Joint Aviation Requirements JAR-VLA Very Light Aeroplanes
26 April 1990
Ail Rights Reserved
Printed and distributed by Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, Colorado, 80112, U.S.A., on behalf of the Joint Aviation Authorities Committee.
The members of the Joint Aviation Authorities Committee are representatives of the Civil Aviation Authorities of the countries that have signed the ‘Arrangements Concerning the Development and the Acceptance of Joint Aviation Requirements’. A list of these countries is kept by Direction Generale de I’Aviation Civile (DGAC) 246, Rue Lecourbe, 75732 Paris, Cedex 15,France.* Further printed copies of the Joint Aviation Authorities Documents can be purchased from Global Engineering Documents whose worldwide offices are listed on the JAA website (www.iaa.nl) and Global website (www.alobal.ihs.com). For electronic versions of Joint Aviation Authorities Documents, please refer to the website of Information Handling Service (IHS) (www.ihsaviation.com) where you will find information on how to order. Enquiries regarding the contents should be addressed to JAA Headquarters, Saturnusstraat 8-10, PO Box 3000, 2130 KA HOOFDDORP, Netherlands (Fax No. (31) 23 5621714).
m e s e countries are: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Noway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
26.4.90
ii
JAR-VLA
CONTENTS (Layout) JAR-VIA VERY LIGHT AEROPLANES
FOREWORD CHECK LIST OF PAGES PREAMBLES
0
SECTION 1 - REQUIREMENTS:
SUBPART6
-
SUBPARTC
-
STRUCTURE
SUBPARTD
-
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
SUBPARTE
-
POWERPIANT
SUBPARTA
SUBPARTF SUBPARTG
-
GENERAL FLIGHT
EQUIPMENT OPERATING LIMITATIONS AND INFORMATION
APPENDICES: A, B, C, F and H
SECTION 2
-ACCEPTABLE MEANS OF COMPLIANCE AND INTERPRETATIONS( A U )
c- 1
26.4.90
JAR-VLA
INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
26.4.90
c-2
JAR-VIA
CONTENTS (Details) JAR-VIA VERY LIGHT AEROPLANES
0
Paragraph
Page
FOREWORD
F-1
CHECK LIST OF PAGES
CL-1
PREAMBLES
P- 1
SECTION 1 - REQUIREMENTS 1-0-1
General and Presentation SUBPART A - GENERAL JAR-VIA 1 JAR-VIA 3
1-A-1 1-A-1
Applicability Aeroplane Categories
SUBPART B - FLIGHT GENERAL
JAR-VIA JAR-VU JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA
21 23 25 29 33
1-8-1 1-8-1 1-8-1 1-8-1 1-8-2
Proof of compliance Load distribution limits Weight limits Empty weight and corresponding centre of gravity Propeller speed and pitch limits PERFORMANCE
JAR-VU JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA
45 49 51 65 75 , 77
1-8-2 1-8-2 1-8-2 1-8-3 1-8-3 1-8-3
General Stalling speed Take-off Climb Landing Balked landing FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS
1-8-3
JAR-VIA 141 General CONTROLLABILITY AND MANOEUVRABILITY
0
JAR-VU JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VLA
143 145 153 155 157
1-8-3 1-8-3 1-8-4 1-8-4 1-64
General Longitudinal control Control during landings Elevator control forces in manoeuvres Rate of roll
26.4.90
c-3 ~-
_
_
_
~
JAR-VLA
Page
Paragraph TRIM
1-84
JAR-VLA 161 Trim STABILITY
JAR-VLA JAR-VLA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VLA
171 173 175 177 181
General Static longitudinal stability Demonstration of static longitudinal stability Static directional and lateral stability Dynamic stability
1-8-5 1-8-5 1-8-5 1-8-5 1 -8-6
STALLS
1 -8-6 1-8-7 1-8-7
JAR-VLA 201 Wings level stall JAR-VLA 203 Turning flight and accelerated stalls JAR-VLA 207 Stall warning SPINNING
1-8-7
JAR-VU 221 Spinning GROUND AND WATER HANDLING CHARACTERISTICS
JAR-VLA JAR-VIA JAR-VLA JAR-VLA
231 233 235 239
1 -8-8 1-8-8 1-8-8 1-8-8
Longitudinal stability and control Directional stability and control Taxying condition Spray characteristics MISCELLANEOUS FLIGHT REQUIREMENTS
1-8-8
JAR-VLA 251 Vibration and buffeting
SUBPART C
- STRUCTURE
GENERAL
JAR-VU JAR-VLA JAR-VLA JAR-VLA
301 303 305 307
1 -c-1 1 -c-1 1 -c-1 1 -c-1
Loads Factor of safety Strength and deformation Proof of structure FLIGHT LOADS
JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VLA JAR-VLA JAR-VU JAR-VLA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VLA JAR-VLA JAR-VIA JAR-VLA
26.4.90
321 331 333 335 337 341 345 347 349 351 361 363 369 373
1 -c-1 1 -c-1 1 -c-2 1 -c-3 1 -c-3 1 -c-3 1-c-3 1- c 4 1- c 4 1 -c-4 1- c 4 1 -c-4 14-5 142-5
General Symmetrical flight Conditions Flight envelope Design airspeeds Limit manoeuvring load factors Gust load factors High lift devices Unsymmetrical flight conditions Rolling conditions Yawing conditions Engine torque Side load on engine mount Special conditions for rear lift truss Speed control devices
c-4
JAR-VU
Page
Paragraph CONTROL SURFACE AND SYSTEM LOADS
JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA
1-c-5 1-c-5 1-c-5 1-C-6 1-C-6 1-C-6 1-C-6 1-C-6
391 395 397 399 405
Control surface loads Control system loads Limit control forces and torques Dual control systems Secondary control system 407 Trim tab effects 409 Tabs 415 Ground gust conditions HORIZONTAL TAIL SURFACES
JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA
421 423 425 427
14-6 1-C-6 1-C-8 14-8
Balancing loads Manoeuvring loads Gust loads Unsymmetrical loads VERTICAL TAIL SURFACES
1-C-8 1-c-9 1-c-9
JAR-VIA 441 Manoeuvring loads JAR-VIA 443 Gust loads JAR-VIA 445 Outboard fins SUPPLEMENTARY CONDITIONS FOR TAIL SURFACES
JAR-VIA 447 Combined loads on tail surfaces JAR-VIA 449 Additional loads applicable to V-tails
1-c-9 1-c-1 0
AILERONS, WING FLAPS AND SPECIAL DEVICES
1-c-1 0 1-c-10 1-c-1 0
JAR-VIA 455 Ailerons JAR-VIA 457 Wing flaps JAR-VIA 459 Special devices GROUND LOADS
JAR-VIA JAR-VLA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VLA
471 General 473 Ground load conditions and assumptions 477 Landing gear arrangement 479 Level landing conditions 481 Tail-down landing conditions 403 One-wheel landing conditions 485 Side load conditions 493 Braked roll conditions 497 Supplementary conditions for tail wheels 499 Supplementary conditions for nose wheels 505 Supplementaryconditions for ski-planes
1-c-10 1-c-10 1-c-1 1 1-c-1 1 1-c-1 1 1-c-1 1 1-c-1 1 1-c-1 1 1-c-12 1-c-12 1-c-12
WATER LOADS
1-c-12
JAR-VIA 521 Water load conditions EMERGENCY U N D I N G CONDITIONS
1-c-12
JAR-VIA 561 General FATIGUE EVALUATION
1-c-13
JAR-VLA 572 Parts of structure critical to safety
c-5 I
26.4.90
JAR-VIA Page
Paragraph
SUBPART D
0
- DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION GENERAL
JAR-VIA JAR-VU JAR-VIA JAR-ViA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-ViA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA
601 603 605 607 609 611 613 615 619 621 623 625 627 629
General Materials and workmanship Fabrication methods Self-locking nuts Protection of structure Accessibility Material strength properties and design values Design properties Special factors Casting factors Bearing factors Fitting factors Fatigue strength Flutter
1-D-1 1-D-1 1-0-1 1-D-1 1-D-1 1-0-1 1-0-1 1-D-1 1-0-2 1-D-2 14-2 1-D-2 1-0-2 14-3
e
WINGS
14-3
JAR-VIA 641 Proof of strength '
JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA
651 655 657 659
CONTROL SURFACES
1-0-3 1-D-3 1-D4 1-04
Proof of strength Installation Hinges Mass balance CONTROL SYSTEMS
JAR-VIA 671 JAR-VIA 673 JAR-VIA 675 JAR-VIA 677 JAR-VIA 679 JAR-VIA 681 JAR-VIA 683 JAR-VIA 685 JAR-VU 687 JAR-VIA 689 JAR-VIA 693 JAR-VU 697 JAR-VLA 699 JAR-VU 701
1-D4 1-D4 1-D4 1-04 1-D4 1-04 1-D-5 1-D-5 1-D-5 1-D-5 1-D-5 1-D-5 1-D-6 1-D-6
General Primary flight controls Stops Trim systems Control system locks Limit load static tests Operation tests Control system details Spring devices Cable systems Joints Wing flap controls Wing flap position indicator Flap interconnection
e
LANDING GEAR
JAR-VU JAR-VLA JAR-VLA JAR-VU JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA
26.4.90
723 725 726 727 729 731 733 735 737
Shock absorption tests Limit drop tests Ground load dynamic tests Reserve energy absorption drop tests Landing gear extension and retraction system Wheels Tyres Brakes Skis
C-6
1-D-6 1-D-6 1-D-7 1-D-7 1-0-7 14-8 1-D-8 1-D-8 14-8
a
JAR-VIA
Page
Paragraph FLOATS AND HULLS
14-9 1-D-9 1-D-9
JAR-VIA 751 Main float buoyancy JAR-VLA 753 Main float design JAR-VIA 757 Auxiliary floats PERSONNEL AND CARGO ACCOMMODATIONS
JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VLA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VLA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA
771 773 775 777 779 781 783 785 787 a07 a31
Pilot compartment Pilot compartment view Windshields and windows Cockpit controls Motion and effect of cockpit controls Cockpit control knob shape Exits Seats, safety belts and harnesses Baggage compartments Emergency exits Ventilation
1-D-9 1-D-9 14-9 1-D-9 1-D-I 0 14-1 1 1-D-1 1 1-D-11 1-d-12 1-D-12 1-d-12
FIRE PROTECTION
JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VLA
a53 a57 a63 065
Compartment interiors Electrical bonding Flammable fluid fire protection Fire protection of flight controls and other flight structure
1-D-12 1-d-13 1-D-13 1-0-1 3
MISCELLANEOUS
1-D-13
JAR-VIA 871 Levelling means
SUBPART E - POWERPLANT GENERAL
JAR-VLA JAR-VLA JAR-ViA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VLA JAR-ViA
901 903 905 907 909 925 943
1-E-1 1-E-1 1-E-1 1-E-1 1-E-1 1-E-1 1-E-2
Installation Engines Propellers Propeller vibration Superchargers Propeller clearance Negative acceleration FUEL SYSTEM
0
JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VLA JAR-VIA JAR-VU JAR-VU JAR-VU JAR-VU JAR-VU JAR-VIA JAR-VIA
951 955 957 959 961 963 965 967 969 971 973 975 977
General Fuel flow Flow between interconnected tanks Unusable fuel supply Fuel system hot weather operation Fuel tanks: general Fuel tank tests Fuel tank installation Fuel tank expansion space Fuel tank sump Fuel tank filler connection Fuel tank vents and carburettor vapour vents Fuel strainer or filter
c-7
1-E-2 1-E-2 1-E-2 1-E-3 1-E-3 1-E-3 1-E-3 1-E-3 1- E 4 1- E 4 1- E 4 1- E 4 1- E 4
26.4.90
JAR-VU Page
Paragraph FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENTS
JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-ViA JAR-VIA
991 993 995 999
1-E-5 1- E 4 1-E-5 1- E 4
Fuel pumps Fuel system lines and fittings Fuel valves and controls Fuel system drains
OIL SYSTEM JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VLA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA
1011 1013 1015 1017 1019 1021 1023
1-E-6 1-E-6 1-E-6 1-E-6 1-E-6 1-E-6 1-E-6
General Oil tanks Oil tank tests Oil lines and fittings Oil strainer or filter Oil system drains Oil radiators COOLING
JAR-VIA 1041 General JAR-VIA 1047 Cooling test procedure for reciprocating engine aeroplanes
1-E-6 1-E-6
LIQUID COOLING
1-E-7 1-E-8
JAR-ViA 1061 Installation JAR-VIA 1063 Coolant tank tests INDUCTION SYSTEM
JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA
1091 1093 1101 1103 1105
1-E-8 1-E-8 1-E-8 1-E-8 1-E-8
Air induction Induction system icing protection Carburettor air preheater design Induction system ducts Induction system screens EXHAUST SYSTEM
14-9 1-E-9 14-9
JAR-VIA 1121 General JAR-VIA 1123 Exhaust manifold JAR-VIA 1125 Exhaust heat exchangers POWERPLANT CONTROLS AND ACCESSORIES
JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA
1141 1143 1145 1147 1163 1165
1-E-9 1-E-9 1-€-lo 1-E-10 1-E-10 1-E-10
General Engine controls Ignition switches Mixture control Powerplant accessories Engine ignition systems POWERPIANT FIRE PROTECTION
JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-ViA
26.4.90
1182 1183 1191 1193
14-10 1-E-10 1-E-1 1 1-E-1 1
Nacelle areas behind firewalls Lines, fittings and components Firewalls Cowling and nacelle
C-8
JAR-VIA
Page
Paragraph
SUBPART F
- EQUIPMENT
GENERAL
JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA
1301 1303 1305 1307 1309
Function and installation Flight and navigation instruments Powerplant instruments Miscellaneous equipment Equipment, systems and installations
1-F-1 1-F-1 1-F-1 1-F-1 1-F-1
INSTRUMENTS: INSTALLATION
JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA
1321 1322 1323 1325 1327 1331 1337
Arrangement and visibility Warning, caution and advisory lights Airspeed indicating system Static pressure system Magnetic direction indicator Instruments using a power supply Powerplant instruments
1-F-1 1-F-1 1-F-2 1-F1-F-2 1-F-2 1-F-2
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT
JAR-ViA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA
1351 1353 1357 1361 1365 1367
General Storage battery design and installation Circuit protective devices Master switch arrangement Electric cables and eauipment . . Switches
1-F-3 1-F-3 1-F-4 1- F 4 1- F 4 1- F 4
LIGHTS
1-F-5
JAR-VIA 1384 External lights SAFETY EQUlPMENT
1-F-5
JAR-VIA 1411 General MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT
JAR-VIA 1431 Electronic equipment JAR-VIA 1436 Hydraulic manually-powered brake systems
1-F-5 1-F-5
SUBPART G - OPERATING LIMITATIONS AND INFORMATION JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VLA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VLA
1501 1505 1507 1511 1519 1521 1525 1529
1-G-1 14-1 1-G-1 1-G-1 1-G-1 1-G-1 1-G-2 1-G-2
General Airspeed limitations Manoeuvring speed Flap extended speed Weight and centre of gravity Powerplant limitations Kinds of operation Maintenance manual
c-9
26.4.90
JAR-VU
Page
Paragraph MARKINGS AND PLACARDS JAR-VLA JAR-VLA JAR-VLA JAR-VIA JAR-VIA JAR-VLA JAR-VIA JAR-VLA JAR-VIA JAR-VLA
1541 1543 1545 1547 1549 1551 1555 1557 1559 1561
General Instrument markings: general Airspeed indicator Magnetic direction indicator Powerplant instruments Oil quantity indicator Control markings Miscellaneous markings and placards Operating limitations placards Safety equipment
1-G-2 1-G-2 1-G-2 1-G-3 1-G-3 1-G-3 1-G-3 1-G-3 1- G 4 1- G 4
AEROPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL AND APPROVED MANUAL MATERIAL JAR-VU JAR-VLA JAR-VU JAR-VLA JAR-VU
1581 1583 1585 1587 1589
1- G 4 1- G 4 1-G-5 1-G-5 1-G-6
General Operating limitations Operating data and procedures Performance information Loading information
APPENDICES 1-App A-1 1-ADPB-1 1-App C- 1 1-App F-1 1-App H-1
Appendix A Appendix 6 Appendix C Appendix F Appendix H
SECTION 2
26.4.90
ACCEPTABLE MEANS OF COMPLIANCE AND INTERPREfATlONS (ACJ)
c-10
e
JAR-VLA
FOREWORD 1 The Civil Aviation Authorities of certain European countries have agreed common comprehensive and detailed airworthiness requirements (referred to as the Joint Aviation Requirements (JAR)) with a view to minimising Type Certification problems on joint ventures, and also to facilitate the export and import of aviation products. 2 The JAR are recognised by the Civil Aviation Authorities of participating countries as an acceptable basis for showing compliance with their national airworthiness codes. 3 FAR Part 23 of the Federal Aviation Administration of the United States of America has been selected to provide the format, and where appropriate, content, of the JAR for Very Light Aeroplanes * (JAR-VLA). 4 Certain of the requirements of this JAR-VLA, in particular those in Subpart F, call for the installation of equipment and in some cases prescribe requirements for the design and performance of that equipment. These requirements, in common with the remainder of JAR-VLA are intended to be acceptable to all Participating Authorities as showing compliance with their National Code for type certification purposes, but it should be borne in mind that an importing country may require equipment additional to those in this JAR for operational purposes. 5 The performance requirements of Subparts B and G have been developed on the assumption that the resulting scheduled performance data will be used in conjunction with performance operating rules which are complementary to these performance requirements. 6 Future development of the requirements for this JAR will be in accordance with the agreed amendment procedures. Broadly, these procedures are such that amendment of JAR-VLA can be proposed by the Civil Aviation Authority of any of the participating countries and by any organisation represented on the Joint Steering Assembly. 7 The Civil Aviation Authorities have agreed they should not unilaterally initiate amendment of their national codes without having made a proposal for amendment of the JAR-VLA in accordance with the agreed procedure. 8 Definitions and abbreviations of terms used in this JAR-VLA are contained in JAR-1, Definitions and Abbreviations. 9 Amendments to the text in this JAR-VLA are usually issued initially as 'Orange Paper' Amendments. These show an effective date and have the same status and applicability as JAR-VLA from that date. Orange Paper Amendments are incorporated into the printed text by means of a 'Change'. 10
New, amended and corrected text is enclosed within heavy brackets.
*A Very Light Aeroplane is defined as one of not more than 750 kg Maximum Certificated Take-off Weight.
F-1
26.4.90
JAR-VIA JOINT AVIATION
REQUIREMENTS
CHECK LIST OF PAGES VERY LIGHT AEROPLANES
FIRST ISSUE, DATED 26.4.90
The following pages of JAR-VU are now current: Page No
Legend
Title Page
-
ii
26.4.90 26.4.90 26.4.90 26.4.90 26.4.90 26.4.90 26.4.90 26.4.90
c-1to c-10 F- 1
F-2 CL-1 CL-2 P- 1 P-2 1-0-1 1-0-2 1-A-1
26.4.90 26.4.90 26.4.90 26.4.90 26.4.90 26.4.90 26.4.90
1-A-2 1-B-1 to 1-8-8 1-C-1to 1-C-14 1-D-1to 1-D-14 1-E-1 to 1-E-12 1-F-1 to 1-F-6
26.4.90 26.4.90 26.4.90
1 -G-1 to 1-G-6
1-App A-1 to 1-App A-8
.
26.4.90 26.4.90 26.4.90 26.4.90 26.4.90 26.4.90 26.4.90
1-App 6-1 to 1-App 6-6 1-App C-1 l-AppC-2 1-App F-1 1-App F-2 1-App H-1 to 1-App H-30 2-0-1 2-0-2 2-1 to 2-12
26.4.90 26.4.90 26.4.90
CL- 1
26.4.90
JAR-VIA
INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
26.4.90
CL-2
