LISP – A New Routing Architecture 29 August 2011
LISP Overview LISP Use Cases LISP Deployments LISP Developments LISP Summary LISP References
IP addressing overloads location and identity – leading to Internet scaling issues Why current IP semantics cause scaling issues? − Overloaded IP address semantic makes efficient routing impossible − Today, “addressing follows topology,” which limits route aggregation compactness − IPv6 does not fix this
Why are route scaling issues bad? − Routers require expensive memory to hold Internet Routing Table in forwarding plane − It’s expensive for network builders/operators − Replacing equipment for the wrong reason (to hold the routing table); replacement should be to implement new features
“… routing scalability is the most important problem facing the Internet today and must be solved … ” Internet Architecture Board (IAB) October 2006 Workshop (written as RFC 4984)
LISP Overview – 3
DFZ
Today’s Internet Behavior Locator/ID “overload”
Internet
Map System
LISP Mapping System
In this model, everything goes in the “Default Free Zone” (DFZ)
DFZ
LISP Behavior Locator/ID “split” Internet
In this model, only RLOCs go in the DFZ; EIDs go in the LISP Mapping System!
LISP Overview – 4
LISP creates a Level of indirec-on with two namespaces: EID and RLOC EID RLOC
EID (Endpoint Iden-fier) is the IP address of a host – just as it is today RLOC (Rou-ng Locator) is the IP address of the LISP router for the host
MS/MR
EID Space
a.a.a.0/24 b.b.b.0/24 c.c.c.0/24 d.d.0.0/16
w.x.y.1 x.y.w.2 z.q.r.5 z.q.r.5
EID RLOC a.a.a.0/24 b.b.b.0/24 c.c.c.0/24 d.d.0.0/16
w.x.y.1 x.y.w.2 z.q.r.5 z.q.r.5
EID RLOC
Non-‐LISP
EID-‐to-‐RLOC mapping is the distributed architecture that maps EIDs to RLOCs
a.a.a.0/24 b.b.b.0/24 c.c.c.0/24 d.d.0.0/16
xTR
EID-‐to-‐ RLOC mapping
Prefix Next-‐hop w.x.y.1 x.y.w.2 z.q.r.5 z.q.r.5
w.x.y.1 x.y.w.2 z.q.r.5 z.q.r.5
e.f.g.h e.f.g.h e.f.g.h e.f.g.h
PxTR
RLOC Space xTR
xTR
EID Space
Network-‐based solu?on Incrementally deployable No host changes
Support for mobility
Minimal configura?on
Address Family agnos?c LISP Overview – 5
IP encapsulation scheme Decouples host IDENTITY and LOCATION Dynamic IDENTITY-to-LOCATION mapping resolution
v4 EID
v4 RLOC
v4 EID
Address Family agnostic day-one
v4 EID
v6 RLOC
v4 EID
v6 EID
v4 RLOC
v6 EID
v6 EID
v6 RLOC
v6 EID
Minimal Deployment Impact No changes to end systems or core Minimal changes to edge devices
Incrementally deployable LISP/LISP and non-LISP/LISP considered day-one
LISP Overview – 6
LISP Map Lookup is analogous to a DNS lookup DNS resolves IP addresses for URLs [ who is lisp.cisco.com] ?
host
DNS Server
DNS URL Resolution
[153.16.5.29, 2610:D0:110C:1::3 ]
LISP resolves locators for queried identities [ where is 2610:D0:110C:1::3] ?
LISP router
[ location is 128.107.81.169 ]
LISP Mapping System
LISP Identity-to-location Map Resolution
LISP Overview – 7
draft-ietf-lisp-15
LISP Header Format (IPv4/IPv4 shown)
IPv4 Outer Header: Router supplies RLOCs UDP: LISP Header: IPv4 Inner Header: Host supplies EIDs
LISP Overview – 8
LISP Forwarding
LISP
S x.y.z.1
LISP router
LISP
a.b.c.1
r.s.t.7
Internet
LISP router
D e.f.g.9
LISP Overview – 9
1. Efficient Multi-Homing 2. IPv6 Transition Support 3. Data Center/VM Mobility 4. Efficient Virtualization/Multi-Tenancy 5. LISP Mobile-Node
LISP Use Cases – 10
Needs: Site connectivity to multiple providers Low OpEx/CapEx
LISP Solution: LISP provides a streamlined solution for handling multi-provider connectivity and policy without BGP complexity
Benefits: OpEx-friendly multi-homing across different providers
Internet LISP Site
LISP routers
Applicability: Branch sites where multihoming is typically too expensive Useful in all other LISP Use Cases
Simple Policy Management Ingress Traffic Engineering Egress Traffic Engineering
LISP Use Cases – 11
Needs: Rapid IPv6 Deployment Minimal Infrastructure disruption
Connecting IPv6 Islands
IPv4 Enterprise Core v6 island
IPv6 interconnected over IPv4 core IPv4 interconnected over IPv6 core
Minimal added configurations
xTR
IPv4 Enterprise Core
v4 v6
PxTR
v6 service
v6
v4 v6
IPv4 Core
IPv6 Internet
IPv4 Internet
xTR
v6
IPv6 Access Support v4 v6
v6
No core network changes Can be used as a transitional or permanent solution
xTR
v6 island
IPv6 Services Support
Benefits: Accelerated IPv6 adoption
IPv4 Internet
v6
LISP Solution: LISP encapsulation is Address Family agnostic
v6
v6 site
IPv6 Internet
xTR
v6 home Network
xTR
v6 home Network
PxTR
PxTR
IPv4 access & Internet
v6
. .
PxTR xTR
v6 home Network
LISP Use Cases – 12
World IPv6 Day Sites using LISP
Applicability: Low CapEx, Quick, IPv6 Web Presence Useful in all other LISP Use Cases (Multi-homing, VM-mobility, Virtualization…)
Cisco lisp.cisco.com (AAAA: 2610:d0:110c:1::3, ::4)
Facebook www.lisp6.facebook.com (AAAA: 2610:D0:FACE::9)
Qualcomm www.ipv6.eudora.com (AAAA: 2610:d0:120d::10) jobs.qualcomm.com (no longer AAAA)
Deutsche Bank www.ipv6-db.com (AAAA: 2610:d0:2113:3::3)
Munich Airport lisp.munich-airport.de (no longer AAAA)
Isarnet lisp.isarnet.net (AAAA: 2610:d0:211f:fffe::101)
InTouch www.lisp.intouch.eu (AAAA: 2610:d0:210f:100::101)
World IPv6 Day Sites Statistics (and current) http://honeysuckle.noc.ucla.edu/cgi-bin/smokeping.cgi?target=LISP
Facebook IPv6 Experience with LISP http://nanog.org/meetings/nanog50/presentations/Tuesday/ NANOG50.Talk9.lee_nanog50_atlanta_oct2010_007_publish.pdf
LISP Use Cases – 13
Legacy Site
Needs: Integrated Segmentation
Legacy Site
LISP Site
PxTR
Minimal Infrastructure disruption Global scale and interoperability
Legacy Site
IP Network
Mapping DB
LISP Solution: 24-bit LISP instance-ID segments control plane and data plane mappings VRF mappings to instance-id
Benefits: Very high scale tenant segmentation Global mobility + high scale segmentation integrated in single IP solution
West DC
East DC
Applicability: Multi-provider Core Encryption can be added
IP based solution, transport independent No Inter-AS complexity Overlay solution transparent to the core
LISP Use Cases – 14
Needs: VM-Mobility across subnets Move detection, dynamic EID-toRLOC mappings, traffic redirection
Data Center 1 LISP routers
LISP Solution: LISP for VM-moves across subnets
Benefits: Integrated Mobility Direct Path (no triangulation)
LISP routers
VM move VM
a.b.c.1
OTV + LISP to extend subnets
Data Center 2
Internet
VM
a.b.c.1
Applicability: VM OS agnostic Services Creation (disaster recovery, cloud burst, etc.)
Connections maintained across moves No routing re-convergence No DNS updates required Global Scalability (cloud bursting) IPv4/IPv6 Support ARP elimination LISP Use Cases – 15
Needs: Mobile devices roaming across any access media without connection reset Mobile device keeps the same IP address forever
LISP Solution: LISP level or indirection separates endpoints and locators Network-based; no host changes, minimal network changes Scalable, host-level registration (1010)
Benefits: MNs can roam and stay connected
Any 3G/4G Network
Dynamic RLOC
Any WiFi Network
Dynamic RLOC
dino.cisco.com Sta?c EID: 2610:00d0:xxxx::1/128
Applicability: IPv4 and IPv6 Android and Linux Open
MNs can be servers MNs roam without DNS changes MNs can use multiple interfaces Packets have “stretch-1” reducing latency LISP Use Cases – 16
Cisco-‐operated ~ 4 years opera?onal > 140+ sites, 25 countries
Nine implementa?ons Deployed today…
Cisco: IOS, IOS-‐XE, NX-‐OS FreeBSD: OpenLISP Linux/OpenWrt Android (Gingerbread) Two other router vendor http://lisp.cisco.com
http://www.lisp.intouch.eu/
http://www.lisp6.facebook.com
http:/lisp.isarnet.net/
and more…
LISP Deployments – 17
LISP IETF Standardization
IETF LISP WG: http://tools.ietf.org/wg/lisp/
IETF LISP Working Group progressing standards − now in “last call”
LISP Implementations at Cisco
LISP Code: http://lisp.cisco.com
IOS since Dec ‘09… ISR, ISRG2, 7200 IOS-XE since Mar ‘10…. ASR1K NX-OS since Dec 09… N7K, UCS C200 Coming… Cat6K, IOS XR for CRS-3, ASR9K, and others…
Other LISP Implementations FreeBSD/OpenLISP (several open source implementations) OpenWrt (Cisco posting shortly…) Android for LISP-MN (Cisco posting shortly…) Furukawa Network Solution Corporation More vendors coming… LISP Developments – 18
Enables IP Number Portability With session survivability Never change host IP addresses No renumbering costs No DNS “name -> EID” binding change
Uses pull vs. push routing OSPF and BGP are push models; routing stored in the forwarding plane LISP is a pull model; Analogous to DNS; massively scalable
An over-the-top technology Address Family agnostic Incrementally deployable No changes in end systems
Creates a Level of Indirection Separates End-Host and Site addresses
Deployment simplicity No host changes Minimal CPE changes Some new core infrastructure components
Enables other interesting features Simplified multi-homing with Ingress traffic engineering – without the need for BGP End-host mobility without renumbering Address Family agnostic support
An Open Standard No Cisco Intellectual Property Rights
LISP Summary – 19
LISP Information • IETF LISP WG
http://tools.ietf.org/wg/lisp/
• LISP Beta Network • Cisco LISP Site
http://www.lisp4.net
http://www.lisp6.net
http://lisp.cisco.com
• Cisco LISP Marketing (EXTERNAL)
http://www.cisco.com/go/lisp
Mailing Lists • IETF LISP WG
[email protected] • LISP Interest
[email protected]
• Cisco LISP Questions
[email protected]
LISP References – 20