Presented to:
7th European Micro Air Vehicle Conference and Flight Competition Toulouse, France
US Army Science & Technology Challenges for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Approved for Public Release. Distribution is unlimited. Review completed by the AMRDEC Public Affairs Office on 11 Sep 07. FN3288.
Presented by:
Dr. Suzy Young
17 September 2007
Director Advanced Science & Technology Directorate Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center
S&T Chain of Command + The Honorable Claude M. Bolton, Jr. ASA(ALT)
“the AAE”
CSA GEN Casey
LTG N. Ross Thompson, III Military Deputy ASA(ALT)
Deputy Assistant Secretary For Research & Technology / Chief Scientist Dr. Thomas Killion DAS(R&T) SES Ms. Mary Miller Director Technology SES
6.2 – 6.3
Dr. John Parmentola Director Research & Lab Mgt SES
AMC GEN Griffin AMCOM MG Myles RDECOM MG Robinson PEO AV Mr. Bogosian
PEO M&S BG Dellarocco
6.1
AMRDEC Dr. McCorkle (SES) Director Advanced Science & Technology Directorate Dr. Young
S&T Funding 2
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AMRDEC Organizational Relationships Department of the Army (DA) Aviation & Missile Research, Development and Engineering Center (AMRDEC)
Command Matrix
Army Material Command (AMC)
Research, Development, and Engineering Command (RDECOM)
Aviation & Missile Life Cycle Management Command (AMCOM)
PEO Aviation
Aviation and Missile RDEC (AMRDEC)
PEO Missiles & Space
Missile Defense Agency
Redstone Technical Test Center
Marshall Space Flight Center (NASA)
Redstone Arsenal 3
Functional
53 Other Tenant Activities Approved for Public Release
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AMRDEC Mission
1) Manage and conduct research, exploratory and advanced development 2) Provide one-stop life cycle engineering and scientific support for aviation and missile weapon systems and UAS/UGV platforms AMRDEC HQ Redstone Arsenal Huntsville, AL
• Missile R&D • Aviation & Missile Systems Eng • Aviation & Missile Sustainment Eng and Field Support
Joint Research Program Office Huntsville, AL
NASA Langley Hampton, VA
Aviation Applied Technology Directorate Ft. Eustis, VA Aeroflightdynamics Directorate NASA Ames–Moffett Field, CA
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Rotor Tip Vortices
• Aviation R&D
• Aviation Systems Eng and SOF Support
Model and DGV System in Tunnel
Raw DGV Data Smoke Image
• Aviation R&D
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Focus: Lifecycle Support
AMRDEC provides… Scientific & Engineering
Expertise and Support to PEO’s, PM’s, and Users Across the Full System Lifecycle S&T Program Development
Concept Refinement
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Future Systems Development
Technology Development ATO(D) ATD
Fielded Systems Support
System Development/ Demonstration
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Production/ Ops Support
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Unmanned Systems: Scope of Effort Accelerate the Shift From This…
UAS & UGV Systems Treated Separately in All Life Cycle Phases
…To This…
Integrated Approach to Unmanned Systems Research and Development
Promotes Common Controls, Data-links, Payloads, Architecture, Training, & Logistics…Cost Effective Solution 6
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The UAS Family of Systems Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)
Warrior Class IV Class III
Hunter
Fire Scout
Class I
Class II Interoperability
Shadow 3500 ft
MULE-T
MULE-C
Multifunction Utility/ Logistics and Equipment Countermine and Transport
Raven
Small (Manpackable) UGV
MAV
OSGCS
OSRVT
OSGCS – One System Ground Control Station 7OSRVT – One System Remote Video Terminal
Armed Robotic Vehicle – Assault (Light) (ARV-A (L))
Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV)
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Expanding Missions Area Security
Route Recon IED Operations
Direct Attack/Targeting Forest Fire Support
Border Patrol Civil Support/ Weapons of Mass Destruction Teams
Law Enforcement Nuclear Facility Security
Agro/Bio Terrorism Port Surveillance
Pipeline Surveillance CBRNE Communications Relay Counter Drug
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Maritime Surveillance
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Focus Areas in Support of the Warfighter • Support OPTEMPO (10-12 times norm) • Rapid Acquisition Fielding/Best Technology Forward • Interoperability, commonality, and standardization • Reduce accident rates by 50% each year • Weaponization • Counter UAS • Flights in the NAS/Homeland Security Support • Manned Unmanned (MUM) Teaming
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Warfighter Needs Aviation Capability Gaps* 1. Operational availability / mission reliability / logistical support / parts obsolescence 2. Aviation survivability against unpredictable and hard to detect threats 3. Communications (extended distances, jamming environment) 4. Aircraft flight performance (range / lift / endurance) 5. Safe operations in obscured conditions and complex terrain 6. RSTA operations (target identification / excessive reporting timelines) 7. A2C2 and air traffic service deployability, supportability, interoperability 8. Effective aviation operations in high task loaded environment (extended mission durations, NBC, UAS control, etc) 9. Mounted vertical maneuver with FCS-sized loads 10. Aviation weapon system range, lethality, accuracy, flexibility
*Aviation gaps are operational in nature and may not require significant S&T efforts. 10
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Aviation S&T Enabling Capabilities Priority Areas: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
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System reliability improvements, cost / footprint reductions Improved detection / reaction time against threats Lighter weight, more affordable Aircraft Survivability Equipment (ASE) Sufficient bandwidth / capability / compatibility to meet communications requirements (includes data / imagery transmission and UAS control) Highly efficient and more powerful engines Improved powertrain, lift generation, and control systems Enhanced pilotage and situational awareness Target acquisition and identification at survivable standoff ranges Manned and unmanned teaming enhancements / improved UAS autonomy Real-time deconfliction of airspace Range and mission duration consistent with future operations Affordable, durable, repairable airframes (Next Generation Future Systems) Flight controls and rotors capable of efficiently generating lift and providing optimized flight control and performance across the range of Army aviation aircraft and missions
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AMRDEC Technologies to Support UAS •
•
•
• • • • • •
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Payloads – Video / on-board processing / data compression – Sensors – Comms relay – Detection and identification of enemy threats – SAR / SIGINT / lower echelons – Weaponization Propulsion / Drive Systems – High reliability heavy fuel engine – High reliability electric motors Condition Based Maintenance – Health and usage monitoring of critical components – Reduction of mishaps and supportability costs Counter UAS Manned and Unmanned teaming / autonomous collaborative operations Survivability Networking Flight in NAS Joint / Interagency / Multi-National (JIM)
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UAS Technology Development What Are We Looking For? • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
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Small Heavy Fuel Engine (HFE) Improved sensors / acquisition / targeting Increased autonomous capabilities Smaller, lighter, cheaper components VTOL improvements (MAV) Ground Control Station improvements / human factors Datalink / Comms Reduce logistics footprint Maximize diagnostics / prognostics Networking / teaming GEO registration / location / TLE Training and CONOPS Lightweight munitions and launchers All weather capability ESAD for munitions Sense and avoid Modular designs
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Ground Rules
• • • • • • • • •
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Leverage activities / common goals Reduce duplications Cost avoidance Relevance to Army capability gaps / needs Dealing with flat line funding Blended unmanned capabilities Standardization Reliability Considers a systems approach
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In Current Operations What is important? • • • • • •
Information Response Time Improvements in situational awareness at the smallest unit level All weather, day/night Portable Low signature
Raven UAV
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How Does the Micro UAV Meet Those Military Requirements? • •
•
•
•
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Real world scenarios are driving requirements of MAV development and fielding Accomplish unique military missions, particularly the hover and stare capability in restricted (e.g urban) environments to provide real-time combat information – “Perch and stare” (the ability to land and continue to collect data) – Unlike unattended ground sensors, the MAV retains the ability to take-off and fly to another location, or to follow something of interest that is moving Employable in a variety of warfighting environments (for example: in complex topologies such as mountainous terrain; urban areas; confined spaces; and high concentrations of civilians) FCS Class I Unconventional operations DARPA (Honeywell) Micro UAV – Natural disaster observation – Indoor and outdoor – Border patrol Affordable back-packable systems suitable for dismounted soldier, Marine, and Special Forces missions
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Micro UAV Technical Challenges • • • • • • • • • • • •
Need for lighter surveillance solutions Materials (wood, plastic, laminate, metal, etc) Payloads/Comms Simple avionics/flight control More intense integration Do more with less Position accuracy must be better Higher bandwidth required of navigation systems Unique flying techniques Endurance improvements All weather capabilities Power and propulsion
Micro-UAV Tested by USMC and Navy
Effective integration into DoD operations is the ultimate goal of these MAV/UAS developmental activities. 17
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Size Matters
Range / Loiter / Endurance Lightweight / Efficient High Density
Ruggedness / Reliability / Durability
Development / Manufacturing
Mission Capabilities / Complexity
Communication / Navigation
Aerodynamics / Control
MEMS Portability
Autonomous Requirements Security
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Summary • •
•
Aviation S&T A balanced focus that – Emphasizes operations support & sustainment (cost reductions) – Maintains focus on improved aircraft / aircrew survivability – Delivers technologies for current fleet upgrades – Develops & matures technologies to enable transformation to future fleet – Advances future concepts AMRDEC UAS/MAV S&T Raven – Ensure AMRDEC efforts are supporting PM UAS/TCM needs – Ensure S&T efforts satisfy operational gaps – Ensure correct players are involved – Avoid duplication of efforts / minimize redundancy / focus efforts – Potential for new and innovative S&T ideas
MAV
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Shadow Predator / Hellfire
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•
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Back Up Charts
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HSKT ACTD Overview Concept
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supports search by MUM 1 ISR team; provide strike ACFT C&C
Strike/CAS ACFT downloads target coordinates, releases weapon
LINK-16
Hunter UAS: Precision Target Location
Link 16
Combat Team 3 Brigade (BCT) Commander option to attack with organic fires or Strike/CAS ACFT
detects, tracks & 2 AH-64 locates target with UAS
Legend
5 Target destroyed…
Link 16 TCDL
immediate BDA to CDR 21
IDM
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FY07 Efforts •
UAV Laser Designation / Weaponization Follow –On Effort (ERMP)
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Common Handheld Controller Weaponized
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Emergency Operations Center Simulation Environment 911 Call Center
VSTUS III – Low-Cost Stabilized Gimbal UAV
SUAV Operator SUAV Ground Station
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Playbook Control of Multiple, Weaponized UAVs
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Low Cost, Weaponized SUAS
TM
MUSE/AFSERS Console
•
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Multiple Unified Simulation Environment (MUSE) Weaponization
Sim I/F Digital Payload C2/Display
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C4I
W A R F I G H T E R I M P A C T
Weapons Launch
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Quick-MEDS / Quick-STRIKE Capability Re-supply Mission: (Quick-MEDS) Real Time Delivery of Critical Items Payload Configurations: Class I: MREs, Water Class II: Equipment, Tools Class V: Ammo, Explosives Class VIII: Medical Class IX: Batteries Class X(A): Aircraft Repair Parts
Strike Mission: (Quick-STRIKE) Engage Targets of Opportunity Payload Configurations: Shaped Charge/EFP Warhead Armor
Fragmentation Warhead Light Armor/Personnel Penetration Warhead Buildings Kinetic Energy (Rod) Warhead Low Collateral Damage Special Effects Warhead Multiple Defeat Mechanisms
PAYLOAD
Non-Lethal Warhead Crowd Control
Multi-Mission Modularity Example
Modular Multi-Mission = Payload Capability
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