ADVANCES IN CONCURRENT ENGINEERING

CE 2002 - SPONSORED BY

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Intelligent Manufacturing Systems American Association for Artificial Intelligence CETAM

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The American Society of Mechanical Engineers – Manufacturing Engineering Division

CERA Journal

EsoCE IEE Manufacturing International Journal of Engineering Simulation

International Society of Parametric Analysts

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH ISPE INTERNATONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCURRENT ENGINEERING, CRANFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM, 27 - 31 JULY 2002

Advances in Concurrent Engineering Edited by

Rajkumar Roy School of Industrial and Manufacturing Science, Cranfield University, Cranfiled, United Kingdom

Ricardo Jardim-Gonçalves Dep. de Engenharia Electrotécnica, Fac. de Ciências e Tecnologia, University Nova de Lisboa, Portugal

Adolfo Steiger-Garção Dep. de Engenharia Electrotécnica, Fac. de Ciências e Tecnologia, University Nova de Lisboa, Portugal

A.A. BALKEMA PUBLISHERS LISSE / ABINGDON / EXTON (PA) / TOKYO

Copyright © 2002 Swets & Zeitlinger B.V., Lisse, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication or the information contained herein may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written prior permission from the publishers. Although all care is taken to ensure the integrity and quality of this publication and the information herein, no responsibility is assumed by the publishers nor the author for any damage to property or persons as a result of operation or use of this publication and/or the information contained herein. Published by: A.A. Balkema Publishers, a member of Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers www.balkema.nl and www.szp.swets.nl

ISBN 90 5809 502 9 Printed in The Netherlands

Advances in Concurrent Engineering - Roy, Jardim-Gonçalves & Steiger-Garção (eds) © 2002 Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse, ISBN 90 5809 502 9

Table of Contents

Welcome

XV

Dr. Rajkumar Roy

Foreword

XVII

Ricardo Jardim Gonçalves

Organization

XIX

Keynote and invited paper A method for modeling families of workflow processes D. Liu, J. Wang, L. Zhang, J. Sun & S.C.F. Chan Federated P2P services in CE environments M. Sobolewski Decision support systems for new product introduction D.G. Bramall, K.R. McKay, B.C. Rogers, P. Chapman & P.G. Maropoulos CAE/CAD/CAM/CALS in Russia I.P. Norenkov Models of rationality for engineering: the case for human-centred systems design P. Jagodzinski, M. Harris & K. Greene e-Commerce Release 2.0 Man-Sze Li C.A.E. of innovative sheet metal forming processes N. Alberti & L. Fratini

Design technologies and applications The design process within concurrent engineering environments: addressing information saturation M.G. King & J.O. Gray Synchronous collaborative design system - functionality and architecture T. Nowak, M. Banas, M. Fulczyk, M. Florkowski & H. Karandikar

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Application of multiple domain feature mapping in Design For Cost(DFC)+ C. Xiao-chuan, F. Ming-lun & F. Xin-an Management information system for moulded component development R.D. Boughton Web-enabled collaborative environment for integrated design and manufacture D. Su, S. Ji, J. Li & X. Chen Concurrent design and manufacturing: an approach for the injection mould industry M. Germani, D. Ciferri & F. Mandorli Integration research in the mode of oil refining supply chain L. Xiao, W. Chengen & Z. Danni All-digital design education at the university of Oklahoma K-H. Chang Agent based solid modeling in 3-D CAD system and its application to unit layout design H. Ishikawa A distributed object framework for collaborative CAD F. Bianconi Concurrent process design of transfer molding for electronic packages using process simulation and design of experiments method C.K.W. Ip & C.K. Kwong

FE Simulation for concurrent design and manufacture Virtual design of hydrodynamic deep-drawing of tapered rectangular cups based on FEM L.H. Lang, J. Danckert, K.B. Nielsen, D.C. Kang & S.H. Zhang Finite element modeling of the broaching process S.P. Mo, T.H. Hyde & N.N.Z. Gindy FE supported development of the new product - an industry-case study G. Gantar, K. Kuzman & M. Makarovic Finite element dynamic analysis of a speed-increase gearbox and its link to concurrent design R. Li, C. Yang, T. Lin, X. Chen & L. Wang Investigation of factors of breakage occurring on a hydroformed automotive part T. Hama, M. Asakawa & A. Makinouchi An innovative procedure for the numerical identification of accurate friction and heat transfer laws for precision forging processes E. Doege, M. Alasti & R. Schmidt-Jürgensen

Applications of coherent FE-simulations for hydroforming processes F. Dohmann & Ch. Hartl Applications of numerical simulation in bulk forming G. Liu, L.B. Zhang, X.L. Hu, Z.R. Wang, R.W. Wang, S.D. Huang & Q.B. Tang Numerical simulation of hydroforming and viscous pressure forming processes Z.R. Wang, B.G. Teng, S.J. Yuan, L.H. Lang & Z.J. Wang Three dimensional simulation of subgrain size evolution during hot rolling of commercial purity aluminium alloy X. Duan & T. Sheppard Development of a 3D FE model for turning Inconel 718 superalloy as a precursor to modelling the high speed ball nose end milling process S.L. Soo, R.C. Dewes & D.K. Aspinwall Study on the key technologies of laminated object manufacturing for the metal parts Y. Shuping, Z. Jin, H. Jin, L. Lihong & X. Shiquan Performance of pressurising-material and process design considerations for the forming of thick-walled tubular components Y. Qin, Y. Ma & R. Balendra FE investigation on engineering application prospects of laser-heating assisted micro-part stamping X. Peng, Y. Qin & R. Balendra Die design and process characteristics in the net-shape forging of gears J. Cai, Z.M. Hu & T.A. Dean A new surface modelling method and its application in tool shape design for finite element simulation of metal forming L.H. You, J.H. Hu, Y.H. Shi & J.J. Zhang FE Simulation and experiments for the design of parts produced by metal injection moulding Th. Barriere, J.C. Gelin & B. Liu Three-dimensional modelling of superplastic forming and analysis of influence of various factors on the forming processes G.Y. Li, M.J. Tan & K.M. Liew Applications of FE simulation to the development of automotive sheet-metal parts industry-case studies Y. Liu, X. Peng & Y. Qin A simplified reflow soldering process model D.C. Whalley

Using FE to simulate the effect of tolerance on part deformation I.A. Manarvi & N.P Juster An approach to computational predictions of phase transformations and resultant properties in hot steel rolling S. Phadke, P. Pauskar & R. Shivpuri Finite element investigation of part distortion during hot extrusion of titanium alloys D. Damodaran & R. Shivpuri Concurrent design and manufacturing for aircraft torque tubes K-H. Chang & I.H. Bryant Influence of crack mechanics on the chip segmentation in the machining of Ti-6Al-4V J. Hua & R. Shivpuri A knowledge-based system for mold-base design Z. Lou, H. Jiang & X. Ruan

CE – Methodologies Integrating workflow technology in a system to support Concurrent Engineering W.K. Ivins, W.A. Gray & J.C. Miles A unified product information model to support product and process design concurrency L. Qiao, Y. Zheng, Z. Yang & C. Zhang Constraint driven workflow execution for concurrent product development J. Hu An application of restricted colored Petri Nets for Concurrent Engineering in construction S. Puangpool & J. Damrianant Utilising the EFQM excellence model to drive business improvement S.M. Beatham, C.J. Anumba, A. Thorpe & M.A.P. Murray Product development process re-engineering in Concurrent Engineering Y. Yao, H. Zhang & G. Xiong Deriving a product model from process models C.M. Eastman, G. Lee & R. Sacks Leveraging regional, organizational and human resources to create competitive advantage: a new framework for professional development G. Jaegersberg, K. Hatakeyama, J. Ure & A.D. Lloyd

Socionformatics Approach to Decision Engineering Based on the Constraint Management J. Basl, B. Skolud & Z. Banaszak Constraint management system in concurrent engineering W. Xu, G. Xiong & T. Chang Towards collaboratively integrated manufacturing system for tooling production in SMEs - The INPROSE Approach X.G. Ming, Q.F. Ni, W.F. Lu, I.B.H. Lee, M.W. Fu, S.K. Ong & A.Y.C. Nee Distributed collaborative team effectiveness: measurement and process improvement R. Wheeler, J. Hihn & B. Wilkinson A new concept to maximizing the benefits from implementing Concurrent Engineering with Project Management A.L. Miranda & P.W.G. Morris Framework of enabling concurrent process engineering system for process design support S.S. Gelete & R.B. Alcantara Prospective innovation assurance for automotive electronics by result-oriented technology management H-J. Bullinger & M. Richter, P. Nohe & M. Kröll

CE - Knowledge engineering and management Knowledge management and XML-based application for manufacturing integration in design L. Roucoules, A. Skander & B. Eynard Geometric tolerance specification to support concurrent engineering J. Hu, G.L. Xiong & Z.T. Wu A knowledge management portal for engineering N.J. Puzey CAD support for product family design using parametrics, mating relationships, and modularity J.A. Martinez-Larrosa & Z. Siddique Knowledge in the commercial and engineering activities within cost estimating K.E. Mishra, R. Roy, P. Souchoroukov & V. Taratoukhine Computer aided design environment with case based reasoning module J. Pokojski A review of Internet based collaborative product development systems K. Rodríguez & A. Al-Ashaab

Intelligent tool for plastic injection mold design J. Yammada, T.L. Chambers & S.N. Dwivedi Issues in developing an Internet application for engineering consulting in architecture Q. Zhou, R.J. Krawczyk & G. Schipporeit Design communication within fast-track building projects A.F. den Otter Designing Enterprise Systems: leveraging knowledge in a distributed pattern-building community A.D. Lloyd, J. Ure, A. Cranmore, R. Dewar & R.J. Pooley Establishment of distributed design environment W.D. Li, S.K. Ong & A.Y.C. Nee A descriptive grammar for generating housing briefs on line J.P. Duarte Design knowledge sharing through Internet application J.P. van Leeuwen & S. Fridqvist Explore the knowledge distribution for making a family of products in an extended enterprise K. Cheng, H.M.H. Hegge, J.C. Wortmann & J.B.M. Goossenaerts Integrating design resources and knowledge management to support concurrent new product development M. Allen & A. Taleb-Bendiab Automobile marketing based on ontologies of users’ needs I.D. Vinogradov, V.A. Vittikh, S.V. Smirnov, V.M. Karpov & A.N. Moscalyuk

CE within virtual enterprises Applications of mobile computing for piling operations M.J. Ward, A. Thorpe, A.D.F. Price & C. Wren Discovered and undiscovered potentials of mobile computing in engineering D. Rebolj, N. Čuš-Babič & M. Radosavljevič Potentials of data warehouse technology to support case sensitive information representation on mobile devices K. Menzel, R. Scherer, S. Schapke & K. Eisenblätter Wearables and transferable cores as base for ubiquitous computing E. Vogt A virtual approach to maintenance manual development J. Wampler, R. Blue, C. Volpe & P. Rondot

A 3D widget library for virtual environments N. Murray & T. Fernando Hierarchical modeling and decomposition for workflow system based on Petri Net W.C. Dou, S.J. Cai, Nanjing, Jiangsu Hybrid System for functional analysis on different stages of production system lifecycle V.V. Emelyanov Data flows distribution in concurrent engineering N.G. Yarushkina Development process simulation using ‘Signposting’ B.D. O’Donovan, P.J. Clarkson & A.F. Melo Iterative cooperative CAD for avionics navigation systems I.V. Semoushin & V.P. Polosenko Agents structure for conflict management in collaborative design V. Taratoukhine & K. Bechkoum Greedy genetics in memory optimisation of reconfigurable computing in wireless V.M. Kureichik, V.V. Kureichik & L.A. Zinchenko e-Alliance: a software infrastructure for concurrent inter-organisational alliances I. Alloui, J-M. Andreoli, O. Boissier, M. Bratu, S. Castellani & K. Megzari Towards implementing an intelligent virtual agile production and manufacturing enterprise concept A. Al Khani Towards the collaborative design of supply chain relationships C.J. Barnes & A. McKay

CE - The future Towards the integration of bcXML in a standard-oriented architecture in the scope the building product and process life-cycle C. Lima, R. Jardim-Gonçalves & A. Steiger-Garção The RACE Model; building a tool for fast, early cost estimates M.O. van Pelt Visualisation of cost information C. Bru, J. Scanlan, P. Hale & M. Dunkley Preliminary findings from the DECIDE project P. Hale, J. Scanlan, C. Bru & M. Dunkley

Cost estimating practice in aerospace: England and Northern Ireland R. Curran, C. Rush, R. Roy & S. Raghunathan Aerospace cost estimating for competitive costed design for manufacture R. Curran, A. Kundu, A. Ray, K. Woods, S. Crosby, S. Raghunathan & P. Shields Full service supplier cost modelling R. Roy, V. Baker & T. Griggs Modelling manufacturing cost uncertainty with input distributions and exemplars R. Marsh, T. Hill, J. Scanlan, P. Cleevely & M. Dunkley Integration aspects of concurrent engineering in chemical manufacturing R. Batres, M.L. Lu & X.Z. Wang Information modelling for validation in GMP S.V. Lord, Y. Zhao, T.J. McCarthy & P.N. Sharratt A framework of agent-oriented analysis and integrated modeling for process operation systems H. Cheng, Yu Qian & Xiuxi Li A generic model for data, equations and knowledge integration M.L. Lu & X.Z. Wang A framework for interoperability in team-based software A.G. Gunendran & R.I.M. Young Parametric STEP for concurrent engineering M.J. Pratt Towards a collaborative function-to-form mapping D. Pallez, P. Ghodous & C. Dartigues Implementing a strategy towards a common open framework for product and business data exchange in the AEC sector R. Jardim-Gonçalves, P. Malo, A. Steiger-Garção, A. Llambrich & M. Martinez Electronic part obsolescence driven product redesign optimization P. Singh, P. Sandborn, T. Geiser & D. Lorenson An information infrastructure to share product models using step standard I. El Khalkhali & M. Matrinez, J. Favrel & P. Ghodous

Workshop and poster papers Enterprise system implementation P.M. Wognum, I-S. Fan & C. Albert

Implementing integrated systems: Can we use theories of change? F.E. Smulders Integrating the organisation before integrating the system A.D. Brooks Implementation of a new PDM system at Schlumberger-WesternGeco: a courageous organisational approach S. Lombardo & T. Hennig A practical approach to PLM implementation A.C. Benzies Big picture thinking in new product development F. Lettice, K. Young & A. Ziv Creation of innovation by knowledge management K. Auernhammer & M. Neumann Disruptive innovation explored P. Thomond & F. Lettice Implementing performance measurement to improve knowledge management N.G. Roth & F.E. Lettice Conceptual framework for an integrated development of products and services K. Auernhammer, M. Stabe & A. Ardilio Information management in telecommunications engineering process A.A. Ryndin & S.V. Sapegin RTOC: An overview on effective cost reduction P. Meisl A new challenge for CE: PSL, a standardized language for an integrated supply chain management A.F. Cutting-Decelle, R.I.M. Young, A.N. Baldwin, C.J. Anumba & N.M. Bouchlaghem

Author index

Advances in Concurrent Engineering - Roy, Jardim-Gonçalves & Steiger-Garção (eds) © 2002 Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse, ISBN 90 5809 502 9

Welcome

It is my great pleasure to welcome you to the 9th ISPE International Conference on Concurrent Engineering: Research and Application, CE2002 being held at Cranfield University, UK. The previous events were held in Pittsburgh, PA, USA (CE94); McLean, VA, USA (CE95); Toronto, Canada (CE96); Rochester, MI, USA (CE97); Tokyo, Japan (CE98); Bath, UK (CE99), Lyon, France (CE2000), and Los Angeles, CA, USA (CE2001). During this long journey, the CEXX series of conferences have promoted a truly international research community. Currently we have active supporters of the conference from many countries. The CE community involves academic researchers, practitioners and researchers from industry. The CEXX conference series was started by the International Society for Productivity Enhancement (ISPE) in 1994, with a recognition of keen interest among researchers and major industries to achieve industrial competitiveness by developing products better, cheaper and faster, using multifunctional teams working in a concurrent engineering (CE) Environment. The underlying focus of research in this area has therefore been in developing new methodologies, techniques and tools required to support these objectives of CE: Quality, Cost and Time-to-Market. Collaboration in work place to achieve the goals has become very popular. Some of the major themes in the CE research presented in this conference include virtual collaboration; use of Internet technology, knowledge management, concurrent cost engineering and standards in CE. CE2002 conference is a multi-disciplinary conference, where engineers meet computer scientists or management professionals. It is a meeting place for academic researchers and industrial practitioners. The conference programme has been organised with a specific aim to allow these disciplines to interact. We have also encouraged contributions in theory, tools and applications on each of the major topic areas so that the authors can interact with each other to develop new ideas. The Exhibition at the conference provides an opportunity to know state of the art approaches and software systems for CE. The workshops and Industrial Panels allow experts in the field to share their experience and the best practice with others in the CE community. I would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge and thank our publisher Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers for their effort in publishing the conference book on time. I am grateful to Dr. Brian Prasad and Professor Suren Dwivedi for their support from ISPE and ISPE Foundation side. CE2002 is a result of hard work from many active researchers in the CE community. I am very grateful for the commitment, effort and the initiative of the conference organisation committee, specially the programme chair, session organisers and the marketing team. I also thank all the official co-sponsors for the conference and the Journals for agreeing to consider publication of some of the conference papers in a revised form. Cranfield University and our local organising team have contributed significantly in the organisation of the conference. I am very glad to acknowledge their teamwork and sincere commitment, which is essential for the success of CE2002. My final thanks go to you, the CE2002 authors, Keynote Speakers and attendees, for your continued support. I hope you enjoy the conference and make CE2002 a memorable success. Dr. Rajkumar Roy General Chair, CE2002 Cranfield University, UK 28th July 2002 XV

Advances in Concurrent Engineering - Roy, Jardim-Gonçalves & Steiger-Garção (eds) © 2002 Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse, ISBN 90 5809 502 9

Foreword

The International Programme Committee of CE2002 is pleased with the good response from the international Concurrent Engineering Research Community. More than 120 papers are selected for the conference programme, representing Research and Application in the major fields of Concurrent Engineering from different parts of the world.

Six outstanding Keynote Speakers will present and discuss in Plenary Sessions the state-of-the-art in Concurrent Engineering, and the last session on each conference day will include industrial panels to discuss latest issues in CE practice and future direction in the industry. Pre-conference workshop day will include a number of workshop sessions from eminent researchers. As happened before, I hope that CE’2002 will be very successful and fruitful to all of you, and can contribute to further development in Research and Application in the field of Concurrent Engineering. Welcome to CE’2002 in UK, See you all in CE2003 in Portugal. Ricardo Jardim Gonçalves Programme Chair, CE2002 Dep. Eng. Electrotécnica, Fac. Ciências e Tecnologia da Univ. Nova de Lisboa UNINOVA, Portugal

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Advances in Concurrent Engineering - Roy, Jardim-Gonçalves & Steiger-Garção (eds) © 2002 Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse, ISBN 90 5809 502 9

Organization

General Chair Rajkumar Roy, UK

Programme Chair Ricardo Gonçalves, Portugal

Scientific Chair Adolfo Steiger Garção, Portugal

Industrial Application Chair Erastos Filos, Brussels

Publicity Co-Chair Ahmed AI-Ashaab, UK

Workshop & Panel Chair Fiona Lettice, UK

Publicity Co-Chair Ip Shing Fan, UK

Exhibition Chair Victor Taratoukhine, UK

Finance Chair Charles Wainwright, UK Ashutosh Tiwari Petros Souchoroukov Karen Mishra Jesse Bailey Christopher Rush

International Co-Chairs Amaresh Chakrabarty Balen Lahiri Brian Prasad Bruno Lorenzelli Darli Rodrigues Vieira Ebrahim Shayan Guanglen Xiong Guy Pierra

Hassan Abdalla Jeffrey Mahachi Jiati Deng Jirawat Damrianant Kazuo Hatakeyama Lucio Soibelman P.M. Wognum Parisa Ghodous

International Advisors Adolfo Steiger Garção Bo Hu Li Erastos Filos Igor Norenkov

John Gero Rakesh Sagar Robert Fulton Winston Knight

Special Session Organisers/Chairs and Co-Chairs Celson Lima Jos van Leeuwen Chris Rush José Duarte Danijel Rebolj Kamal Bechkoum Edwin Vogt LiHong Qiao Guangleng Xiong Mike Pratt Ip-Shing Fan Ming L. Lu J. Pokojski Nel Wognum Jesse Bailey Parisa Ghodous

XIX

Pravir K. Chawdhry RaimarJ. Scherer Shuichi Fukuda Soh-Khim Ong Suren Dwivedi Vince Thomson Yuri Merkuryev Ziga Turk

R. Curran Ricardo Goncalves Steve Kneebone Valery Tarasov Victor Taratoukhine XiangHe Peng Xue Zhong Wang YiQin

International Scientific Committee Adam Borkowski Hai Lin Adolfo Steiger Garção ¥ Chair Henrique Rozenfeld Alex Duffy lan Collins Anil Kumar Ray lan Smith Arto Kiviniemi Jianjun Zhang Joachim Ben Hua Danckert Chimay Anumba John Clarkson Chris McMahon John Miles Chuan-tao Wang Karl Kuzman Claudia Eckert Kosuke Ishii Claudiano Sales de Araujo Junior Lam Yee Cheong Daniel Whitney Liangchi Zhang Danijel Rebolj Liew Kim Meow E. Doege Lucienne Blessing Ebrahim Shayan Lyndon Lee F.W. Travis M. Geiger Farzad Khosrowshahi Manoochehr Najmi George Rzevski Maria de Fátima Farinha Ghassan Aouad M. Schnellenbach-Held

XX

Matthew West Ming Lu Neal P. Juster Nenad Cus-Babic Nicola Alberti Rafael Batres Raimar Scherer Raj Balendra Ricardo Gonçalves Roberto Santoro RunFang Li Saleem Hashmi Tomasz Arciszewski Tongxi Yu Victor Emelyanov Wolfgang Marquardt Xianghe Peng Yan Jin YiQin Zhongmin Hu