, kurusha uko rugendera ku byaha umuntu yakoze.” Minisitiri Mushikiwabo avuga ko ibi bigaragarira mu buryo kugeza ubu nta muzungu uragaragara imbere ya ICC, mu gihe Abirabura aribo baburanishwa. Hari ababibona ukundi Ku rundi ruhande ariko, abasesenguzi bagaragaza impungenge z’uko ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika bitazemera gucana umubano na ICC, kuko ibifasha guhashya no kwikiza abo batavuga rumwe.

Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Rwanda, Louise Mushikiwabo na we ashinja ICC kurangwa n’irondaruhu mu byo ikora no gukorera Abanyaburayi gusa

Urugero nko muri Uganda barwitezeho kubakiza Joseph Kony n’abo bafatanyije, RDC rwabakijije Jean Pierre Bemba, muri Mali rubakiza Ahmad Al Faqi al Mahdi, Cote d’Ivoire hari Laurent Gbagbo, Charles Blé Goudé n’abandi. Ku yindi ngingo reka twifashishe ibitekerezo by’Umunya-Tanzania w’Umusesenguzi Jenerali Ulimwengu, usanga ICC idakurikirana buri Munyafurika ahubwo ikurikirana ufite ibyo ashinjwa cyangwa akekwaho. Yagize ati ”Nemera ko ICC ikurikirana Umunyafurika wijanditse mu bikorwa byica abaturage, kuki bashaka gukoresha Abanyafurika bose nk’umutaka wo kubakingira gukurikiranwa ku byaha baba bakoze?.” Akomeza avuga ko kwitwaza ko rudakurikirana abantu nka George W. Bush, Tony Blair n’abandi batungwa agatoki ko bakoze ibyaha, ari ugushaka kuzinzitiranya inzirakarengane bitwaje ko n’abandi bakoze ibyaha batabibajijwe. Yunganirwa na Dr.Kayumba Christophe, Umwarimu akaba n’umusesenguzi mu bya politiki mpuzamahanga, usanga Afurika yarigize insina ngufi imbere ya ICC. Dr Kayumba Avuga ko kumenya aho abayobozi ba Afurika bahagaze ku gusinyura amasezerano ashyiraho ICC bigoye. Dr.Kayumba ashingira ku magambo ya Perezida Museveni muri Kenya, akibaza impamvu yarunenze ariko bidateye kabiri akarwoherereza Maj. Gen. Dominic Ongwen, wo mu mutwe wa Lord Resistance Army umurwanya ngo rumuburanishe.

Perezida wa Kenya, Uhuru Kenyatta wari ukurikiranywe n'uru rukiko

Ibi ngo bifatwa nko kudashaka ko injangwe yawe ibaho ugakomeza kuyigaburira cyangwa guha amata umuturanyi wawe kandi umushinja kukurogera. Ikindi ni uko akenshi ngo ICC ikora ibyo Abanyafurika bayisabiye kandi ikaba itazigera itanga ubutabera bwuzuye kubera inyungu z’ibihugu bikomeye. Bizagenda bite Afurika niramuka yivanye muri ICC Afurika niramuka ivuye muri ICC, nta mahirwe izaba isigaranye yo kohereza abakoze ibyaha bya Jenoside n’ibyibasiye inyokomuntu i La Haye nubwo izakomeza gutanga ubufasha bwo gushyigikira ICC. Igisubizo kizasigara ari ugushaka uburyo yo ubwayo yishakamo ubushobozi bwo kuburanisha abakoze ibyaha nk’ibyo ICC yaburanishaga. Hari andi makuru avuga ko urukiko rwa Afurika rw’uburenganzira bwa muntu rushobora kuzongerewa ubushobozi, rukaba rwabasha gucira imanza abakekwaho ibyaha bya Jenoside n’ibyibasiye inyokomuntu. Icyakora urwo rukiko nta burenganzira rufite bwo kuburanisha abakuru b’ibihugu bakiri mu mirimo. Hari uburyo bimwe mu bihugu bya Afurika byatangiye gukoresha, bwo kwifashisha inkiko zabyo z’imbere mu gihugu zikaburanisha imanza z’abakoherejwe i La Haye. Urugero nko muri Mali, aho Amadou Haya Sanogo washatse guhirika ubutegetsi yangiwe koherezwa i La Haye, Mali ikavuga ko azaburanishirizwa mu gihugu imbere. Hari kandi Perezida wa Cote d’Ivoire Alassane Ouattara wavuze ko nta muntu n’umwe azohereza muri ICC ngo kuko inkiko z’imbere mu gihugu cye “zikora”. Birashoboka ko Afurika nimara kwivana muri ICC, byinshi mu bihugu biyigize bizatangiza ubwo buryo bwo kwiburanishiriza abakekwaho ibyaha bikomeye, gusa hagasigara impungenge z’ukuntu abayobozi ba Afurika bakomeye bazajya baburanishwa n’inkiko z’iwabo zikunzwe kunengwa kugendera mu kwaha k’ubutegetsi.

William Ruto, Visi Perezida wa Kenya

JK: Ubonye iyaba bashinjaga ICC gukulikirana abanyafurika batakoze ibyaha? - Nibamara kuva muli ICC u Rwanda se ruzabasaba no kuva m’Urukiko rwa Afurika rw’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu ko rwo rumaze gukuramo akarwo karenge? Narwo se ruburanisha rukurikije ibara ly’uruhu?