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TABLE 4. cont'd Polymer Poly(dibutylsilylene-1,4-phenyleneethenylene1,4-phenyleneethenylene-1,4-phenylene) Poly(hexamethylcyclotrisilazane) Poly(dihexylsilyleneferrocenediyl) Poly(dimethyisilylene-N-methylimino) Poly(dimethylsilyleneiminoethyleneimino) Poly(dimethylsilylene-co-1,3-dihydro1,3-dimethyldisilazane) (1:1 to 3: 1)
Solvents
Nonsolvents
Refs.
Chloroform
THF
492
Carbon tetrachloride, hydrocarbons THF THF Xylene Decaline, toluene
Acetone, DMSO
493 680 494 495 496
Toluene
Methanol
497
TABLE 5. MAIN-CHAIN HETEROCYCLIC POLYMERS Polymer
Solvents
Nonsolvents
Refs.
5.1. POLY(BENZOXAZOLES), POLY(OXADIAZOLES), POLY(OXADIAZOLIDINES) Poly(benzoxazoles) Poly(2,5-benzoxazolediyl) Poly(2,6-benzoxazolediyl) Poly(dibenzothiazoles)
Sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid
498 498 499
R = 1,3-phenylene R = 1,4-phenylene R = octamethylene R = 1,4-cyclohexylene
Sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid m-Cresol, formic acid, sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid
R = tetramethylene
Chloroform, m-cresol, DMF (hot), Benzyl alcohol, formic acid pyridine (hot), sulfuric acid (hot), tetrachloroethane (hot), THF (hot) Benzyl alcohol (hot), chloroform, DMF (partially), formic acid (partially) m-cresol (hot), pyridine, sulfuric acid, tetrachloroethane (hot), THF Chloroform, m-cresol, Benzyl alcohol, DMF, pyridine, formic acid (hot), sulfuric acid (hot) tetrachloroethane, THF
R = 1,3-phenylene
R = l ,4-phenylene
Organic solvents Organic solvents Acetic acid, DMA, DMF, DMSO, formamide, NMP
Polyphosphoric acid
DMA, NMP
499 499,500 500 501
502 502
502 503
Methanol
504-506
Poly( 1,3,4-oxadiazoles)
R = octamethylene
R = methylene to eicosamethylene
Bzn., chloroform, m-cresol, dichloroethylene, DMA (hot), DMF, DMSO (hot), NMP (hot), sulfuric acid DMA (hot), DMSO (hot), NMP (hot), DMSO (sw), NMP (sw) sulfuric acid (95%)
507-509
509
References page VII - 536
TABLE 5. cont'd Polymer R = 1,4-cyclohexylene R = 1,3-cyclohexylene R = 1,2-phenylene R = 1,3-phenylene
Solvents Formic acid (80%), sulfuric acid DMA, DMSO, formic acid (80%), NMP, sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid, trifluoroacetic acid
Nonsolvents
Refs.
DMA, DMSO, NMP
Chloroform, m-cresol, DMF, nitrobenzene, tetrafluoropropanol
510 510 511 512-514
Poly(oxadiazolidines)
R=l,3-phenylene
DMSO
Methanol
515
Diethyl ether, diphenyl ether, diphenylmethane, DMA, DMF, DMSO, ethanol, formic acid, quinoline
516
5.2. POLY(DITHIAZOLES), POLY(BENZOTHIAZOLES) Poly(dithiazoles)
R = 1,4-phenylene R = l ,4-phenylenehexamethylene-1,4-phenylene Mw = 11000 Mw = 12000 Mw = 27000 Poly(benzothiazoles)
Sulfuric acid (cold) Sulfuric acid (cold) DMF (cold) DMF (hot)
DMF (hot)
516 516 516 516
R = 1,4-phenylene R = 5-alkoxy-l,3-phenylene R = l,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane R = 1,4-phenylene and 1,4-phenyleneimino1,4-phenylene
Methanesulfonic acid Methanesulfonic acid Methanesulfonic acid, sulfuric acid Methanesulfonic acid, polyphosphoric acid
517 433 518 519
R = 1,3-phenylene R = 3,5-pyridinediyl R = 1,4-phenyleneoxy-1,4-phenylene R = 1,4-phenylenecarbonyl-1,4-phenylene R = 1,4-phenylene R = 1,6-anthracenediyl Poly(2,6-benzothiazolediyl)
Cone, sulfuric acid Cone, sulfuric acid Cone, sulfuric acid Cone, sulfuric acid Cone, sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid (partially) Sulfuric acid
520 520 520 520 500 521 498
5.3. POLY(IMIDES) 5.3.1. POLY(BENZIMIDES)
R = 1,4-phenylenecarbonyloxyethyleneoxyethyleneoxycarbonyl R = poly(isobutylene)iminocarbonyl rc-Butyl R = 1,4-phenyleneoxy-1,4-phenyleneiminocarbonyl R = 4,4/-biphenylyleneiminocarbonyl R = 1,4-phenylenemethylene-1,4-phenyleneiminocarbonyl R = 1,4-phenylenecarbonyloxymethyleneoxycarbonyl R = 1,4-phenyleneoxy-1,4-phenyleneiminocarbonyl R = 1,4-phenyleneoxy-1,4-phenylenecarbonylimino1,4-phenyleneoxy-1,4-pheny leneiminocarbony 1
Methylene chloride/trifluoroacetic acid (4/1) acetate, diethyl ether NMP NMP/xylene DMA5DMSO, NMP m-Cresol (1500C), trichlorobenzene (reflux) DMA DMA, NMP
Methanol Ethanol, methanol
Methanol Methanol
522 313 523 524 525,539 526 527 528
TABLE 5. cont'd Polymer R = 1,4-phenylene R' = 5-oxy-1,4-phenyleneisopropylidene1,4-phenylene-5 '-oxy R = hexamethylene R'-5,5'-oxy R = 2,2/-di(trifluoromethyl)-4,4/-biphenylylene R' = S^'-hexafluoroisopropylidene R = 1,4-phenyleneoxy-1,4-phenylene R' = 5,5 '-phenylphosphineoxide R = 2,2/-ditrifluoromethyl-4,4/-biphenylylene R' = 5,5'-idyl R = 1,4-phenyleneoxy-l, 4-phenylene R' = 5,5'-carbonyl R = 1,3-phenylene R' = S^'-oxy-l^-phenyleneisopropylidene1,4-phenyleneoxy
Solvents
Nonsolvents
Refs.
DMA
529
Cone, sulfuric acid
530
Acetone, chloroform, m-cresol
531
NMP
532
m-Cresol (hot)
533
DMA
534
NMP
535
5.3.2. POLY(PYROMELLITIMIDES)
R = nonamethylene R = 1,3-phenylene; 1,4-phenylene R = 4,4'-biphenylylene R = 1,4-phenylenemethylene-l,4-phenylene; 1,4-phenyleneisopropylidene-1,4-phenylene R = 1,4-phenyleneoxy-1,4-phenylene amic acid R = 1,4-phenylenethio-l,4-phenylene R = 1,4-phenylenesulfonyl-l,4-phenylene R = l,3-phenylenesulfonyl-l,3-methylene R = pentaerythrityl R —4-hydroxy-l,3-phenyleneisopropylidene4-hydroxy-1,3-phenylene R = ethylidenecarbonyloxysebacoyloxycarbonylethylidene, 40% Ethyl cellulose DS = 0.5-0.7 = 1.0-1.5 =2 = 2.3
=3 Isopropyl cellulose DS = 0.5 = 2.5
Butyl cellulose DS = 0.8 = 1.9 Benzyl cellulose DS = 1.65 =2
Aqu. alkalies Aqu. alkali, N-ethylpyridinium chloride/DMF, methanol/methylene chloride, W (cold) Acetone, chloroform, cyclohexanone, esters, pyridine
W Diethyl ether, methanol, methylene chloride, W (hot)
Aqu. alkali Acetic acid, cuoxam, formic acid, pyridine, W (cold) Chloroform, chlorohydrins, dichloroethylene, ethanol, methylene chloride, THF Acetic esters, alcohols, alkyl halides, bzn., carbon disulfide, furan derivatives, ketones, nitromethane Alcohols, bzn., esters, methylene chloride
W (cold) Ethanol
Aliphatic hydrocarbons, diethyl ether, ethanol, W
6,595 6,594,595 6,595 5,6,30, 595,596
Alcohols, diethyl ether, esters, hydrocarbons, ketones, tetrachloroethylene, W Acetone (cold), ethylene glycol
Carbon tetrachloride, diols, di-n-propyl ether, hydrocarbons, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol
W (cold) Acetone, butanol, bzn., chloroform, cyclohexanone, dichloroethane, dioxane, glycol formal, methyl acetate, methylcyclohexanone, THF
W (hot) Ethanol, ethanol/diethylether (1/3), hydrocarbons, methanol, propanol
595 30
Polar organic solvents Aromatic hydrocarbons, polar organic solvents
Hydrocarbons, W Aliphatic hydrocarbons, W
595 595
Methylene chloride, methyl ether glycol acetate, nitrobenzene Acetates (< C5), acetone, bzn./acetone, bzn./alcohol, chlorobenzene, chlorohydrins, dichloroethylene, ethanol/carbon tetrachloride (1/1), MEK, methylene chloride, pyridine, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, tetralin, trichloroethylene
Bzn., chlorobenzene, butyl acetate
210
Alcohols, (> C5), carbon tetrachloride, o-chlorotoluene, diethyl ether, dioxane, dipropyl ketone, hydrocarbons
6,30
References page VII - 536
TABLE 7.
cont'd
Polymer DS = 3
Hydroxyethyl cellulose SC = 55% Hydroxypropyl cellulose Carboxymethyl cellulose SC = 5-10% = 15-30% = high Cyanoethyl cellulose SC = 8-12% = 24-32% = >50%
Solvents
Nonsolvents
Acetone, butyl acetate, chlorobenzene, Aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic chloroform, cyclohexanone, hydrocarbons (sw), carbon ethyl acetate, MEK tetrachloride, diethyl ether, dioxane, ethanol Alkali Ethylene chlorohydrin, DMSO, formic acid, W Bzn./acetone, bzn./alcohol, chloroform, pyridine, esters Cellosolve", dioxane, ethanol, methanol, W (
