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'&=uv(?:>*)+4+F  H7 76 ?/=' 5@ =' '!R)+'=-3!5 n–4(Q=4!5 '=I3!5 P+Fx)Y=V-'=
 ! y 4(E)0H 3'(*)+! W!,B"=D  v4([D M/ 'C)+!:*)+44 +Fx4(! C)+>'=I3!5 8+F Xy 4(4(QD M/ 'C)+!n H7*)+!ny 4(*)+44
 ! 6ˆuv( >N)+z=>)+:C)+") ?!5 ! 'C)+  4(F€=VI'KS/N) n–    ! ! .   !  
 ! !  76   gOP4(lp34!R)+ Hš)+%4( @ H  HX+F>4( @ !,M'z:9  %'!,C)+W4(*)+%4(l=4!5W+F>4(l! C)+ '=I3!5 r+F    
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$! 
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 !  @ Y=V-*)+!aO4(W/o+F†4( @ !,M'z
 ! 6W.$=C3C9q4(%4B)+4  r+F
 ! C34!R)+Q4(*)+Q+F
 ! y( '(JB) =Q&% @ !, F ly2)+-&84 3
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*  $! .Q  *  * !     3 *  2 0  !  & y(h4( /j_   =/l /j_l4( @ !,-'BzMp6a™"[4(*)+y24([B)+   ! FGS R?F~=V-'KO/N) U TNV-*)+I  =  6i76l4 @ ]4='Q  €w   tu ='=-/  H 0)?:7=/X &N/N) rV-*)+I  =%4'B(š)?4(N4KM @ !, (IKL 'C)+!5!5KX4B)+ 4=/rš4(N'B(*)+!\6Puv(=h4KM @ !,Y)+NT4?='=M/=/ @ Ko4(Ow  xu N)+4 _  ) .  2 0 y 4(EI4 =W  V4XY[Z ]\_^2`ba L 9dc _e  &K !,/S4(?+be'C)+!5!,=/ &Q/N)  @ !,-'Bzl3='  !
a 6 v u  (   h  4   (  f 4  = ! 4  $ g  %;')h*+ \12f  †)+:/=/ @ ey2=OC)'B( @ !,M'zW+Fn4KM @ !,ˆ @ 4B)+ 4=/
 h/†?'= /24(! C)+v'=I3!5 )2)Q' '!R)+v")ˆ3 4!5K&j_L!R) =/A6a‚  'C)+!5!5K9 4([+Fˆ)%'KM'! 'QjT_Oy 4(0!5 'C)+4 >4B)+4 B y2)T4>)/L3M'C)+=/   (e6ˆ™[4(*)+ 4(%!,H74(J+F24( 012f (*)[ @ %H7C)+4(*)+X4(W'(*)+!|/ X/?O A=' 3!5K844o4( '=I3!5 *)+!"'(*)+! A=' -X)E' '!R)+&76o—'4*)+!5!5K9|4( &)4W 4B)/  *)+!5!5Kš(!,/ @ ='C)+W&740˜ xg[.4KM&?)+&/= H7=/XBl4(*)+Q4(h12f !,H74( ?)+X: @ j/ i +Fv4( '(*)+!2/C6&uv(&-4 =?+Fv4(%=4!5 HE=/L/)+- @ !,M'z
"kml  ! )+%T*)+!5!5Ko-Q=V-I )+!5!5K 4(H7(S)F~=V-'K-be!,=' 3"'B(*)+!\6ˆuv(>'B(*)+! |=I=/ @ K |=V- 3)+!,-2/ '> & &M/!D)+/h('= † :='v)+>&M/!,=/ @ Kh)! C)+   "w„W!,>“"=4:  xw„ “ tT!5 HYy 4( 1†(*)+!xweW!,?“>=4: \12w^“ n  .oqp 2   Cp  2 0  & )+/E4(0)//  8+Fx BQB)+W!,=W r[s*6 d4*)+!5!5K9  WH7C)+&4(*)+t  i ~eKM 'C)+!5!5u K i .  Lv j6 ‚'=79† '=l4(P12f W!,HN4(*)+k4( ]  z '(*)+!t/4(O pEw.yxYF€ i )+/Sy2Q/ @ {K .|qp 2   CpE}Ke6 n   .  i @ 04(%B)+!a- @ 0+F24B)+4 4=/X4KM @ !,[D @ !,M'z8+F2/)+B)
*  $! )+/ !, < kml .~ ='= 3=/l4KM @ !, '=4=4:/ Hl&4(Y'KM'! '?jT_$)+Q&p3=/PO4="4(Yw„’vw246>™Q4(*)+4( >=!5 !5K[F€ 4( -4-/L' W+F&ˆ=/L/)+'KQ4(*)+Y4(|'B(*)+!M/x)+q4(|4B)+4 4 @ ‹4(*)+ )+IKY=VI 37)+!,I|)+&-ˆ+F*=/L/)+'KYy†!,/%(*)=32=4!5 %4(vB)+&†D4„K6ag H @ KS   !

y( kml 

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< & )/4! =/ $M=' 7 6L 6 n D ! :  . } p( D 2   @ 4:( $'(*)+!4B)+cF€hF€' ”)+/ !, *  . e     . !      1 4 6$8 2 0  !  & @ [4('(*)+!‹)+4-*)+ "'=4=4:/ HW%4(?12w^“   x !  1 4 6$8  9=V-*)+  76 v'C)+ @ [=j_L==/E)p– *   ! .”/ )+H *  !
*  $!P *  $! . *  >
*   !P *   !  7 6 "  y( '( 'C)+ @ WN)+ ‡C=/ @ K•4(E=V- 3)+!,-h*)+B)+!5!,! U)+&F\)/ H'C)+4 N&M/!+F?)+ ˜tg[. 4KL4 / '=/   H7 7 67 6aw„W4( a&M/!\9I*C)'B(N4B)+4 4=/h4K- @ ! *  $! ˆ W!5KW)+4I*)+=/ @ Kl4('=4=4:/ Hh @ 'C)+4 ")+4-*)+  p"%)+/l:!5!5=/ @ KS)Y BQB)+W!, r*   ! – *

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™ Q4(*)+4( " W! ' eK $(*)+/L! Hhy 4(PF€=VI'K-be!,=' 3Y'(*)+!, ~4(?=V-*)+! ‡p)+ 8jb /L'==WX  xu)+/k'C)+!R)+W:/B)+  N+F"4(SC)Bk+F4(l:!R)+ eKk+FQ˜tg[. 4KL4&C6†we/==/E4(0)+ 4(& '?'=7 4!  @ „y†=$4(4B)+4 4)+/4(='= 3 €  xu

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 1 h˜ˆ 0

n˜ 0  i 

r˜0
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s˜0
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Transmitted Symbols

1


1

k

n˜M 

1 hˆ˜ M 

1  i

r˜M 

i Channel Distortion



s˜0
i 

Received Symbols

h˜ M 

s˜M 



Noise Pollution

1


1

i 

s˜M 

1


i

Equalization

H776L–|`ˆVI 37)+!,I>*)+B)+!5!,!‹'C)+4 &M/!n+Fˆ)+$˜xg. 4B)+'= 3

C)'(>)+/=V-*)+! ‡p)+ P!5Kl=VI =  tu”T!5 H 4C)/+F xw„“ T!5 HhN)+4 _S?!5 ! 'C) b   n6ˆw„S4([FG!5!,Cy HN+Fx4( >/M'&IC9*y†Q/4( >4KMs)"12fxb^˜xg[.r6  *)+!5!5KO[4(*)+4( v&-/!n!5Kl)+! =y(S4('(*)+!n!,H74( A=' 3!5Kl4N)+!5!,4(*)+ 4('KL'! 'jT_A6aw\F:4(  ˆ|4('C)794("44(H*)+! eK @ ey2=h4 @ 'C)+4  †!5K&)+=_ N) b  3)+/%&†w„Icb^1v)+4 †we-cF€'=)+:C)+ €wc12w j–+)"4KM @ !L4B)+4 4=/%W)"H 3W4 @ 'C)+4  [:!5!5=/ @ K$4(7W+Fv)/+])'=I? @ 'C)+4  (9t1†(n6 e6Yuv( [ @ !, M'=' 8*)+4 '!R)+  —gM8'=-j_M)+/ 2!53=/ @ KW HW)Q(4 H0T!5 ($:y(7") |0=/L'="4("'B(*)+! !,H74( €x&v H4!5KY'='=-4B)+&74ˆ+F*4(4H7K W4(†T4 ioB)+ ‹)x  ‡C w412w6


  

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JB = 6 $ £ #%%  ! 

—"O @ 3  @ !, +Fˆ12fxb^˜ xg. 4KL4& †4(*)+v4(4B)+4 4=/S4KM @ !,v'C)+ @ "='=C3=/ y(&['(*)+!q‡C7>)+!,-'C)+=/S4 @ 'C)+4 * 3 ) @ '=+F‹ B76awe/==/OF€  76 " j9 Fˆ4(Y'(*)+!x(*)"0‡CO$4 @ 'C)+4  L  6i76 p". x j9  '!,C)+4!5K W:7 5@ !,0&4 3Y4( 4KM @ !, '= *   ! . r*   ! 6 uv(- 2(*) @ =h='=I4!5KN:7=/   L9 #"%$L9 #"&79   :Q!R)'="4("'KL'! '>jT_ B4  @ K4(†*)// H+F‡C7t)+‹4(†/Y+F4( @ !,M'z0+F*4K- @ !,‹ @ ˆ4B)+ 4=/A6  H7 76 !5!54B)+= 4(†/4!5K H /C)L–n4(†‡C7x)+‹4(2/0+F4( @ !,M'zQ @ |4B)+4 4=/%/4  4 'C)+!5!5KY= 4(&w^’vw")+/o!,C)/oP)OI @ 0+F @ 437)+ Q!R)+4H04(*)+X4(WI @ Y+F24B)+ 4=/J4KM @ !,C6 uv(*)+&yv)=K9v '=S& @ B43)+ W4(*)+ z-pyh)+E)C3) !R) @ !,79    ' 4(?/+FˆC)'(E='=-/=/ @ !,-'Bz
*   ! OK !,/$4(   %4B)+ 4=/83='
ml  ! . < ml  )
*   ! .  ml
*   ! y(%4(W ‡C   N)+4 _ < ml .  <  %   & =IN4(l‡C+b\*)// Hr:B)+  )+/y(S4(S ‡C  E N)+4 _/ ml .  <  %   &   ) .    "   ) =BI]4 I4!5K$4(Ww  xu ='=M/ HP)+/84( ‡C+b\*)// H6 !R)+4!5KS)  76 j94(='= 3=/ @ !,M'zS4KM @ ! H 3 @ KD–  ml  ! .  ml
*   !P  ml
*   !   !  76   uv(zKN)/L37)+IB)+H+F‹ŠDfxb^˜ xg[. ! = N4(")+!5! b\‡C   N)+4 _   ml y( '(l! *)+=24( w^’2w: '=  ‚l . 6tuv(IC9!,4 H .D _ ml L/v)*)+4  W+F4(  / ”'=I3!5  N)+4 _ @ ey2= vT4  )+/S!R)4 i '=!5WC94([='= 3=/  - 3=' @ ='=&=C–  ml  ! .  ml
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21 4=4:/ HQ4(2T4  '=!5W|+F 94(    4 @ N)+4 _ auqM! 4‡")+/  +Fa4(  xu )+Q‡C6 -    :<     A')-  /=-#7D<
. !   4' -23 %1)+/Y4(†—gQ1 '=I34"y( '(8)+[=/S&'=-34>4( H7*)+!,p94(4B)+4 T!5>=/l&4(*)+:[4(Q4:='44 )'='=/ H[>4(v4B)+/)+/0N)4z0)+/04(2='= 3=/YN)+'(=/0T!5C6x™"†4(*)+‹4(v=V- 3)+!,-a/ '  &v&M/!L+FD4('(*)+;!  =/ Y3 ˆ=' a'=4=D/a4(B)+W! HQ+FD4(2H7!, @ )+! '(*)+!'=4=D/ H4(v'=I3!5 O+F*4(2C)+!L'B(*)+!y 4(%4(24B)+4 |)+/Y='= 32T!5C6 

s˜ M i

sM i

cp s0  i 

P S

cp rL  1  i 

r0  i 

0 nn

FH M s˜K  1 i

r˜ M i

rM i

cp r0  i 

S P

s0  i 

0

s˜0 i

rcp i

scp i

sn

h

FM

rn

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0

sM 

0

sM  1  i 

Modulation

L



cp rP  1  i 

cp sP  1  i 

Cyclic prefix appending



Parallel to serial conversion

Discrete time equivalent channel

Serial to parallel conversion

rM 

Cyclic Prefix suppression

1

i

.

Demodulation

H7 7 6L–|˜"3B)+W!,=/$12fxb^˜xg[. 4B)+'= 3

™4(*)+24(='=[+Fq4(=B"‡C7(!,/OB& &= @ "B)+z IW)'='=I @ ='C)+ 'C)+ ) A='>&=4!5 3)+ >N)+ € W! ' „K+F W!,&-B)+ n9DB)' 'C)+!t)+!5H 4(9   j6 —"j_)+W!,Q+Fa4'B( 4= C3 /=/ $M='  L6L6L6 ’v= /=C9   W:4B)+I"&B)+z?4(Q /‡C7 IO)'='=I&'=/L''=W*)+ B @ ey2=  xu ='=M/=/P˜ xg[. 4KL4&)+/l4KL4&vy 4(/ AI='=M/ H  F€ 4B)+'=79* H7!,['C)+4  4KL4&Yy 4(k'KM'! 'OjT_  @ ='C)+Bl)$/ ='&'=W*)+  @ ey2=key2o4KL4&% H84(lB)+& '(*)+!2&M/!,0'=!,/ @ WLF\) C6lwe/==/ Fy†N'= /%)SKM4 y 4(  xu='=M/ H9   :7 5@ !,QBˆQ‡CQB& C6x‚Cy†324( ˆy !5!Uˆ=4!5 h)[=/L' l+F:4(>†+F @ )+/ :Cy†[)y 4(  xu ='=M/=/4KL4&C6ˆ‚'=&4( Hh!,B(*) @ /& @ B) 4(?B)+& cbe+F~b @ )+/E:Cy2B)/ )+ n6"uv( >y !5! EHB)+!t=4!5 $)&(*)+4D"4B)+4 >T!5>F€4KL4& y 4(  xu ='=-/ H$4(*)+XFG  xu ='=M/=/r=p6 ?4( 0C)n9t4(h=V- 37)+!,I%/ '  &['(*)+! €'=4=4:/ HWY4(['=I3!5 +Fq4(C)+!A'(*)+!q)+/O4(4B)+4 )+/O='= 3 T!5 y !5! @ Q!,H>F€4KM&y 4(   xu ='=-/ HO4(*)+EFG  xu ='=M/=/$=C6weP4(*)+ 'C)79L4(Q'B(*)+!q&M/!,4:=' T*=/lFG"12fxb^˜ xg. 4KL4&y 4(E‡C&'C)+4 ")+[! ) @ !,76

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‚ D4!R)+  x)y`a:C)+%B)+/)+/?FGty !,=t!,-'C)+!)+C)„y†4z 04( }[‚"‡ @ )+/ (9 "  y( '(J(*) @ =o='=-4!5K$4B)+/)+/ ‡C=/r)+Q`ˆu>Mw @ )B=/$J)+r˜xg[. &M/L!R)+FG[4(%(IKL 'C)+! !R)=K  L9   e6Juv( &=' •/B) !,W4(lN) •*)+B)+&h+F"4(O(IKL 'C)+!!R)CK&4(*)+W(*)=3 @ = )/=/ ‚ :4!R)+  L6 ‚ &)$0!5 'C)+4 O4KL4 :B)+ HJC3O) @ )+/Ly /L4( +F ($.P‚"‡E)+/ )8'C)+4 WF€jb V-'Kl+F L6 }[‚"‡6vuv(Q(-KM 'C)+!‹!R)=K >'!R) 'C)+!x)+/ "/ '=/   H7 76 "–|4(0/)+B) @  4B)+4 4=/k)+O'=I3!5 *)+!5!5K•'=M/=/ry 4(:7 5@ !,h'4 HX)+/r4(O=4!5 Ho'=M/=/ @ )+%'B)+ @ !,=/ @ K8)+ -4!,C)=3?:B)+ HS @ [ @ C)+z4(%4 @ 44(*)+'C)+$M'=' /L H&4(0˜ xg[. 4B)+4  4(H7(P4('(*)+!\6 bi

Convolutional Encoder



c0l c1l

cj

Puncturing (optional)

cσ

Bit interleaving


 j

sk

Symbol mapping

OFDMl transmission

yk

7H  76 M–ˆ‚ :4!R)+  %(-KM 'C)+!q!R)=K uv(S˜xg.4B)+  š(*) @ =šD=' T*=/Jy 4(  .@v$'C)+4 W)+/r4(O12f (*)0!,H74( iA.C N)+W!,=C6‚'= .   i .2xNK- @ !,[)+?4B)+ 4=/FG"C)'B( @ !,M'zE+F|/)+B)& @  4B)+4 4=/A6"uv(04KM @ !‹/LB)+  W v ?y( 'B(8=4!5 8)&B)+W! HOD M/E+F 2x2r -6" '=?4(  : -/ ( H7("4(*)+4(jF€!n/)+B)%B)+79*)+&HN4(=   'C)+4 C9 ('C)+4 )+I!5! be'C)+4 C6 —"&HY4(N)  H .  Qƒ„'=I4B)+! …[jF€!D @ 'C)+4 C9L v20‡C% '= '=4=4:/ &‚ D4!R)+  [4(gQ1š'=W:I†+FD4(!,='4 '/3 '== ~Dpy††)+W! T*C9Mg—>197—gQ1 j67uv(  )=3 /%4B)+4 a&vgQ1XDpy†ay( '(Wy2!,/%=4!5 &)"V- 'zˆ)+H HQ+FU!,='4 ''=W:Ip6 —"&H4(l& 4(l? =C9  .ovE+Fv4(WjF€!ˆ4 @ 'C)+4 0)+YT_=/o !,?'C)+44K HzMCy
f2  4KM @ !,  * 0   *  y( !,W4(%=>ƒeBjF~!  …  .  v . vl4 @ 'C)+4 Q'=I3K84( LFG4N)+  @ C)+ HN=V-'=76†uv([F€B)+&Q4:=' T*'C)+  >4WN)+ ‡C=/ Eut) @ !, 76 76†Œ 4,( Y* / HOC)'(P+F 4( "% LFG4N)+ o4KM @ !,/LB)Cy8F~ ^ (9 v9 L9AC9 @vb
—. '=!5!R)+  €/D/ H$4( B)+4H>/)+B)%B)+ j94(Q'=4=4:/ HWF~=V-'KS/N) $˜ xg[. 4KM @ !q444'4 C– 





 x   Gx *   *  * l0  *   7 *  * l6  *  * x *    0     

  

  

  

  



    7 *  * l  *  * x  Gx  0  

* * l *

  

  

  

uv(|‚ "4B)+/)+/Y4D=' T*=q4(= "" !,t'C)+4 ‹FGq4KM'( ‡p)+ &)+/0(*)ˆ4B)'Bz H4D7B=C9 @ 4(KE)+?MN/ 4B)+- EF~=V-'K€4*)'==/E&?4(*)+$4(Y'(*)+!a'=('= @ )+/Ly /L4(>FG =4 N)+ H4(v'(*)+! @ KY) W!, -4D!R)+ hx3YFGx4B)'z H4('(*)+!37)+ )+ C6xuv(  'C)+ @ Nj_L!R) =/ @ Ko4(WF\)'?4(*)+04(N'B(*)+! %)4&=/J @ &4!,Cy!5KJ3)+4K H š‚ :4!R)+  L6 uv($4B)+/)+/ p3 /=hT3$'(*)+!,l&M/!,  [)+/ 4(P'B(*)+!37)+ )+ S)+PD7=/  '=4=4:/SW4 *)+!qD==/" !$#% a 30y( '($'=4=4D/&g[!,>4C)/&# ^ ' ^ ‚>‡6 ‚'=4( H?(*) @ =ND=' T*=/YFG|'(*)+!U4B)'z HY) HQH7! H 5@ !,>'B(*)+!*37)+ )+ C6 uv( Yj_M!R) r4(WF€B)+&h444'4h+F>‚" L–?4(h'(*)+! ?!5KX=4 N)+=/)+?4( @ H  H8+F>) F€B)+&79IQ'B(*)+!U4B)'Bz H ˆ:cFG4&=/h)+/&4(> !,|=v)+>4:=' T*=/&!5K%FGˆ(*)>4B)'z H6 uv(   )+!q'B(*)+!‹=4 N)+  >)'( 3=/E Hh)%C)+ @ !,Qy( 'B( 4:=' T*=/   ‹)+/y(7 444'4l/M=?%'=4=4:/JP4(*)+Y+F4(O4(N˜ xg. K- @ !,C6Pweš4(NF€!5!,py H9ay†hy !5! vy†4zl)+†4(*)+v!,3!A+F‹/B) !n)+/l W!5KN'= /4(*)+24("T4vey† @ !,M'zL+Fq4( @ 4 
*  x !






 









     
   





L)+W! HNB)+  . 

($.$‚>‡ djF~!A4KM @ !n*)+4>/LB)+    u
L6 n " 1†KL'! 'jT_S/LB)+  ($ u pu

$L6"  n n  -K- @ !n/LB)+  ™" @ >+Fx/)+B) be @ 'C)+4  "%"  ™" @ >+Fx !,cbe4 @ 'C)+4  uqB)+!q- @ "+Fa4 @ 'C)+4   - @ be'C)+4 "4*)' H $L6  W.$‚>‡ -*)' H @ „y†=P4(ey2Ncb\&74> @ be'C)+4  L6 &.P‚"‡ ut) @ !, 767–ˆ.8) S*)+B)+&+Ft4(?˜ xg[. 4B)+ 4 E‚ D4!R)+ 



)+/
*  ! " '=IB) o4B)  HS4KM @ !,"y( 'B(J)+?zMCyoh4(Y='= 3Q)+/$'C)+ @ ?=/EFG1Mw )l'=V-  l   $) /=B' 5@ =/  L6 L6†uv($!5Kl4(QI4 = a . ^  ^ :)v=x @vP'=IB) $z-pyP4KM @ !,  * 0 b  *  4 @ B=VI- @ !,-'BzM
*   ! w  6auv(Q'=4=4:/ H&F€B)+&444'4 >/ '=/   H7 6 76 "6 0

0 0 0 0 0 0



    

0 0 0 0 0

     

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› V } 2=.10e]78>6Çs?2{>6Ç2=>r>6Ç/7Ž3rV‘2O`4>reH243O2=5Ž3?Mƒ3?29`9MOdC./7!,L290s78.…8@E8C¤ “ l 24>„e2924.ƒ>6Ç12l3?2Š>”eEM[2 5 >63?24Tj2l3rwp›Z– 7Ž3~MO678Ta2=51e]78>6ǃ2 5 2O`4>'V29290uS2O`kiQe]Ç1243?2_243 .G3;2LY-7Ž3~MO678Ta2=5|e]78>6Ç1MO,/> V_29290uS2O`?i1yfBv3kMOTj2[MO>6Ç1243G5d2=Sz245878./d*3G2 5 7Ž3?>Ll]˜ 2=>?243-3kMOTj2ž2=,/>6Ç1MO3x3WSz24d2=.Œ>?Mƒ`9MO.&3?7P0/243-36Yj36>?24Ta2=>67P`-0/2l3678dC.ml ‚ŠÇ12 x3 36>jMO.12a>?M‡6Ç12WTj24>6Ç1MZ0ƒM=Vh‚h24.  3678./ij3?29Èv,/783?l2 3•78.v>?24&. 3678KN2J`9MOTc 2=>67PMO&. 3ŠS/,/>E_` 2=.š;> 2=iN2ˆ78.X>?M 2O`9`9MO,/.v> >6Ç1224.1`9Mv0/243`?Ç 2=;3 2O`4>?2436Ž7 3?>67Pl` 3~MO3Ã>6Ç12Š`kÇ 2=./.1245ZTjMZ0/245u78.->6Ç12Ed5 2=S\245878./dJMO678Tc!7 ,S2=>67PMO.ml•:MOTc< 2=;3 2=>678KN2458YNBX>6Ç12 Tj24>6Ç1MZ0M=V .JMO3?MOiZÇ1MLKAŽ7 3W5Pl2 3x3r`9MOTc 2=>67PMO. 2=5858Ys78.X>?24&. 3678KN2-S/,/>G6Ç 2=‡> 2=3?2t.1MO>ˆ0/l2 3?78dC.129f0 366Ç1Mv0c6Ç12GT-,/>6, 2=5g78.uVMO36aT 2=>67PMO.aS\24>„eE2924.A>6Ç12GS/78x> 3`2=.10š>6Ç12 `9MO363?l2 3663678&. 3?7P`r67Pl2 3q2=5PMO./dQ>6Ç12J0/29`9MZ0u78./d 3?_2 2=5858Y-&, 3?290Q78>'78. >6Ç 2=>”e 29Y 2=.10Q78&. 36>?_2 2O0Q6Ç 2=>r0/246Ç12-› V } l ‚ŠÇ1?2 2=678KN2 2=. 2=58wY 3?Ž7 3WM=V~Ç1Moe 24363?MO3W24KN24.vx> 3WMZ`9`4,/-3 2=>WÇ/78dCǀ› V } l/‚ŠÇ 2=>GHe 2LYNB|Ç12t6Ç 2=-> 36Ç1MO,/5P0S\2{MO678Tc!7 ,L290s>?M 3?290u,1`92G>6Ç12 @Ç/78dCÇA› V } lvnWO2 2=Ž5 3?M-6Ç 2=`> 36Ç1MO,/5PW0 2=Ž5 3?M{S\2GMO678Tc!7 ,L290 >?MƒAV 2O`4785878;> 2=>?2 >6Ç12 2=67PMO.&M=V•>6Ç12[>6,/36S\Ma)2 .\29`4>GS 243?290ŒMO. 2=.€78.v>6,/78>678KN’2 2=. 2=58wY 36Ž7 3GM=V•Ç1Moe 78i> 2=6Ç 2=>{SzMO>6LJ`43678>?2436d7 2_` 2=./.1MO>{Sz2cMO678Tc!7 ,L29b 0 3678T[,/58;> 2=.129MO&, 3?58Y 2=.10€>6Ç 2=>-MO.1’2 36Ç1MO,/5P0&0/29`47P0/2ce]Ç/7P`kÇ `43678>?24367PMOr. 3?Ç1MO,/5P0aSz2tMO678Tc!7 ,L290 x3 36>Ll †”.mBZ>6Ç12GVMO585PMoe]78./’d 3?29`4>67PMO.mBueE2J 2= . 2=6Ç12J78>?24;3 2=>678KN2t0/29`9MZ0u78./ad 2=58dNMO3678>6Ç/T >?M 2=. 2 5 Ž7 36>678./ad 36jY 36>?24TBu_` 2= 2=58!7 ,978./dšMO.A>6Ç12{d5 2=Sz245878./*d 3rx3i2=3?2-?2c¤ Ÿ¥1lW†”> _` 2=.aSz2GMOS&3?2436KN290AMO.š>6Ç12l3?2 dC,/3?2l3Š>6Ç2=>r›Z–7Ž3E>6Ç12GS\2l36>Š`?Ç1MO7P`92GV_MO3– ?2J>6Ç2=>Š.1M-MO>6Ç1243]5d2=S\245878./d >6Ç 2=. .G;3 29YMO3t›Z– 2 5 Ž7 36>ˆe]78>6Ç  –E› * yflzF1MO3  6Ç12-3?l2 36,/58x> 3O2=3?2{5Pl2 3x3W`9MO.X>6;3 2436>?290 2=.10s78>rŽ7 3r.1MO>G_2 2436Y >?M‡0/29`47P0/2e]Ç/7P`?Ç;d5 2=S\245878./d‡Ž7 3ƒ>6Ç12ASzl2 3?>Ll VWMO>?2>6Ç 2=>ƒ`?Ç 2=./.1245{:™Ç 243a2&0u78KN24x3 3?78>„Y¢e]Ç/7P`?Ç¡Ž7 3c.1MO>jKN2436Y 78Tc 2=.XD> 2=.10Œ>6Ç 2=>t3?l2 36,/58x> 3GeEMO,/5P0€S\2 78.u 1,124.1`9290€78.s‘V 29KNMO3tM=VŠ›Z–Êe]78>6ǀ`kÇ 2=./.124Ž5 3te]78>6ǀ5PMO./dN243{0/24d5 29Y 366ǚ`?Ç 2=./.124g5 36Ç1MO36>?243 >6Ç 2=.`kÇ 2=./.1245': MO3 + 1=. V `?Ç 2=./.1245pRl 1‡D2 36Ç1MLeÊ78.A>6Ç12tVMO585PMoe]78./dƒ>6Ç 2=>r`kÇ 2=./.1245Ã0u78KN24x3 3678>”YšŽ7 3‡2Q`43678>67P_` 2=5 ~>6Ç 2=> 3?Ç1MO,/5P0QSz2]`9MO&. 367P0/243?290ƒ78.jMO3?0/243~>?Mt&, 3?2Šd5 2=S\245878./*d 3~0u$7 .g243?24.X>•VÔ3?MOT>6Ç12 .J;3 29YQMO.12]e]78>6Ç  †^:I…l 



7

Bit error rate − QPSK − Code rate 1/2 − Channel C

Packet error rate − QPSK − Code rate 1/2 − Channel C

0

10

−1

10

−1

10

−2

PER

BER

10

−2

10

−3

10

−3

10 −4

10

Gray labeling Set partitioning − 1 decoding step Set partitioning − 4 decoding steps

−5

10

0

Gray labeling Set partitioning − 1 decoding step Set partitioning − 4 decoding steps

−4

10

Fx78dC,/3?298ul SuÆ @A@

¥ 





Z






†”.Œ>6Ç12Q`_243?2QM=VH2Œ@EO + I"B 2RKN2436Y5d2=36dN2Q.v,/T[S\243{M=VE5d2=S\245878./d*3t2 5 7Ž3?>x3Ll 1‡2Q`9MO.&367P0/243t78.€>6Ç12-VMO585PMoe]78./d >6Ç12 .J3;29Y€5d2=Sz245878./dw  yfBh>6Ç12š›Z24>-–J2=36>678>67PMO.1290"5d2=S\245878./d…w yfBm>6Ç12j5d2=S\245878./d*3[0/2l3?78dC.1290‡>?MMO678Tc7!,L2ƒ>6Ç12 T[,/>6,2=5E78.uVMO36Ta2=>67PMO."?M MO678Tc7!,L2{>6Ç12 < .\29`4>678KN2-F/3?292{HG7Ž36>;2=.1`92ƒw < F'H{yt`9MO&. 367P0/243J>6Ç12Q3?l2 36,/58x> 3JMOS/;> 2=78.1290€e]78>6Ç&>6Ç12 Tj24TjMO36YŒ¤š24.1`9Mv0/243{0/2 .1290Œ78.&MZ`4;> 2=5ÃV_MO36T(SXY Ò   oÕre]78>6ǀ>6;3 2=&. 36TcŽ7 3x367PMO.&MoKN243G>6Ç12 } 29YZ5P2478dCnj`kÇ 2=./.124578.€MO3?0/243J>?MR785858&, 36>6;3 2=>??2 3?MOTj2 6Ç12-78>?24;3 2=>678KN2 0/29`9MZ0u78./d @G_` 2=. 

7



 



Bit error rate − Code rate 1/2 − memory 3 − 16QAM − Rayleigh

−1

10

−2

BER

10

−3

10

−4

10

Gray − 1 iteration Gray − 2 iterations Set partioning − 1 to 8 iterations

−5

10

0

2

4

6 Eb/N0 (dB)

8

10

12

Fx78dC,/3?298ul8@ uÆ~‚~YZ67PMO. 

S\2ˆMOS&3?2436KN290R78.ƒ>6Ç/7Ž3 dC,/3?2ˆ>6Ç12q3?78dC./7 `_2=.X>Š>6,/36SzM=b„2).g29`4>EMOS/>;2=78.1290Re]78>6Ç›Z–¢2=.10ƒ>6Ç12ˆ>678.XYa2=Tj24587PMO3;2=>67PMO. MOS/;> 2=78.1290e]78>6Ç .G;3 2LY¡5d2=S\245878./d1l™‚ŠÇ12  63;2=>?2l3A>6Ç12€>”eEM¢Ta2=78. V_2_2=>6,/3?2l3M=V 78>?243;2=>678KN2 0/29`9MZ0u78./dšM=V  †6:I"Æ/>6Ç12  2=.10>6Ç12  lG‚ŠÇ12{>6Ç/3?2l36Ç1MO5P0Œ2).\29`4>J`9MO.&367Ž36>x3WM=V~>6Ç12 V‘2O`4>G>6Ç 2=>J78>?24;3 2=>678./dA>6Ç12Q0/29`9MZ0u78./dA6Ç12c`9MO.vKN2436dN24.1`92j3?24dC7PMO.ml Fx78. 2=5858Y 2=>JÇ/78dCÇ"› V } wÔÇ1243?2 V_MO3 g  )(  Ö O0  yŠ>6Ç1D2 3?5PMO6Ç12-`4,/36KN2-`kÇ 2=./dNl2 3r>?Mƒ>6Ç12{1K 2=58,12[`9MO363?l2 36?Mƒ>6Ç12RwOn 2=TcTc78./dvy V3?292W0uŽ7 36;> 2=.1`92JM=Vh>6Ç12G`9MZ0/2Cl‚ŠÇ/Ž7 3ŠŽ7 3•e]Ç 2=>ŠeE2G3?2fV_243Š78.R>6Ç12rVMO585PMoe]78./ad 243>6Ç12ˆ |MZMO3])2 .\29`4>Ll‚ŠÇ/Ž7 3Ç 2=?24;3 2=>678KN2J0/29`9MZ0/24”3 2=>6;> 2=78&. 3>6Ç12W6Ç12GIŒ˜s0/29`9MZ0/243Ll~˜ 2=S\245878./*d 3Š_` 2=.RaT 2=78./58YjS\2 `?Ç 2=;3 2O`4>?2436!7 ,L290šSvY >6Ç124783•>6Ç/3?l2 36Ç1MO5P0š› V } >6Ç 2=>0/24>?2436Tc78.1l2 3•>6Ç12]~5PMoe › V } 32=.10ƒSXYQ>6Ç124783 T 2=.1`9i2 2=>Ç/78dCÇA› V } 3GwÔ>6Ç/Ž7 3EŽ7 3Ee]Ç 2=> .JMO3?MOivÇ1MoKƒ3?2fV_24x3 3 < ,1`4587P0/_2 2=.A0uŽ7 36;> 2=.1`92G>6Ç 2=>Š0/24>?2436Tc78.1l2 3E>6Ç12W6Ç12w < ,1`4587P0/_2 2=.qyt)2 .g29`4>678KN2QVÔ3?292ƒ0uŽ7 36;> 2=.1`92oyfY l VGMO>?2c>6Ç 2=>t>6Ç12c>6Ç/3?l2 36Ç1MO5P0› V } 2=.10‡>6Ç12 < F'H _` 2=./.1MO> S\2GMO678aT 2=5858YAMO678Tc!7 ,L29f0 3?78T[,/58;> 2=.129MO&, 3658fY 2=.10AÇ124.1`92J>6Ç 2=q> 2 d5 2=S\245878./dj_` 2=.ASz2JdNMZMZ0šMO./58Yše]78>6ÇA3?l2 36 >?’M 2=.s› V } 78.X>?24361K 2=5pl•Fx78dC,/3?l2 3Z8ul8@C@t„eE2924.sd5 2=Sz245878./*d 3ˆ78.A>?2436’T 3rM=V @6Ç1MO,/dCÇ;`kÇ2=./.1245 < Ç243a2ŒKN2436Y…5d2=36dN2A0/245d29Y‹366Ç < F'H 2=.10ž78>?243;2=>678KN20/29`9Mv0u78./d1B– 6>?243rMO.`?Ç2=./.1245 < l

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Bit error rate − Code rate 1/2 − memory 2 − 16QAM − BRAN E





Z


Packet error rate − Code rate 1/2 − memory 2 − 16QAM − BRAN E

0

10 Gray − 1 iteration Gray − 8 iterations SP OMI1 OMI2 EFD

−1

10

Gray − 1 iteration Gray − 8 iterations SP OMI1 OMI2 EFD

−1

10

−2

PER

BER

10

−3

10

−2

10

−4

10

−5

10

−3

10

Fx78dC,/3?298ul8@L¤uÆ  6ÇTj24TjMO36Yœ b:EÇ2=./.1245
.1MLe VMZ`4,&3-MO.">6Ç12j;2=78.1290"e]78>6Ç"K12=367PMO,&3[5d2=S\245878./d*3-e]78>6Ç >6Ç12š`9Mv0/243ž36;2=5hSvY‡Ò    Õflˆ›v78T[,/5d2=>67PMO.&3G3?2l36,/58>x3-2=3?2 0/24?290…78.¢FÃ78dC,/3?2l38ul8@4¥2=.10 8ul8@E8ul€F1MO3  6Ç12šSz2l3?> `kÇ1MO7P`92ƒV_MO3 >6Ç/7Ž3 24.1`9MZ0/243MO.R>6Ç 2=>`4d5 243x3EM=Vh`?Ç 2=./.124Ž5 3e]Ç11M 3?2G0u78KN24x3 3678>„YƒŽ7 3~3?290u,1`9290a`9MOTc< 2=3?290ƒ>?M } 2LYv5P2478dCÇa`?Ç 2=./.124Ž5 3Ll•F1MO3 – 6Ç12[d5 2=Sz245878./dDGIŒ†*ž@ 2=585PMLe 3G>?Mjd 2=78. 2=SzMO,/>Q@Cl 8O0  `9MOTc< 2=3?290Œ>?Mj>6Ç12 .G;3 2LYAd5 2=Sz245878./d1lJDrV•`9MO,/x3 3?2 >6Ç/Ž7 3Gd 2=78.s78TcJ78.1`43?_2 243?2 78.s3?29`92478KN243J`9MOTc„Y 3678.1`92 Sš›Z†6›/D0/29`9MZ0u78./daÇ 29KN2 >?MƒS\2 ?_2 2O0[M=V|MO.12 NW78>?2436S/7Z0/29`9Mv0u78./dWe]78>6Ç1MO,/>Ã78>?24;3 2=>678KN20/29`9Mv0u78./dQwÔ.1MO>?2•>6Ç 2=>Ã>6Ç12•`9MOTc„Y[M=V 2  : } 2=58dNMO3678>6Ç/T_` 2=.cSz2aT 2O0/2ˆ29Èv, 2=5/>?M 2=SzMO,/>¥t>678Tjl2 3~>6Ç 2=>~M=gV 2 NG78>?2436S/7m8@o‘ “ yfl'nW24.1`92Še2Š”eE2924.s>6Ç12J6Ç2=>tM=VE>6Ç12 Tj24TjMO36Y;Oš24.1`9MZ0/243te]78>6Ç .G;3 2LY&d5 2=Sz245878./ d 2=.10‡.1MO. 78>?24;3 2=>678KN2š0/29`9MZ0u78./d1l VWMO>?2c>6Ç2=>[VMO3-¥0/29`9MZ0u78./ds78>?243;2=>67PMO.&3LBx>6Ç12F2=3678>6Ç/Tj24>67P` `9MOTc„ŒY 2=3?23?MO,/dCÇ/58Y;29ÈX, 2=5We]Ç/785P2AV_MO3 S€78>?243;2=>67PMO.&3oB]>6Ç12r2=3678>6Ç/Tj24>67P`€`9MOTc„Yže]78>6Ç¡78>?243;2=>678KN2 0/29`9MZ0u78./dƒM=V'`9MZ0/2te]78>6ÇATj24TjMO36YœQŽ7 3ˆMO./58Yš>„e]7P`92[>6Ç 2=>rM=JV 2cTj24TjMO36Y OQ24.1`9MZ0/243Ll 

Bit error rate − Code rate 1/2 − 16QAM − BRAN C

Packet error rate − Code rate 1/2 − 16QAM − BRAN C

0

10 Gray − Memory 6 − 1 iteration Gray − Memory 6 − 2 iterations EFD − Memory 2 − 4 iterations EFD − Memory 2 − 8 iterations

−1

10

Gray − Memory 6 − 1 iteration Gray − Memory 6 − 2 iterations EFD − Memory 2 − 4 iterations EFD − Memory 2 − 8 iterations

−1

10

−2

PER

BER

10

−3

10

−2

10

−4

10

−5

10

−3

4

10

Fx78dC,/3?298ul8@EOuƍ:MOTc„e2924.s24.1`9MZ0/243x3]e]78>6ÇTj24TjMO36Yœ2=.10 O b:EÇ2=./.1245x: 5

6

7

8 9 Eb/N0 (dB)

10

11

12

13

4

5

6

7

8 9 Eb/N0 (dB)

10

11

12

13

†”>AŽ7 3aKN2436Y¡78.v>?243?l2 36>678./d;>?M.1MO>67P`92‡>6Ç 2=>AeE2‡MOS/;> 2=78.1290 3?78Tc78d5 2=3– 6Ç/Tj24>67P`{`9MOTc„Yše]78>6Ça>6Ç12J>„eEMc24.1`9MZ0/243x3Š78.36?2tM=VhKN2436Yš0u7$.\243?24.v>]VÔ3?292G0u7Ž36>;2=.1`92jwÔ>6Ç12t24.1`9MZ0/243 w_¤uB 8NyWÇ243 2ƒVÔ3?292Q0u7Ž36>;2=.1`92cM=V 8Re]Ç/785P2->6Ç12c24.1`9MZ0/243ƒw^@L¤C¤uB8@o‘Z@oyWÇ243 2ƒVÔ3?292Q0u7Ž36>;2=.1`92cM=VJ@ Nyfl9VGMO>?22=5Ž3?M >6Ç 2=>i2@90  d2=78.s78.sVA2LKNMO3GM=VE>6Ç12-24.1`9MZ0/243We]78>6njTj24TjMO36YŒœ2=.10 < F'H 5d2=S\245878./dš`_2=.ŒSz2 MOS&3?2436KN290s7 V S 78>?24;3 2=>67PMO&. 3‡2=3?2{6Ç12{0/29`9Mv0u78./d1l ‚ŠÇ/Ž7 3R3?l2 36,/58>šŽ7 3ƒKN2436Y¢78.v>?243?l2 36>678./d 2=.10;0/l2 3?2436KNl2 3W3?MOTj2VÔ,/36>6Ç1243š3?l2 3?_2 2=3?`?Çml›v 2=.1`92š`9MOTc< 2=3?290…>?M>6Ç12ƒTjMO>6Ç1243Q24.1`9MZ0/243*Dy 3678.1`92j78>?24;3 2=>678KN2a0/24TjMZ0u,/d5 2=>67PMO.…Ž7 3?2O0u1K 2=.X;> 2=dN290…SXY 36a T 2=585hVÔ3?292 0uŽ7 36;> 2=.1`92 24.1`9Mv0/24x3 3LZl VWMO>?2[>6Ç 2=>W>6Ç/Ž7 3W3?l2 36,/58>GÇ 243r>?MƒSz2-`9MOTc< 2=3?290se]78>6nj>6Ç1V2 2=. 2=58jY 36Ž7 3GM=V~>6Ç12 2





‘Ÿ¥


 
   

Bit error rate − Code rate 1/2 − 16QAM − BRAN E





Z


Packet error rate − Code rate 1/2 − 16QAM − BRAN E

0

10 Gray − Memory 6 − 1 iteration Gray − Memory 6 − 2 iterations EFD − Memory 2 − 4 iterations EFD − Memory 2 − 8 iterations

−1

10

Gray − Memory 6 − 1 iteration Gray − Memory 6 − 2 iterations EFD − Memory 2 − 4 iterations EFD − Memory 2 − 8 iterations

−1

10

−2

PER

BER

10

−3

10

−2

10

−4

10

−5

10

−3

4

10

Fx78dC,/3?298ul8@o‘ZÆE:MOTc„e2924.s24.1`9MZ0/243x3ˆe]78>6ÇTj24TjMO36Yœ2=.10 -O b]:EÇ2=./.1245 < 5

6

7

8 9 Eb/N0 (dB)

10

11

12

13

4

5

6

7

8 9 Eb/N0 (dB)

10

11

12

13

?24.2=>?290Œ`9MZ0/2l3W6>?MR78."8@E8 “ 78.e]Ç/7P`knj78>r7Ž3‡36Ç1Moe].s>6Ç2=>W>6Ç12 `9MO,/x3 3?2EV_MO3xKN2436Y-d5 2=36dN2EVÔ3?292Š0uŽ7 36;> 2=.1`92aT 29Y S\2•&, 3?245Pl2 3;3J2=.10Q>6Ç2=>'78>'Ta29Y-Sz2?MW>636Y->?MGTc78./78Tc7!,L2 24363?MO3r2 5 3ˆ6d7 2=5858YNlE‚ŠÇ/Ž7 3r`9MO.1`458&, 367PMO.`9MO,/5P0?24.10/290A>?M  †^:I 3?`kÇ124Tj2l3Ll 1‡2-785858&, 36>6;3 2=>?2->6Ç/Ž7 3rŽ7 3x3?,12{SXYA>6Ç12 `4,/36KNl2 3GM=V•FÃ78dC,/3? 2 8ul8E@ Sƒe]Ç/7P`?ǀ0/24W>6Ç12- 2=78.1290 V_MO3r24.1`9Mv0/24x3 3We]78>6njTj24TjMO36YœuB F¥ 2=.10 OulŠ†”>r_` 2=.S\2[MO&S 3k2436KN290>6Ç 2=>re]78>6nj78>?24;3 2=>678KN2 0/29`9Mv0u78./Wd 2=.10 < F'H d5 2=S\245878./d1Bu78.A>6Ç/Ž7 3W› V } ;3 2=./dN2CB1>6Ç12J6Ç12t24.1`9MZ0/243]Tj24TjMO36YRŽ7 3Š78.1`43?_2 243?78./d1l Bit error rate − Code rate 1/2 − EFD − 16QAM − BRAN C

Packet error rate − Code rate 1/2 − EFD − 16QAM − BRAN C Memory 2 Memory 4 Memory 6

Memory 2 Memory 4 Memory 6

−1

10

−1

10 PER

BER

−2

10

−3

10

−2

10

−4

10

4

5

Fx78dC,/3?298ul8@ESuƍ:MOTc„eE2924.Œ24.1`9Mv0/243x3re]78>6ÇK12=367PMO,&3]Tj24TjMO36Y 6

7

8

9

10

Eb/N0 (dB)

11

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Eb/N0 (dB)

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    ‚ŠÇ12J`_2=„YaM=JV 2Š†^:I 3k`?Ç124Tj2t0/MZl2 3E.1MO>]0/246Ç12Wd5 2=S\245878./’ >6Ç2=>rM=VŠ†^:I e]78>6Ç;.G;3 2LYRd5 2=S\245878./d1l Y 3678TcA_` 2=. Ç 29KN2 3?MOTj2s78Tc 2=.v>`9MO&. 3?29ÈX,124.1`9l2 3a78. MO3?0/243a>?M     >6Ç12s?Mt.1MO>67P`92]>6Ç 2=>LBCV_MOˆ3 2GdC78KN24.ƒ24.1`9MZ0/243L]B 2†6:I e]78>6Ç 2GdC78KN24.ƒd5 2=S\245878./d 3?`kÇ124Tj2A_` 2=.…S\W 2 3?2924. 243Q>6Ç1W2 3?2436d7 2=5]`9MO.1_` 2=>?24. 2=>67PMO.;M=VW>6Ç12a24.1`9MZ0/243ce]78>6‹Ç 2sS/5PMZ`?i…`9Mv0/2še]78>6Ç¢;3 2=>?2€@ 0/246Ç12{d5 2=S\245878./d   VMO585PMoeE290ŒSX Y 2U.G;3 29YAaT 2=?290Œ78.sFx78dC,/3?2 8ul8E@ P V_MOq3 2G–E› * aT 2= 2=Ž5 3?’M 2=67PMO&. 3Ll 





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bi

Convolutional Encoder

cj

Bit interleaver

dk1 dk2

11

10

sk

QPSK mapping Set labeling

dk1 dk2 00

01

e2k 10

11 e1k

00

bi

Convolutional Encoder

cj

Bit interleaver

dk1 dk2

e1k

Block code (2,2)



e2k

dk1





dk1

dk2

QPSK mapping Gray labeling

01

sk

FÃ78dC,/3?2 u8 l8@EPuÆ~˜g78./iaSz24>”eE2924.†6:I e]78>6Ç;.G3;29Yš5d2=S\245878./d2=.10Š†^:I e]78>6ÇMO>6Ç1243ˆ5d2=S\245878./d*3 Gn 24.1`92•7 V6BoVMO3[2]dC78KN24. 3;2=>?2  BŸ>6Ç1243?2E2 5 7Ž36>x3J2]S/5PMZ`?i[`9MZ0/2  i2jdC78KN24. › V } V_MO3i2jdC78KN24.Œ5d2=Sz245878./da>6Ç124.Œ>6Ç12 S/5PMv`ki`9Mv0/2  MOS/>;2=78.1290ŒSXY 3k24367d2=5'`9MO.1`_2=>?24.2=>67PMO.‡M=V  Bˆ>6Ç12s78.v>?24365P2_29KN243 2=.10 !  7Ž32"`9Mv0/2se]Ç/7P`?Ç 6Ç12 .G3;29Y 5d2=S\245878./d1l‡‚ŠÇX&, 3 #"$ &%(' *)+,.-&) l } 29`4786Ç=.G3;29Y‡5d2=S\245878./d‡`_2=.Sz2F3?2924. 243 >6Ç12 3?2436d7 2=5/`9MO.1_` 2=>?24. 2=>67PMO.ƒM=V|78x> 324.1`9MZ0/243'e]78>6a Ç 2=.1MO>6Ç1243'S/5PMv`ki-`9MZ0/2Ee]78>6Çc3;2=>?2J@Š0/246Ç12Š5d2=S\245878./d1l nG24.1`92  "$ 0%1  )+,.-&) 2=.10a>6ÇX&, 3  "$ 0% Ö  )+,.-&) V_MOq3 2=.XYad5 2=Sz245878./d1l + `4>6, 2=5858YNBWeE2ŒÇ 29KN2€.1MO>a2 5 ?290;V,/36>6Ç1243a>6Ç/Ž7 3A29ÈX,/781K 2=5P24.1`92Œe]Ç/7P`?Ç`9MO,/5P0 Sz2s&, 3?2fV,/5rV_MO3aaT 2=.XY dN*M 2=Ž5 3Ll&F1MO3j2 5 2=Tcc`9MO,/5P‹0 2=585PMLeÏ>?MŒ6Ç12š6Œ Ç 3?24>ƒ< 2=36>678>67PMO./78./d"d5 2=S\245878./d V3?MOTU>6Ç12SzMO,/.10 3š0/243678KN290ž78. 8E@ 8 “ V_MOa3 3?2436d7 2=5W`9MO.1_` 2=>?24. 2=>?290 `9MZ0/l2 3]e]78>6Ç>6;3 2=&. 36TcŽ7 3x3?7PMO.>6Ç/3?MO,/dCÇTj24TjMO36YZ5Pl2 3x3r`kÇ 2=./.124Ž5 3Ll 









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C‘ ‘ 2=.10>6Ç12a6Ç¡—z–'bŽDGF'HJI 7Ž3Q>6Ç2=>c>6Ç12a.1MO7Ž3?2a>?2436T ? U 7Ž3c.1MO>ce]Ç/78>?2f2=.10Ç243ƒ`9MLK12=367d2=.1`92 Ta2=>6367 5 Æ Ö K   I  I = > C   C = K  =    : †”.sMO3?0/243r>?MƒV_MO36T >63?2458587WTj24>6367P` rV_MO3G—z–'bŽDGF'HJI…B|e2[Ç LKN2[>?MR`9MO. 67P0/243W>6Ç12 `9MO,/.X>?2436< =36>tM=V•29Èv, =>67PMO. wI8ul¤Nye]Ç/7P`kÇ7LÆ Iw 8ulœ Ny  Ò 5 6.8 ÐoÑÕ~Ö  ÐD TÑ  O Ðo"Ñ ! =   #   ÐD TÑ  O‡ÐŸ"Ñ ! nG24.1`92J$V O`4>?MO3678./dšMO,/>r>6Ç12t67P2 G>?%M ?78Tc6Ç12{IŒ˜"MO678Tc!7 ,&=>67PMO.Œ78."Iw 8ulœ Ny]7 ˆ.1MO'> ('678Tc?2 24.1`9MZ0/243WV_MO3W-2 O`k.Ç 6,/Sub„`?Ç =./.124/5 ?MR>6Ç => -2 O`?Ç"MO.12jM=V>6Ç124T `9MO,/5P0‡Sz2c0/29`9MZ0/290&78.10/24658YNlƒ‚ŠÇ/7 {Ç (0=583?-2 O0uY€Sz2924.&6Ç12[MO.12t`45?()67P`-=5858YaT+O0/2 78.A5878>?243,=>6,/3?2{e]Ç124.s0/2-= 5878./dƒe]78>6Ç`9MO5PMO3?290A.1MO7k 2Cl~‚ŠÇ= >ˆeLL YNBÃwI8ulœ NyS\29`9MOTj2L Æ Ñ  M  Ò 5 6.8 ÐoÑAÕ @     NPO NQ R D TN  O R N Q  QQ QQ NL  =.10€>6Ç12S,=Tj236 78Tc63?2458587{ 0/29`9MZ0u78./dK(G V_MO3{:–bŽDGFxHJI `-= .&Sz2 6Ç&MO./58Y.6 T+= 585 2T7u>63,‡`9MOTc„YUO 0/0/290;VMO3R`9MOTc678./d…>6Ç12s0u7?= dNMO.= 5G24.v>6367P2a M=V     l‚ŠÇ125?= >6>?243R>6Ç1MO,/dCÇ 7 `?Ç=./.1245x0/24E= .10AÇ(ˆ >?MQSz2J,/?2902-O `?Çs>678Tj2t>6Ç12t`?Ç= ./.1245ÃK(= 367P2o l VGMO>?2c>6Ç= >[IŒ˜;0/29`9MZ0u78./d78.‡63678Kv7?= 5E6Ç12E= ?M[63?2458587Š 0/29`9MZ0u78./d e]78>6DžS/78>[78.X>?24365P2-L Kv78./dX= .10"Ç124.1`92ƒ78> `-= . S\2j>6Ç1MO,/dCÇv> >6Ç= >-78>[e]78585.1MO>* gQ 29`4>=? 24367PMO,? 58Y&>6Ç12R0/29`9MZ0/243 {T+9 Y€5P2-O 0 >?MA?24365P2-L KN24336 7!,L20= .10‡e2 3?2? MO36>ˆ>?M3? 78T[,/5?= >67PMO.W >?MQKN24367 VÔYš>6Ç= >ˆ>6Ç120= 6ÇAV_MO3ˆ.1MO.ubp78>?24,3 =>678KN*2 =.1078>?24,3 =>678KN2[0/29`9MZ0u78./Zd Ll } 2fb 6,/58)> *=3?2j6Ç12ƒTjM 6>[`9MOTcTjMO.`?Ç =./.1245ˆ: TjMZ0/24L5 =.1A0 =5 kMaVMO3 `?Ç =./.1245 < wÔ?5 =36dN2š0/24?5 9Y 6*yE78.šMO3?0/243Š>?M[Sz24>6>?243785858, 6>6,3 =>?2G>6Ç12r]d =78.š78.ƒ3?MOS/, ?>6.12 )ŠM=Vx—z–'bŽDGF'HGI…lu‚ŠÇ12 678T-,/?5 =>67PMO. Q< =,3 =Tj24>?24)3 +=3?2 * _ Ö ^ &-` =36367P24)3 3=.1a0 ` Ö -^Œ:–MO3j—zb– ,=Tc?24365P-2 9KN243 74j< ?24,10/M=bp,3 =.10/MOT MO.12-e]78>66Ç 6!7 ,L2R@ Cœ=c¥ =.10Œ0u,/3678./cd cVÔ,3 =Tj2->6Ç12Q`?Ç =./.1245'7 W>678Tj2fbp78.XK =36?7 =.X=> =.10s7  T2 7O`4>658YRiZ.1MLe]6. =>]>6Ç12t3?29`92478KN243Ll




















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Bit error rate − 64QAM − Channel E − Rate 3/4

Packet error rate − 64QAM − Channel E − Rate 3/4

0

10

−1

PER

BER

10

−1

10

−2

10

OLA Unbiased FAST Zero−forcing Unbiased MMSE

−3

10

15

−2

10

OLA Unbiased FAST Zero−forcing Unbiased MMSE

FÃ78dC,/3?2 u8 lœu@CÆ  ~< } =.10– ~< } V_MO3W—z–;29Èv,=587!,L243)LlE:EÇ=./.1245 < b =O ¥ + I

16

17

18

19 20 Eb/N0 (dB)

21

22

23

24

15

16

17

18

19 20 Eb/N0 (dB)

21

22

23

24

42 .1`9MZ0/243[0/2 1 .1290‡78.‡MZ`4>,=5V_MO36T SXYžwI8uB’‘Cyflj†”>[`-=.&S\2jMOS?2436KN290&>6Ç=>{>6Ç12š› V } 3?29ÈX,/783?290&>?MMOS/>,=78.A – 6Ç=.šœO0 7 V×z–'bŽDGF'HJI(7~,?290j78.6>?2-O0ƒM=VÃ:–'bŽDGF'HJI"l VWMO>?2r>6Ç=> >6Ç12 ?243{œš0/29`9MZ0u78./d ?>?246>?243J>6Ç=.€>6Ç=>{M=VŠ:–'bŽDGF'HJI ŸV>?243 S 78>?24,3 =>67PMO. Ll~nG24.1`92CB/29Èv, =58!7 ,&=>67PMO.`9MOTc”Ya7 Š.1MO>]>6Ç12tMO./58YR]>?Mc`9MO. 67P0/243]7 V'78>?24,3 =>678KN2t0/29`9MZ0u78./d 7W, ?290glJ†„>G-` =.sS\*2 =5 kMƒ78.uV_24363?290Œ>6Ç =>W>6Ç12-?MX6,/S6>,=.v>67?=5r?243,=>678KN20/29`9MZ0u78./d‡7c>6ÇX, >?29`?Ç/./7PÈv,12s>6Ç=>RT-,6>ƒS\2>6Ç1MO,/dCÇv>Re]Ç124. 0/2678dC./78./da?MOTj2AV,/>6,/3?2K6Y16>?24T%Ll †”>jÇ( =5?M‡S\2 6Ç1Moe]. >6Ç =>•>6Ç12ˆSXYQ78>?24,3 =>678KN2W0/29`9MZ0u78./d[7  678dC./ 7 |-` =.X>658Yj78.1`43?-2 (k290jSXYƒ—z–'bŽDGF'HJI…l nG24.1`92 415 68;:J< F -/0)0 OAN R  *NS=E/ 7&- "7)$&%   E

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PER with interleaving on 1024 bits − Coder of rate 3/4 with memory 2 − Channel C 0

10

CP − 1 It.

−1

10

PER

ZP − 1 It.

CP − 2 It. CP − 8 It. −2

10

ZP − 2 It. ZP − 8 It. CP − Set partitioning ZP − Set partitioning

−3

10

7

8

9

10

11

12

13 14 Eb/N0 (dB)

15

16

17

18

19

Fx78dC,/3?298ulœCœuƍ:MOTc„e2924.€:–U=.10Œ—z–'bŽDGF'HGI e]78>6Ç78>?243,=>678KN2[0/29`9Mv0u78./d PER with interleaving on 256 bits − Coder of rate 3/4 with memory 6 − Channel E 0

10

−1

PER

10

−2

10

−3

10

CP − Gray labeling ZP − Set partitioning − 1 decoding ZP − Set partitioning − 2 decoding ZP − Set partitioning − 4 decoding ZP − Set partitioning − 8 decoding

−4

10

7

8

9

10

11

12 13 Eb/N0 (dB)

14

15

16

17

18

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[Ç 9KN2QS\2924.‡`9MO. 67P0/243?29:0 =.10€78>JeEMO,/5P0&S\2Q78.X>?243?2 ?>678./d >?Mjiv.1MoeÊ7 V kMOTj2JSz24>6>?243r`9MO. ?>?2458?5 =>67PMO. 6Ç =?24,3 =>678KN2[0/29`9MZ0u78./d1l 78>[eEMO,/5P0&S\2Q78.X>?243?2 6>678./ds>?Ma,/.10/24)3 6,> =.10&>6Ç12QV O`4>?MO3t>6Ç =>{5878Tc78,> =>?2 [>6Ç12c78Tc-S/3?MO,/dCÇv> SvY>6Ç12Q78>?24,3 =>678KN2c0/29`9MZ0u78./dšVMO3t`9MZ0/2 Je]78>6nj?5 =36dN2 V3?292Q0u7 6,> =.1`92Q`9MOTc< =3?290&>?Ma`9Mv0/2 JM=WV 6+T =585P243 Tj24TjMO36Y‡wÔ>?MZM 5PMO./dj5P24./dC>6Ç`4YZ`45P2  Ÿy + 5 ?M 78>]eEMO,/5PK0 =5 kMQSz2G78.X>?243?2 ?>678./dj>?3M 6>6,10uYš>6Ç12J78.u 1,124.1`92 w2Cl d1l~Kv?7 ->6Ç12J>6,3 =. ^V_243ŠVÔ,/.1`4>67PMO. ˆTj24>6Ç1Mv0AMO3], 678./dc>6Ç12J29Èv,/78(K =5P24.1`92{?290A78. 8ul¤ul 8NyŠM=Vx>6Ç12 ?5 =S\245878./dƒMO.>6Ç12{: H DSQTBU5>VXW>BU7YBU5C7?:A=9ZE:  @[:\Q H DSQ>:\Q]^DSQTF>Z  79BEDG5  8 ( W_:\:A5 H DG5T`  BEQ>:A=?:\Qa]  BU5>ZUbcOd=?DG]  = GH 79B -H  Z#QT=?: ) BU7lBU5m798>B IH 8  7?:A=IOn=?DG]  798;:\DG=?:A79B H- Z  5>VoZE:  5;Q^W>=9BU5>V  5^BU5  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BU]  79BEDG5 % =?:†=?:\ŸCF>BU=?:\QBU5DG=?Q>:A=N7?DmWL:  W>ZE:†7?D  ZUbk798;:  ZUV[DG=9BU798>] }H Z () B -H  ZUZUb F  :\QXOtDG= H 8  5>5;:AZƒQ>: H DCQTBU5>V†7?D{798;:  DP` -H  ZUZE:\5Q 4¤=?D ,: H 79BEDG65 4i=?DGW>ZE:A]whpœ  @SBU5>V^BEQ>:A5e79B‰ :\Qm798;:f=?:\ŸCF>BU=?:\Q H DG5;QTBU79BEDG5 J[g:q798;:A5  8;D|g¦8;DKgBU7 -H  5{WL:  =?D 7 BU]  7?:\Q^BU5  gp:AZUZžQ>:¤‰;5;:\Q{DG79BU]  Z  :A5  :  5;Q}8;D|g¦798>B   =?D 7 BU]  79BEDG5 -H  5 W_:RBU5e7?:A=9=?:A7?:\Q (/ =?D ,9: H 79BEDG5 h#§Š8;:A5 g:  8;DKg(8;DKg798>B / =?D 7 BU]  79BEDG5{BU]{< GH 7  798;:v798>=?:\:¤`  7?:A<  =?D H :\QTF>=?:  5;Q(8;DKg BU7  ZUZEDKg  7?Da=?DG: H DCQTBU5>V  ZUV[DG=9BU798>]wh§Š8>B   ZUV[DG=9BU798>] H DG5  B  7  DPO 7  F>WT` W>ZED H ‘ L :A<  =  7?:\QvWeb  Q>:¤` BU5e7?:A=9ZE:  @[:A=Khp§Š8;:‹‰;=  7  F>WT` W>ZED H ‘ H DG=9=?:  BUZUBU76b†:A@  ZUF  79BEDG5vW>F>7pQTBU79BU@[:lDGVNDPO':A@  ZUF  79BU5>V ]  =9VoBU5  Z‹W>BU7†=?DGW  W>BUZUBU79BE:  Od=?DG] 798;:  bC]NW_DGZ  =?DGW  W>BUZUBU79BE:  h §Š8;:  : H DG5;Q  F>WT` W>ZED H 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J =
2 h Ž BU5 H :798;:c=?:  F>ZU79BU5>V  ZUV[DG=9BU798>] BU5e79=?DSQTF H :  5  =?D 7 BU]  79BEDG5 JŠ798;:c=?:  F>ZU7/B  5;DG7/:\ŸeF  Z‹7?D¥798;: €a—Y˜  DGZUF>79BEDG5  5ebS]^DG=?:oh^jk:^8  @[:  8;D|gq5BU5¥798;:{=?:A@SBEDGF MH 8  7?:A=M798  7i798;:^V  79F>=9WLDP` ZUBU‘[:NBU7?:A=  79BU@[:M=?D H :\QTF>=?: H DG5  B  79BU5>VvDPOrF  BU5>V/798;E: D =" R0  90* *N  =?DK@SBEQ>:\QvWeb/: GH 8  F>WT` W>ZED H ‘ (W H5 D   >BU5TOdDG=9]  79BEDG5vOtDG=R798;:lDG798;:A=  F>WT` W>ZED H ‘_hR~DG5  :\ŸCF;:A5e79ZUb[JTg: 79=9b{7?D : 7 Z  BU5vgq8eb†798;:‹BU7?:A=  79BU@[:Y79F>=9W_DP`šQ>: H DSQTBU5>V  ZUV[DG=9BU798>] Q>DC:  BU]{=?DK@[:l798;: H DG5e@[:A=9V[:A5 H :ohp4š5†798>B  V[D  Z JTgp:  Q>DG7  V[:\DG]^:A79=9B -H  Z ZUZUb H 8  = GH 7?:A=9BU™K:M798;:lBU7?:A=  79BU@[:  ZUV[DG=9BU798>] Web  F>WT` W>ZED H ‘  DGV…DG5=?DGW  W>BUZUBU76bQTB  79=9BUW>F>79BEDG5  ha€aDG=?: GH\H F>=  7?:AZUb[Jrgp:  5  ZUbC™K:v: GH 8¦Q>: H DSQTBU5>V  F>WT` W>ZED H ‘XWebv798;:iDGF>79BEDG5  798  7  =?:IBU]{ZUB H BU79ZUb ]  5>BUF>Z  7?:\Qhljk:M798;:A5  8;D|g]^DG=?:N=?: H B  :AZUbw8;D|g798;: Ž 4 Ž < Q>: H DSQTBU5>VcDGDGF>W>ZE:i=?D ,9: H 79BEDG5  ZUV[DG=9BU798>]&DG5e7?D  DG]^:f=?DG:¤‰;5;:\Q  < GH :  DPO#=?DGW  W>BUZUBU7šbaQTB  79=9BUW>F>79BEDG5  hjk: H DGA5 ,9: H 79F>=?:/798  7N798;:/Q>: H DSQTBU5>V  F>WT` W>ZED H ‘ -H  5  Z  DwWL: H 8  = GH 7?:A=9BU™K:\QBU5   BU]{BUZ  =Ng  b[hcjk:{‰;5  ZUZUb OtD H F  DG5798;:^BU5TOtDG=9]  79BEDG579=  5  Ot:A=i798  7ND H\H F>=  QTF>=9BU5>Vm798;:{=?DG<  V  79BEDG5DPOq: 7 79=9BU5  B H =?DGW  W>BUZUBU79BE:  798>=?DGF>Vo8¥798;:}BU7?:A=  79BU@[:{Q>: H DSQTBU5>V  ZUV[DG=9BU798>]  5;Q…gp:}=?DK@SBEQ>:  =?:  F>ZU7I798  7iDG=9BUVoBU5  7?:  Od=?DG]798;:NO GH 7 798  7^: 7 79=9BU5  B H  =?DGW  W>BUZUBU79BE:  =  798;:A={798  5  BUZUBU79BE:  =?:v=?DG<  V  7?:\Q¦798>=?DGF>Vo8¦798;: BU7?:A=  79BU@[:MQ>: H DSQTBU5>V  ZUV[DG=9BU798>]wh ~DG5 H :A=95>BU5>Vm798;:  7  7?:{DPOŠ798;:  =97KJ 798;: ‰;=  7  F>798;DG=  7?Dc=?: H DGVo5>BU™K:{798;:{BU]{ZUZUW GH ‘C` ” :ABUW>ZE:A= H DG5 H :A7  OdDG=iQ>: H DSQTBU5>Vcgp:A=?: Ž 8;DG=?:  5;9Q BeDG8>5  DG5kBU5 .>=
DC J =

2  5;Q…BU5;Q>:A:A5e79ZU&b E  797  BUZ BU5 .>==F2 h‡‹: H :A5C79ZUb  :A@[:A=  ZI<  === GJ 7HTJ == 7>IJ HJ 2 8  @[:a=?DG=9WLD  ZUV[DG=9BU798>]  OdDG=R798;:YQ>: H DSQTBU5>VNDPO W>ZED H ‘{79F>=9WLD H DSQ>:  DG=p<  =  ZUZE:AZ H DG5 -H  7?:A5  7?:\QvW ( :\Q†DG5  BU]{BUZ  =pBEQ>: ( h €aDG=?:\DK@[:A=#798;:R=?:  Q>:A=  8;DGF>ZEQ  Z  DY=?:¤Od:A=–7?D . H
J = C
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