TRB AFF00 Structures Section Top 2005 Problem Statements Presented to
AASHTO HSCOBS T-11, Technical Committee for Research by
Mary Lou Ralls, P.E. Chair, AFF00 June 28, 2005 1
TRB AFF10, General Structures & TRB AFF20, Steel Bridges: Guidelines for the Design and Construction of Steel Orthotropic Deck Bridges GOAL: Steel orthotropic decks with minimum 75-
year service life and minimum maintenance NEEDED: Guidelines that can be used without
specialist design effort and custom research to produce satisfactory results; compilation of latest laboratory testing, field testing, and analytical studies (e.g., on wearing surfaces, fatigue, loading, overall behavior, fabrication) 2
TRB AFF10, General Structures & TRB AFF20, Steel Bridges: Guidelines for the Design and Construction of Steel Orthotropic Deck Bridges, continued READINESS: Increased concern about variable
behavior of deck system; international interest in research collaboration; increased need for rapid lightweight deck construction and replacement PRODUCT: Design and construction guidelines
for steel orthotropic bridge decks FUNDING / PERIOD: $450,000 / 33 months GRAND CHALLENGE: 2, Optimizing Structural
Systems
3
TRB AFF30, Concrete Bridges: Analysis and Control of Cracking at Ends of Pretensioned Concrete Girders GOAL: Pretensioned concrete beams with no end
cracking of concern NEEDED: Understanding of the primary causes
of end cracking and what level of end cracking is acceptable or repairable
4
TRB AFF30, Concrete Bridges: Analysis and Control of Cracking at Ends of Pretensioned Concrete Girders, continued READINESS: Cracking more prevalent with
today’s beams - higher strength concrete, deeper, and significantly higher prestress forces PRODUCT: Recommendations for design and
production practice to eliminate or reduce end cracking; guidelines and specifications for acceptance and repair of end cracking FUNDING / PERIOD: $300,000 / 24 months GRAND CHALLENGE: 1, Extending Service Life 5
TRB AFF40, Dynamics and Field Testing of Bridges: Remote Structure Monitoring Techniques for Health Monitoring GOAL: The ability to continuously and
economically monitor condition of complex bridges and detect damage at earliest possible stage (e.g., to monitor scour, substructure movement, cracking, seismic damage, corrosion, overloads, etc.) NEEDED: Remote systems that eliminate hard-
wire communication and its maintenance, for improved reliability in monitoring complex bridges 6
TRB AFF40, Dynamics and Field Testing of Bridges: Remote Structure Monitoring Techniques for Health Monitoring, continued READINESS: Significant advancements have
occurred in sensors, computer technology, and post-processing algorithms PRODUCT: Guide for use of remote state-of-the-
art technologies for short- and long-term health monitoring of complex bridges FUNDING / PERIOD: $250,000 / 20 months GRAND CHALLENGE: 5, Monitoring Bridge
Condition
7
TRB AFF50, Seismic Design of Bridges: Development of Design Strategies for Bridges Crossing Active Earthquake Faults GOAL: Bridges with minimum 75-year service
life and minimum maintenance in seismic regions NEEDED: Guidelines for design of bridges across
active faults to survive major earthquakes and large fault displacements (translational and vertical), with passage of emergency vehicles as a minimum 8
TRB AFF50, Seismic Design of Bridges: Development of Design Strategies for Bridges Crossing Active Earthquake Faults, continued READINESS: Interest due to recent Turkey and
Taiwan bridge failures with details similar to current U.S. practice; potential for success demonstrated by survival of trans-Alaska oil pipeline to recent earthquake PRODUCT: Design standards and manual of
practice for bridges crossing active faults FUNDING / PERIOD: $500,000 / 36-42 months GRAND CHALLENGE: 2, Optimizing Structural
Systems
9
TRB AFF60, Tunnels and Underground Structures: Improved Contracting Practices for Underground Construction GOAL: Tunnel projects that come in on time and
under budget NEEDED: Improved underground construction
contracting practices that take advantage of the lessons learned since 1974 publication currently used
10
TRB AFF60, Tunnels and Underground Structures: Improved Contracting Practices for Underground Construction, continued READINESS: Interest from American
Underground-Construction Association to collaborate to increase efficiency and reduce industry confusion and costs PRODUCT: Updated manual on underground
construction contracting practices FUNDING / PERIOD: $250,000 / 18 months GRAND CHALLENGE: 3, Accelerating
Construction
11
TRB AFF70, Culverts and Hydraulic Structures: Use of Field-Measured Soil Stiffness in Culvert Backfill Installation Quality Control GOAL: Optimum performance of complex buried
soil-pipe systems NEEDED: Correlation of field gage soil-stiffness
measurements with laboratory stiffness and other data, to assess suitability of lightweight portable gages; updated construction installation specifications that utilize field-measured soil stiffness of embedment and backfill material to verify structural suitability 12
TRB AFF70, Culverts and Hydraulic Structures: Use of Field-Measured Soil Stiffness in Culvert Backfill Installation Quality Control, continued READINESS: Research for better understanding
of complex buried soil-pipe systems; lightweight portable gages available for rapid measurements PRODUCT: Standard test method and
specifications for use of field-measured soil stiffness in pipe backfill installations FUNDING / PERIOD: $250,000 / 24 months GRAND CHALLENGE: 2, Optimizing Structural
Systems
13
TRB AFF80, Fiber-Reinforced Polymers: Rapid Construction of Prefabricated Substructure Systems for Durable and Sustainable Bridges GOAL: Prefabricated hybrid concrete/FRP
substructure systems with minimum 75-year service life and minimum maintenance NEEDED: Innovative prefabricated concrete-
filled FRP-tube substructures, with durable connection details and FRP acting as formwork, structural reinforcement, and environmental protective jacket for concrete 14
TRB AFF80, Fiber-Reinforced Polymers: Rapid Construction of Prefabricated Substructure Systems for Durable and Sustainable Bridges, continued READINESS: Increased need for rapid
construction; research findings show potential; recent construction projects with SIP FRP forms PRODUCT: Design and construction guidelines
and specifications for prefabricated concrete-filled FRP-tube substructure systems FUNDING / PERIOD: $600,000 / 30 months GRAND CHALLENGE: 2, Optimizing Structural
Systems
15
TRB AFH70, Fabrication and Inspection of Metal Structures: Improved Non-Destructive Evaluation of Full Penetration Steel Bridge Welds GOAL: Full-penetration weld non-destructive
evaluation (NDE) techniques that are optimized for service and production NEEDED: Weld metal quality that is suitable for
in-service performance of steel bridge splices; comparison of quality measurement by radiography (RT) and ultrasonic testing (UT); suitability of automatic and semi-automatic UT; optimal NDE sampling rate 16
TRB AFH70, Fabrication and Inspection of Metal Structures: Improved Non-Destructive Evaluation of Full Penetration Steel Bridge Welds, continued READINESS: Automatic and semi-automatic UT
techniques are mature and use in other industries including overseas bridge fabricators PRODUCT: Serviceability-based acceptance /
rejection criteria; guidelines for use of semiautomatic UT inspection; sampling criteria FUNDING / PERIOD: $600,000 / 36 months GRAND CHALLENGE: 2, Optimizing Structural
Systems
17
Bridge Information Modeling for the Lifecycle GOAL: 3D design that generates a data model for
improved design, fabrication, construction and maintenance NEEDED: Bridge unified modeling language
(bridgeUML) diagrams and corresponding bridge extensible markup language (bridgeXML) schema to support electronic data exchange for interoperability throughout the design, fabrication, erection, and in-service functions
18
Bridge Information Modeling for the Lifecycle, continued READINESS: Modeling and data transfer is used
in other structures arenas; industry wants to development technology for the bridge market PRODUCT: Unified Modeling Language (UML)
data model for bridges; bridgeXML schema for the bridge life-cycle FUNDING / PERIOD: 4 years / $600,000 GRAND CHALLENGE: 3, Accelerating
Construction; 5 Monitoring Condition 19