Federating The International UAS Community
MAV 2007 Toulouse, France – Sept 18, 2007 UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS : The Global Perspective
Peter van Blyenburgh
Slide 01/37
Sept 18, 2007
What is UVS International
1997
Federating The International UAS Community
Non-profit association founded in Paris, France as Euro UVS
1999
EURO UVS is registered in Den Haag, The Netherlands
2004
Changed its name to UVS International – Global Scope
2007
254 Corporate & Institutional Members in 34 countries 108 Honorary Members from 24 countries & 7 international organizations Operates: Out of offices in Paris, France
Contact details
Slide 2/21 Slide 02/37
86 rue Michel-Ange, 75016 Paris, France Tel.: 33-1-46.51.88.65 - Fax: 33-1-46.51.05.22
[email protected] -
[email protected] www.uvs-international.org - www.uvs-info.com Sept 18, 2007
MEMBERS IN 34 COUNTRIES
Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Botswana Canada Czech Rep. Denmark Finland France Germany
Greece Hungary India Indonesia Israel Italy Japan Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Norway Portugal Russian Fed.
Singapore South Africa South Korea Spain Sweden Switzerland Tunisia Turkey UK Ukraine USA
= Honorary Mbrs = reps of national military & CAAs + EASA + EDA + EUROCONTROL + FAA + NATO = Corporate Members Partner Organizations
Slide 03/37
Working Group UAV DACH z
z Creation instigated by UVSI
- AESiNT, Spain z - ALV, Czech Rep. - AVSB, Czech Rep. z - CGArm, France - Eurocontrol Exp. Centre - INTELI, Portugal - Japan UAV Association z - PEMA UAV, Portugal - UAVS, UK - UVS Canada z - UVS N. Zealand Australia z
Federating The International UAS Community
Member of RTCA SC 203
Mutual Memberships - ATCA, USA - EUGIN, Belgium - EUROCAE, France - European Institute, USA Sept 18, 2007
What is an UAS
Unmanned aircraft (UA)
An aircraft designed to operate with no human pilot on board.
Unmanned aircraft system (UAS)
UAS elements
Slide 04/37
Federating The International UAS Community
An unmanned aircraft system comprises the unmanned aircraft (UA), system elements necessary to enable the taxiing, take-off/launch, flight and recovery/landing of UA, and the elements required to accomplish its mission objectives.
- Control stations - Software - Health monitoring - Communication links - Data terminals (payload exploitation) - Payload (s) - Launch & recovery systems - Flight termination systems - Ground support & maintenance equipment - Power generation, distribution & supply - Air traffic control communications equipment (voice & data) - Handling, storage & transport equipment - All required documentation related to aforementioned Sept 18, 2007
UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (UAS) IN ECONOMIC CONTEXT
Federating The International UAS Community
Various studies highlight the importance of unmanned aircraft systems in the coming 20 years :
• (Frost & Sullivan): the European civil UAS market will be worth €100 million ($127 million) annually by 2010 and €270 million ($344 million) by 2015.
• (Teal Group’s 2005-2006 “World Unmanned Vehicle Systems”): the market will more than double over the next decade, from current worldwide UAS expenditures of about $2 billion in 2005 to $4.5 billion in 2014. UVS International has referenced 263 manufacturers in 48 countries developing/producing 789 UAS – See 2007 UAS Yearbook & www.uvs-info.com
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Sept 18, 2007
Federating The International UAS Community
UAS REFERENCED Applications
Qnty
%
Civil/Commercial
61
8
Military
491
62
Dual Purpose
117
15
Research UAS
40
5
Developmental aircraft
269
34
Total Nr UAS Referenced
789
Incl. teamed efforts
Nr of Producers/Developers
263
See 2007 UAS Yearbook for details
Nr of Countries Slide 06/37
48 Sept 18, 2007
Federating The International UAS Community
UAS REFERENCED
UAS Development Status
Proof of concept/demonstrator In inventory and/or in service Ordered/entering in service Ordered as test/demo system Development continuing No longer in production Developed & market ready
Slide 07/37
2005
2006
2007
85 134 8 29 310 17 72
150 100 8 38 333 39 95
230 110 7 45 470 40 119
Sept 18, 2007
CATEGORIES For differentiation of systems under development or currently existing. Not for certification purposes. Mass μ Mini CR SR MR MRE LADP LALE MALE
Micro (μ) < 5 kg Mini < 20/25/30/150 Close Range 25-150 Short Range 50-250 Medium Range 150-500 MR Endurance 500-1500 Low Alt. Deep Penetration 250-2500 Low Alt. Long Endurance 15-25 Medium Alt. Long Endur. 1000-1500
Range
Flight Alt.
Endurance
< 10 km 250 m < 10 150/250/300 10 - 30 3.000 30 - 70 3.000 70 - 200 5.000 > 500 8.000 > 250 50 - 9.000 > 500 3.000 > 500 5/8.000
1 hour 24 24 - 48
HALE High Alt. Long Endurance 2500-5000 Strato Stratospheric >2500 EXO Exo-stratospheric TBD
> 2000 > 2000 TBD
20.000 > 20.000 > 30.500
24 - 48 > 48 TBD
UCAV Unmanned combat AV LET Lethal DEC Decoys
+/- 1500 300 0 - 500
12.000 4.000 50 - 5.000
+/- 2 3-4 1000 TBD 150-500
= According to national legal restrictions Slide 08/37
Sept 18, 2007
Federating The International UAS Community
International UAS Activity 56 Countries Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Bahrain Belgium Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Canada Chile China (PR) Colombia Croatia Czech Rep. Egypt Equator Finland France
Germany Greece Hungary India Indonesia Iran Israel Italy Japan Jordan Malaysia Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Pakistan Poland Portugal
= In inventory
= Current Producers
44
42
Qatar Romania Russia Serbia Singapore South Africa South Korea Spain Sri Lanka Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Thailand Turkey UAE UK Ukraine USA
= Ongoing R&D 48
= Future Producers? 8
23 International Industrial Cooperation Developments Slide 09/37
Sept 18, 2007
Federating The International UAS Community
UAS Categories (I)
Micro (μ) Allied Aerosp., USA LADF
NRL, USA Mite
Mavionics, Germany Carolo C40
AeroVironment, USA Wasp I
Miraterra, USA DragonSlayer
Mini
Diehl, Germany SensorCopter
SurveyCopter, France Copter 1
EADS MAS, France Tracker
Elbit Systems, Israel SkyLark I
Mini
(LighterThanAir) PixScene, France Airstar Slide 10/37
Skive Aviation, Switzerland Skive
Gates Technologies, France GT AirCat Sept 18, 2007
UAS Categories (II)
Yamaha, Japan RMax II
EMT, Germany Luna
Schiebel, Austria Camcopter
Federating The International UAS Community
CybAero, Sweden CR
Close Range (CR)
Elbit Systems Israel SkyLark II
Singapore Technologies, Singapore SkyBlade II
Adv. Ceramics Research, USA Silver Fox
Short Range (SR) ATE, South Africa Vulture MK II Slide 11/37
Schiebel, Austria S-100
VTUL a PVO, Czech Rep Sojka III
Aerovision, Spain - Fulmar Sept 18, 2007
UAS Categories (III)
Federating The International UAS Community
Short Range (SR) Aurora FS, USA GoldenEye 50
AAI Corp., USA Shadow 200
BAE Systems, UK Phoenix
Sagem, France Sperwer
Rheinmetall DE, Germany KZO Slide 12/37
Yakovlev, Russia Pchela
RUAG, Switzerland Ranger
IAI-Malat Div., Israel & Northrop Grumman, USA Hunter
Sagem, France Crecerelle
Northrop Grumman, USA FireScout
Medium Range (MR)
Bell Helicopter, USA Eagle Eye Sept 18, 2007
UAS Categories (IV)
Thales, UK & Elbit Systems, Israel Watchkeeper
Denel Aerospace, S.Africa Seeker II
Sagem, France Sperwer B
Galileo Avionica, Italy Falco
IAI-Malat Div., Israel E-Hunter
Federating The International UAS Community
Medium Range Endurance (MRE)
AAI Corp, USA Shadow 600
Low Altitude Deep Penetration (LADP) EADS, France & Galileo Avionica, Italy Carapas Slide 13/37
EADS MAS France & EADS MAS Germany CL289
Galileo Avionica Italy Nibbio Sept 18, 2007
UAS Categories (V)
Boeing & InSitu Group, USA ScanEagle
General Atomics, USA Predator A
Boeing, USA A-160 Hummingbird Slide 14/37
Aerosonde (AAI), Australia Aerosonde Mk III
EADS MAS, France Eagle 1
Denel Aerospace, South Africa Bateleur
Teknisolar-Seni, France Libellule
Elbit Systems, Israel Hermes 1500
Federating The International UAS Community
Low Altitude Long Endurance (LALE)
Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE)
IAI-Malat Div., , Israel Heron TP Sept 18, 2007
UAS Categories (VI)
Federating The International UAS Community
General Atomics, USA Altair
AeroVironment, USA Global Observer
General Atomics, USA Predator B
Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE)
TGR Helicorp, New Zealand Snark EADS MAS, Germany & Northrop Grumman, USA EuroHawk
Northrop Grumman, USA Global Hawk
Slide 15/37
High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) Sept 18, 2007
UAS Categories (VII)
Federating The International UAS Community
EADS MAS, Germany Barracuda
BAE Systems, UK Corax
Dassault, France + Euro consortium Neuron
Saab, Sweden Sharc Alenia Aeronautica, Italy Sky-X
Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle (UCAV)
Boeing, USA X-45A
Northrop Grumman, USA X-47B
Boeing, USA X-46 Slide 16/37
Northrop Grumman, USA X-47A Sept 18, 2007
UAS Categories (VIII)
Sagem & ONERA, France (Stemme, Germany) Busard BAE Systems, UK (J&AS Aero Design, Poland) Herti 1D *
Herti 1A *
Boeing, USA LittleBird Slide 17/37
Excelnet, Malaysia Eagle *
Rheinmetall DE, Germany/ (Diamond, Austria) - Opale
Sirehna//Sonovia/EADS (Dyn’Aero), France MCR/Surveyor 2500
Federating The International UAS Community
Optionally Piloted Aircraft (OPA) & Converted Aircraft *
Irkut, Russia (Stemme, Germany) Irkut 850 Sept 18, 2007
Out-of-Country Military Deployments
Bosnia France UN USA
’93-’96 Crecerelle Fox AT Gnat 750 Pioneer Predator
Kosovo ’98-’99 France CL-289 Crecerelle Hunter Germany CL-289 UK Phoenix USA Hunter Pioneer Predator
Afghanistan ’01-now Canada Sperwer SkyLark France Skorpio Germany Aladin LUNA Netherlands Aladin SkyLark Sperwer U.A.E. S-100 UK DesertHawk USA Dragon Eye Global Hawk Pointer Predator Shadow 200
Kosovo ’05 Belgium Hunter
Solomon Islands ’03 Australia Aerosonde III Avatar
Australia ’01 +++ USA Global Hawk
USA
South Korea ’03 Shadow 200
Iraq ’03 -now Australia ScanEagle SkyLark Italy Predator Japan RMax Romania Shadow 600 UK DesertHawk Phoenix USA Desert Hawk DragonEye Global Hawk I.Gnat Hunter Pioneer Predator Puma Raven ScanEagle Shadow 200 SilverFox Tern Wasp Democratic Rep. of Congo ’06 Belgium Hunter
Djibouti/Yemen ’02 Predator
Angola ’03 - now IL contract Aerostar
France
Ivory Coast ’06 Skorpio
East Timor ’02 Australia Aerosonde III
Ivory Coast ’04 IL contract Aerostar
France
Lebanon ’06 Sperwer
USA
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Sept 18, 2007
WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS?
Federating The International UAS Community
Most military UAS are still “user specific” High development costs + low volume production = High acquisition cost & high ownership cost Insufficient R&D funding No standards No airworthiness norm No certification norms No ATM regulations Critical Issues : Sense & Avoid, Spectrum & Bandwidth Flight in non-segregated airspace is impossible Uncoordinated individual national initiatives Insufficient international consensus on how to proceed Result : Non-military government markets & commercial markets cannot emerge Slide 19/37
Sept 18, 2007
WHAT SHOULD BE DONE ?
Federating The International UAS Community
INDUSTRY SHOULD BE THE DYNAMO National approaches with co-operation between: - Industry - Gvmt Authorities - Stakeholder Orgs - Academia National efforts in Europe should be coordinated to form a European approach (European Vision) Approaches on both sides of the Atlantic should be coordinated Efforts to be coordinated internationally (beyond Europe & N. America) - Australia, China, India, Japan, N.Zealand, Russia, S. Africa, Singapore, UAE International approaches should be harmonized at earliest possible stage Standards - (functional requirements) to be consensually defined A common terminology in English should be defined UVS International instigates, co-ordinates, federates & makes information available Slide 20/37
Sept 18, 2007
Federating The International UAS Community
EUROPEAN STAKEHOLDERS
• • • • • •
Civilian Orgs
Military Orgs
GD Enterprise GD TREN GD Research EASA EUROCONTROL JAA
• EDA – Euro. Defence Agency • EMAAG - Euro Military Aviation Authorities Group • JMAG - Joint Military Airworthiness Group • NATO: - AG7FINAS - J.Cap.Grp on UAVs - JAPCC - NATMC • OCCAR • … etc
Multi-Nat. Orgs • • • • • • • • • • • • •
AEA CANSO ERA EREA EUGIN Eurocockpit Assn. Europe Air Sport IATA IFALPA IFATCA IOPA SESAR ExecCom …etc
Slide 21/37
National Orgs Min. of Transport Min. of Interior Min. of Defence Air Navigation Service Providers • CAAs • Model A/C Assn. • Technology Platforms - ASTRAEA, UK - NIMUP, Netherlands - PLATINO, Spain • …etc
• • • •
Prof. Orgs & WGs • ASD
• EUROCAE WG73 • Euro Air Sports Assn. • (Multi)-National WGs - UAV DACH, A+ CH + CH + NL - UAV Germany, D - Castor, Sweden • National Assns: - AESiNT, Spain - AVBS, Czech Rep. - PEMA UAV, Portugal - UAVS, UK - Ass. of Aerospace Universities, UK
Existing Multi-National Tech. Platforms • • • • •
ACARE ERTRAC EUROP SESAR …etc
Research Industry 20/27 Countries
• Competence poles & Centres of excellence • Academia Sept 18, 2007
EUROPEAN INSTITUTIONAL UAS-RELATED ACTIVITIES NATIONAL Austria CAA & Min. of Interior Czech Rep Min. of Transport & CAA Finland - FDF & CAA - Artic Test Range ACADEMIC France - DGA-CEV - USAR-FW - USAR-VTOL NATIONAL: - DGA (MoD) UAV-REG z - Belgium - DGAC (CAA) NAVDROC z - Bulgaria - Min. of Interior - Czech Rep. Germany - BWB-WTD - France - Min. of Transport & DFS - Germany - UAV Germany NTP - Greece Italy - DGAA & ENAC - Italy Netherlds - NIMUP NTP - Netherlands - RNLAF - Poland Spain PLATINO NTP - Portugal Sweden - FMV & CAA UAV Vision - Romania - Saab & LFV Castor - Spain Switzerl. - CAA & Swiss AF - Sweden - Min. of Interior - Switzerland UK - ASTRAEA NTP - UK - CAA-DAP CAP722 - DoT & NATS MULTI-NATIONAL: - MoD-DPA France & Germany - ParcAberporth - RAF UAV Battle Lab Fragmented Situation - UAVS Association Slide 22/37
NTP = National Techn. Platform
MULTI-NATIONAL ASD CANSO EASA EC-DGTREN ECAP EDA
ASG-UAV WG UAV WG A.NPA INOUI Programme Certification Group - C&C + S&A studies - Staff rqmt study z
EMAAG ETAP Certification WG EUROCAE WG-73 on UAS Eurocontrol - ANT - UAV-OAT TF Eurocontrol Experimental Centre ICAO Informal WG on UAS JAA/Eurcontrol UAV TF JMAG (now includes ETAP) NATO - AG7 FINAS - FINAS-USAR-ST - JAPCC - NATMC - RTO SESAR UAV DACH (A, CH, D, NL) USEP Security & Environt
z Contracts awarded to UVSI
Instigated by UVSI Coordinated by UVSI Sept 18, 2007
NON-EUROPEAN INSTITUTIONAL UAS-RELATED ACTIVITIES AIAA Inst. of Aeronautics & Astronautics USA Fragmented Situation OTHER COUNTRIES Australia - CASA - Civil Aviation Safety Authority - Department of National Defence - Defence Science & Technology Org. - University Initiatives Canada - CCUVS – Canadian Centre for UVS - DND – Department of National Defence - TC – Transport Canada - UVS Canada Japan - JAAA - Japan Agricultural Aviation Auth. - CAA - JAXA - Jap. Aerospace Exploration Agncy - Japan UAV Assn. India Min. of Defence & CAA & NASP N.Zealand UVS NZA Assn. & CAA Russia Min. of Emergency Situations (ERMERCOM) Singapore - Defence Science & Technology Agency - Min. of Defence & CAA S. Africa Min. of Defence & CAA S. Korea Korea Aerospace Industries Assn. KARI – Korea Aerospace Research Inst. UAE - CAA & UAE Air Force - UAV Centre of Excellence Slide 23/37
AIA Aerospace Industries Assn. AOPA Aircraft Owners & Pilots Assn. ATCA Air Traffic Control Assn. DARPA DHS Department of Homeland Security: - US Coast Guard DOC Department of Commerce : - NOAA – Nat. Oceanic & Atmos. Adm. DOD Department of Defense: - OSD (Office of Secretary of Defense) - Policy Board on Federal Aviation - US Army & US Army Research Lab - US Air Force & USAF Research Lab - US Navy & Navy Research Lab DOT Department of Transport : - FAA UAS Program Office JPDO Joint Planning & Development Org. JIPT Joint Integrated Project Team (US Army, US Air Force, US Navy): - Near Term: Advance COAs - Long Term: Access to the NAS NASA AMES & NASA DFRC NGATS Next Generation Air Traffic System Standards Organizations : - ASTM & RTCA & SAE University Initiatives : - NMSU-PSL-TAAC UNITE - UAV National Industry Team (activity has ceased) Sept 18, 2007
UAV Systems for Security & Environmental Purposes - 1
Purpose
Instigated by
European inter-governmental assessment of the technical & economical convergence between military, security & civil UAV system applications Conseil Général de l’Armement (French MoD think-tank)
Start
September 2005
Conclusion
2nd quarter 2007
Coordinator
UVS International
Slide 24/37
Sept 18, 2007
UAV Systems for Security & Environmental Purposes - 2 In co-ordination with participating European Union government authorities and with non-competitive inputs from industry:
1
Create, or increase, the awareness with national governmental entities of the potential offered by UAS
2
Co-ordinate a European drive to jointly identify, document and evaluate: - Operational Needs - Technical Issues - Organizational & Strategy Issues
3
Identify the required types of UAS & evaluate the necessary funding required to make it possible to use State & non-State UAS for non-military purposes with societal benefits in European non-segregated airspace.
Conclusion Slide 25/37
Published by UVS International in June 2007 Sept 18, 2007
UAS Segmentation
Micro UAS (MTOW 1,5 kg & 500 kg) UCAV
Slide 26/37
Specifically designed for combat missions Falls outside of the scope of the USEP study
Sept 18, 2007
Operational Scenarios
Generic scenarios defined in discussions with potential EU users CIVIL APPLICATIONS
47
- Customs Authorities 4 - Police Authorities 18 - Civil Security 9 - Environmental 9 - Flight Services 7 (supplied by civil service providers) MILITARY APPLICATIONS Total
Slide 27/37
9 56 Scenarios
Sept 18, 2007
Civil UAS Applications
Customs Authorities Coastal patrol On-shore border patrol EU maritime surveillance EU on-shore border patrol Civil Security Avalanche survivor search Coastal water surveillance Maritime search & rescue EU Civil Security Maritime surveillance Regional Fire Brigade Forest fire surveillance National Fire Brigade Forest fire surveillance Natural disaster monitoring
Slide 28/37
Civil Security & National Police Contamination measurement Combing ops Natural disaster monitoring Emergency medical/food supply
Environmental Local science missions Small atmospheric measuremts Wild game surveillance Fishery control Ozone measurements Weather assessment Crop monitoring Sandbank shift measurement Glacier & ice cap monitoring
Police Authorities Information gathering (in buildings) Special ops, anti-terrorist Urban law enforcement Pre-intervention info gathering Urban riot control Perimeter defence Hostile protest control Criminal investigation (several days) Surveillance of public gatherings Road traffic surveillance Delivery of non-lethal disabling means Coastal border immigration control Ship lane surveillance Permanent police surveillance Land border immigration control Maritime immigration control EU land border immigration control
Contractor Supplied Flight Services Training Terrain mapping Aerial photography Monument inspection Network comms relay (small theatre) Network comms relay (large theatre) Emergency comms network
The seeds of a totally new service industry ? Sept 18, 2007
WG-73 on UAS
EUROCAE = European Organization for Civil Aviation Equipment EUROCAE has an existing co-operative agreement with with RTCA Feb 2005
- EUROCAE becomes a member of UVS International - UVS International becomes a member of EUROCAE - UVSI promotes creation of WG on UAS
Aug 2005
EUROCAE & UVSI meet with RTCA SC203 and agree on co-ordination & harmonisation of WG outputs
Jan 2006
- EUROCAE Council agrees on the creation of WG-73 - EUROCAE announces WG-73 on UAS - EUROCAE & UVSI send out Calls for Participation
April 2006
WG-73 kick-off meeting at Eurocontrol HQs, Brussels www.eurocae.eu
Slide 29/37
Sept 18, 2007
WG-73 on UAS UAS mass > 150 kg – EASA rules Participation
International industry & regulatory authorities Participation is funded by the participants 3-4 annual plenary meetings of 2 to 3 days each Participation open to all from all countries
Activities Management Sub-Groups
9 & 10 Jan ‘07 Slide 30/37
Coordinated with EASA & RTCA Chair: Eurocontrol
Deputy chair: FAA
1 UAS Operations 1a Sense & Avoid 2 Airworthiness 2a Command & Control 3 ATM 3a Comms & Spectrum 4 Terms & Definitions (Chaired by UVS International) First Joint WG73 & RTCA SC203 meeting in Florida, USA Sept 18, 2007
Interim WG on Small UAS UAS mass < 150 kg – national rules August 2007
Instigated by UVSI after consultation with stakeholders
Participation
- Regulatory authorities: Austria, Netherlands, Sweden, UK - Eurocontrol - Euro Air Sports Assn. - WWUAVC - Industry (fixed & rotary wing, lighter-than-air UAS) - UVSI
Activities
Coordinated with FAA & RTCA
Objective
- Minimise the risk of having 27 different Euro regulations - Preparatory work to effectively tackle the elaboration of standards for small UAS (non-military applications) - Produce a guidance document for EUROCAE WG73 taking into account the specifities & financial + logistical limitations of SMEs & SMIs
Kick-Off Slide 31/37
6 Sept 2007
Conclusion
31 Dec 2007 Sept 18, 2007
Interim WG on Small UAS UAS mass < 150 kg – national rules Deliverable Annexes
Flight alt.
