Pflanzenphysiologie (Teil 1, ESBS, 12 Stunden) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Bedeutung und Besonderheiten der grünen Pflanzen Pflanzenzelle: Evolution, Struktur und Funktion Pflanzenzelle: Zellwand, Plasmodesmen, Zellteilung Pflanzengestalt: Zelltypen, Gewebe, Organe Sekundäre Zellwand, Lignin, Xylem, Phloem, Leitbündel Sek. Dickenwachstum, Wasser-, Stofftransport, Baumphysiologie Wurzel: Struktur und Funktion Wurzelsymbiosen: Nährstoffaufnahme, Mykorrhiza Sekundäre Pflanzenstoffe: Flavonoide, Blütenfarbstoffe Sekundäre Pflanzenstoffe: Alkaloide, Chemoökologie, Drogen Fortpflanzung, Samen- und Fruchtbildung Seminal physiology and seeds technology
PD Dr. Gerhard Leubner Website “The Plant Biology Place” http://www.plantbiology.de Login-Name: biotech Login-Passwort: saatgut © 2005 PD Dr. Gerhard Leubner - http://www.plantbiology.de
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Seminal development Dormancy induction AfterRipening, Postmaturation Tabak (Nicotiana tabacum) DormancyLife cycle of a model plant abollition to the investigation of the seminal germination storage Seminal germination
© 2005 PD Dr. Gerhard Leubner - http://www.plantbiology.de
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(1) Seminal germination and Seeds dormancy
Cotyledons
Non-micropylar endosperm Endosperm Micropylar endosperm
Embryo Testa (seed coat)
Radicle
Not dormant seed: Germination with to favorable conditions Swelling Embryoelongation Germ root breaks through Seminal covers Dormant seeds: No germination with to favorable conditions Dormancys intrinsic Germination blockade Embryo-Dormancy • seed wrapper
Tobacco seeds (Nicotiana tabacum) © 2005 PD Dr. Gerhard Leubner - http://www.plantbiology.de
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(1) Seminal germination and Seed dormancy 2-step-seminal germination process with tobacco: 1. Testa- Rupture> 2. Endosperm- Rupture Cotyledons
Non-micropylar endosperm Endosperm Micropylar endosperm
Embryo Testa (seed coat)
Radicle
Tobacco seeds (Nicotiana tabacum) © 2005 PD Dr. Gerhard Leubner http://www.plantbiology.de
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(1) Seminal germination and seed dormancy 2-step-seminal germination process with tobacco: 1. Testa- Rupture> 2. Endosperm-Rupture Plant hormone ABA restrains germination ABA restrains Endosperm-Rupture, but not the Testa- Rupture ABA restrains phase III of the water admission by swelling
ABA hemmt
Dormant seed Non-dormant seed ßGlu I = Klasse I ß-1,3-Glucanase © 2005 PD Dr. Gerhard Leubner - http://www.plantbiology.de
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(1) Seeds germination and seed dormancy
Water admission by swelling is 3phase! V12 7
(1) Seeds germination and seeds dormancy 2-step-seminal germination process with tobacco: 1. Testa-Ruptur > 2. Endosperm-Ruptur
Review: Leubner-Metzger, Seed Science Research 13: 17-34 (2003) © 2005 PD Dr. Gerhard Leubner - http://www.plantbiology.de
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(2) Key factors of the seeds quality Seeds quality or seminal quality is the capacity for the synchronous, quick germination and for producing strong, resistant germ buds. It is a complicated quality which is determined by interactions between multiple genetic factors and environmental conditions. Seeds of ornamental plants and useful plants often complicated structured, different seminal covers (Testa, Endosperm, Perikarp). Plant hormones and environmental conditions adjust Seminal germination and-dormanz from ornamental plants and useful plants. Plant hormones deliver molecular markers, control important qualities and seeds technology processes: Priming, storage, Synchronität Keimlingswachstum... Biotechnological projects with seeds companies: Benary Samenzucht GmbH, Hann. Münden - Zierpflanzen KWS Saat AG, Einbeck - sugar beet seeds ZAB = center for applied biosciences http://www.zab.uni-freiburg.de
© 2005 PD Dr. Gerhard Leubner - http://www.plantbiology.de
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Ernst Benary Samenzucht GmbH Hann. Münden
(2) Key faktor of Seeds quality
Sonnenblumen, Begonien, Primeln, Violen, usw.
Ornamental plants Seeds ornamental plants since 1843 A Benary speciality are nodules
and
Founder's family in leadership responsibility Seeds quality: high germ rates and immediately automated moderate germination for young plant. Different forms of the seeds refining: Coating, Pilliring, Priming, etc. F&E seeds quality ornamental plants "gBenary Open" h: Exhibits... © 2005 PD Dr. Gerhard Leubner http://www.plantbiology.de
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(2) Key factors of the seeds quality useful plant seeds (food) KWS Saat AG Einbeck Rape, sunflowers, Maize, sugar beets, etc. For over 1864 plant breeding Founder's families today in leadership responsibility and as stockholders KWS invests 15% of the turnover in F&E Gene and biotechnological Research in Einbeck, PLANTA GmbH Open land attempts with genetic-technically ver© 2005 PD Dr. Gerhard Leubner http://www.plantbiology.de
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(3) Modern seeds technologies: Purpose is high seeds and Keimlingsqualität seed enhancements", "seed treatments
breeding Cleanness Pathogenic resistance "Vigor" (driving force) Sowing qualities storage
Mechanical seeds : Assortment, rubbed off seeds seed coating seed pelleting
ability germination synchrone
seed priming", pre-germination
production process
Artificial seeds V12
quality test © 2005 PD Dr. Gerhard Leubner - http://www.plantbiology.de
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(3) Modern seeds technologies: seed coating
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(3) Modern seeds technologies: seed pelleting"
© 2005 PD Dr. Gerhard Leubner - http://www.plantbiology.de
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(3) Modern seeds technologies: seed priming Seed Priming:
Kritischer Punkt
Seeds allow to stream to shortly before the germ root infraction, then back dry. Seminal swelling often in Osmotika with 4 °C 1. Osmopriming 2. Hydropriming 3. Matrixpriming
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(3) Modern seeds technologies: seed priming Seed Priming: + high Vigor (quick germination) + high Synchronise (steady germination) - low storage ability (less than 3 months, cooling)
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(3) Modern seeds technologies: Seeds pretreatment - "pre germination" Seed Pre germination: Pregermination with Germ root breakthrough Seminal assortment re-induction of her Dehydration tolerance Back drying Example SYNGENTA with pumpkin seed
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(3) Modern seeds technologies: : Artificial seeds
Artificial seed, synthetic seeds, artificial seeds: Somatic embryos from infertile culture Encase with Agar or Alginat Orchids, asparagi, etc. V12 • Hybrid-Tomate, samenlose Wassermelone 20
(4) Seed cultivation and production high quality - example sugar beet
KWS Saat AG Einbeck Example: Sugar beet seeds
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Beta vulgaris (Chenopodiaceae)
Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1883-1914) © 1995-2002 Missouri Botanical Garden http://ridgwaydb.mobot.org/ mobot/rarebooks/
© 2005 PD Dr. Gerhard Leubner http://www.plantbiology.de
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(4) Seed cultivation and production high quality - example sugar beet
© 2005 PD Dr. Gerhard Leubner http://www.plantbiology.de
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(4) Seed cultivation and production high quality - example sugar beet
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