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A S T U D YO F T H EA D M I N I S T R A TVI VOEC A B U I . A R Y II Before the French intervention, the Cambodian administration der.iveddiiectlv frour the crown (a). Tne Protectorate diâ not bring obgyl. any .notable changes in its structure. Although it was .crownéd'by the authority of the protecting porver, ilË administration operated at the lower levels and in the provinces within the traditional framervork. The former ',council of ministers" rvhich assisted the sovereiqn and of which the King had been replaceil as chair.man by the French Résident Supérieur, wàs called 1n-;tn:orngnlsic) (in R. Meyer Cours de Cambodgien et læcturçs Cambodgierurcs,Phnom_Penh 1929, p.494) /curisiiênàputtî (5). The first ele-ment'of this hybrid word represents the Fnench word consell(to be replaced by LnuÊô krumjarynury (6), and the second'comegfrom tlre Skr. send, " arrny ", and the Skr. pafi (7), "chief",' Skr. send.pati, "military clrief, general". trualuÉ scndi pati is one of the generic words for "minister". There ltrere five mandarins in the old Council of Ministers who had the following titles : the "Prinre Minister" was called either rnln tillqfilU, ukfr.d,-cauhudy,..mandarin master of the firmament"

(8) or angirrg or tf1lttsLrnrffn or grmrfiJcru6or urnrruelËui, ukltna-agga or agra)mahâ-send(or.maâdlsenâpati, or omahddhipatQ, Ift. flH, â[I corresponding to Pali agga and Shr. agra "summit, higher than" (9). Kh Utfir, maàô, i'great" is Skr. mahd meaning rËufi, adhipati, reproducing Skr. adhi-pati ..Chief". .The literal translation of the title, althouAh it tloes not imply anv miltarv siqnificanée in Camlloclian, wou[d thereiore-be ..the supergeneral mandarinof the armed forces" 'fhe (10). second grand mandarin of the Council, in chageof Justice,is the rngprUunn ukhna l7ama riij, .,mandarin king of hell,' (11). The Vedic divnity Yama, is] in fact, the god of death and the iudqe of the dead 112).-Theminister rvho loofi,s ifter the royal treasury and who watches over the wouien of tlre court is called angi:i:n, ukf,d-udryh "mandarin of the royal', enclosure" (13). nn is really the fortified enclosure within q'hich the roval court resides ( a sort of "Yatican City'Twith its own admiiristration, autonomousstatus etc.) The ..palace" erected to the glory of a deity or- of a deified monarch is the ôrrs or i$s Qimdn er ufmn-n) Sl