1. INTRODUCTION With the advanced computer technology and the

able for the development of reliable communication systems. Traditional ... Different approaches for embedded testing have been proposed in the published .... transition of A; (2) Construct a reachability graph of C xA where each edge of C xA ...
232KB taille 5 téléchargements 994 vues
     !#"%$ "'&)(*+ ,- .) /  0 /211/21  /3  $4( 5 6, "'7&98,":;$ 3 ! 6$ 3/ )@?BADCEAGFHAHIJILKNMPORQSAGFTKJUWVYXPX[ZSC]\_^`KLacb`KLAH?ed@KJ?fUfXg^`h ?fXPij\kblMPORmRAnb`KL\BApo AGqrJUfKNM MtsvuPwvxzy{xz|gxk}~jxzy€`u‚~jƒ…„‡†ˆwŠ‰‚†‹ƒ †ŒŽ€j|gu‘y’ŒŽ~jxzy€`u‘w “]” |P†Š•—–g~ ” ƒ˜†ˆw ™—€j| ” yz† ” ™Bš “œ›œœ›j›žŸ ”ˆ¡ •_†„œ†Ž¢ £H¤—¥ˆ¦c§ ¨G¦ª©ˆ¦‹« ¬ ­g¨‘® ¯{¬ °±L¬ ¦‹¥²§ ³g¬ ¥ª´ µˆ¯’¶v¥vµŽ·ˆ®ª±¸­‘¹ˆ¦Ž±L¬ ®ˆ¦²§ ºg¦‹¬ ´²¬ »k¼‚¬ ¥Ž±½’µ© ¯ ¾Ž§ ¿’¯ ZtÀ9†‹ƒ{ƒPÁ—~œÂ€ ” ~`xJ€ ” yz†ˆwÃTÁT|GŒª†ˆuPx‰‘†Œv–gu‘€œƒ €Äjyz†ˆw Å`œÇÆ €j|guPxJ~jy{utÈ Ÿ †ˆuP|P† Æ | ”v” ~ ¡É yƒ{ƒ à }Ê g˲“gËˆÌ ÃÍ Î‡È « µŽµv¼H¯˜µŽ°zµª¦v¯Ï·ˆ®²§ Ћµˆ« ½z« ¦ Ðv°§ ·ŽÑ²Ò ÓlÔ_Õ Ö ×²Ø‚ÙœÖ 6Ú Û‘ÜÞÝ ßnàjßHáˆâ ßPâªá ÝŽá ãgäªÝTà6ã‘á‹åpà`æÞçjèjâªÜ˜äªÛ‚éê`ë9ÜÏäŽìLè`âŽìîíjï‚éEßkê‹ðèjâ á éŠñHá ò‚ò‘á ò9äªá ÝäªÜÏã‚ç è`ðTó èjéEßHèœã‚á‹ãGäªÝBèjð ó èœéEéôï‚ã‘ÜÞó à`äªÜÏèœãEݍõPݍäªá éEÝBäªÛnà`äócàjãtñHáYéEèGò‘á æÏácòEñgõEó èjé]ì éôï‚ã‚ÜÏócà²äªÜÏã‚çÇá‹öGäªá ãnòPácòŠ÷nã‘ÜÏäªá9ݍävà`äªáélà`óˆÛ‘ÜÏã‚á Ý ø_ùLä ó èjã‚ݍäŽâªï‚óˆäªÝäªá Ýä ݎácúgï‘á ã‚ó á‹Ý á‹û]ó ÜÏá ãgäªæÏõåNܘäªÛüàtۑÜÏçœÛSðzàjï‘æ˜äó è²ý‡á‹âvà`çœáœøÇù¸äò‘ègá Ý;ã‚èjäÛnàcý‡áÇݍävà`äªá]ݎ߂àjó áôá‹öGì ߑæÞèjݎÜÏèœãkêàjÝtÜÏÝþèjð{äªá ãWá ã‘ó èœï‘ãGäªáˆâªácòeÜÏãeá‹öPÛnà`ï‚ݍäªÜÏý‡áSݎácà`âªóvÛkê9à`ãnòeܘäúgï‘ÜÞóvÿGæ˜õ ó è²ý‡áˆâªÝ;äªÛ‚áôݍõ‘ݍäªá‹é ó èjéEßHèœã‚á‹ãGäªÝYï‚ã‚ò‘á‹â9äªá ÝäåNܘäªÛ‚èjï‘äñHá‹ÜÞã‘ç LäŽâvàjߑßHácò Pê à`Ý ÜÏÝlá‹öPßHá‹âªÜÏá ã‚ó‹ácòDñgõ âvàjã‚ò‘èœéå àjæÏÿGÝ ø ‚ï‘âŽäªÛ‘á‹âªéEèjâªájê6ܘälÜÏÝ@àüçœá ã‘á‹âvàjæÏÜ cà`äªÜÏèjã à`ãnòï‚ã‘ÜÏ÷‚ócà`äªÜÏèjãüè`ðñHè`äªÛ[áˆö‘Û‚àjï‘ݍäªÜÞýœáôݎácà²âªóˆÛ[à`ãnòâvàjã‚ò‘èœé å à`æÞÿG Ý kñHèjäªÛ[à`âªá ݎßHá ó‹Ü{à`æócàjݎá Ýþèjðôë;ܘäŽìLèjâŽì¸íœï‚éEߗø Ú6ۂá à`æÏçœèjâªÜ˜äªÛ‘é!Ûnà`ÝþñHá á‹ã#ÜÏéEߑæÞá‹éEá ãgäªácò à`ãnòà`߂߂æÏÜÏácòþäªè]á‹éŠñHácò‘ò‘ácòläªá ÝäªÜÏã‚çEèjð_äªá‹æÞá‹ß‚Û‚èjã‚áݎá‹âªýGÜÏó á ÝYÜÏãSàjãù¸ãgäªá æÏæÞÜÏçjá ãgä ÿ zù  à²âªóˆÛ‘ÜÏäªá‹ó‹äªï‘âªáœêYÜÏã‚ó‹æÞï‚ò‘ÜÏã‚çüäªÛ‚á 6à`ݎÜÞó 6àjæÏæ Gá‹âªýGÜÏó á[àjãnò÷ný‡á á‹äîåèj⪠ݎï‘ß‚ß‚æÏá éEá‹ãGävà²âŽõlݎá‹âªýGÜÏó á Ý ø  × T"Õ !ó èjã‘ð’èjâªélàjã‘ó á;äªá ÝäªÜÏã‘ç‘ê‘á éŠñHácò‘ò‘ácò]äªá ÝäªÜÏã‘ç‘ê‘ó èœéEéôï‚ã‚ÜÏócà²äªÜÏã‚çá‹öGäªá ãnòPácò]÷nã‘ÜÏäªá ݍävà²äªáÇélà`óˆÛ‘ÜÏã‚á Ý êPù ø #$

'% &)(+*-,/.10324(+%5,6& 798;:=< :=A@CB?DE@CF5GH>IBJGHKMLONQP?:R>TSU:R>IG I@C[=8ZF?W\B?>IL]@CF5B ^ S=KML_:=`P5[R>TS [ ^ KCSA[RKCNQIB4[=>TS=Db8aGH>I[TcGHKML]LdPQF58ZGT@E:=8;KMFeN5S=KC:RKfGHKMVg[=Xb[ h i

j R: >IL][@ES=>lkm>IGHKMLn8ZF?WLOKCS=>oGHKML]NQV;>HpOXC>T:V;>I[=[S=>IVZ8Z@EkQVZ>CqsrtKMF ^ KCS L]@CFQGH>o:R>I[R:=8ZF?W?c u I[oGHKCS=S=>IGH:N5S=KC:RKfGHKMVx8ZLONyV;>ILO>IF':=@E:=8;KMF5[Tc5IGHKML]>d8ZF5BQ8Z[RNz>IF5[ h @EkQV;> ^ KCS:={B?>TDC>IVZKCNQLO>IF':K ^ S=>IVZ8a@EkQV;>gGHKMLnLdP5FQ8ZGT@E:=8;KMFO[RXf[R:R>IL][Tqs|}S @CB58;:=8;KMFQ@CV :R>I[R:=8ZF?WYL]>T:=I[R>[=Xb[R:R>ILn[~@C[@ u I8;S GHKMLONzKMF?>IF:=[8ZFw8Z[RKMVa@E:=8;KMFq|}>I[R:=8ZF?WO:=I[=>~[RXf[R:R>IL][o@C[@ u I8ZS ^ KCSvL]8ZB5@EkQVZ>][=8;‚T>Cq„ƒUF+:=nKC:=TSI[=:=8ZF?WY[RXf[R:R>IL GHKMLONzKMF?>IF:=[€8aF8Z[=KMVZ@E:=8;KMF L]@IX F?KC:Ukm>A@CV u @IXf[ ^ >I@C[ 8;kQV;>B5P?>:RK\:=A8aF:R>TS @CG"h :=8;KMF5[A@CLOKMF?W…:=w[RXf[R:R>IL†GHKMLONzKMF?>IF':=[Tqˆ‡Ldkm>IBQB?>IB4:R>I[=:=8ZF?WJKCSO:R>I[R:=8ZF?W+8aF GHKMF:R>Hpf:IGHKMLO>dKMF5>dK ^ :=ALn@C8ZF ^ KbGTPQ[R>I[‰K ^ GHKMF ^ KCS L]@CF5GH>A:R>I[R:=8ZF5WS=>Hh [R>I@ES G < 8ZF`S=>IGH>IF':‰XC>I@ES [TqŠ|oWCKM@CVxK ^ >IL~kz>IB5B?>IB„:R>I[R:=8ZF?Wn8a[{:RKn:R>I[R: u T:=TS @CFY8ZLONyV;>ILO>IF':=@E:=8;KMF`K ^ @][RXf[R:R>IL‹GHKML]NmKMF5>IF:lGHKMF ^ KCS Ln[o:RK8Z:=[o[RNz>IGT8  GT@E:=8;KMF 8ZFˆ:=wGHKMF:R>Hpf:]K ^ KC:=TS]GHKMLONzKMF?>IF:=[Iq4Œ:A8a[dWC>IF5>TS @CVZV;X4@C[ [=P5LO>IBˆ:=TSd:R>I[R:TŽ:= @CGTGH>I[=[€8Z[KCk5:=@C8ZF?>IB:=TSUGHKMLONzKMF?>IF':=[K ^ :=[=Xb[R:R>IL„q‰‰GTGHKCS B58ZF5W :RK]:=~[R:=@CFQB5@ES B‘C8 ^ GHKMF':RS=KMVx@CF5B`KCky[R>TS=DE@E:=8;KMFY@ES=>@ENQNQVZ8;>IB`:=KCS LOKCS=>w8ZLONQVZ>ILO>IF:=@E:=8ZKMF5[ u „:=`N5S=KC:RKfGHKMVŠ:RK…kz>\:R>I[=:R>IBc:= :R>I[R:=8ZF?W]LO>T:=~GT@CVZV;>IB`>ILdkz>IB5B?>IB5‘„’”“•–q —‰8;˜m>TS=>IF':{@EN5N5S=KM@CGvI[ ^ KCSt>ILdkz>IB5B?>IB:R>I[R:=8ZF?WO€kz>T>IFNQS=KCNzKM[R>IB8aFn:= NQP?kQVZ8a[=IB„VZ8Z:R>TS @E:=P?S=>Cq|oTXY@ES=>Oky@C[R>IBJKMF ^ @CPQV;:‰L]KbB?>IVa[A’š™I›•–c}KMFJS=>IB5P5GT8aF?W :=JN5S=KCkQV;>ILœ:RK6:R>I[R:=8aF?W6K ^ GHKMLONzKMF?>IF':=[„8ZF98Z[=KMVZ@E:=8;KMF’š™Iž•–cUKMF1:R>I[R:„[=P58Z:R> L]8ZF58ZLn8;‚I@E:=8;KMF’š™C™Ecy™IŸbc5™I bcQ™"•–cMKMF ^ @CP5V;:GHKDC>TS @EWC>A’š™I“•–cKMFA:={:R>I[=:K ^ [RXf[R:R>IL][ u 8;:=IL]8ZGHKMF':RS=KMVZVa@EkQV;>U@CF5B`P5F5GHKMF':RS=KMVZVZ@EkQVZ>‰8ZF':R>TS ^ @CGH>I[~’”›•–c?KCSoKMFfh–:=Hh¢¡QX ’”ž•–q £YKM[R:wK ^ :=I[R>+@ENQN5S=KM@CG I[wS=>I[RKCS=:w:RK6S >I@CG IB`8ZF\@AGHKMLONQV;>Hp`GHKML]LP5F58ZGT@E:=8;KMF`[RXf[R:R>ILwq|lUN5S=>Hh¤[RNz>IGT8  >IBNQ@ES=:=[ @ES=>…B?>T:R>TS L]8ZF5>IB¦kbX¦N5Sv@CGH:=8ZGT@CVUF?>T>IB5[\KCSwk'X¥[RXb[=:R>ILªGH>TS=:=8  GT@E:=8;KMF-S=>I«bP58;S >Hh LO>IF:=[Iqs¬5KCSg8ZF5[=:=@CF5GH>Cc ^ KCS@UWM8;DC>IF][RXf[R:R>IL­GHKML]NmKMF5>IF:Tc u >oL]@X u @CF'::RK€:R>I[R: @CVZV:=]:RSv@CF5[=8;:=8;KMFQ[UKCSdGH>TS=:=@C8ZF4kzKMP5F5B5@ES=XD®@CVaP?>I[K ^ [RXf[R:R>IL¯DE@ES 8Z@EkyV;>I[Tq]7…> GT@CF  S [=:oGHKMF5[R:RS P5GH:@]S=>I@CGvIF':=[8ZF'DCKMV;DC>IBc@CFQBd:=IFOB?>TS 8;DC>{@U:R>I[R::=TS [ @CVZVx:=dN5S >Hh¤[RNz>IGT8  >IB„Ny@ES=:=[‰K ^ :=AGHKMLONzKMF?>IF:UP5F5B5>TS:R>I[R:Tq€°‰F ^ KCS=:=P5F5@E:R>IV;XCc :=Hp? [=>I@ES G IG :=F5>Hpb:A[R:R>TNˆK ^ :R>I[R:@E:S @CF5B5KMLwqY|oIBw@DCKM8ZB5[{:=[R:=@E:R>~[RNQ@CGH>~>HpbNQVZKM[=8;KMF`kQP?:{8;:{L]@X`S=>TNz>I@E:R>IB5V;X :R>I[R:GHKDC>TS=>IBnNQ@ES=:=[@CF5BA:=@E¨C>@‰VZKMF?WU:=8ZLO>Š:RKLOKDC>lKMFA:RK€:=oP5F':R>I[R:R>IBANQ@ES=:=[Tq 7…>…N5S=KCNzKM[R>J@ˆF5> u :R>IG GTP?S S=>IF:t[R:=@E:R>€8ZF]@F?>I8;WM