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gIF2+*98% >gIF92:*98 -*1)82+*  @T)  4UF)+*0Y1F9):)+;(*9I @T>2/5 , 35-5 TJ`2 7 ** g*9Y2[@9CUIB; g*1):*1,324AFNE>*98@CW2 7 *d8* -F9)6F9.0*12:*/)68M;V8&@T=-8_*1!)  *dIK5  ;E,-Y *&2 7 *H8_@TNE>2:;E@T,@A, N Y @A ,  */!) T*d8  *1!) S8_N(@9QH N SQ 7 ;EN 8_2i.0@  *1.\*1, 2g> gIF2+*98RF)+*&=-*1;E,  Y1F9):)+;(*9I @T>2;(2; 8,*9Y *d8:8:F9!)  2+@ Y @A,B2+;(,3>*c2+;(.0* _8_2:* ;(, GF1CX2:*1 )  > gIF2+*98 7 F  *\=-*1*1, .GFAIB*%FdCX2+*1)HQ 7 ;VY 7 ,@CX>)+2 7 *1)],@3IB*S.0@  *1.\*1,32i;V8&Y1F9):):;E*9Ic@A>2 4PJB>,32:;ENK2 7 *S8@AN(>2+;(@T, 7 FT8 CX>NE N OY @T1,  *1) T*9IK5 6@T) 8@A.0' * ):@A=N(*1.j8 J2 7 *8 7 F -*@C. 7 *1 ;  7 2@CaF1,  *1NE*1.0*1,32 7 FT8 T@A,*G= */N(@9Q  " JR2 7 *G8_>):)+@T>,-I3;(,  ,@3I3*98?F9):*,@N(@A, T*1)U.0@  *9IK5 

I



 

+





,& $6.1=6;  7 ; &  $ !

  * ):*d8*1,32 7 *1)+* 8@A.0* ):*98_>N(2P8c@Cf>-8;E, 2 7 * 8_@TNE>2:;E@T, 8:Y 7 *1.0*G@T>2:N(;E,*9IeF9= @ * 5 8 ;E, Y 7 F2:*1)P82 F9,-IB(3JR2 7 * -,;E2:*\*1N(*1.O*1,B2U.0*12 7 @3I >-8*9I ; 82 7 F92@9CU.0@3IB;DZ*9I  F9N(*1) B;E, NE*9FT8_52 !8 >-F)+*98 JhN(@3Y/FNR2+;(.0* 82+*;E,; 8U>-8*9I %XQH;(2 7 F+)PF,32S,B>.\=-*1)H@C ( " 46J`F,-I 2 7 *    ON(;E,*9F)U8_@TN  *1) 7 FT8 a) BNE@ GIB;(.O*1,-8;E@T,0@9C 8( % 2 7 *98*'AFNE>*98UF):*,@T2U,*9Y*98:8+F):;EN  @#2:;E.GFNJB=>2UF9):*S):@A=>-8_2 465 I







   

,&7

* Y @A>N(*dI 8582:*/. @C  >)!A*1)68 E * >-F2+;(@A,-8?;(,32:)+@3IB>-Y *dI ;(, 2:;(@A,0F9,-I08_@;(2m.GF=-*?>Z8*9I2:@ >-F9,B2+;(2PF2:; *1N  .0*9FT8_>):*H2 7 * FTY1Y >)6FTY @CmF.0*/2 7 @3IK5 ,&7 * .0*98 7 @A,0Q 7 ;VY 7 2 7 * )+@T=NE*1. % ;E,cQ 7 ;VY 7 2 7 *IB; g>-8;E@T,GY @A,-82PF,32A H " 5 "8" 4R;V8&8_@TN  *dI Y @A,B2PF;E,-8 (8#Q*1N(*1.O*1,B2P8-F,-I; 8`8 7 @9QH,;E,? T>)+*35-%F 4P5 ,&7 *H2 7 )+*1*&*/):):@A)i;E,-IB;VY1F2+@T)68 T;  */, ;E, (B5 5 0F)+*0*9FAY 7 2+):;E*9I FA8[2 7 *0Q&*/ ;  7 2:;E,0CX>,-Y 2+;(@A, ;(, 2 7 *O,@3IB*G.0@ *1.\*1,B2&CX@A):.\>N F =% B-5 3465 ,&7 *d8* F):*U2 7 *?)+*98;VIB>-FN=-FT8_*9I  G J 2 7 *H*1DFAY 22+;(@A, A)6FTI3;(*1,32  5 >.O*1):;VY1FN-*11D -*1):;E.0*1,3268i;E,-IB; Y/F2:* 2 7 F92?;E2&; 8&.O@T):* * GY;(*1,322U.0@T)+*?2 7 F, @A,*?> KIF2:*U;(,=-*12_Q]*1*1,*dFTY 7 2:;(.O* _8_2:*  J=>2 gIF2+*98-8_*98R2 7 *H*/):):@A) 2+@;(,-Y )+*9FT8_*%FT8&2 7 *.0*98 7 =-*9Y@T.0*98R2+@ @\IB; 8_2:@T)+2:*9I-465 ,&7 ;V8&; 8&8 7 @9QH,G;(,  A>):* B>5 $3JBQ 7 */):* 2 7 *&*1)+):@A)R,@T)+.!@Cg2 7 *WY @T1,  *1) T*9IS8@AN(>2+;(@A,G%IB* Z,*9I[1= S2 7 *NVF&;(, (B5 5 94h; 78 NE@T2:2+*9I F  F;E,-822 7 *\2:@A26F9NM,3>.\=-*1)@CW > gIF2+*98Y/F):)+;(*9I @A>215  *  *1)PFN AF9N(>*98@9C  % > gIF92:*98 +



+

+

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8 2+*K4h)PF,A;(,CX):@A. 2+@  " F9):*S8 7 @9QH,hJ-F,-I02 7 **1)+):@T)H;E,-IB;VY1F2+@T)&>Z8*9I 7 *1):*;V8 2 7 *S):*98_; IB>-F9Nh=-FT8_*9I  G 5 -*1)H2+;(.0*

0.012 UPS=1 UPS=3 UPS=5 UPS=10

0.011 0.01

Error norm of solution

0.009 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.001 0

6i; A>):* 35>$ 

5

10

15 20 25 Total number of updates

30

35

40

@TN(>2:;(@A, *1)+):@A)H,@T)+. CX@T) IB; g*1)+*1,32 A FNE>*98H@C  0  F9,-I





5

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,

F9=N(* B 5   *d8>NE268&@T,   )+*-,*9I0.0*d8 7 *98RCX@T)  > ) T*1)P8 E * >-F92:;(@A,-8 5

2 ; 8 F-F9):*1,322 7 F22 7 *,@3IB*.O@ */.0* ,32 7 FT8SF08;T,;gY1F9,B2* K*dY 2?@A, 2 7 *\8 7 F-*\@C 2 7 *G.0*98 7 J-8;E,   ):* -,*1.0*/,B2h@A,N CX@T)  > )!A*1)68 E 8582:*/. % F 4 @.0@ *1.\*1,B2W% =K4  G %Y94  %I 4 

6i;T>)+*35-

6i;(,ZFN .0*98

Min: 0.50 ; Max: 0.76

6i; A>):* 35>(

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B+

           

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1

0.1

L2 Residual norm

0.01

0.001

0.0001

1e-05

1e-06

1e-07

1e-08 0

6i;T>)+*435>

10

20

30

40 50 Nonlinear iterations

60

70

80

90

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!I

9?

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  1 residual indicator gradient indicator no node movement 0.5

0

-0.5

-1

-1.5 0

0.1

6i;T>)+*?35DC

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

):*d8:8>):*Y @ * jY ;(*/,B2P8^CX@T)UY/FT8* 4>-8_;(,   ):*-,*1.0*1,3215 !I

0.5 residual indicator gradient indicator no node movement

0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

6i;T>)+* B5>Q 6)+; Y 2+;(@T,jY @ * jY ;(*1,3268RCX@T)UY1FA8*!I4>-8;E,

6i;T>)+*'B5 

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0.8

0.9

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  Min: 0.31 ; Max: 3.18

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Solve time-step

no

Partially Converged? yes yes

Fully converged? no Approximate Error

Refine?

no

yes Update node positions

Refine mesh one level

Output solution

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0.3

0.4

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0.2

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0.2

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0.2

0.3

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