V a le u r d e s c o n s o n n e s
Langue Orale 1/
Source: English Phonology & Graphophonemics, A. Deschamps, JL Duchet, JM Fournier, M. O’Neil, Ophrys, 2004.
Tableau des consonnes:
1. P, k, b, d, f, v, z, l, m et j [dz] have only one phonetic value. 2. D IGRAPHIC
OR TRIGRAPHIC CONSONANTS WITH ONE PHONETIC VALUE :
• •
[k] [f]
• •
[!] [r]
•
[!]
• •
[ !] [s]
•
["]
3. M ONOGRAPHIC •
•
•
•
CONSONANTS WITH SEVERAL PHONETIC VALUES :
o [ks] exodus, sexy, lax, extreme o [gz] exact, anxiety o o c o o
[k!] anxious, luxury [g#] luxurious [k] comic, picnic [s] cease, cynical
o [!] special, superficial o [g] great, gill, got o [!] gin, angel, ogive o [s] sun, spray, beside o [z] rise, chasm, lesbian
•
•
o [!] pretension, implusion o [#] visin, confusion, decision o [t] tear, stream, pot o [t!] picture, digestion, nature o [!] nation, motion, fiction o [n] nut, snob, gnaw o [!] king, think, fungus
NB: and is used as a vowel in digraphs, after a V. It is used as a consonant elsewhere. • •
[r]reach, grant [h] hair, hive, perhaps ou [ø] ohm, hurrah, Brahma, pharaoh
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[j] you, yard, yellow ; digraphs day, boy, quay; [$] berry, yclept; [a$] rhyme, thymus [w] wasp, away, twist; [ø] write, wring, wretched; digraphs raw, few, awe, crown.
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3. D IGRAPHIC OR TRIGRAPHIC CONSONANTS WITH • o [g] guard, guitar o [gw] penguin, anguish • o [kw] queer, squalid o [k] unique, grotesque • o [t!] chess, sachem o [k] chrome, character
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o [!] cache, niche o [g] ghost, ghetto o [ø] high, though
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o ["] thud, thread o [!] those, there
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o [!] schwa, schedule o [sk] school, scheme
SEVERAL PHONETIC VALUES :
•
o [s] scene, scepter o [!] luscious, conscience o [sk] scout, scrabble
Consonants have a basic value, and a secondary value. : basic value [k], secondary value [s] before i, y, e, ee, ea, ie, ae, oe: decide, cider,
cynical, cent, niece, entice… The 2ndary value may undergo palatalisation ([!] before /j/): precious, racial… 4. basic value [g]. Secundary value [d#] before i, y, e, ee: gem, gin, agent… • A few exceptions with pronunciation [g] which cannot be predicted: begin, get, gear, geese, gimmick… •
In a few other items, generally borrowed from French, [#] genre rouge beige garage.
basic value [ks] in all positions except initially. Palatalisation may transform it into [k!] before –ure, -ury, -ion, -ious…: luxury, flexion, anxious… 2ndary value is [gz] found initially xylophone, zenon and in the prefix when unstressed and before a V: examine,
exhibit… Sometimes palatalisation in [g#] luxurious. 5. : basic value [s], 2ndary [z] • basic v: found initially, finally, and before or after an unvoiced consonant: (f, ", •
s, !, p, t, k, h): sin, crisis, rhesus, fracas, upside, test. 2ndary v mainly found o before voiced consonants (b, d, g, v, z) or finally after voiced C: cosmos, miasma, husband, osmosis, means, measles, summons. o Between a V or a sonorant (w, r, j, l, m, n, !) and y, ey, er/or: busy, cosy, jersey, miser, visor… o In endings or endings with pronounced [i:]: rabies, series,pearlies, res, tabes…
o In
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