good design ... 1. End-user visits infected legit site and is redirected to malicious website .... msgbody: I JUST REPORTED YOUR COMPANY FOR TRYING TO.
0 Source of Asprox data: VeriSign MSS Other data courtesy of Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botnet
Impact on Economic Environment
+ Thousands of phished accounts ▪
Average of 20 accounts per hour
+ Fake AntiVirus Installs ▪
Multiple products pushed – AntiVirus XP 2008 – XP Security Center
5
Asprox Infection Process and Results + Characteristics of infection: 2. Multiple redirects using javascript and iframes land user on server running Neosploit
3. End-user is infected with Asprox malware
▪ ▪ ▪
<script src = “b.js”>
1. End-user visits infected legit site and is redirected to malicious website
▪ ▪ ▪
5. End-user infects further websites via SQL Injection, redirects end users to it
6
4. The user’s infected box is now both a zombie and a host for Asprox
▪
Phone home frequently for updates Join the Asprox Double Flux Network Perform SQL Injection attacks Send spam/phishing emails Act as a web proxy for the Rock Phish group Loaded with fake AntiVirus malware Perform activities as directed by future module updates
Phoning Home - Forum.php POST + Command and Control Communications ▪
End nodes frequently poll C&C servers (forum.php) via HTTP
Outbound Port
Version number HTTP POST Boundary ID
Windows GUID
7
Pulling Updates + HTTP transactions contain a static boundary ID ▪
Infections easily detectable with a Snort signature (for now): – alert tcp $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET $HTTP_PORTS ( msg:"HTTP POST request boundary matching to Trojan.Asprox detected"; flow:established,from_client; content:"POST|20 2F|forum|2E|php"; nocase; offset:0; depth:15; content:"boundary|3D| 1BEF0A57BE110FD467A"; nocase; distance:0; sid:2003179; rev:1; )
+ Replaying forum.php post data to C&C servers to pull updates ▪
Partitioned and tracked by GUID ▪ Frequent updates, containing – – – –
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New C&Cs New campaigns New Asprox binaries New Fake AV malware
Forum.php Responses Stolen credentials
Botnet IPs
C&C IPs
Phishing page resources
Injected scripts
+ XOR Encoded, key of 27
9
Using their resources to monitor Asprox + Daily pulls of new domains provides further data ▪
Get_asp_domains.pl calls another URL, returns new domains
New domains added in and removed frequently ▪ Data about this Perl script was previously part of every forum.php update ▪ Now hidden from view ▪ URL remains unchanged
+ Susceptible to countermeasures ▪
Perfect candidate to be blocked with proxy servers ▪ Not allowing resolving of DNS requests to these domains
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Double Flux Network – Built-In Resilience + Over 200 domains used since May 2008 + About 5-15 active at a time + Compromised hosts make up network ▪
Double flux – same hosts used as name servers ▪ Hosts respond to all DNS requests with IPs in the fast flux network
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SQL Injection – Growing the Network
12
+
Encoded injected SQL:
+
Decoded:
+
All attacks follow the same general form: ▪
Injected URL
alert tcp $EXTERNAL_NET any -> $HOME_NET $HTTP_PORTS (msg:"SQL Injection related to Injection Attacks"; pcre:"/^(GET|POST)\x20\x2f/i"; content:"DECLARE"; nocase; distance:0; within:256; content:"|40|S|3D|CAST"; distance:0; within:50; sid:2003159; rev:2; )
Asprox meets Rock Phish Rock Phish Hosts
+ SOCKS Proxy to Rock Phish hosts ▪
Ba nn
er8 2.c o
Asprox Fast-Flux Network
v tdr Bu
m
Asslad.com
– Via Fast Flux network – Connect back to Rock Phish web servers
m .co
▪
Allows for centralization of Phishing/ Money Mule scams – Multiple scams run simultaneously – Scams rotated every few weeks
Victim PC
13
Each infected host serves as a proxy
Well Advertised Money Mule Page
14
Well Advertised Money Mule Page
+ Preying on current economic news + Advertised on legit job search sites + Great write-up on the scam by Hon Lau of Symantec
15
Cash-Transfers.us – Behind the Curtain + Used in money mule recruitment campaign, July 2008 + Apparent mirror of another site ▪
Full site: Images, multiple pages
+ “Registering” users’ data sent via proxy to C&C servers + Feedback page form sent data to Cash-Transfers.us ▪
When this campaign went live, this domain was unregistered – Not for long though…
+ Cash-Transfers.us now belongs to me ▪
Feedback CGI script quickly stood up ▪ Gained data about domains that were pointing to the fast flux network – Previously unknown, not Asprox related – Saw variety of subdomains used for these campaigns
16
Feedback to Cash-Transfers.us + name: kangta msgbody: The hacker already put the malicious code on your website. Please delete it http://www.cdrpoex.com/ngg.js i am fbi! + name: kenneth msgbody: hi i am looking for fulltime work please contact me as i already have a bank account opeened + name: pugsyroo msgbody: remove my e-mail from your list. I was unable to find anywhere to do it myself. + name: Yoko msgbody: I have received an e-mail regarding the part time opportunity. Please send me job descriptions before filling out the contact information. + name: CASSIDY msgbody: I JUST REPORTED YOUR COMPANY FOR TRYING TO ATTACK MY COMPUTER WITH A VIRUS, IAM ALSO CONTACTING MY ATTORNEY ASS FUCKER 17
Operational Miscues + Early August Breakdown ▪
C&Cs went offline ▪ Neosploit closed its doors
+ Went into a rebuilding phase ▪
Used fast flux net to rebuild ▪ Exposed backend code – Available at http://www.denbrown.com/ soon
+ Asprox has since recovered with greater redundancy & fault tolerance ▪
New C&Cs up ▪ Number of C&Cs has increased ▪ SQL Injection appears to have quieted down a bit
Thank You Special Thanks to Rob Falcone, Angela Loomis, Steve Samuels, Joe Pepin, Steve Booth, the MSS Intelligence Team, and the MSS Security Operations Center
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