LISP – A New Routing Architecture 29 August 2011

  LISP Overview   LISP Use Cases   LISP Deployments   LISP Developments   LISP Summary   LISP References

IP addressing overloads location and identity – leading to Internet scaling issues   Why current IP semantics cause scaling issues? −  Overloaded IP address semantic makes efficient routing impossible −  Today, “addressing follows topology,” which limits route aggregation compactness −  IPv6 does not fix this

  Why are route scaling issues bad? −  Routers require expensive memory to hold Internet Routing Table in forwarding plane −  It’s expensive for network builders/operators −  Replacing equipment for the wrong reason (to hold the routing table); replacement should be to implement new features

“… routing scalability is the most important problem facing the Internet today and must be solved … ” Internet Architecture Board (IAB) October 2006 Workshop (written as RFC 4984)

LISP Overview – 3

DFZ

Today’s Internet Behavior Locator/ID “overload”

Internet

Map System

LISP Mapping System

In this model, everything goes in the “Default Free Zone” (DFZ)

DFZ

LISP Behavior Locator/ID “split” Internet

In this model, only RLOCs go in the DFZ; EIDs go in the LISP Mapping System!

LISP Overview – 4

LISP  creates  a  Level  of  indirec-on  with  two  namespaces:  EID  and  RLOC        EID                  RLOC  

  EID  (Endpoint  Iden-fier)  is  the  IP   address  of  a  host  –  just  as  it  is  today     RLOC  (Rou-ng  Locator)  is  the  IP   address  of  the  LISP  router  for  the  host  

MS/MR  

EID  Space  

a.a.a.0/24 b.b.b.0/24 c.c.c.0/24 d.d.0.0/16

w.x.y.1 x.y.w.2 z.q.r.5 z.q.r.5

     EID                  RLOC   a.a.a.0/24 b.b.b.0/24 c.c.c.0/24 d.d.0.0/16

w.x.y.1 x.y.w.2 z.q.r.5 z.q.r.5

     EID                  RLOC  

Non-­‐LISP  

  EID-­‐to-­‐RLOC  mapping  is  the   distributed  architecture  that  maps   EIDs  to  RLOCs  

a.a.a.0/24 b.b.b.0/24 c.c.c.0/24 d.d.0.0/16

xTR  

EID-­‐to-­‐ RLOC   mapping  

Prefix      Next-­‐hop   w.x.y.1 x.y.w.2 z.q.r.5 z.q.r.5

w.x.y.1 x.y.w.2 z.q.r.5 z.q.r.5

e.f.g.h e.f.g.h e.f.g.h e.f.g.h

PxTR  

RLOC  Space   xTR  

xTR  

EID  Space  

  Network-­‐based  solu?on     Incrementally  deployable     No  host  changes  

  Support  for  mobility  

  Minimal  configura?on  

  Address  Family  agnos?c   LISP Overview – 5

IP encapsulation scheme   Decouples host IDENTITY and LOCATION   Dynamic IDENTITY-to-LOCATION mapping resolution

v4  EID

v4  RLOC

v4  EID

  Address Family agnostic day-one

v4  EID

v6  RLOC

v4  EID

v6  EID

v4  RLOC

v6  EID

v6  EID

v6  RLOC

v6  EID

Minimal Deployment Impact   No changes to end systems or core   Minimal changes to edge devices

Incrementally deployable   LISP/LISP and non-LISP/LISP considered day-one

LISP Overview – 6

LISP Map Lookup is analogous to a DNS lookup   DNS resolves IP addresses for URLs [ who is lisp.cisco.com] ?

host

DNS Server

DNS URL Resolution

[153.16.5.29, 2610:D0:110C:1::3 ]

  LISP resolves locators for queried identities [ where is 2610:D0:110C:1::3] ?

LISP router

[ location is 128.107.81.169 ]

LISP Mapping System

LISP Identity-to-location Map Resolution

LISP Overview – 7

draft-ietf-lisp-15

LISP Header Format (IPv4/IPv4 shown)

IPv4 Outer Header: Router supplies RLOCs UDP: LISP Header: IPv4 Inner Header: Host supplies EIDs

LISP Overview – 8

LISP Forwarding

LISP

S x.y.z.1

LISP router

LISP

a.b.c.1

r.s.t.7

Internet

LISP router

D e.f.g.9

LISP Overview – 9

1.  Efficient Multi-Homing 2.  IPv6 Transition Support 3.  Data Center/VM Mobility 4.  Efficient Virtualization/Multi-Tenancy 5.  LISP Mobile-Node

LISP Use Cases – 10

Needs:   Site connectivity to multiple providers   Low OpEx/CapEx

LISP Solution:   LISP provides a streamlined solution for handling multi-provider connectivity and policy without BGP complexity

Benefits:   OpEx-friendly multi-homing across different providers

Internet LISP Site

LISP routers

Applicability:   Branch sites where multihoming is typically too expensive   Useful in all other LISP Use Cases

  Simple Policy Management   Ingress Traffic Engineering   Egress Traffic Engineering

LISP Use Cases – 11

Needs:   Rapid IPv6 Deployment   Minimal Infrastructure disruption

Connecting IPv6 Islands

IPv4 Enterprise Core v6 island

IPv6 interconnected over IPv4 core IPv4 interconnected over IPv6 core

  Minimal added configurations

xTR

IPv4 Enterprise Core

v4 v6

PxTR

v6 service

v6

v4 v6

IPv4 Core

IPv6 Internet

IPv4 Internet

xTR

v6

IPv6 Access Support v4 v6

v6

  No core network changes   Can be used as a transitional or permanent solution

xTR

v6 island

IPv6 Services Support

Benefits:   Accelerated IPv6 adoption

IPv4 Internet

v6

LISP Solution:   LISP encapsulation is Address Family agnostic

v6

v6 site

IPv6 Internet

xTR

v6 home Network

xTR

v6 home Network

PxTR

PxTR

IPv4 access & Internet

v6

. .

PxTR xTR

v6 home Network

LISP Use Cases – 12

World IPv6 Day Sites using LISP

Applicability:   Low CapEx, Quick, IPv6 Web Presence   Useful in all other LISP Use Cases (Multi-homing, VM-mobility, Virtualization…)

Cisco lisp.cisco.com (AAAA: 2610:d0:110c:1::3, ::4)

Facebook www.lisp6.facebook.com (AAAA: 2610:D0:FACE::9)

Qualcomm www.ipv6.eudora.com (AAAA: 2610:d0:120d::10) jobs.qualcomm.com (no longer AAAA)

Deutsche Bank www.ipv6-db.com (AAAA: 2610:d0:2113:3::3)

Munich Airport lisp.munich-airport.de (no longer AAAA)

Isarnet lisp.isarnet.net (AAAA: 2610:d0:211f:fffe::101)

InTouch www.lisp.intouch.eu (AAAA: 2610:d0:210f:100::101)

World IPv6 Day Sites Statistics (and current) http://honeysuckle.noc.ucla.edu/cgi-bin/smokeping.cgi?target=LISP

Facebook IPv6 Experience with LISP http://nanog.org/meetings/nanog50/presentations/Tuesday/ NANOG50.Talk9.lee_nanog50_atlanta_oct2010_007_publish.pdf

LISP Use Cases – 13

Legacy Site

Needs:   Integrated Segmentation

Legacy Site

LISP Site

PxTR

  Minimal Infrastructure disruption   Global scale and interoperability

Legacy Site

IP  Network

Mapping DB

LISP Solution:   24-bit LISP instance-ID segments control plane and data plane mappings   VRF mappings to instance-id

Benefits:   Very high scale tenant segmentation   Global mobility + high scale segmentation integrated in single IP solution

West DC

East DC

Applicability:   Multi-provider Core   Encryption can be added

  IP based solution, transport independent   No Inter-AS complexity   Overlay solution transparent to the core

LISP Use Cases – 14

Needs:   VM-Mobility across subnets   Move detection, dynamic EID-toRLOC mappings, traffic redirection

Data Center 1 LISP routers

LISP Solution:   LISP for VM-moves across subnets

Benefits:   Integrated Mobility   Direct Path (no triangulation)

LISP routers

VM move VM

a.b.c.1

  OTV + LISP to extend subnets

Data Center 2

Internet

VM

a.b.c.1

Applicability:   VM OS agnostic   Services Creation (disaster recovery, cloud burst, etc.)

  Connections maintained across moves   No routing re-convergence   No DNS updates required   Global Scalability (cloud bursting)   IPv4/IPv6 Support   ARP elimination LISP Use Cases – 15

Needs:   Mobile devices roaming across any access media without connection reset   Mobile device keeps the same IP address forever

LISP Solution:   LISP level or indirection separates endpoints and locators   Network-based; no host changes, minimal network changes   Scalable, host-level registration (1010)

Benefits:   MNs can roam and stay connected

Any 3G/4G Network

Dynamic     RLOC  

Any WiFi Network

Dynamic     RLOC  

dino.cisco.com   Sta?c  EID:  2610:00d0:xxxx::1/128    

Applicability:   IPv4 and IPv6   Android and Linux   Open

  MNs can be servers   MNs roam without DNS changes   MNs can use multiple interfaces   Packets have “stretch-1” reducing latency LISP Use Cases – 16

Cisco-­‐operated     ~  4  years  opera?onal     >  140+  sites,  25  countries    

Nine  implementa?ons   Deployed  today…            

Cisco:  IOS,  IOS-­‐XE,  NX-­‐OS   FreeBSD:  OpenLISP   Linux/OpenWrt   Android  (Gingerbread)   Two  other  router  vendor   http://lisp.cisco.com

http://www.lisp.intouch.eu/

http://www.lisp6.facebook.com

http:/lisp.isarnet.net/

and  more…  

LISP Deployments – 17

LISP IETF Standardization

IETF LISP WG: http://tools.ietf.org/wg/lisp/

  IETF LISP Working Group progressing standards −  now in “last call”

LISP Implementations at Cisco

LISP Code: http://lisp.cisco.com

  IOS since Dec ‘09… ISR, ISRG2, 7200   IOS-XE since Mar ‘10…. ASR1K   NX-OS since Dec 09… N7K, UCS C200   Coming… Cat6K, IOS XR for CRS-3, ASR9K, and others…

Other LISP Implementations   FreeBSD/OpenLISP (several open source implementations)   OpenWrt (Cisco posting shortly…)   Android for LISP-MN (Cisco posting shortly…)   Furukawa Network Solution Corporation   More vendors coming… LISP Developments – 18

Enables IP Number Portability   With session survivability   Never change host IP addresses No renumbering costs   No DNS “name -> EID” binding change

Uses pull vs. push routing   OSPF and BGP are push models; routing stored in the forwarding plane   LISP is a pull model; Analogous to DNS; massively scalable

An over-the-top technology   Address Family agnostic   Incrementally deployable   No changes in end systems

Creates a Level of Indirection   Separates End-Host and Site addresses

Deployment simplicity   No host changes   Minimal CPE changes   Some new core infrastructure components

Enables other interesting features   Simplified multi-homing with Ingress traffic engineering – without the need for BGP   End-host mobility without renumbering   Address Family agnostic support

An Open Standard   No Cisco Intellectual Property Rights

LISP Summary – 19

LISP Information •  IETF LISP WG

http://tools.ietf.org/wg/lisp/

•  LISP Beta Network •  Cisco LISP Site

http://www.lisp4.net

http://www.lisp6.net

http://lisp.cisco.com

•  Cisco LISP Marketing (EXTERNAL)

http://www.cisco.com/go/lisp

Mailing Lists •  IETF LISP WG [email protected] •  LISP Interest

[email protected]

•  Cisco LISP Questions

[email protected]

LISP References – 20