GPRS Overview IUP STRI Master 1ère année 09/12/04 Valérie Floch
Agenda • GPRS vs GSM for Data transmission • System architecture • Functions of the GPRS Elements • Main GPRS Procedures • MS-SGSN interface • PCUSN-SGSN Interface (Gb) • SGSN-GGSN Interface (Gn) • GGSN-PDN Interface (Gi)
2
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Background • General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is an extension of the popular GSM mobile standard that offers packet data to a mobile user. Before GPRS, data service on a GSM network was generally limited to 9.6 kilobits per second.
• With GPRS the theoretical maximum speed is 171.2 kilobits per second however there are no terminals that support these speeds today. The realistic speeds are more in line with dialup modem access.
• Apart from speed GPRS offers significant advantages to the network operator and the end user.
• GSM Circuit switch data utilized a full rate voice channel (Timeslot) on the air interface for the entire duration of the data connection whether or not data is being transferred. These connections are normally billed according to airtime.
• GPRS uses virtual connections for multiple users. Scarce radio resources are only allocated to a mobile if there is data waiting to be sent or received. As a result GPRS connections can be left ‘always on’ and are normally billed by data volume rather than time.
3
GPRS is an IP network
Application part
Application
Application
Packet layer
IP / X.25
IP / X.25 SNDCP
NSAPI SAPI
LLC RLC
LLC Relay
TFI
MAC
BSSGP
MAC
Frame Relay
TLLI
GSM RF L1bis
GSM RF
MS
RLC
Um
BSS
Gb
SNDCP
GTP
LLC
UDP / TCP
TID
GTP UDP / TCP
BSSGP
IP
IP
Frame Relay
L2
L2
L1bis
L1
SGSN
L1
Gn
GGSN
Gi
4
GPRS network overlaid on GSM network Three new elements added to existing GSM network – PCU, SGSN, GGSN.
BSS: Base Station system
SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node
PCU: Packet Control Unit
GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node
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GPRS Packet Data Service Copyright © 1996 Northern Telecom
TS 1
Mobile Network
Copyright © 1996 Northern Telecom
Copyright © 1996 Northern Telecom
(GPRS)
TS
TS
4
TS 4
TS 2
TS 3
5
TS 5
Radio
In GPRS some timeslots are dedicated to providing packet data service. The Packet Control Unit (PCU) controls the fair allocation of GPRS radio resources in real-time. If there are multiple users in the cell they can share different data frames on the same timeslot. This arrangement works great with bursty data like web browsing. Data resources on the uplink and downlink are allocated independently. Throughput for a user depends on the number of GPRS timeslots and the amount of resource requested. 6
Techniques used to improve throughput • Multislots terminals • User data’s security decrease • More efficient spectrum modulations: — 4 Coding Schemes defined in GPRS – CS-1: best data’s security: 9.05 Kbit/s – CS-2: 13.4 Kbit/s – CS-3: 15.6 Kbit/s – CS-4: 21.4 Kbit/s
7
GPRS Terminals • The number of timeslots a
Multislot Class
Downlink Slots
Uplink Slots
Simultaneo us Active Slots
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
3
GPRS mobile can use when sending (uplink) or receiving (downlink) is communicated to the network in the form of a Multislot class.
3
2
2
3
4
3
1
4
• Classes exist all the way to 8 +
5
2
2
4
8 (Class 29) but these require the handsets to send and receive at the same time. Currently there are no mobiles that can do this.
• 1 TS = 21.4 Kbit/s in Coding Scheme-4
6
3
2
4
7
3
3
4
8
4
1
5
9
3
2
5
10
4
2
5
11
4
3
5
12
4
4
5
8
Mobile Identity – International Mobile Subscriber Identity Internal number that identifies the subscriber to the GSM network. This number is unique to the subscriber and is no longer than 15 digits. •MCC: Mobile Country Code (3 digits) •MNC: Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits) •MSIN: Mobile Subscriber Identification Number The IMSI contains information about the network it belongs to and a unique identity in the network. •The IMSI is stored in the SIM card. NOTE : THIS IS NOT THE SUBSCRIBER’S PHONE NUMBER (MSISDN)
9
Possible GPRS Applications • Personal Messaging: e-mail, schedule update • Mobile office: internet e-mail, file transfer, database access • E-Commerce: interactive shopping, ticket sales, interactive banking and gambling
• On-line information access: news, web browsing, directory service, yellow pages, traffic information, train/plane time table, stock prices, real estate information
• Telemetry: simple messaging ( remote monitoring and reporting of metering devices such as vending machines, bank teller machines, taxis)
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Section 1: System Architecture
Network architecture MSC-VLR
TCU BTS
PSTN/ ISDN A SMSC
Ater
HLR
EIR
Gs Gf
Gr
Gd
BSC
Ga PCU
Gi
Gn
Gb
Agprs
Gc
SGSN CGF
PSPDN
Ga GGSN
Gp SGSN of other PLMN 12
Backbones Used Gn
SS7 Network
Internet
Gn Gi Gn
SGSNs Gn
SGSNs
GGSNs
IP Backbone Existing GSM Components
Gn
Gb
BSCs
Intranets Gi
Gn
Gb
Frame Relay Network
BSCs
PCUs
13
Section 2: Functions of the GPRS Elements
GPRS impact on BSS BSC NSS
BTS Abis Proprietary Interface
Gb
GPRS network
PCU PCU: Packet Control Unit PCU provides interworking function between GPRS and BSS. PCU can be located in the BTS, the BSC or the SGSN 15
Packet Control Unit (PCU) functions The main function of the PCU is to provide the interworking function between two interfaces
•Packetized radio interface Agrs •Packet network interface Gb MS
BSSGP Flow Control Frame Relay Links
RLC/MAC Block Management
Gb asynchronous synchronous
BSC
PCU
SGSN 16
Signaling Gateway Support Node (SGSN) functions LiG
DNS R ou
Res olut
ion
Location
g& erin h p Ci n ssio y e r p la C om re e am r F Gb
SGSN
Services
MS
ting
CP LI
eling GTP Tunn Gn Mob ility M an age Bi men lli t ng Gr Re co rd s Ga
GMLC
GGSN HLR
CGF
PCU 17
Domain Name Server (DNS) Functions End user enters the URL: http://www.google.com
(3) 13 6.1 47 .68 .68
(1 )W
www.google.com (136.147.68.68)
h wwat is w. th go e I og P a (2 )1 le. dd 36 co re .14 m ss ? 7.6 of 8 .6 8
Internet
DNS 18
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) Functions Authenticates remote users and performs accounting functions
SGSN
IP Backbone
MS Log-in, Password GGSN
Frame Relay Network RADIUS server
Is this a legitimate user?
19
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Functions GGSN
IP
e dr
ss
:
ad 6 his 02.2 t 1 e . Us .147 6 (4) 13
SGSN This will be my address: 136.147.102.26
(3) Give the en d user this one: 136.147.102.26
GPRS Network
an
s
(2) End user ne
( 1)
d ee In
es dr ad
eds IP address
IP Backbone
Internet
DHCP 20
Charging Gateway Function (CGF) Functions The CGF is responsible for aggregating and sorting billing records and then translating them into a format that is useable by the downstream billing system.
CGF
S-CDR and M-CDR
Collector
Billing Center
Billing Files Transfer
SGSN GTP’
Core network
GTP
Aggregator & Distributor
GGSN
G-CDR
Get billing files
Billing Records: • PDP session duration • GPRS QoS Negotiated • Input Octets • Output Octets • Hot Billing 21
Home Location Register (HLR) Functions • SGSN sends MAP messages over Gr to the HLR. • The HLR is queried by the SGSN to verify subscription to the network
and to retrieve the mobile’s subscription records (GPRS services, APN, QOS etc.).
• The HLR keeps track of what SGSN the mobile is currently attached to.
Visiting Location Register (VLR) Functions • SGSN sends BSSAP+ messages over Gs to the VLR. • The MSC/VLR notified by the SGSN when a mobile is attached for circuit service.
• The VLR keeps track of what SGSN the mobile is currently residing within and can use this information to page the mobile for circuit services.
22
Signaling Control Point (SCP) Functions
• SGSN sends CAMEL messages over Ge to SCP. • The SCP is notified by the SGSN when a mobile is activate and requires CAMEL services.
• The SCP is used for pre-paid service.
It keeps track of a resource and lets the SGSN know when no more resources are available. The common example is to limit the amount of data traffic for a given mobile.
23
Short Message Service Center (SMSC) • SGSN sends SMS messages over Gd to SMSC. •For SMS, the SGSN sends SMs to the SMSC for a mobile initiated SMS. • For SMS, the SMSC sends SMs to the SGSN for a mobile terminated SMS.
Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) (R4) • SGSN sends Location Service Messages over the Lg to the GMLC. • The SGSN manages location requests from the GMLC, and tells the GMLC the location of the MS.
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Lawful Intercept (LI) System Architecture GGSN SGSN
Gn
Gb Future Development
IP Network LICP Router w IPSEC
SGSN
LIGD
CF
LEAs LIGA CF
LiG Other PLM
Allows Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) the ability to monitor target subscribers LiG (Lawful Intercept Gateway) [LIGD-LiG Delivery Function, LIGA-LiG Administration Function]; CF-Collection Function) 25
GPRS Gateway Support Node (GGSN) Charging functions IP Ma addre nag ss em ent
g llin i B
Gn
P GT
Tu
g lin e nn
GGSN
Gateway Function
Ga
Authentication
DHCP
SGSN
ds or c Re
Radius
Gi
Tu VP nn N el in g
Intranet Switch Intranet 26
Section 3: Main GPRS Procedures
Mobility management IDLE
GPRS Attach
Functional MM State Model of SGSN
Implicit Detach or Cancel Location
GPRS Detach or Cancel Location
READY READY timer expiry or PDU Force to Standby reception or Abnormal RLC condition
STANDBY
28
GPRS Attach Procedure
BSS
SGSN
(normal) 1/2
GGSN
HLR
Attach Request Identity Request Identity Response
Send Auth Info SAI Ack
GPRS Auth Request GPRS Auth Response
29
GPRS Attach Procedure
BSS
SGSN
(normal) 2/2
GGSN
HLR
Update GPRS Location Insert Subsciber Data ISD Ack UGL Ack Attach Accept Attach Complete
30
Packet Data Protocol Context Activation MS Initiated DNS
BSS
SGSN
DHCP
HLR
GGSN
Activate PDP Context Request Security Functions Create PDP Context Req Create PDP Context Resp Activate PDP Context Response
31
Packet Data Protocol Context Activation APN
Operator Id
2. SFR.com.MNC.MCC.gprs
3. @ GGSN X
DNS
4.
DHCP
@ MS
_ :“ @ 6.
7.
@
S M
@ MS
GGSN Y
GGSN X
PDP Type: IP APN : Internet PDP Type: IP APN: SFR.com PDP Type: X25 APN: Transpac
Mobile Subscribed PDP contexts
ISP
”
9.
eq tR ex nt Co t P ex nt PD te Co ) P MS ea Cr PD @ te t ( ea ep Cr Acc
PN tA tex n o om P C .c PD FR te = S a tiv Ac xt 1. nte co ept P PD acc MS ion SGSN @ ivat . 10 act @GGSN X
tion Crea nnel 5. Tu 8. S t art b illi
@ SGSN @ MS
ng r
Intranet SFR.com
e c or d
CGF In this diagram, @ represents “the IP address of” 32
PDP Context Deactivation MS Initiated
BSS
SGSN
GGSN
HLR
Deactivate PDP Context Request Security Functions Delete PDP Context Req Delete PDP Context Resp Deactivate PDP Context Response
33
PDP Context Deactivation Network Initiated
BSS
SGSN
GGSN
HLR
Delete PDP Context Req Deactivate PDP Context Request Deactivate PDP Context Response
Delete PDP Context Resp
34
MS-Initiated Detach Procedure
BSS
SGSN
GGSN
HLR
Detach Request Delete PDP Context Request Delete PDP Context Response Detach Accept
35
SGSN-Initiated Detach Procedure
BSS
Detach Request
SGSN
GGSN
HLR
Delete PDP Context Request Delete PDP Context Response
Detach Accept
36
PDP Context Modification Sequence MS Initiated
BSS
SGSN
Modify PDP Context Request
GGSN
HLR
MSC/ VLR
Update PDP Context Request Update PDP Context Response
SABM UA Modify PDP Context Response
37
PDP Context Modification Sequence SGSN Initiated
BSS
SGSN
GGSN
HLR
MSC/ VLR
Insert Subsciber Data ISD Ack Update PDP Context Request Update PDP Context Response SABM UA Modify PDP Context Request Modify PDP Context Response
38
Security functions Authentication
BSS
HLR
SGSN
Attach Request Send Auth Info
(IMSI, unknown CKSN)
(IMSI)
(RAND)
A3
SAI Ack
GPRS Auth Request Ki
Ki RAND
(Triplets - RAND, SRES, Kc) SGSN calculated SRES
RAND A3
GPRS Auth Response (MS calculated SRES)
=
No
Forbidden Subscriber
Yes
Authentiicated Subscriber
39
Example: WEB Access PCUSN GGSN MS
SGSN
IDLE
WEB Server
GPRS Attachment READY PDP Context Activation
Home Page Request
40
Section 4: MS-SGSN interface
Logical Link Layer (LLC) Function And Service LLC main function is to provide a reliable logical link layer • Sequential order of delivery, flow control, and error detection & recovery. • User data ciphering. • Acknowledged & unacknowledged data transfers. • Information transfer between SGSN and MS. GMM SNDCP SMS
GMM SNDCP SMS
LLC
LLC Relay RLC BSSGP MAC Network Service
RLC MAC GSMRF MS
GSMRF Um
BSSGP Network Service
L1
BSS
L1 Gb
SGSN 42
GPRS Ciphering Environment HLR Ki
MS
SGSN
RAND Ki
RAND A8
A8
Kc Store Kc
Kc Inputs (IOV), Direction
Store Kc
A5
A5 Ciphered LLC frames
43
GPRS Mobility Management/Session Management Layer Function and Service The GMM/SM main function is to support the mobility and session management of users terminals by: • Informing the network of the MS location. • Providing user identity confidentiality. • Managing data sessions GMM/SM
GMM/SM
LLC
LLC Relay RLC BSSGP MAC Network Service GSMRF L1bis
RLC MAC GSMRF MS
Um
BSS
BSSGP Network Service L1bis Gb
SGSN 44
Mobility Management SGSN X BSS A BTS 1
SGSN X BSS A BTS 2
GPRS attach procedure
Cell update
SGSN Y BSS C BTS 4
SGSN X BSS B BTS 3
Inter RA update
Intra RA update 45
Transmission Plane • The Temporary Flow Identity (TFI) is the unique identification of a Temporary Block Flow (TBF) throughout the TBF life, used by the MS and the BTS/CCU function. • The Network layer Service Access Point Identifier (NSAPI), allocated dynamically by the MS, at the PDP Context Activation, identifies a specific PDP type and PDP address pair. • The Tunnel IDentity (TID) used by GTP, identifies a PDP context in the IP backbone (between SGSN and GGSN); TID consists of an IMSI and a NSAPI. Application part
Application
Application
Packet layer
IP / X.25
IP / X.25 SNDCP
NSAPI SAPI
LLC RLC
LLC Relay
TFI
MAC
BSSGP
MAC
Frame Relay
TLLI
GSM RF L1bis
GSM RF
MS
RLC
Um
BSS
Gb
SNDCP
GTP
LLC
UDP / TCP
TID
GTP UDP / TCP
BSSGP
IP
IP
Frame Relay
L2
L2
L1bis
L1
SGSN
L1
Gn
GGSN
Gi 46
Subnetwork-Dependent Convergence Protocol (SNDCP) Layer: N-SAPIs FTP
E-mail E-business
WEB
Application Layer Signaling
SMS
PDP context Nortel.com IP-V4
PDP context AOL.com IP-V6
N-SAPI
SNDCP
SAPI
PDP context Transpac X.25
LLC TLLI RLC or BSSGP 47
SNDCP: Compression and Segmentation
IP header
IP data
Compressed header compressed IP data
SNDCP header
SNDCP header
SNDCP header
N_201
48
Information Mapping on SNDCP Frames Header compression type
Bit
8
7
6
5
Oct 1
X
F
T
M
2 3 ...
X – Spare F – First Segment T – Type (data or unitdata) M – More (to come, segmentation)
N-SAP Identity (5-15)
4
DCOMP
3
2
NSAPI PCOMP
N-PDU Number- ack’ed mode Data segment
N
SN-Data PDU Format
1
Bit
8
7
6
5
Oct 1
X
F
T
M
2 3
4
3
DCOMP Segment number
2
1
NSAPI PCOMP N-PDU number
4
N-PDU number (continued)
...
Data segment
N
SN-Unitdata PDU Format Data compression type
N-PDU number ack’ed mode (0-255)
Number of segment in a N-PDU (0-15)
N-PDU number unack’ed mode (0-4095)
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Section 5: PCU-SGSN Interface (Gb)
Gb Interface • Physical layer - Currently T1 or E1 PCM channellized transport • Network Service (NS) layer includes the layer-2 protocol Frame Relay and some specific procedures for GPRS (e.g.. NS-Test).
• Base Station Subsystem GPRS Protocol (BSSGP) mainly manages buffers for flow control between PCU and SGSN. It provides services for the upper layers entities:
• Network Management (NM): a local entity that manage buffers and virtual circuits between the two nodes, Relay
GMM
NM
LLC
BSSGP NS
GMM
NM
BSSGP Gb
NS
Physical
Physical
PCU
SGSN 51
Network Service sublayers
BSSGP
Independent from FR or ATM
NS Control Part NS Sub-network Part
Physical
NS Layer Frame Relay
52
Identifiers Managed by NS Layer NSEI 0 PCU A
NSVCI 1 NSVCI 5
NSVCI 2
NSVCI 6
DLCI 51 DLCI 32
DLCI 66
DLCI 124
SGSN
Physical Port
N
Frame Relay Network
DLCI 31 DLCI 88 DLCI 68 DLCI 77
NSVCI 1 NSVCI 2 NSVCI 3 NSVCI 4
DLCI 28 DLCI 18 DLCI 85
NSVCI 5 NSVCI 6 NSVCI 7 NSVCI 8
DLCI 98
S E I 0 N S E I 1
DLCI 41
DLCI 221
DLCI 51
DLCI 44
NSVCI 4
NSVCI 8
Sub-Network
NS Control
PCU B NSVCI 3 NSVCI 7
NS Layer
NSEI 1 53
BSSGP Identifiers LLC
GMM
NM
BSSGP
Buffers « buckets » BVC 1
BVC 2
BVC 3
BVC 4
BVC 5
BVC 6
NS NSE NSVCI
One BVC defined per cell 54
PDU Transmission LLC TLLI
USER DATA
BSSGP
BVCI
MS buffer
TLLI
NSEI BVC buffer BVCI = 1
BVCI = 2
NSEI 0
BVCI = 1 NSEI 1 55
Flow Control The PCU can send BVC or MS flow control messages to the SGSN to change the characteristics of the buffers managed by BSSGP BSS/PCU
SGSN BVC Flow Control Includes: BVC Bmax, BVC R, Default MS Bmax, Default MS R
BVC Flow Control Ack
MS Flow Control Includes: MS Bmax, MS R
MS Flow Control Ack
The procedure aims at adapting data rate on radio interface (RLC/MAC protocol) to the GPRS network.
56
Section 6: SGSN-GGSN Interface (Gn)
GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) – Gn/Gp GTP is the protocol used between GSN nodes, it allows multi-protocol packets to be tunneled through the GPRS backbone on Gn and between GSNs in different PLMNs at the Gp interface. In the signaling plane, GTP specifies a tunnel control and management protocol which allows the SGSN to provide GPRS network access to the MS. Used to create, modify and delete tunnels. In the transmission plane, GTP uses a tunneling mechanism to provide a service for carrying user data Relay packets IP Relay SNDCP
GTP
GTP
LLC
UDP/ TCP
UDP/ TCP
IP
IP
UDP/ TCP IP
BSSGP IP
Network Service Frame Relay
Ethernet
SGSN
Ethernet
Gn
GGSN
58
GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) IP Backbone
GGSN
SGSN 1 GTP
Gi
Gn
Public Data Network
GTP
GTP Gn
Gn
Gp
GTP
Other PLMN
GTP Gp
SGSN 2 SGSN B 59
Section 7: GGSN-PDN Interface (Gi)
Gi Interface as a Reference Point Gi
G G SN
IP
IP L2
G P R S B earer L1
GPRS network looks like any other IP network with the GGSN as a router. Network Configuration mode for connectivity based on • Users’ Authentication and Authorization • Allocation of dynamic address belonging to the PLMN/Intranet/ISP addressing space • End to End Encryption between MS and Intranet/ISP Leads to two different access modes • Transparent Access to Internet/Intranet • Non-Transparent Access to Intranet or ISP 61
Access Point Name (APN) • The APN used to identify the data session requested by the mobile. • APN is received in Create PDP Context Request APN determines: • mobile subscriber user authentication (transparent and nontransparent) • the method of subscriber authentication (Radius details) • the method of IP address allocation (local pools vs. DHCP) • if subscription is required for the GTP session • GGSN accounting information Quality of Service • Wireless services ( tariff or WAP) • IP Services • APN is associated with subscriber template.
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Transparent Access to Intranet Transparent = Basic Internet Access
Can be direct link Or through internet
In t r a n e t P ro t o c o l
In t r a n e t P ro t o c o l
IP PPP or L2
TE
PPP or L2
GPRS b e a re r
MT
IP
IP
IP
GPRS b e a re r
L2
L2
GGSN
In t r a n e t
• MS given an address (Static/Dynamic) belonging to the operator addressing space • Normal GPRS MS authentication is done by network to validate the subscriber. GGSN need not do any user authentication/authorization process. • No specific security protocol required between GGSN and Intranet because security is ensured between MS and Intranet using IP protocols e.g. IPSec for data security; PPP, PPTP, L2TP for user authentication
63
Transparent Mode DHCP Server SGSN GGSN
CES
Intranet Radius
PDP Context Activation Public IP @ for MS
VPN Tunnel Dial Up Private IP @ for MS
Tunnel
Public Public Private Private IP IP IP IP @ of @ of @ of @ of MS server Data CES MS
64
Non-Transparent Access to Intranet or ISP TE
PPP/L2
Phy. layer
MT
PPP/L2
Phy. layer
SGSN
SM
Lower layers
SM
Lower layers
GGSN
GTP
GTP
Lower layers
Lower layers
ISP
DHCP/ RADIUS
DHCP/ RADIUS
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
Lower layers
Lower layers
MS given an address belonging to Intranet/ISP address space. GGSN needs to communicate with RADIUS or DHCP belonging to Intranet/ISP GGSN deduces from APN • Server to be used for Address Allocation and Authentication • Communication/security features (L2TP, IPSec) to dialog with servers in Intranet 65
Non-Transparent
PCUSN
SGSN
GGSN
Leased Line
Intranet CES Server
DHCP Radius PDP Context Activation Radius Query MS Authentication DHCP Query MS IP @ allocation Tunneling signaling PDP Context Activation Accept Private IP @ for MS 66
Non-Transparent Non-tunneled Mode
PCUSN
SGSN
GGSN
Leased Line
Intranet CES Server
DHCP Radius PDP Context Activation Radius Query MS Authentication DHCP Query MS IP @ allocation PDP Context Activation Accept Private IP @ for MS
67
Enhanced Non-Transparent Mode
PCUSN
SGSN
GGSN
PDN
Intranet CES
Radius
PDP Context Activation PDP Context Activation Accept
VPN tunnel Creation L2TP
PPP connection: authentication, IPCP Private IP @ for MS
68
Future of GPRS - Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) • EDGE is a radio based high-speed mobile data standard. It allows data transmission speeds of 384 Kbit/s to be achieved when all eight timeslots are used. • In fact, EDGE was formerly called GSM384. This means a maximum bit rate of 84 Kbit/s per TDMA frame timeslot. • EDGE was initially developed (by Ericsson) for mobile network operators who fail to win Universal Mobile Telephone System (UMTS) spectrum. EDGE gives incumbent GSM operators the opportunity to offer data services at speeds that are near to those available on UMTS networks. • Upgrades to radio software, new EDGE transceivers and new mobile terminals are required to handle the new modulation scheme – 8PSK. A graceful upgrade from GPRS to EDGE is envisaged with reuse of the existing circuit and GPRS networks.
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The Specifications List of various useful GPRS/UMTS specifications Specification GSM 01.04 22.003 23.003 GSM 03.13 GSM 03.20 33.102 23.040 23.060 24.008 25.413 29.002 GSM 09.60 29.060 32.015 24.011 GSM 08.16 GSM 08.18 GSM 04.64 GSM 04.65 29.018 23.107
TITLE Abbreviations and acronyms Teleservices Numbering, addressing and identification Discontinuous Reception (DRX) Security related network functions 3G Security SMS General Packet Radio Service Layer 3 Specs UTRAN Iu Interface RANAP Signalling MAP GTP (Rel97) GTP (3G) Charging and Billing PP-SMS Network Services (NS) BSSGP LLC SNDCP VLR QoS
NOTE - used for SMS
- 2G Auth, etc.
- Your GPRS/UMTS bible - GMM/SM - RANAP messaging - see ver 7.3 and ver 7.6
- GPRS only (Gb) - GPRS only (Gb) - GPRS only (Gb) - GPRS only (Gb) - Rel99->Rel97 QoS mapping, etc.
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