Vulnerability of marine mammals to projected climate ... - Camille Albouy
Conservation management should focus on Walrus and Polar Bears since their extinction might induce a great loss in evolutionary heritage and alter ecosystem ...
Vulnerability of marine mammals to projected climate change: Potential consequences for the phylogenetic and functional biodiversity components 1 Camille Albouy , 1Laboratoire
Valentine
2 Delattre ,
Séverine
3 Boyer
, Fabien
2 Leprieur
d’écologie théorique, université du Québec à Rimouski, QC, Canada 2 Laboratoire ECOSYM, Montpellier, France 3 Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Mont-Joli, QC, Canada
INTRODUCTION Growing evidence suggests that climate change is currently threatening marine biota. However, a global assessment of marine mammal vulnerability to climate change is currently lacking while 37 % of marine mammal species are included in the IUCN Red List. In this study, we built a vulnerability index that combine the intrinsic sensitivity of each species to climate change and their degree of exposure according to different scenarios of climate change. We explored the potential impact of climate change-driven extinctions on the functional and phylogenetic components of marine mammal biodiversity
MATERIAL and METHODS Intrinsic sensitivity to climate change 128 species, 15 traits covering the 5 major functions (feeding, habitat, reproduction, social behavior and biology) were used in our analyses. Each trait was considered as ordinal variable in order to quantify the degree to which a species may respond to climate change. The sum of all trait values were then divided by the maximum sensitivity value in order to set the sensitivity index between 0 and 1 for each considered species. Exposure and Vulnerability to climate change
RESULTS
S V E
The mean value of sensitivity is 0.60 and the Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) appear to be the most sensitive species to climate change. Exposure index ranges from 0 (not exposed to climate change) to 1.16 (most exposed to climate change) for RCP8.5 averaging 0.18. For exposure based on RCP8.5, Bearded seals would be the most exposed to climate change. Vulnerability ranges from 0 to 1.01 for RCP8.5. Mean vulnerability is 0.12 and only 5 to 12% might be strongly vulnerable (V > 0.6; Fig. 3). Vulnerability rankings based on either RCP2.6 or RCP8.5 emissions scenarios show strong correlation (ρ=0.60, p-value
Page 1 ..... calculated taking the relative biomass of each species in their trophic group into ..... tween this index and maturity ranking across the 41. Ecopath ...
Hijmans, R.J., Cameron, S.E., Parra, J.L., Jones, P.G., Jarvis, A., 2005. Very high · resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. Int. J. Climat. 25,.
The Wise Girls Guide to Stretching Money by J. J. Nocco download pdf ... Rheology of Biological Soft Matter: Fundamentals and Applications (Soft and Biological ...
We compiled the geographical distribution of endemic (n=81) and exotic fishes ... ecological interactions between endemic and exotic fishes are more likely to.
Apr 18, 2004 - wildlife species including chinkara gazelle (Gazella bennettii). The only ... ensure maximum protection of the released animals. Liaison and ...
Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement. (LSCE-IPSL) CNRS/CEA/UVSQ, Centre d'Ãtude de Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, 91191. Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
The North Water (NOW), located between Greenland and Ellesmere. Island (Canadian Arctic), is one of the largest and most productive polynyas in the Northern ...
This results in biogeochemical regions which present distinct environmental profiles. ... Once such clusters are defined, their environmental envelopes can be ...
energy fluxes, river discharges and water exchanges with the ..... Mediterranean maps showing the net differences in: (a) mean sea surface temperature (SST, ° C); (b) fish species richness; ..... stream fish assemblages under climate change.
finely porous spaces between cellulose fibers in the wall. Capillarity (a ...... of liquids. Sci. Am. 227:58- 71. 2. Baas. P. 1973. The wood anatomical range of llex ...
The Mediterranean Sea is a hotspot of biodiversity, and climate warming is expected to have a significant ...... (2010) Towards a general framework for defining.
Plants have evolved a water-transport system that relies on water sustaining a .... Making observations on living, ..... pots under laboratory conditions at the SLS facility. .... olution) connected to a computer with a custom program recording flow
Two techniques were used to assess the extent of embolisms in the xylem. Air ..... The good agreement between the pressure chamber and the air-drying ...
measurements, sample length and mean diameter were measured to calculate the .... Lines are polynomial fits through the means, bars are 95% confidence ...
catchment of interest. In the present study an ensemble of six regional climate model (RCM) simulations ... RCM simulations project a decrease in surface water resources during the extended winter season. (November to ... (2005) formula.
Jun 3, 2016 - simulation of ambient changes at the original location. .... and drought period (Table 1). Finally, the ... this period survival rates were stable.
1 Biology Department, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei, SE Asia. 2 Aiken ... est impact on forest function and dynamics. To place our.
social vulnerability to climate change in three hot spots. (deltas, semi-arid ..... the names of regions and countries, as per the CARIAA classification; and (3) 'vul-.
Nov 21, 2012 - hydraulic safety margins against injurious levels of drought stress and therefore ... Cavitation, a phase change from liquid water to vapour, occurs in .... is compressed to less negative Y50, suggesting that low embolism res-.
segment on a leaf area basis, and was calculated from: K, ^ K.J A,, ... shown in Table I together with T, ^'â and T,, at ..... The results of this calculation are shown in.
