Vulnerability of marine mammals to projected climate ... - Camille Albouy
Conservation management should focus on Walrus and Polar Bears since their extinction might induce a great loss in evolutionary heritage and alter ecosystem ...
Vulnerability of marine mammals to projected climate change: Potential consequences for the phylogenetic and functional biodiversity components 1 Camille Albouy , 1Laboratoire
Valentine
2 Delattre ,
Séverine
3 Boyer
, Fabien
2 Leprieur
d’écologie théorique, université du Québec à Rimouski, QC, Canada 2 Laboratoire ECOSYM, Montpellier, France 3 Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Mont-Joli, QC, Canada
INTRODUCTION Growing evidence suggests that climate change is currently threatening marine biota. However, a global assessment of marine mammal vulnerability to climate change is currently lacking while 37 % of marine mammal species are included in the IUCN Red List. In this study, we built a vulnerability index that combine the intrinsic sensitivity of each species to climate change and their degree of exposure according to different scenarios of climate change. We explored the potential impact of climate change-driven extinctions on the functional and phylogenetic components of marine mammal biodiversity
MATERIAL and METHODS Intrinsic sensitivity to climate change 128 species, 15 traits covering the 5 major functions (feeding, habitat, reproduction, social behavior and biology) were used in our analyses. Each trait was considered as ordinal variable in order to quantify the degree to which a species may respond to climate change. The sum of all trait values were then divided by the maximum sensitivity value in order to set the sensitivity index between 0 and 1 for each considered species. Exposure and Vulnerability to climate change
RESULTS
S V E
The mean value of sensitivity is 0.60 and the Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) appear to be the most sensitive species to climate change. Exposure index ranges from 0 (not exposed to climate change) to 1.16 (most exposed to climate change) for RCP8.5 averaging 0.18. For exposure based on RCP8.5, Bearded seals would be the most exposed to climate change. Vulnerability ranges from 0 to 1.01 for RCP8.5. Mean vulnerability is 0.12 and only 5 to 12% might be strongly vulnerable (V > 0.6; Fig. 3). Vulnerability rankings based on either RCP2.6 or RCP8.5 emissions scenarios show strong correlation (ρ=0.60, p-value
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