France Berkeley Fund Annual Report 2006-2007

A Bi-National Research Grant Program Fourteen years of Cooperation

Susanna Barrows Executive Director

Michelle Bertho Program Coordinator

France Berkeley Fund Institute of European Studies 203 Moses Hall, MC 2316 University of California Berkeley, CA 94720-2316 [email protected] ies.berkeley.edu/fbf (510) 643-5799 Marie-Christine Ponamale Ministère des Affaires Étrangères Direction de la Coopération Scientifique Universitaire et de la Recherche 244 Blvd Saint Germain 75303 Paris 07 SP [email protected] FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

1

Executive Committee

Robert J. Birgeneau Chancellor, University of California, Berkeley Antoine Grassin Director of University and Scientific Cooperation, French Ministry of Foreign Affairs Beth Burnside Vice Chancellor for Research, University of California, Berkeley John Lie Dean, International and Area Studies, University of California, Berkeley Sussana Barrows Professor, Executive Director of FBF Frederic Desagneaux Consul Général, Consulat Général de France à San Francisco Steven Chu Director, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics Tyler Stovall Professor of History, AssociateDean of Social Sciences Christian Amatore President of the French Evaluation Committee, Member of the Academie des Sciences Krishna Niyogi Professor, Co-Chair, Berkeley Evaluation Committee, UC Berkeley Michel Israel Counselor for Science and Technology French Ambassy in the United States. Karen Rispal Cultural Counselor French Ambassy in the United States.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

2

Evaluation Committee

Krishna Niyogi Co-Chair, Berkeley Evaluation Committee,UC Berkeley Kenneth Sauer Co-Chair, Berkeley Evaluation Committee,UC Berkeley Susanna Barrows Director Executive of the France Berkeley Fund Tyler Stovall Professor of History, Associate Dean of Social Sciences Christian Amatore President of the French Evaluation Committee

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

3

Comité de Parrainage

Jean-David Levitte Ambassadeur de France aux Etats-Unis Robert J. Birgeneau Chancellor, University of California, Berkeley Steven Chu Director, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Nobel Prize in Physics 1997 Pierre Gilles de Gennes Professor, Collège de France, 1991 Nobel Prize in Physics Stanley Hoffman Buttenwieser University Professor, Harvard University, Center for European Studies Jean-Marie Lehn Professor Collège de France, Nobel Prize in Chemistry Alain Merieux Docteur en Pharmacie, Institut Merieux, Chairman of the Board. Kent Nagano Director of Music, Opéra de Lyon Craig Roberts Stapleton Ambassador of the United States to France Edward Hallam Tuck Shearman & Sterling, LLP Alice Waters Restaurateur, Chez Panisse Frederic Desagneaux: Consul Général Of France , San Francisco Beth Burnside: Vice Chancellor for Research and Professor of Cell Developmental Bio UC Berkeley

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

4

France Berkeley Fund Annual Report 2007

TABLE OF CONTENTS

7 8

Leadership From the Director of FBF From the Chair of French Studies program

9-12

Visiting Faculty Report

13

Berkeley-CNRS Exchange

15-17

FBF 2007 Granted Projects

19-84

IInterim Reports (Projects 2006)

85-126

Final Reports (Projects 2005)

Appendix 127-152 Funded Projects Since 1994 by Year 153-176 Funded Projects Since 1994 by Field of Research 177-179 Statistics

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

5

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

6

FBF Director’s Foreword 2006-2007 Annual Report 2006-2007 was a gratifying year for the France Berkeley Fund. Applications for grants reached an all-time high to 95 (twice the number for 2003- see statistics page xxx), and the dossiers submitted represented were increasingly diverse, both by field and by campus, including the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. Income from the FBF endowment rose by 9%; and that income was supplemented by the generous additional support from Vice Chancellor for research Beth Burnside, from the directors of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, and from the Deans of UC Santa Cruz and UC Davis. We owe many thanks for their continued support of the fund. Meeting in Paris in May, the combined French and Berkeley committees were able to award 20 grants, the highest number in the history of the Fund, but we agreed that there were many more worthy proposals than funds on hand. The committee discussed at length opportunities for increased support in the future, including fundraising for the endowment and additional grants. We were delighted to learn at the end of this meeting that Frederic Bellido de la DREIC, Ministère de l’Education Nationale from the Ministry of Research has committed US$50 000 to the operating fund to next year, along with the continued support of the Vice Chancellor's office. We would like to thank the Vice Chancellor for Research Beth Burnside, Professor Graham Fleming from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Dean John Lie of IAS for their continued support and generosity, and both UC Santa Cruz and UC Davis for their assistance in funding proposals from those institutions. The France Berkeley Fund owes its success to many invaluable supporters. For the past three years, The Consul general, Mr. Frederic Desagneaux, has provided much support for the Fund. We are grateful as well to the cultural attaché, Mr. Christophe Musitelli who have contributed greatly to the deliberations of the executive committee and to the planning of the meetings. The local members of the executive committee, Professor Krishna Nyogi, Kenneth Sauer, and Tyler Stovall, deserve many thanks for their sustained and dedicated service. At the Institute for European Studies, Gia White Forbes and Beverly Crawford have helped to ensure the smooth dayto-day operations of the Fund. Finally, no acknowledgement could be complete without singling out Michelle Bertho, the program Coordinator for the Fund, whose talents and organizational skills have steamlined both the evaluation process and thecoordination of the French and Berkeley committees. Since its inception, the Fund has awarded more than 200 grants to faculty and researchers at UC Berkeley, UC Santa Cruz, UC Davis, and the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory who have undertaken collaborative projects with some 50 French laboratories and universities. Given the growing number of applications, we would like to increase the endowment of the fund at least to maintain the proportion of projects which clearly deserve our support. A growing endowment would enable the fund to underwrite more collaborative research projects and thus to forge important and lasting ties between scholars in both countries. An increase of the endowment, be it from campus fundraising or from the private sector, would ensure that in the future, the FBF will be able to accommodate the growing number of researchers who have applied for funding. Susanna Barrows, Executive Director

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

7

The French Studies Program Chair’s Foreword 2005-2006 Annual Report

We were delighted to cosponsor a conference on "Poetry of the Everyday" which brought together scholars specializing in literature, philosophy, music, and film, as well as contemporary artists and poets. The large audience revealed an unquestionable interest in multiple forms of contemporary cultural expressions. In November, we cosponsored the Deleuze conference on media and movement where participated a number of faculty from various departments, from Comparative Literature to Spanish, from Rhetoric to Information Science and Technology, from English to Phillosphy. In April, more than one hundred people assisted at the round table on the then forthcoming French presidential elections; Professor Laurent Bouvier, professor of Political Science and Political Theory at the University of Nice and Sciences Politiques, joined Prof Jonah Levy, professor of Political Science at Berkeley and Anne Songes, journalist at Le Figaro and France Today. In addition to these collective activities, the program sponsored a number of seminars and lectures. Dr. Wim Weysmans gave two seminars, one on Madness and Modernity, the other on Lefort, Gauchet, and Rosenvallon on democracy and its institutions. In January, Professor François Verniolle de Chantal of the Université de Bourgogne in Dijon, lectured on the European integration process in comparative perspective. .Kevin Karpiak, (a graduate student in the anthropology department at Berkeley) presented his research on the French banlieue riots of 2005 and the politics of neoliberal policing. Gabrielle Bouleau (CMAGREF) lectured on a new institutionaslist and historical approach of the French river management. Annie Stora-Lamarre, professor of history at the Université de Franche-Comté in Besançon, who led a seminar on law and "la République des Faibles" in the Third Republic. We owe thanks to the French government, to the Institute of European Studies, and to the cultural attaché in San Francisco, Mr. Christophe Musitelli for their continued support of our programs. And on behalf of all of us who have benefited from the French Studies program, I would like to express our continuing gratitude to our talented and resourceful program coordinator, Michelle Bertho.

Susanna Barrows Chair of the Department

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

8

Visiting Faculty Report 2007 Annual Report Annie Stora-Lamarre The " incapable " (weak) of the Republic They have a body, sexual drives, "pulsions". The Republic of the weak highlights the most relevant aspects of a difficult birth, that of a new man with moral standards (an ethic) given to him by the republican law (1880-1914): he is to be distinguished (he has nothing in common with from the ancestral representation of the monster or from the image of a man submitted to his "animality". This view is supported by the theses of a dawning (new) science, criminal anthropology. This juridical birth reveals the depth (importance of the republican feeling of uneasiness (ill-being) delinquency, violence, the decrease in the birth rate; but at the same time this important crisis brings about a new ideal: the emergence that in a space defined by law and right a new hope may be found to suppress (to stamp out/to regulate) the forces of destruction of which the " weak," in a moral, sense, are victims. This enterprise will summon up political procedures, the Parliament, the Senate, a whole range of juridical literature (new magazines treating of civil, criminal and international law) will give birth to big moral institutions such as the Academy of Moral and political Sciences or the Social Museum, European institutions such as the Institute of International law founded in 1873. My point of view: "emotional disengagement" Why this interest for the law? It seemed to me that recourse to the law was a mean which made it possible to find a common explanation for poverty, exclusion, evil and unhappiness. The apparent coldness of the law (has) enabled me to have some distance and impartiality to analyze laws makers as private persons confronted to the others, men or women defined as weak by the Republic : men or women with grievances (complaints) sufferings. My wish was to be impartial mental) to have an unemotional and intellectual attitude. Juridical legal sources seemed the best to put into practice what Norbert Elias calls "emotional disengagement" What is the place of law in the historical field? How did law nourish history? It raises many questions as if law without any historical background had a natural impact on human behavior. To give a meaning to this history of republican law, I integrated into the legal field sources which are not exclusively juridical (legal) such as writings about criminal events or the work of Alfred Fouilllee, a philosopher whose production focused on the idea/concept of law. So we have to study other protagonists, sometimes unknown to understand the deeper motivations of this vast juridical enterprise, representative of a democratic desire to view man as creature endowed with reason although he is sometimes seen as weak, incapable lost or unhappy. What are these laws speaking about? It is on the collapse of the republican body (society on the worries and fantasies of the time that the republican legislators will found base their enterprise. It is by understanding the intensity of the crisis that they found a remedy by going through a moral and political metamorphosis by and for the law. Degradation asks for restoration and law which stands between emotions and politics will help to create social links. Then I am going to talk about what it was to be a fragile men, seduced women "l'étranger" or the criminal. These laws have to do with the emotional part of man and his feeling, with his body well as his soul, both tormented by the vicissitudes of this end of the century.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

9

Visiting Faculty Report 2007 Annual Report

These laws will now include a whole range of characters (people) (guilty fathers, readers) and we will treat them as separate and unique individuals, victims of their moral incapacity. II. Combattre le discours des " évidences " sur le front d'une guerre des lois. " The culture of hate ". Ils ont mené un dur combat. Why? Who are these jurists (religious or political convictions? Where are their moral and social laboratories?) It was a very difficult task for the committees defending accused children brought before the courts to make people understand that these children could be victims. This notion will be accepted only at the end of the 19th century. How was moral view of things changed into a juridical (legal) one? How the prostitute can be envisaged as a mother? Law which is supposed to have no history will be the expression of the deep crises republican society and the jurist will help to "decode "its social aspects. A man fighting evil by himself will always be defeated. He can be saved only if he fights together with the others and by using the law. These laws do not exist. III. How these considerations on evil related to law? Le rôle des laboratoires, des philosophes de la République : Nature des théories dans une société qui se démocratise et qui construit la laïcité. A very important question has to be raised about the nature of man. The basis of criminal anthropology is a close observation of the body and of any physical signs indicating the presence of in born perversions. If one admits the truth of this approach, there is any place left for a possible redemption of recovery. This is why jurists have an innovative approach opposed to the pessimistic view making by criminal anthropologists. For jurists also, the bodies of the "incapables", their drives have to restitute. These jurists of "La Société Générale des Prisons" will also give a soul, a mind, a spirit to the populations. But, the notion of monsters must be rejected against the anthropological nature of the young criminal. How? That is why the law uses of a whole variety of symbols. The hand represents the physical strength of men and becomes the symbol of power and might. At the same time, the hand is still the symbol of alliance fidelity, peace and hospitality. Against a culture of hate and novels written at the end of the century about the "Hors nature" or "les soleils morts" de Camille Mauclair (considerable use of the literature "fin de siècle", jurists want to write another historical and intelligible scenario and constitute a memory of laws. Roman law has a most essential place, because it deals with the status civilization Christianity and canon low focus on the " sprit of love, The heritage of romanticism and Jhering's doctrine (1818-1892) : it is based on the German juridical doctrine for which law is always changing and adapting. This notion of evolution will give arguments to the jurists of the Republic to object to traditions, to reject the fixity of juridical heritage. A memory of law is born. While the Roman law with its materialistic side insists on the necessity of separating religion from politics, canon law reminds society of the commitment of Christians. For the republican jurist, history serves to cement the elites to build a social law which cannot be dispensed with. The protection of individuals now free from vassalage, is at he heart of jurists' preoccupations between order and freedom.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

10

Visiting Faculty Report 2007 Annual Report

An Ever Closer Union ? The European Integration Process in Comparative Perspective . January 22, 2007

François Vergniolle de Chantal is Associate Professor (University of Burgundy - Dijon - France). He published Fédéralisme et antifédéralisme, Paris, PUF (Presses Universitaires de France), 2005, coll. " Que Sais-Je ? ", and Le fédéralisme américain en question, Dijon, EUD (Editions Universitaires de Dijon), coll. " Sociétés ", 2006.

1. The nature of federalism Before moving on to the study of federal development in the chosen case-studies, I would like to give a brief update on the meaning of the word "federalism". There are, at least, as many definitions of federalism and federation, as scholars writing on this issue! Academics very often disagree about the concept itself. Therefore, there are many contending definitions - there is no academic consensus. Semantic jungle! The term comes from the Latin word "foedus" that means "covenant" or "alliance" and "fides" - "trust". This word can be defined in three different ways. An institutional and legal definition. Cf Edward S. Corwin (1950): federalism results from the splitting of the atom of sovereignty - it is constitutional sharing of competences between two levels of government on the same territory, each level being supreme in its sphere of action. Cf also Riker's definition (1964) of federalism in terms of constitutionalised bargain: "Federalism is a political organization in which the activities of government are divided between regional governments and a central government in such a way that each kind of government has some activities on which it makes final decisions". Classical definition - aka "dual federalism". There are clearly identified competences that belong to each level of government. However, this clarity is misleading and in direct contradiction with historical developments in the US (cf the debate on the commerce clause to take one example) and in other federal countries. Hence the need for a more sophisticated definition given by various political thinkers. A philosophical definition. Philosophy to the rescue of a narrow legalistic reading. As illustrated by the writings of James Madison in The Federalist Papers (n°39). Political thinkers have tried to find a solution to the federal mystery: how is it possible to have two levels of political authorities co-exist on the same territory? It doesn't make any logical sense! Cf Max Weber again: political power is based on the monopolization of the legitimate violence on a given territory - this excludes any type of dual system. Then, the philosophical question is: how to balance the two levels of government? And in the background lies an even more fundamental question, namely, where is sovereignty located in a federal system? Madison's famous answer: the 1787 federal system is a mix between national/unitary systems and a confederation (the government "appears to be of a mixed character, presenting at least as many federal as national features" - the constitution "is neither wholly national nor wholly federal" - "the proposed constitution is neither a national nor a federal constitution, but a composition of both" - p.258/259 from Kramnick). Within that framework, each level of government is a delegate of one united American people - a specific channel for performing a given set of tasks. Sovereignty thus lies within the American people. he sovereign power is incarnated: not the States or the government, but the people itself (Chopin, 2002)! Federalism and democracy are thus strongly linked. It is up to the people to decide struggles between the different levels of government. Federalim is thus defined as an unstable process whose balance is certain to change depending on what the American people wants (favor States' governments or the federal government? Through the Court?). Federal countries are thus perpetually in flux…

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

11

Visiting Faculty Report 2007 Annual Report

An ideological definition. This analysis is not value-neutral. The federal configuration conveys specific values. The vertical division of power as a means of promoting a specific ideology. What's striking about it is not its existence but that federalism cuts both ways in ideological terms. Federalism can be both right-wing and left-wing. Cf Republican values in late 18th century America. Cf Socialism by Proudhon, Du Principe Fédératif (1863) - federalism as "organized anarchy"! Cf the current conservative movement in the US - States' rights vs the ever-threatening "Big Government"! Also, historically, religious roots: Protestant values in 17th century Europe (J. Althusius) - Catholic social thinking in late 19th century France and personalist/regionalist thinkers in the 1930s (Denis de Rougemont, Alexandre Marc, Raymond Aron, Guy Héraud). In other words: many widely different ideologies…US Republicans would certainly be surprised to be associated with a famous French socialist!! The only common point: to promote a decentralised alternative to the centralisation of the nation state - to emphasize the importance of local autonomies in the economic, social and political fields. The word "federalism" has also journeyed by itself/ experienced a semantic shift (glissement sémantique?): Tocqueville underlined the ambiguity of the word as early as the 1830s in Democracy in America (Chopin, 2001). Either centralization or decentralization. At the beginning: centralization with the US FF. Nowadays in the US: decentralization. In Europe, the meaning is simply not fixed: different meanings are attributed by different people. In France, the word doesn't make any sense at all. Cf monarchical absolutism (Bodin) - republican jacobinism (Robespierre): federalism is associated to the past - to feudalism, inefficiency, local corruption. During the "Terreur" in the early 1790s, Robespierre even turned "federalism" into a political crime in revolutionary France (Lacorne, 2003). Finally, I would like to add a brief footnote: the word "federation" refers to the political system itself - the articulation between States and the central government. Federalism is thus the organisational principle of federalism. The word "federal state", which doesn't make much sense in the American context but which you find in British litterature, is an awkward expression since it refers to one part of the system (the central government) as well as the whole system (central governments + States' governments). I will thus not use it. All these meanings lead us to one common point between the - many - forms of federalism - the many ways of interpreting it: each wants to combine territorial plurality with political unity - find a balance between the two. Just as Madison said, federalism is an alternative to both the unitary integration and the confederal disintegration/instability. But the use of the singular here is misleading, since federalism may have several balances. Federal systems change over time and according to geographical conditions. Let's have a look at various federal balances: three of them - the US, Canada, and Australia. 2. Case studies of federal political development To characterize federal balances, I would like to rely on two concepts, "territorialization" on one hand, and "nationalization" on the other hand (McKay, 2001). Federal balance may be read along an axis ranging from "territorialization" to "nationalization". Definition of the first: fragmentation of a federation along geographical lines, thus preventing the development of common integration. Definition of the second (the opposite!): the creation of a legitimate public sphere/space for the whole federation, thus transcending territorial particularisms. The best indicator of the various shifts along this axis is political parties: indeed, the overlap between a party and a territory is an ominous sign of decay for a federal system; at this stage, the whole federal system itself is mis en cause (compromized/criticized), thus preventing the creation of a national consensus on the legitimacy of the federal decision-making process. (cont.)

PDF of this paper available on request FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

12

Berkeley-CNRS Exchange 2005-2006 Annual Report 2008 Call for Applications

We are pleased to issue a call for applications for the UCB-CNRS Faculty Exchange Program in the humanities and social sciences (including cognitive science and geography). The exchange agreement provides for faculty exchanges of three months maximum. Preference will be given to those applicants who work on a project in conjunction with a French colleague. Each participant in the exchange will be paid by his or her home institution. UCB faculty will receive $1,200 per month of residence at CNRS as a living allowance. All proposals must be submitted electronically in English via our web-site in WORD format. The complete application must include the following documentation in the order listed below: 1. A description of the project, including a timetable for completion, not to exceed FIVE pages. This description should indicate how the project contributes to scientific knowledge and research methods within the applicants' field; the nature of the collaboration proposed, 2. A detailed budget-indicating a breakdown of the budget request by category (airfares, stipend, etc.) and an account of other sources of funding (potential and actual)-not to exceed ONE page. 3. A curriculum vitae of each project coordinator not to exceed TWO pages each (including list of publications for the last four years). 4. An invitation letter from the Director of the host institution.

The deadline to apply is November 30th, 2008.

Please send applications by mail to:

Michelle Bertho IES 203 Moses Hall-MC 2316 Berkeley, CA 94720-2316 Mail : [email protected] (510) 643-5799

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

13

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

14

2007 Granted Projects

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

15

France-Berkeley Fund 2007 Granted Projects

Michael Jordan,Computer Science Division and Depart. of Statistics, University of California Berkeley Francis Bach & Jean-Philippe Vert, Centre de Morphologie Mathémathique, Centre de Bioinformatique, École des Mines, Paris, France Inference and Learning in Dynamic Graphical Models, with Applications to Speech and Bio-Informatics. David Feldheim, Depart. of Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz Fanny Mann , IBDML, CNRS UMR 6216 Marseille, France. Monitoring the Assembly and Function of Retinal Circuits. Alexandre Bayen , Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Berkeley. Xavier Litrico , CEMAGREF - UMR G-Eau, Montpellier, France Modeling and Data Assimilation of Semi-Automated Water Distribution Canal Networks. Jeffrey R. Long , Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley. Rodolphe Clérac, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UPR CNRS 8641, Pessac, France. Photomagnetic Metal-Cyanide Clusters. Maria Schonbek, Department of Mathematics, University of California Santa Cruz. Dragos Iftimie, Institut Camille Jordan, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France Asymptotic Behavior for the Quasi-Geostrophic System and the Euler Equations. Maciej Zworski, Department of Mathematics, University of California Berkeley. Nicolas Burq, Departement de Mathematiques, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France Mathematical Aspects of Semiclassical Approximation. Brian A. Catlos, Department of History, University of California Santa Cruz. Damien Coulon, UFR des Sciences Historiques, Université Marc-Bloch, Strasbourg, France Inter-Confessional Relations and Trade in the Medieval Mediterrenean. Richard M. Allen, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California Berkeley. Nikolai Shapiro, Département de Sismologie, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Paris, France Seismic Tremor: A new Window to Monitor SeismicéAseismic coupling at Depth and Improve Earthquake Forecasting. Hitoshi Murayama, Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley . Emilian Dudas, École Polytechnique, Palaisseau, France. Electroweak Symmetry Breaking in the LHC Era. El Karoui Nouredine, Department of Statistics, University of California Berkeley. Touzi Nizar & El Karoui Nicole, centre de Mathématiques Appliquées, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France. Random Matrix Theory and Mathematical Finance.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

16

France-Berkeley Fund 2007 Granted Projects

George Roderick, Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley. Maria Navajas, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Biologie et Gestion des Populations, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France Invasive Insects and Mites of Mediterranean Climates. Kristin Scott, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, & Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley. Frederic Marion-Poll, INRA, Physiologie de lèInsecte:Signalisation et Communication, Versaille, France. Diversity of Bitter Tastes in Drosophila. Xiaoye Sherry Li, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Iain S. Duff, CERFACS, Parallel Algorithms Project, Toulouse, France. Scalable Sparse Linear Equation Solvers on Emerging Petascale Computers. Warren Pickett, Department of Physics, University of California Davis. Mébarek Alouani, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France Charge Mismatch and Magnetism at Interfaces. Bruce E. Cain, Institute of Governmental Studies, University of California Berkeley. Frédérick Douzet, Institut Français de Géopolitique, Université de Paris 8, Saint Denis, France Immigration, Segregation and Urban tension in France and California. Ann Banfield, College of Letters and Science, University of California Berkeley. Gilles Philippe, Université Stendhal, Grenoble, France. Linguistics and the Language Arts: Developing New Research Programs. Ali Belkacem, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Hamed Merdji, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique, Centre d’Étude de Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France. Development of High Intensity High Harmonic System for Studies of Non-Linear X-Ray Optics. Qing-Zhu Yin, Department of Geology, University of California Davis. Philippe Gillet, Laboratoire des Sciences de la Terre, École Normale Supérieure, Lyon, France. Davis-Lyon Joint Investigation of Non-Traditional Stable Isotope Systematmics in the Early Solar System Materials. Richard Kern, French Department, University of California Berkeley. Christine Develotte, École Normale Supérieure, Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Lyon, France. Rethinking Language Teaching in the Digital Age: French and American Perspectives on Technology and Pedagogy. Alison M. Berry, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis. Philippe Normand, CNRS- UMR 5557 Écologie Microbienne, Villeurbanne, France. Global Computational Approaches to Discovery of Microbial Gene Function and Evolution: Phylogenomic Comparaison of Two Plant-Associated Actinobacteria, the Thermotolerant Biomass-Degrader Acidothermus, and the Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixer Frankia. FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

17

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

18

Interim Reports 2006-2007

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

19

Gary Karpen , Dept. Of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley Genevieve Almouzni , Institut Curie/Section de recherche, UMR218 High-resolution analysis of mouse centrometric heterochromatin organization.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. The key goal of the collaborative effort between the laboratories of Dr. G. Karpen and Dr. G. Almouzni is to improve our understanding of centromere organization and function in the mouse, by combining the intellectual and technical expertise of our laboratories. An initial visit of Dr. Aline Probst to the laboratory of Dr. Karpen has allowed gaining technical expertise in the preparation of chromatin fibers using Drosophila and mammalian cells. Together with the PhD student Tomislav Horvat we are currently in the progress of optimizing the protocol for mouse culture cells and to adapt the technique with the aim of preserving complete nucleosomes as well as chromatin binding proteins. We are also in the progress of optimizing the combination of immunofluorescence staining with the detection of centromeric and pericentromeric satellite sequences. The availability of mutant cell lines as well as RNAi technology in the lab will further allow us to investigate the changes in organization of centromeric chromatin and its replication in the absence of histone chaperones or chromatin modifiers. 2) Names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project: The participants in the project were: -Dr. Aline Probst (Post-Doc),-Tomislav Horvat (PhD Student),- Dr. Geneviève Almouzni (Directeur de Recherche), Dr. Gary Karpen (Senior Scientist, LBNL, Adjunct Professor, UC Berkeley), Matt Eckerle (PhD Student) 3) List all publications resulting from this project. Include journal titles and issues/dates. Please include the addresses for all websites related to the project. Project in progress. 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? This initial project has been the basis for a further collaboration between the two labs to pursue further challenging questions in mammalian chromatin biology, specifically the relation between DNA damage response and a euchromatic or heterochromatic environment. 5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? This is under study. 6) Please give any recommendations or feedback you may have regarding the France-Berkeley Fund. It is definitely a great opportunity to initiate collaborations, it would be great if it could be increased in the amounts attributed and if possibilities for exchange of students could be envisioned. A small number could be selected and based on merits as a reward could have the option to follow some of the courses available in the distinct sites (i.e. Berkeley/versus Curie) FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

20

Andrew Chisholm , Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Santa Cruz Jonathan Ewbank, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy A kinase linking autophagy and innate immunity in C. elegans.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. Our original project was to analyze the role of death associated protein kinase in C. elegans innate immunity. In work funded in part by this award we have shown that DAPK loss of function results in constitutive activation of multiple antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the C. elegans epidermis, fulfilling aim 2A. Using the COPAS worm sorter in Marseille we showed that this upregulation is dependent on a p38 MAPK cascade acting in the epidermis. We have also isolated mutations that suppress DAPK epidermal defects (Aim 2B). These suppressors partly but not completely suppress the AMP upregulation of DAPK mutants. Conversely p38 MAPK mutations suppress AMP upregulation but not epidermal morphology defects. Taken together these results suggest DAPK inhibits two partly independent pathways, a p38 MAPK cascade responsible for AMP activation, and a second pathway that regulates epidermal secretion. We have also shown that physical wounding of the epidermis by needle or laser results in AMP upregulation and cuticle synthesis. Our results lead to a model in which DAPK actively holds in check epidermal wound responses until it is repressed by an as yet unknown mechanism that senses epidermal damage. 2) Names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project: Andrew Chisholm, Professor Amy Tong, graduate student Nathalie Pujol, Research Scientist, CIML Jonathan Ewbank, Group Leader, CIML 3) List all publications resulting from this project. Include journal titles and issues/dates. Please include the addresses for all websites related to the project No publications yet. 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? This award has helped to continue a long standing collaboration between the Ewbank and Chisholm laboratories on genes functionin epidermal innate immunity and development. This collaboration will continue beyond this particular project. 5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? 1 Travel Santa Cruz to Marseille in Sept 2006 ($3233) Fees for used of COPAS Biosort in CIML Marseille ($5065) We plan to apply for external funding from federal or state sources.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

21

Rebecca Heald, Department of Cell and Microbial Biology, UC Berkeley Andreas Merdes, ISTMT, CNRS Pierre Fabre, UMR2587, Toulouse In vitro approaches to study muscle morphogenesis.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. The goal of our collaborative project was to determine the role of microtubules in muscle cell differentiation. Development of muscle from precursor cells called myoblasts involves their withdrawal from the cell cycle, the onset of synthesis of specific proteins, cell fusion and a dramatic reorganization of the cytoskeleton to form contractile “myotubes”. At the beginning of this differentiation process, the microtubule cytoskeleton is reorganized from a radial pattern into an array of parallel fibers that are oriented along the long axis of the myoblasts. This reorganization is believed to be an important step in muscle cell differentiation, essential for elongation and subsequent fusion of muscle cells. However, the principles and molecular mechanisms behind the microtubule reorganization are poorly understood. It was reported that the ‘centrosome’, an organelle that is normally responsible for the organization of microtubules in undifferentiated cells loses its function as a microtubule organizing center, and that centrosome proteins redistribute in differentiating cells and accumulate at the surface of the nucleus. To identify key factors involved in this process, we used a combination of cell culture techniques and cell free extracts. a) Based on a series of preliminary observations on cell fusion experiments, we reasoned that undifferentiated cells contain receptors at the surface of their nucleus that can potentially anchor centrosome proteins, but that posttranslational modifications of these receptors or of the centrosome proteins are required during differentiation to enable relocalization to the nuclear surface. Once modified, relocalization of centrosome proteins would cause the reorganization of the microtubule cytoskeleton. To test this concept, we decided to develop an assay based on the use of purified nuclei and cytoplasmic extracts. During a visit of Dr Heald in Dr Merdes’ laboratory during July/August 2006, we isolated nuclei from undifferentiated and differentiated muscle cells and tested their ability to induce a differentiation-specific microtubule pattern by combining them with cytoplasmic extracts from Xenopus eggs. Nuclei from undifferentiated myoblasts contained a single, intact centrosome tightly associated with the nuclear surface. Consequently, isolated nuclei from these cells nucleated a single centrosomal aster in extracts. In contrast, myotube nuclei relocalized centrosome proteins all over their outer surface and therefore generated a sun-like pattern in vitro. These experiments indicated that the changes in microtubule organization occurring during differentiation could in principle be recapitulated in vitro, in a cell-free assay. Moreover, this assay allowed us to inhibit the function of proteins involved in centrosome and microtubule reorganization by adding function-blocking antibodies. This strategy was followed up together with two colleagues in Dr. Merdes’ laboratory, Drs. Aude Espigat-Georger and Laurent Mazzolini, and complemented by additional experiments in cell culture using silencing of protein expression with small inhibitory RNA. Our first experiments indicated that members of the nesprin family, in particular the protein nesprin 1, are located at the nuclear surface of differentiating myoblasts where they are required for the anchoring of centrosome proteins such as PCM-1. This work is currently continued in Dr. Merdes’ group. b) An additional experimental strategy is being pursued, to investigate differential expression and potential post-translational modifications of nuclear and centrosome proteins responsible for centrosome protein reorganization during differentiation. These experiments involve the assembly of artificial nuclei around magnetic beads, to use them for purification of differentiation-specific nuclear receptors and centrosome proteins from cytoplasmic extracts from myoblasts and myotubes. Alterations between these two states of differentiation are detected by gel electrophoresis.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

22

Rebecca Heald, Department of Cell and Microbial Biology, UC Berkeley Andreas Merdes, ISTMT, CNRS Pierre Fabre, UMR2587, Toulouse In vitro approaches to study muscle morphogenesis.

These techniques are well established in Dr. Heald’s laboratory, and are currently being employed during a visit of Dr. Andreas Merdes at the UC Berkeley from 15th of July until the 20th of August 2007.

2) Give the names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etcof the participants in the project. CNRS UMR2587: Dr. Andreas Merdes (directeur de recherche); Dr. Laurent Mazzolini (chargé de recherche); Dr. Aude Espigat-Georger (postdoctoral fellow)UC Berkeley: Dr. Rebecca Heald (professor); Dr. Petr Kalab (associate specialist) 3) List all publications resulting from this project. Include journal titles and issues/dates. Please include the addresses for all websites related to the project. At this interim stage, the project hasn’t yielded any publications yet. 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? The scientific outcome of this project, i.e. understanding the molecular mechanisms that govern microtubule organization, is in the center of interest of both our research groups. We will continue this project on a collaborative basis, and we have recently obtained additional funding for this work from the AFM (Association Francaise contre les Myopathies). 5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? Expenditures until July 2007: Lab supplies Shipment costs Travel (airfare) Travel (accommodation)

$ 822 $ 185 $1834 $2510

We have recently received additional funding for this project from AFM (Association Francaise contre les Myopathies).

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

23

Rebecca Heald, Department of Cell and Microbial Biology, UC Berkeley Andreas Merdes, ISTMT, CNRS Pierre Fabre, UMR2587, Toulouse In vitro approaches to study muscle morphogenesis.

6) Please give any recommendations or feedback you may have regarding the France-Berkeley Fund. The generous funding from the France-Berkeley fund has enabled us to start a novel collaborative project; in particular the funding of travel has allowed us to visit each other and directly combine the expertise of our two groups in the most efficient manner. We appreciate very much the flexibility that the France-Berkeley Fund has allowed us.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

24

Marian Feldman , Department of Near Eastern Studies, UC Berkeley Michele Casanova, Département d’Histoire de l’Art et Archéologie,UFR Arts, Universite de Rennes 2 Luxury Goods: Production, Exchange, and Heritage in the Near East during the Bronze and Iron Ages.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. The project, which involves the organization of two workshops – one in Berkeley and one in France – was postponed one year because of a maternity leave. To date, my French colleague Michèle Casanova and I have begun the process of arranging the dates for the two workshops and finalizing the list of participants. 2) Give the names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project.

From Berkeley: Aaron Brody, Associate Professor at the Pacific School of Religion, GTU; Marian Feldman, Associate Professor of Near Eastern Studies; Cathleen Keller, Associate Professor of Near Eastern Studies; Carol Redmount, Associate Professor of Near Eastern Studies; Brian Brown, graduate student, Near Eastern Studies; Catherine Demos, graduate student Near Eastern Studies; Stephanie Langin-Hooper, graduate student, Near Eastern Studies; Jean Li, graduate student, Near Eastern Studies; Rebecca Martin, graduate student, History of Art; Catherine Painter, graduate student, Near Eastern Studies

From France: Michèle Casanova, Maître de conférences, Histoire de l'art et Archéologie du Proche-Orient ancien, Université de Rennes 2, UMR 7041, Equipe Du village à l'Etat au Proche et Moyen-Orient, CNRS, Nanterre; Serge Cleuziou, Professeur, Archéologie orientale, Université de Paris I - Panthéon-Sorbonne, directeur de l'équipe Du village à l'Etat au Proche et Moyen-Orient, UMR 7041, CNRS, Nanterre; Eric Fouache, Professeur, Géographie physique, Université Paris 12 - Val-de-Marne, directeur de l'équipe EA 435 Géodynamique des milieux naturels et de l'environnement, Paris XII; Christine Lorre, Conservateur du patrimoine, Archéologie et histoire de l’art de l’Égypte antique, Département d’Archéologie comparée, Musée des Antiquités nationales de Saint-Germain-en-Laye; David Warburton, Acting Assistant Professor, Université d’Aarhus, Danemark, Professeur invité, Université de Lyon 2, Near Eastern and Egyptology Studies; Sophie Cluzan, Conservateur du patrimoine, Département des Antiquités orientales, Musée du Louvre; Emmanuelle Hubert, post-doc, Near Eastern Studies; François Debrabant, graduate student, Near Eastern Studies; Guillaume Gernez, doctorant, graduate student, Near Eastern Studies; Frédéric Guyot, graduate student, Near Eastern and Egyptology Studies; Rouhollah Shirazi, graduate student, Near Eastern Studies; Catherine Lazzarini, graduate student, Near Eastern Studies ; Caroline Sauvage, post-doc, Near Eastern Studies; Elisabeth Dodinet, graduate student, Mediterranean and Near Eastern Studies; Francesca Onnis, Mediterranean and Near Eastern Studies.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

25

Marian Feldman , Department of Near Eastern Studies, UC Berkeley Michele Casanova, Département d’Histoire de l’Art et Archéologie,UFR Arts, Universite de Rennes 2 Luxury Goods: Production, Exchange, and Heritage in the Near East during the Bronze and Iron Ages.

3) List all publications resulting from this project. Include journal titles and issues/dates. Please include the addresses for all websites related to the project. None to date although the proceedings of the workshops are planned as a publication. 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? I have been working closely with Michèle Casanova to put these workshops together. However, we anticipate that even more collaborative relationships will develop from the interactions during the workshops themselves, when there will be ample time included for informal scholarly discussions and socializing in addition to the formal papers. 5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? The funds have not yet been spent due to the postponement of the workshops. Both Casanova and I envision applying for additional funds to help cover the expenses for the workshops. This will be especially crucial given the current low value of the dollar to the euro.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

26

Alessandra Lanzara, Institute of Physics, University of California Berkeley Matteo d'Astuto, Institute of Mineralogy and Physics of Condensed Matter,Universite Paris 6 Electron phonon interaction in new intercalculated layered system.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. This project aims to acquire fundamental understanding of the microscopic mechanism of electron-phonon coupling in low dimensional layered materials and to provide the basis for future development of novel materials as new superconductors and large thermoelectric power compounds. These materials are characterized by exceptional electronic and magnetic properties, which make them ideal candidates for a broad range of new enabling technologies as novel electronic devices, efficient energy transmission, etc. However, in order to realize the promise of these materials a microscopic understanding of low energy excitations and many body interactions is the next crucial step. The program is based on a strong experimental-theoretical collaboration and combines experimental and theoretical expertise to provide a closely coordinated effort in the design, synthesis, and characterization of new layered materials. The strength of our approach is to go beyond the current state of the art, focusing on both novel materials, currently available only by few groups around the world and state of the art experimental tools. More specifically this can be achieved by a close collaboration between the Institut de Minéralogie et Physique de Milieux Condensés (IMPMC) of the University "Pierre et Marie Curie" in Paris (France) and the University of Berkley (California) and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The two groups have well established leadership and highly complementary expertises relevant to this project. Namely, the IMPMC-Paris has a well established leadership in high pressure synthesis of layered transition metal sulphides, investigation of phonon dispersion by inelastic x-ray, light and neutron scattering experiments (IXS and INS) and ab-initio calculations. On the other hand the group at the University of California Berkley has well established leadership in experimental determination of the band structure and many body interactions in solids, using angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) as well as renormalization group theory studies. Finally, the synthesis of other graphite intercalated compounds as CaC6 will be realized in close collaboration with the Laboratoire de Chimie du Solide Minéral (LCSM) in Nancy (France). Some of these studies are currently under way. This will allow a closer exchange among the three groups by supporting scientific visit of theirs members, in particular Ph.D. or post-doc students, with a direct participation to the experiments performed in the collaborating group. The materials of interest for this study include a variety of layered systems as graphite intercalated compounds (GIC) and transition metal sulfides with the main goal to understand the microscopic origin functional properties as superconductivity or large thermoelectric power in these compounds. To achieve this, the main focus is given to reach a complete understanding of the electron-phonon interaction.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

27

Alessandra Lanzara, Institute of Physics, University of California Berkeley Matteo d'Astuto, Institute of Mineralogy and Physics of Condensed Matter,Universite Paris 6 Electron phonon interaction in new intercalculated layered system.

Results: At present, we have run 4 experiments using Inelastic X-ray and Neutron Scattering, 2 on the intercalated system CaC6 and 2 on cuprate High Temperature Superconductors (HTS), all of them in France. An ARPES experiment has also been performed at Berkeley on cuprate system and anotherr on CaC6 is currently under way. 1 more IXS experiment related to this project is programmed at ESRF (Grenoble), by the Paris team, in December 2007 as well as a last ARPES experiment in Berkeley. A. Electron-phonon interaction in CaC6 We have recently measured the phonon dispersion along the c axes and the in-plane phonon density of state. The results of Fig. 1 shows the phonon dispersion along c. This direction is perpendicular to the graphene sheets, and it is not expected to be affected by electron-phonon coupling. We have performed such measurements using both Inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) at ESRF (Grenoble) and Inelastic Neutron Scattering (INS) at the Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (Saclay). The experimental results show good agreement to the ab-initio calculation, but for an additional mode at about 2 THz. The origin of this additional mode is unknown, and we are currently doing additional experimental and theoretical investigations in order to unveil its origin and possible link with the superconductivity in the system. We have also investigated the in-plane phonon, which are supposed to be coupled to the electrons involved in the superconducting state, as shown In Fig. 2. For this direction, the comparison with the theoretical model (lines) is more delicate as it involves both intensities as well as frequencies. The first data shows encouraging agreement, but the region of phonon softening linked to the electron-phonon coupling, at the origin of the superconducting state, seems to shows an extra excitation at about 10 meV (2.5 THz), possibly of the same origin of the one which we have observed along the c-axes. On the electronic side, a ARPES experiment are currently under way, in order to unveil the role ofthe phonons as particles dressing the quasi-particles.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

28

Alessandra Lanzara, Institute of Physics, University of California Berkeley Matteo d'Astuto, Institute of Mineralogy and Physics of Condensed Matter,Universite Paris 6 Electron phonon interaction in new intercalculated layered system.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

29

Alessandra Lanzara, Institute of Physics, University of California Berkeley Matteo d'Astuto, Institute of Mineralogy and Physics of Condensed Matter,Universite Paris 6 Electron phonon interaction in new intercalculated layered system.

B. Electron-phonon interaction in layered copper-oxygen high temperature superconductors. This subject started 3 years ago, and it is the most advanced, with a publication already submitted, and 2 publications in progress. Using IXS, we have measured the high energy longitudinal phonon anomalies in underdoped La2xSrxCuO4 (uLSCO) and Bi2Sr1.6La0.4Cu2O6 (BSLCO). In uLSCO, we have obtained the first IXS data at very high resolution. This work allows to make a understanding of the physical process occurring during the softening process and distinguish between intrinsic broadening (dumping process) and apparent broadening (sharp softening process). Our very high Q-resolution strongly suggests an intrinsic broadening due to a dumping process. We have recently submitted a paper to Physical Review B on that subject. A second, and even more fascinating result, concern the relation between this softening and the ARPES kink. In BSLCO, we have performed the first coupled IXS-ARPES experiment, with experiment at ESRF - Grenoble (M. d'Astuto) Spring-8 in Japan (J. Graf) and ARPES in Berkeley (D. Garcia, J. Graf, A. Lanzara). The new findings reveal a strict correlation between the high energy longitudinal optic mode softening and the ARPES kink. The results are just being processed, and a publication is under way.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

30

Alessandra Lanzara, Institute of Physics, University of California Berkeley Matteo d'Astuto, Institute of Mineralogy and Physics of Condensed Matter,Universite Paris 6 Electron phonon interaction in new intercalculated layered system.

SECTION 2: NAMES At UCB: Alessandra Lanzara (Professor) Dung-Hai Lee (Professor) Jeff Graf (Doctoral Student) Daniel Garcia (Doctoral Student) Matteo d'Astuto (researcher CNRS) IMPMC, Paris: Geneviève Loupias (Professor) IMPMC, Paris: Andrea Gauzzi (Professor) IMPMC, Paris: Matteo Calandra (researcher CNRS) IMPMC, Paris: Claire Herold (researcher CNRS) LCSM–Nancy Nicolas Emery (Doctoral Student) LCSM–Nancy SECTION 3: PUBLICATIONS J. Graf, M. d'Astuto, P. Giura, A. Shukla, N.L. Saini, A. Bossak, M. Krisch, S-W. Cheong, T. Sasagawa, A. Lanzara "In-plane copper-oxygen bond-stretching mode anomaly in underdoped La2-x Srx CuO4+d measured with High Resolution Inelastic X-Ray Scattering" submitted to Physical Review B. SECTION 4: The project is highly beneficial of the two parties. Coupled phonon dispersion (IXS, INS) and ARPES measurements are a really innovative part of this work. Therefore the Berkeley group, specialized in ARPES measurements, has been allowed to benefit from the Paris group know-how in IXS-INS measurements, and to directly participate to IXS measurements at the ESRF synchrotron. In turn, the Paris group has benefited of the France Berkeley funds, during a 3 days work meeting, in order to cross analyze the ARPES data with the IXS ones. Moreover, ARPES experiments are under way in collaboration between the two groups, and the Paris group plan to benefit of them also with direct participation at ALS, in Berkeley. SECTION 5: The funds were spent on travel. Shuyun Zhou and Jeff Graf traveled to France (Paris and Grenoble), and participate there to the IXS experiment on CaC6 phonon dispersion. The participation included the preparation in Paris, of the sample and of the numerical simulations of the IXS spectra, as well as the work at ESRF, in Grenoble, on the IXS spectrometer ID28, where the experiment has been successfully performed. Matteo d'Astuto in turn traveled to Berkeley for a 3 days meeting with the Berkeley group. During this meeting, most of the analysis work on BSLCO has been completed as well as a first draft of the article relating the results. We plan two more travels, from Berkeley to Grenoble (IXS experiment, December 2007), and from Paris to Berkeley (ARPES experiment end of 2007). Our collaboration is alive and flourishing thanks to the France-Berkeley fund! We have appreciated the funding provided to us by the France-Berkeley fund and the prompt and courteous replies that we have had to our questions. FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

31

Jose Renau, Department of Computer Engineering ,UC Santa Cruz Albert Cohen, chargé de recherche, INRIA Futurs. Orsay, France. Thread-Level Speculation.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. We chose to concentrate our efforts on design-space exploration of multi-core processor architectures and compilation strategies. The challenges in this area are difficult and important (from a scientific and personal point of view), that we decided to focus all or joint efforts on it rather than thread-level speculation, the other proposed collaboration topic. The main technical progresses took place on the design of an analytic performance model, with two possible usages: architectural exploration and optimizing compilation. From our initial study, we have chosen to concentrate on the performance of regular loops in statically predictable programs. The overall idea is for the compiler to propose the static code for loops, send that to the analytic performance model which responds with an estimate of the instruction per cycle achievable by the code on the target processor. The answer is used by the compiler to guide its search and so choose the next static code to try. We have defined a strategy for how to divide concerns between the compiler and the performance model. This includes how to deal with "if" statements within the loop, and conditionals in the loop header, determining cache behavior of the loop code, and compositing the results from the different loops together into an overall performance for the whole application. We have jointly defined a format to represent a loop. This format is used to communicate the loop structure to the performance predictor. Applying the analytic performance model to a loop and calculating steady-state behavior is a new approach that was suggested during the meetings. The analytic model will be developed in three parts. The first part is determining the maximum IPC through the instruction issue logic. The second part is determining the maximum IPC due to the limitations of the reorder buffer. The last part is putting the first two together, along with constraints from the simpler models for the load and store buffers and the instruction fetch bandwidth, to arrive at a model of the entire pipeline. The instruction issue logic will be referred to hereafter as the Instruction Window, or IWin for short.Initial results for the model of the IWin suggest that it will be accurate to within 6% of a cycle-based simulator. These results were obtained by using the exact equations for time-in-dependency-function, then modifying slightly to use statistical values for load times and instructions per cycle. The solution of these equations gives how long each instruction in the loop spends in the DepQ, as a function of IPC. The average time in the DepQ is calculated by solving each equation, adding the results together, and dividing by the number of instructions. The average occupancy of the DepQ is calculated by finding the residence times of each of the other queues covered by the IWin. These require only knowledge of the IPC, instruction mix, architecture parameters, and cache behavior of load instructions. It is then known that IPC * avg residence-time = avg occupancy, because it is a queue (no instrs created or destroyed). This equation is used in an iteration. The previous iteration's IPC value is used to calculate average residence time and average occupancy. Those are both then used in this equation to calculate a new IPC value. This new IPC value is then used in the next iteration. This method makes the simplifying assumption that the exact sequence of load times does not affect the average loop behavior. In other words, it assumes that the answer calculated using the average load time will be the same as the answer calculated with the exact sequence of load times. The equation has a non-linearity in it that makes this assumption no exactly correct, but the error has been demonstrated to be less that 6%. FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

32

Jose Renau, Department of Computer Engineering ,UC Santa Cruz Albert Cohen, chargé de recherche, INRIA Futurs. Orsay, France. Thread-Level Speculation.

This method has been implemented in MathCAD in order to develop the method. It is now being implemented in the Java programming language. Then verification will be performed on a more exhaustive array of loop-codes and instruction-window sizes. For loops with pathological Ld time patterns, if the patterns are known, it may be advantageous to calculate the exact equations for each pattern, then combine the results from the different patterns. One solution will be found for each pattern of Ld times. The values from a solution are weighted by the percent of loop iterations that have that Ld-times pattern. It is not yet clear whether this will be needed. 2) Give the names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project. UCSC Jose Renau, Assistant Professor (PI) Kevin Sean Halle, Doctoral Student INRIA Albert Cohen, Research Scientist (PI) Olivier Temam, Senior Research Scientist Sebastian Pop, Postdoctoral fellow Sylvain Girbal, Research Engineer Louis-Noel Pouchet, Doctoral Student 3) List all publications resulting from this project. Include journal titles and issues/dates. Please include the addresses for all websites related to the project. No publication yet. Planned conference submission in Fall 2007.

4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? A major goal is to start a long-term collaboration on microprocessorsimulation platforms. Our research focuses on combining statistical,analytical, hardware-based (FPGA) acceleration techniques. Analyticalperformance modeling for architectural exploration has been the maintechnical emphasis so far, and led to an unforeseen collaboration onperformance modeling to accelerate iterative compilation, an emergingapproach to drive the selection of the best optimizations in moderncompilers. In the second phase of the period covered by the grant, wewill also work on combining microprocessor performance and powermodels in a modular simulator.In the longer term, we also brainstorm on the design of a parallelcomputing paradigm aiming for maximal freedom of concurrent execution,maximal adaptivity at all stages of program compilation and execution, and maximal expressiveness for compilation techniques. FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

33

Jose Renau, Department of Computer Engineering ,UC Santa Cruz Albert Cohen, chargé de recherche, INRIA Futurs. Orsay, France. Thread-Level Speculation.

5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? - In October 2006, A. Cohen and S. Pop visited UCSC for initial planning, identification of the travelers and goals. This trip was not covered by the grant. - $1900 -- April 2 to April 21 for K. S. Halle -- effective beginning of the collaborative work and planning the next steps. - $1100 -- May 27 to June 5 for K. S. Halle -- details of integrating the performance model with the compiler. - $1000 -- June 7 to June 10 for A. Cohen -- progres on the analytical performance model, work plan and publication plan. Two trips by A. Cohen and S. Girbal (two weeks weeks in total) will take place in October/November. 6) Please give any recommendations or feedback you may have regarding the France-Berkeley Fund. Interest in scalable and flexible parallel computing isshared between the two groups and will require a longterm commitment,exchange of culture, knowledge and tools. The France-Berkeley Fund isa great opportunity to help us conduct this basic research. The collaboration appears particularly profitable for the studentsinvolved, and we envision a continuation of the collaboration througha postdoctoral fellowship for K. S. Halle.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

34

Junko Yano, Physical Sciences Division, LBL and UC Berkeley Elodie Anxolabehere-Mallart, Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182, Université Paris –Sud Biomimetic Manganese Complexes for Water Oxidation.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. Understanding the mechanism of water oxidation in the photosynthetic process remains a thrilling challenge. It is established that the active site is constituted of a Mn4Ca cluster, but structural ambiguities still exist. Based on the possible Mn4Ca structures,1-3 several water oxidation/oxygen-evolving mechanisms have been proposed. Among those, one mechanism, that has been widely discussed, suggests the involvement of Mn(IV)=O or Mn(V)=O species in the S3 or the final S4 state.4,5 The immediate goal of the present Berkeley/Orsay project is the synthesis and characterization of highvalent mononuclear Mn species such as Mn(IV)=O or Mn(V)=O, for which the high oxidation level can be stabilized. The strategy is to generate high oxidation state Mn-oxo complexes by oxidation of Mn(II) or Mn(III) complexes electrochemically, and trap the reactive species using low-temperature devices. 1.Synthesis and electrochemistry of Mn compounds Our first choice was based on the polypyridine/phenolato ligand (Figure 1) that has been previously used at LCI for the chemistry of oxo-bridged polynuclear complexes.6-10

Herein, we report the characterization in solution of an oxo-Mn(IV) complex, generated by electrochemical oxidation of an aqua-Mn(II) complex, the final oxo ligand being provided by deprotonation of the coordinated water molecule. The novel ligand LH (shown in Figure 1a) provides the pentadentate environment, as well as the electronic features required for our purpose. Phenolate-containing ligands have already shown their ability to stabilize mononuclear Mn(IV).11,12 Scheme 1 shows two possible pathways for the access to the targeted species [LMnIVO]+, 2, via deprotonation of a coordinated water molecule in [LMnII(OH2)]+, 1. The concomitant oxidation of the metal center keeps the overall charge constant. We have investigated the pathway involving a two-electron oxidation of the Mn ion, simultaneous to the removal of two protons from the water molecule coordinated (solid line).

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

35

Junko Yano, Physical Sciences Division, LBL and UC Berkeley Elodie Anxolabehere-Mallart, Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182, Université Paris –Sud Biomimetic Manganese Complexes for Water Oxidation.

The starting Mn(II) complex [LMn(II)(OH2)]ClO4, 1(ClO4), was synthesized by reaction of L- with one equivalent of MnIIClO4. Single crystal x-ray diffraction reveals a presence of MnII-OH2 monomeric species (Figure 1b), with the phenol group arranged in a cis-manner with regard to the water molecule. The distance between the former and the Mn ion is 2.16 Å, which is consistent with previously reported mononuclear MnII-OH2 species. Noticeably, the extended structure shows a dimeric arrangement of two mononuclear units, each water molecule being hydrogen-bonded to a phenolate oxygen atom from another monomeric unit. The O…O distance is 4.37 Å. In order to ascertain the coordination of the water molecule in 1 in solution, the electrochemical experiments were carried out in an acetonitrile/water mixture (9:1). Cyclic voltammogram of 1 at room temperature shows three oxidation processes Ep1ox = 0.45 V and Ep1'ox= 0.60 V, and Ep2ox = 1.05 V vs SCE (see Figure 2a). The two first are attributed to Mn(II)/Mn(III) processes whereas the third one is attributed to a Mn(III)/Mn(IV) processes. The latter recovers chemical reversibility when lowering temperature at -20 °C. Oxidative bulk electrolysis was completed

Figure 2: cyclic voltametry of 1 , T = 40 °C in CH3CN/H2O solution in presence of 2 eq Lutidine base (a) before T = 20 °C and (b) after 2 e? oxidation T = ? 20 °C

5000 -1

g = 4.7

Ep2ox= 1.0 V

-1

370 nm; 4200 M .cm 4000

-1

Ep1ox = 0.5 V

-1

g = 3.4

3000

-1

ε (M .cm )

414 nm; 3400 M .cm

g=2

Ep2red=0.95 V

-1

2000

-1

-1

616 nm; 1524 M .cm

1000

0

300

400

500

600

700

Wavelength (nm)

800

900

1000

Ep3= 0.65 V

Figure 3: (a) Uv-Vis spectroscopy recorded during the electrochemical formation of 2; (b) Perpendicular mode Xband EPR spectroscopy of 2 at 5 K

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

36

Junko Yano, Physical Sciences Division, LBL and UC Berkeley Elodie Anxolabehere-Mallart, Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182, Université Paris –Sud Biomimetic Manganese Complexes for Water Oxidation.

at 1.1 V in the presence of two equivalents of lutidine, at -20°C generating the deep green species 2. Coulometry indicates a 2 e- process and the reduction of two equivalents of the protonated base could be observed after electrolysis. Cyclic voltammograms of 2 shows a non-reversible reduction process at Ep3= 0.65 V (Figure 2b) attributed to the Mn(IV)/Mn(III) couple. The shape of the wave is likely to hide an ECE process, the chemical step being the protonation of the oxo ligand. This is corroborated by the non-reversibility of the wave, indicating a significant change in the ligand field at the Mn(III) oxidation state. Protonation of an oxo ligand could fill this role. The oxidative electrolysis was monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy. The spectrum reveals the appearance of two bands at ?max (?) = 414 nm (3400 M-1cm-1) and 616 nm (1524 M-1cm-1), attributed to oxo?MnIV and phenolato?MnIV charge transfer, respectively (Figure 3a).6,12,13 Samples of 2 were collected during the course of the electrolysis and perpendicular mode X-band EPR spectroscopy of 2 at 5 K was recorded. The data show a rhombic signal, with g values of 4.7, 3.4 and 2 (Figure 3b), which is indicative of an S = 3/2 Mn(IV) ion. The complexity of the EPR spectrum of a d3 species depends on the magnitude of the zero-field splitting (ZFS) compared to the applied microwave frequency. In axial symmetry (E/D = 0), two limiting cases can be discussed depending on the relative magnitude of |2D| vs. h?, where D is the axial ZFS parameter. At X-band (h? = 0.3 cm–1), and when |2D| >> h?, the ZFS effect dominates the Zeeman effect, and a strong transition is expected at low field (geff ? 4) with a weak component around geff = 2. This behaviour has been observed for numerous Mn(IV) centers with anionic chelating ligands.11,12,14-16 2. X-ray absorption spectroscopy of Mn compounds XAS measurements were conducted in order to complete the spectroscopic characterization of the green species. In particular the nature of the sixth ligand of the coordination sphere of the Mn(IV) ion of 2 needed to be confirmed. Figure 4 shows the XANES and EXAFS data collected on the [LMn(II)(OH2)]+ and [LMn(IV)X)]n+ samples.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

37

Junko Yano, Physical Sciences Division, LBL and UC Berkeley Elodie Anxolabehere-Mallart, Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182, Université Paris –Sud Biomimetic Manganese Complexes for Water Oxidation.

XAS measurements done by the Berkeley group completed the characterization of these species. XANES data confirmed the change in oxidation state of the Mn during the course of the oxidation process, and the edge energy shift to ~6552 eV (XANES inflection point) is indicative of the Mn(IV) oxidation state for the 2 e? oxidized species, in agreement with the EPR spectroscopy data. EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure) Mn—O 1.69 Å Mn—O 1.71 Å spectra provide structural information. A shorter Mn-O Mn(IV)=O, cis Mn(IV)=O, trans distance (~1.6 Å) is observed in the case of the 2 e? oxidized species (Figure 4b). This is smaller than the Figure 5: structure optimization calculated by DFT 1.84 Å reported in the literature in the case of the (using BP86/TZVP, COSMO model for MeCN) Mn(IV)OH hydroxo complexe obtained with a crossedof the putative [LMn(IV)O)]+ species bridged cyclam ligand (distance obtained from X-ray diffraction).17 The 1.6 Å is also closed to DFT calculated value of 1.7 Å for the non-porphyrinic Mn(IV)O oxo-species reported by Borovik and col.18 In addition, structure optimization were obtained by DFT calculation (Collaboration with Dr. F. Neese from University of Bonn, Germany) and provided a distance of 1.7 Å for the proposed [LMn(IV)O)]+ species (Figure 5). The XAS data together with the EPR spectroscopy and the DFT calculation support the attribution of the [LMn(IV)X)]n+ sample to a [LMn(IV)O)]+ species. An article gathering the present data and analysis is in preparation and should be submitted shortly. References: 1. Yano, J.; Kern, J.; Sauer, K.; Latimer, M. J.; Pushkar, Y.; Biesiadka, J.; Loll, B.; Saenger, W.; Messinger, J.; Zouni, A.; K., Y. V., Science 2006, 314, 821-825. 2. Loll, B.; Kern, J.; Saenger, W.; Zouni, A.; Biesiadka, J., Nature 2005, 438, 1040-1044. 3. Ferreira, K. N.; Iverson, T. M.; Maghlaoui, K.; Barber, J.; Iwata, S., Science 2004, 303, 1831-1838. 4. Haumann M.; Liebisch P.; Muller C. ; Barra M.; Grabolle M.; H., D., Science 2005, 310, 1019-1021. 5. McEvoy, J. P.; Gascon, J. A.; Batista, V. S.; Brudvig, G. W., Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 2005, 4, 940-949. 6. Horner, O.; Anxolabéhère-Mallart, E.; Charlot, M.-F.; Tchertanov, L.; Guilhem, J.; Mattioli, T. A.; Boussac, A.; Girerd, J.-J., Inorganic Chemistry 1999, 38, 1222-1232. 7. Hureau, C.; Sabater, L.; Anxolabéhère-Mallart, E.; Nierlich, M.; Charlot, M.-F.; Gonnet, F.; Rivière, E.; Blondin, G., Chemistry-A European Journal 2004, 10, 1998-2010. 8. Hureau, C.; Blondin, G.; Charlot, M.-F.; Philouze, C.; Nierlich, M.; Césario, M.; Anxolabéhère-Mallart, E., Inorganic Chemistry 2005, 44, 3669-3683. 9. Hureau, C.; Anxolabéhère-Mallart, E.; Nierlich, M.; Gonnet, F.; Rivière, E.; Blondin, G., European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2002, 2710-2719.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

38

Junko Yano, Physical Sciences Division, LBL and UC Berkeley Elodie Anxolabehere-Mallart, Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182, Université Paris –Sud Biomimetic Manganese Complexes for Water Oxidation.

10.Hureau, C.; Blanchard, S.; Nierlich, M.; Blain, G.; Rivière, E.; Girerd, J.-J.; Anxolabéhère-Mallart, E.; Blondin, G., Inorganic Chemistry 2004, 43, 4415-4426. 11.Kessissoglou, D. P.; Li, X.; Butler, W. M.; Pecoraro, V. L., Inorganic Chemistry 1987, 26, 2487-2492. 12.Neves, A.; Erthal, S. M. D.; Vencato, I.; Ceccato, A. S.; Mascarenhas, Y. P.; Nascimento, O. R.; Hörner, M.; Batista, A. A., Inorganic Chemistry 1992, 31, (23), 4749-4755. 13.Hureau, C.; Sabater, L.; Gonnet, F.; Blain, G.; Sainton, J.; Anxolabéhère-Mallart, E., Inorganica Chimica Acta 2006,, 359, 339-345. 14.Chandra, S. K.; Choudhury, S. B.; Ray, D.; Chakravorty, A., Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications 1990, 474. 15.Saadeh, S. M.; Lah, M. S.; Pecoraro, V. L., Inorganic Chemistry 1991, 30, 8-15. 16.Paine, T. K.; Weyhermüller, T.; Bothe, E.; Wieghardt, K.; Chaudhuri, P., Dalton Transaction 2003, 3136-3144. 17.Yin, G.; McCormick, J. M.; Buchalova, M.; Danby, A. M.; Rodgers, K.; Day, V. W.; Smith, K.; Perkins, C. M.; Kitko, D.; Carter, J. D.; Scheper, W. M.; Busch, D. H., Inorganic chemistry 2006, 45, 8052. 18.Parsell, T. H.; Behan, R. K.; Green, M. T.; Hendrich, M. P.; Borovik, A. S., Journal of the American Chemical Society 2006, 128, 8728-8729. 2) Give the names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project. At: CNRS, Paris Dr. Elodie Anxolabéhère-Mallart, Chargée de Recherche CNRS Mr. Benedikt Lassale, Ph.D student At: LBNL Dr. Junko Yano, Scientist Dr. Yulia Pushkar, Post-doctoral Fellow Dr. Vittal Yachandra, Senior Scientist 3) List all publications resulting from this project. Include journal titles and issues/dates. Please include the addresses for all websites related to the project. Papers are currently under the preparation. 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? The bi-national collaboration consists of exchanges of scholars between the Berkeley Lab and CNRS, France. Mr. Benedikt Lassale, Ph.D student of CNRS, has focused on the chemical and electrochemical parts of the project. He will participate in the XAS experiment during his visit in LBL in 2007-2008. He will learn X-ray spectroscopy to expand his research field. Dr. Yano will visit CNRS to discuss the project earlier in 2008. Two groups will also plan to do in situ electrochemical study using X-ray spectroscopy in order to investigate the process and kinetics of the formation of highvalent Mn oxo species. The collaboration between Dr. Anxolabéhère-Mallart and Dr. Yano has the potential for expanding into a longer term project on the biomimetic photosynthesis system. FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

39

Junko Yano, Physical Sciences Division, LBL and UC Berkeley Elodie Anxolabehere-Mallart, Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182, Université Paris–Sud Biomimetic Manganese Complexes for Water Oxidation.

5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? This is still an ongoing project and we present a final accounting at a later date. The following part summarizes the budgets we spent so far. Benedikt Lassalle: To attend "Metal in biology" Gordon Conference Jan. 28-Feb. 02 2007; Ventura, CA, USA in Berkeley - $1000.00

combined with a discussion

Elodie Anxolabéhère-Mallart: To attend "Metal in biology" Gordon Conference Jan. 28-Feb. 02 2007; Ventura, CA, USA combined with a discussion in Berkeley - $1000.00 Junko Yano: To attend “the 16th International Conference on Photochemical Conversion and Storage of Solar Energy (IPS-16)” Uppsala, Sweden, July 2-7, 2006, - $1500.00 6) Please give any recommendations or feedback you may have regarding the France-Berkeley Fund. The France-Berkeley Fund is a very unique program that allows us to explore new and innovative ideas with our collaborators that is very useful for developing future long-term collaborations. Also, the degree of freedom allowed by the fund is greatly appreciated.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

40

Barry Eichengreen, Department of Economics, UC Berkeley. Max Flandreau, Department of Economics,Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris. International Currencies in Theory and History.

This interim report describes the status of the above-mentioned project half way through the two-year grant period. The first year of the project was devoted mainly to assembling new data, from the archives of national central banks, on foreign exchange holdings in the 1920s and 1930s, the key period when the dollar challenged sterling as the dominant reserve currency. Assembling this information proved to be laborious; it was necessary to proceed central bank by central bank. So far we have assembled information as follows: In addition, we pushed forward the component of the project concerned with the international use of currencies in the late 19th century. Flandreau and Jobst (2006) derive important findings that include strong empirical support for an influence of fundamentals (such as trade shares). They also find evidence of persistence in key currency status operating through liquidity externalities reflected in lower interest rates, other things being equal, for former leading currencies, that tend as a result to retain some of their glow. This analysis also provides a new bridge between the concepts of game theory and network analysis, since the study rests on the estimation of dichotomous reaction functions in Nash equilibria. Finally, progress was made in extending this approach to the early modern period. Relying on archival material collected by Galimard under the supervision of Flandreau, Flandreau, Galimard and Jobst (2006) have produced a first study of the structure of the international monetary system in the mid 18th century. They show the considerable reach of Amsterdam whose currency can adequately be portrayed as the international currency in the 18th century. This is important because by that time, the UK had already taken over Holland in trade preeminence. The study also shows a more fragmentary set up for the international monetary system than would be the case after the industrial revolution, as revealed by the application of modern network analysis techniques. Regional groupings curiously anticipate on processes of political integration in the 19th century. For instance, we find evidence of a tightly knitted Italian and German financial areas at a time when the unification of these areas was not complete. The following shows the countries and currencies for which information has been assembled to date, and whether data assembly is completed/underway/likely/unlikely Argentina : unlikely Austria : completed Belgium : likely Brazil : completed Chile : underway Colombia : uncertain France : completed Germany : likely/unlikely ? Holland : likely Italy : completed Japan : completed/underway

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

41

Barry Eichengreen, Department of Economics, UC Berkeley. Max Flandreau, Department of Economics,Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris. International Currencies in Theory and History.

Mexico : unlikely Norway : likely Portugal : underway Romania : underway Spain : likely/unlikely Sweden : likely/unlikely Switzerland : completed United Kingdom : underway Gathering this information required developing a detailed template of data definitions, categories, etc. to guide this archival work. A copy of this template, which will serve as a useful guide to future researchers, is attached as an appendix to this report. In addition, we have involved a numbe of graduate assistants both in Berkeley and Paris: Rui Pedro Esteves (Berkeley) David Schindlower (Paris) Olvier Accominotti (Paris) Christophe Galimard (Paris) In the course of this work, we have relied on the assistance of officials and staff at a number of institutional partners: Argentina: Martin Redrado, Central Bank of Argentina. Austria : Messrs. Mussak and Antonowicz, Archivists, Austrian National Bank. Belgium : Ivo Maës, Bank of Belgium Brazil: Afonso Bevilaqua, Central Bank of Brazil. Chile : Vittorio Corbo, Bank of Chile; Jose de Gregorio, Bank of Chile; Ignacio Briones, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez Colombia: Mauricio Cardenas (Fedeserallo) France : Marc Flandreau Germany : Albrecht Ritschl, Humboldt Universität, Berlin Holland : Corry Van Renselaar, Bank of Holland Italy : Filippo Ceserano, Historical Section, Bank of Italy Japan : Mariko Hatase, Bank of Japan Mexico : Juan Flores, Professor, Carlos III, Spain Norway : Oyvind Eithreim, Bank of Norway Portugal : Rui Pedro Esteves, Simon Fraser University Romania : Mr Nenovsky, Bank of Romania Spain : Pablo Martin Acena, Universidad de Alcala Sweden : Lars Jonung DG II, EC, Brussels Switzerland : Patrick Halbeisen, Archivist Swiss National Bank United Kingdom : Forrest Capie, official historian, Bank of England

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

42

Barry Eichengreen, Department of Economics, UC Berkeley. Max Flandreau, Department of Economics,Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris. International Currencies in Theory and History.

In conjunction with this work we have also arranged for a major conference where the findings will be presented in March 2008. This conference will be held in Genoa, Italy and will coincide with the 75th anniversary fo the Genoa conference which recognized the need to save on gold reserves by substituting interest earning foreign currency for gold. The conference will be jointly sponsored by the City of Genoa, the Region Liguria, Wilfrid Laurier University, and probably the Bank of Italy. It is anticipated that the results will be published in the European Review of Economic History, a refereed journal. Publications Author(s) Marc Flandreau and Clemens Jobst Title “The Empirics of International Currencies: Evidence from the Late 19th Century” Journal CEPR Discussion Paper Series Volume 5529 Year 2006 First page #: Acknowledge NSF support in revision Under Review, leading journal Author(s) Marc Flandreau, Christophe Galimard and Clemens Jobst Title “Networking Cities, Weaving States: The Early Modern Geography of Money” Journal manuscript Year December 2006 First page #: Acknowledge NSF support Paper prepared for the “Complex Networks in Trade and Finance” Session, ASSA meet meetings, Chicago, January 7, 2007. Books and other one-time publications Barry Eichengreen, “Sterling’s Past, Dollar’s Future?” in Barry Eichengreen, Global Imbalances and the Lessons of Bretton Woods, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2006 Appendix: CENTRAL BANKS’ FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES DURING THE INTERWAR PERIOD A methodology for data collection The following provides some precisions for identifying and entering the data of foreign exchange reserves held by Central Banks during the interwar period. We draw lessons from our experience with the Bank of France’s and Bank of Austria’s archives and propose a general methodology of data collection.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

43

Barry Eichengreen, Department of Economics, UC Berkeley. Max Flandreau, Department of Economics,Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris. International Currencies in Theory and History.

Data of foreign exchange reserves in Central Banks’ accounts Foreign exchange reserves are including all the assets Central Banks were holding in foreign currency. They were typically composed of both sight deposits with foreign banks and a portfolio of foreign bills. 1) Total amount of foreign holdings Some Central Banks made the total amount of foreign reserves appear in a separate entry in their annual or semiannual published balance sheets. This was typically the case of countries legally on a gold exchange standard (for example, Austria), and therefore required to maintain a fixed ratio between monetary circulation and foreign holdings. Those countries’ Central Banks were most of the time entering the total amount of their foreign assets in a column next to the Central Bank’s gold reserve, making the cover ratio appear clearly. However, identifying the total amount of foreign reserves in the published balance might be a little more complicated. For example, the Bank of France did not make appear the amount of its foreign assets in a unique entry. Since June 28th 1928 (date of de jure stabilization) until June 10th 1940, deposits with foreign banks and foreign bills were appearing as two distinct items in the Bank’s accountability. The first, called Disponibilités à vue à l’étranger, gave the Bank’s net international deposit position. The second was named Effets négociables et autres emplois à court terme à l’étranger, and gave the position of the foreign bills’ portfolio. Net values for both entries were given in the balance sheets published each week by the Bank (Situation hebdomadaire). The sum of these two values corresponded to the total amount of foreign exchange reserves. 2) Currency composition of foreign exchange reserves The currency composition of foreign reserves was rarely appearing in the Central Banks’ published accounts. Neither the Bank of France nor the Bank of Austria did report it in their annual position. Finding out such data requires to exploit the documents, which were used as basis for the drawing up of the published sheets. Such documents can be found in the Bank of France’s archives. They provide the currency composition of foreign reserves on a monthly frequency, from December 1928 until May 1940. The information given by these documents are the following: 1) Position of deposit accounts with each foreign bank 2) Position of foreign bills’ portfolio held in each foreign bank 3) Net position of the Bank’s deposit accounts in each currency 4) Net position of the Bank’s foreign bills’ portfolio in each currency, with a distinction between different types of foreign bills (Treasury Bills, Banker’s Bills, Acceptances, Advances…) 5) Interest rate earned on each foreign asset The Bank of Austria’s archives also provide documents indicating the positions of all Bank’s accounts with foreign banks on an annual basis (data are for the end of each year) from 1923 through 1936. By summing up the amounts reported for each account, we can deduce the currency-composition of foreign reserves.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

44

Barry Eichengreen, Department of Economics, UC Berkeley. Max Flandreau, Department of Economics,Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris. International Currencies in Theory and History.

A few remarks should be made about the data we have found for both Central Banks: 1)All values reported are indicated in both units of foreign currency and domestic currency. 2)The documents report creditor as well as debtor accounts. Sometimes, the net deposit position in a certain currency is a debtor position. For the calculation of the total net amount of foreign reserves, values for creditor accounts are summed up, whereas values for debtor accounts are subtracted. 3)The geographical repartition of foreign holdings does not necessarily match the currency composition. For example, foreign assets in dollars can be held in a German bank. Entering the data The following proposes two frameworks, which could be used for data collection. 1) Annual currency composition of foreign reserves The Central Banks’ net position in each currency is probably the most valuable information. Such data could be presented as follows, on an annual basis:

This framework was used to report the aggregated data of the Bank of France’s foreign assets. This appears to be the most simple way of presenting the data. Our goal is therefore to construct a similar table for all Central Banks, for which data of foreign reserves are available.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

45

Barry Eichengreen, Department of Economics, UC Berkeley. Max Flandreau, Department of Economics,Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris. International Currencies in Theory and History.

2) Detailed composition of foreign exchange reserves However, the sources used do rarely report data at such a level of aggregation. It might therefore be useful to enter the more detailed information provided. Indeed, the geographical repartition of the assets held and the nature of these assets (deposits vs. foreign bills) are also very useful data. If available, all these data could be entered in a same table, classifying foreign holdings by 1) currency 2) bank where they are held 3) type of asset. If possible, balances should be reported in both foreign and domestic currency. The Bank of France’s archives also allow to report the interest rate earned on each asset. If available, this information should be reported as well. Mention should also be made of whether the value reported corresponds to a creditor or a debtor account (for example, a + indicates a creditor account whereas a – indicates a debtor account). . By using this methodology, a framework for entering the Bank of France’s composition of foreign reserves for September 30th 1932 would be the following:

This methodology of data collection, though adapted to the specifities of the Bank of France’s and Bank of Austria’s accountabilities, might been generalized to other Central Banks as wells. FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

46

Peter Vollhardt, Center New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Depart. Chemistry, UC Berkeley. Corinne Aubert, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique (UMR CNRS 7611), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire (FR 2769). Preparation of Diborylcyclohexadienes and their Application in the Synthesis of Complex Molecules.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. The work of participants in the project has been very fruitful: the contribution of Anaïs Geny in February and March allowed us to finish what was previously initiated in France and to publish an article in a top scientific journal. We have explored the scope of the cobalt-mediated cocyclization of alkynylboronates with alkenes. The proper choice of substituents on the alkyne allowed the selective formation of 1,3- or 1,4-diboryl-1,3-cyclohexadiene cobalt complexes. We found that the 1,3or 1,4-arrangement of the boryl groups was dependent on the choice of alkene taking part in the cyclization. The complexes could be demetallated by using iron(III) chloride, and the resulting cyclohexadienes were submitted to crosscoupling with haloarenes yielding polyarylated systems. The ongoing work of Vincent Gandon has led to unexpected findings: we have discovered a way to prepare dieneamides stereoselectively using cobalt complexes. Dienamides are very useful synthons for the widely used Diels-Alder reaction. These results are closely related to the original project since this method also allows the making of borylated compounds. This work will most certainly lead to another publication in a scientific journal that has a broad readership. 2) Give the names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project. Ms. Anais Geny – Graduate Student Dr. Vincent Gandon – Assistant Professor 3) List all publications resulting from this project. Include journal titles and issues/dates. Please include the addresses for all websites related to the project. Cobalt(I)-Mediated Preparations of Polyborylated Cyclohexadienes: Scope, Limitations, and Mechanistic Insight. Geny, A.; Lebœuf, D.; Rouquié, G.; Vollhardt, K. P. C.; Malacria, M.; Gandon, V.; Aubert, C. Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 5408¬5425. 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? Before we got the France-Berkeley Fund award, our groups had already started collaborating on the making of borylated cyclohexadienes, which are promising precursors for the elaboration of more complex molecules via coupling reactions. Our initial findings were very encouraging, and thanks to the Award, we have been able to send two young French scientists in Berkeley. The idea was to meet our collaborators in person, which facilitates scientific contacts compared to simple e-mail exchanges. During their stay, they had access to all of the facilities of the Chemistry Department (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Computing Facility, Mass Spectroscopy, X-Ray analysis and so on). They were invited to participate to the group meetings and gave talks about their own work in France, which was very stimulating for both parts. We now know each other much better and this will greatly facilitate the communication between our groups. Future collaboration will most certainly occur as a result of this project, notably on the synthesis of dienamides that was discovered recently.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

47

Peter Vollhardt, Center New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Depart. of Chemistry, UC Berkeley. Corinne Aubert, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique (UMR CNRS 7611), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire (FR 2769). Preparation of Diborylcyclohexadienes and their Application in the Synthesis of Complex Molecules.

5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent.

Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? Yes, this project will be pursued. A new PhD student has been hired for that matter in the French group. She has a CNRS – MRES grant from the French institutions and will hopefully come as a visiting scholar in Berkeley to do part of the work. 6) Please give any recommendations or feedback you may have regarding the France-Berkeley Fund. We are very grateful to the France-Berkeley Fund, but we must say that we have problems to get the money that was granted. For instance, Vincent Gandon is in the group since June 1st and has still received no money from the Fund. We recommend starting doing the paperwork before the arrival of the visiting scholar.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

48

Samuel Mao, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley Jin Yu, Department of Physics, Universite Lyon 1 Laser ablation and standoff elemental analysis with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. The France and Berkeley team jointly conducted research and accomplished in the following two areas. Area-1: We studied and identified the kinetic behaviour of short pulsed laser-based LIBS spectral emission from organic elements and from diatomic molecule fragments, which is of practical importance for applying LIBS for organic substance analysis. Area-2: We studied early stage expansion of laser-induced plasma from a polymer sample using shadowgraph imaging, and continuing theoretical development The following are detailed descriptions of the scientific accomplishments. 1.1) Kinetic behaviour of LIBS spectral emission from organic elements Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is attracting considerable attentions for many important applications, such as environmental monitoring and homeland security. The technology has intrinsic advantages, for example, the capability of multi-elemental, in situ, real-time or stand-off measurements. Beyond traditional applications of LIBS where inorganic materials are mainly addressed for analytical purposes, recent progress in broadband LIBS leads to the possibility of analyzing organic and biological samples. Analysis of organic materials is critical for homeland defence (landmines, explosive), forensic (trace of explosive or organic materials), public health (toxic substances, pharmaceutical products), as well as environmental (organic wastes) applications. The challenge for organic or biological material analysis by LIBS is the fact that the media to be analysed are composed of the same elemental substances. For instance four basic elements, C, O, N, and H are omnipresent and provide the common basis of the most organic materials. An effective strategy for detection and discrimination between organic materials is based on determination of ratios between intensities of line emissions from these organic elements, O/C, N/C, or O/N for example. These ratios are related to the chemical composition of the organic compounds. For biological materials, it has been demonstrated that a certain number of diatomic molecular fragments, such as C2 or CN, can provide indications for their speciation. The initiation of LIBS rests in the production of a laser-produced plasma, it is thus important to study the interaction between laser-produced plasma plume and the ambient gas in order to have a realistic estimate of emission from plasma-excited air. The emission from ambient air depends on plasma properties such as temperature and density. These properties in turn depend on laser parameters (pulse duration, wavelength, and fluence) and on physical-chemical properties of the sample. From the experimental point of view, it is important to either minimize emissions of atomic or molecular species (O, N, or CN) due to the interaction between the plasma and the background gas, or make these emissions controllable in such way their contributions can be removed from the total line intensities of oxygen and nitrogen atoms or CN molecules detected in a LIBS spectrum of an organic material. In this collaborative research funded by France-Berkeley Fund, we have studied characteristics of time-resolved UVLIBS spectra from organic materials. A sample of nylon was used as a standard organic material. A sample of copper and a tablet of aspirin were used as samples with different physical-chemical properties for comparison. Our investigations were focused on emission from atomic oxygen and nitrogen which can originate from either native organic elements or atmospheric air. A kinetic study of line intensities allows us to distinguish contributions of native organic elements from those due to ambient air. For molecular species, kinetic behaviours of the emission from CN bonds were obtained. We show that emission from native CN bonds can be distinguished from that due to recombination with ambient air in a time-resolved study of the molecular line emission intensity. FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

49

Samuel Mao, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley Jin Yu, Department of Physics, Universite Lyon 1 Laser ablation and standoff elemental analysis with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

We show also for UV-LIBS, the laser fluence is a suitable control parameter which allows specifying the regime with predominant native CN bonds or that with predominant recombination CN bonds.

Fig. 1. Time-integrated spectra of (a) copper, (b) nylon and (c) aspirin samples ablated by 226 nm nanosecond pulses. Fig. 1 shows time-integrated LIBS spectra of copper, nylon and aspirin. The pulse energy is 5 mJ focused by a 10 cm focal length lens, resulting in a focused spot of about 100 μm on the sample, which corresponds to a fluence of about 65 J/cm2 and an intensity of about 16 GW/cm2. For copper in Fig. 1a, two strong atomic copper lines, Cu I 793.313 nm, and Cu I 809.263 nm lines are observed in the concerned spectral range. Several lines from atomic oxygen and nitrogen are also observed, O I 777 / 822 / 823 / 845 nm and N I 818 / 820 / 821 / 822 / 824 nm. These lines obviously originate from the gas in the interface between laser plasma and ambient air, since the copper sample does not contain any oxygen or nitrogen. Excitation of ambient air by plasma can lead to air molecule dissociation and subsequent emission from atomic oxygen and nitrogen. We also remark from Fig. 1a relatively weaker emission from atomic nitrogen. That fits the fact that the binding energy is higher for nitrogen molecule (9.8 eV) than for oxygen molecule (5.2 eV). For nylon and aspirin, the spectra show intense line emissions of atomic oxygen and nitrogen. The ratio between line intensities, O/N for example, may be correlated to chemical composition of the analysed sample. The chemical formula of nylon is C12H22N2O2 (nylon 6-6). However the aspirin tablet contains a mixture of compounds that include active molecules and excipients. For such mixture, one can hardly extract useful information from atomic emission lines. Moreover, atomic oxygen and nitrogen emissions due to ambient air may contribute to the total emission intensities of these elements in a time-integrated LIBS spectrum. That makes even more difficult to use line ratios from integrated spectra as spectral makers of specific organic compounds. Kinetic behaviour of line emission from atomic oxygen is observed in order to provide information about origins of the emitters. Fig. 2 shows time-evolutions of the O I 777 nm line for copper (Fig. 2a), nylon (Fig. 2b) and aspirin (Fig. 2c) samples. Experimental data in this figure represent areas under emission lines with background subtracted. For copper, oxygen line intensity increases from a very low level and reaches a maximum at 100 ns with an intensity nearly six times greater than the initial value. This behaviour indicates air oxygen molecule dissociation induced by the plasma. Quite different behaviour is observed for atomic oxygen emission from the nylon sample. A strong emission is initially measured, and line intensity monotonically decreases with the detection delay. This immediate emission from atomic oxygen provides evidence of emission from native oxygen atoms directly vaporized from the sample.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

50

Samuel Mao, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley Jin Yu, Department of Physics, Universite Lyon 1 Laser ablation and standoff elemental analysis with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

In Fig. 2c, initial emission intensity is observed. This initial emission intensity increases to reach a maximum at 200 ns before decrease of the signal. This initial increase of line intensity is however different from that observed for copper sample. Here an initial value is measured for the oxygen line which represents 61% of maximal value reached by the line intensity. It is therefore reasonable to consider that in the case of aspirin, we observe a combination of emission from native oxygen atoms and that due to dissociation of air oxygen molecules in vicinity of laser impact. From the comparison between these three different cases, we can conclude that time-resolved UV-LIBS provides distinction between atomic oxygen emission due to native elements vaporized from organic samples and that due dissociation of air oxygen molecules. However the physical-chemical properties of the sample can sensitively influence the kinetic of atomic oxygen emission. An intermediary situation can occur in which total oxygen emission is contributed by native elements as well as air molecule dissociation. The matrix effect on the kinetic behaviour of spectral emission from organic elements has to be taken into account in order to have a correct estimation of native element contribution in LIBS spectrum of organic materials.

1.2) Kinetic behaviour of LIBS spectral emission from diatomic molecule fragments As for all organic materials containing C and N as elemental compounds or CN radicals as intermolecular bonds, emission due to B2S – X2S transition of the CN molecule around 388.3 nm has be easily detected in UV-LIBS spectra for nylon. However, as it has been pointed out, CN molecules can also be formed through recombination between C2 available in plasma plume and N2 in ambient air. We have carried out time-resolved study for different laser fluences in order to determine the origin of the CN radicals observed in LIBS spectra. Time-resolved measurements on the emission intensity of atomic carbon at 247.9 nm are carried out in correlation with the CN band. Fig. 3 shows time-evolution of the CN band around 388.3 nm for different laser pulse energy (focused by a quartz lens of 5 cm focal distance) ranged from 0.45 mJ (11.8 J/cm2 or 2.8 GW/cm2) to 5 mJ (130 J/cm2 or 32 GW/cm2). The intensity of the band head at 388.3 nm is presented in Fig. 3, as a function of detection delay for each laser pulse energy. The time-evolutions of the intensity of the CI line at 247.9 nm are presented in the same figures. At low fluences, immediate emission is observed from CN molecules. The band head intensity monotonically decreases. Such temporal behaviour indicates contribution of native CN bonds vaporized from the sample. In a correlated way, emission from atomic carbon is rather weak, and quickly damped. As laser fluence increases, a delayed emission of CN bond appears and becomes dominant with respect to the initial immediate emission which decreases with increasing laser fluence. For high fluences (4 and 5 mJ), the delayed emission becomes maximal 500 ns to 1000 ns after the laser pulse. FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

51

Samuel Mao, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley Jin Yu, Department of Physics, Universite Lyon 1 Laser ablation and standoff elemental analysis with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

These time scales fit quite well with the time constants corresponding to the reaction C2+N2 2CN induced by the interaction between plasma and ambient gas. Accordingly, the emission from atomic carbon becomes more intense and having a longer lifetime. This correlation confirms a lower production of native CN bonds and an important contribution due to recombination with atmospheric air in the total emission intensity of the CN band for high laser fluences. This contribution dominates CN band in an integrated LIBS spectrum when high laser fluence is used for ablation. The results presented in Fig. 3 show that for a correct detection of native CN bonds vaporized from the sample, low laser fluence has to be used. And time-resolved study provides a suitable way to distinguish the origins of observed CN molecular bonds.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

52

Samuel Mao, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley Jin Yu, Department of Physics, Universite Lyon 1 Laser ablation and standoff elemental analysis with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

1.3) Study of early stage expansion of laser-induced plasma from a polymer sample using shadowgraph imaging While LIBS is traditionally used for inorganic substance analysis, clearly, one of the new trends of LIBS is the analysis of complex systems. The analysis of organic and biological samples represents a new frontier for the LIBS technology. The main challenge is to characterise organic or biological media by their elemental constituents. There is still a tremendous amount of fundamental issues that need to be investigated in order to develop LIBS into a practical technology for analysing organic substances. On essential aspect is a deeper understanding on how an organic sample reacts under laser ablation. The interaction between the plasma plume and the ambient gas also requires detailed study. Unlike laser interaction with inorganic materials, the study of laser-induced plasma on a polymer sample has just started. Experimental data, especially time-resolved observations on the plasma in its early expansion stage, are necessary to establish a reliable model to describe the plasma formation as well as the interaction between the plasma and the background gas. Only a detailed understanding of the plasma induced on an organic sample allows analytical applications of such plasma. The shadowgraph imaging technique was used in this collaborative research to look at the early-stage development of a plasma induced by nanosecond laser ablation upon a nylon sample with a time resolution of 1 ns. Two typical ablation regimes, infrared and ultraviolet, are compared in order to get a better understanding. This particular experiment was carried out at the University of California in Berkeley, which is a world leading group in time-resolved diagnostics of laser induced plasma. The goal is to observe the behaviour of the plasma plume during its early expansion stage (form laser impact to ~ 40 ns), which is crucial for its subsequent evolution (interaction with ambient air, spectral emission, etc.). This behaviour is also directly determined by light absorption and material decomposition mechanisms. The understanding of such mechanisms is still limited especially for organic materials. Two time regimes are distinguished: plume expansion stage from laser impact to 40 ns investigated by time-resolved shadowgraph imaging; and radiative cooling stage up to several μs investigated by time-resolved LIBS. Data analysis provides a comparative study of the properties of the plasma in nanosecond IR and UV ablation regimes. Results for organic sample (nylon) are also compared to that obtained for metallic (copper) and graphite samples. The timeresolved LIBS experiment has been carried out in the LASIM laboratory in Lyon. Shadowgraph images were taken the two regimes of ablation using nanosecond infrared (1064 nm) and UV (266 nm) laser pulses. Different fluences were used (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 15, and 20 mJ respectively 12.7, 25.4, 38.1, 50.8, 63.5, 88.9, 127, 190, 254 J/cm2). In Fig. 4 we show the shadowgraphs for 7 mJ in order to show main characteristics in IR and UV regimes. In the IR regime we notice a conic-like plasma, while in the UV regime the plasma’s main part takes on a more spherical shape. There is also an additional top part in the latter regime, in the same place as the laser pathway. In the area where the focused laser beam reaches the nylon sample, for both regimes, we see a tiny explosion of the matrix. This becomes more evident at higher energies.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

53

Samuel Mao, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley Jin Yu, Department of Physics, Universite Lyon 1 Laser ablation and standoff elemental analysis with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

54

Samuel Mao, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley Jin Yu, Department of Physics, Universite Lyon 1 Laser ablation and standoff elemental analysis with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

55

Samuel Mao, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley Jin Yu, Department of Physics, Universite Lyon 1 Laser ablation and standoff elemental analysis with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

In order to understand the difference between the plasma observed of the two regimes of ablation, we examined laser craters under scanning electronic microscope in Lyon. The SEM images for laser energy around 5 mJ are shown in Fig. 5. We see clearly a deeper crater for IR ablation; and the ablation for UV pulse on the surface.

Fig. 5. Scanning electronic microscope image of laser induced craters with IR laser pulses (left) and UV laser pulses (right). From the shadowgraph images, we can extract the velocities of expansion of the laser-induced plasma. Theoretical works are on the way in order to modelling in detail the observed behaviours of the expansion of the plasma in the two ablation regimes. 2) Give the names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project Jin Yu: Professor, Lyon 1 University Samuel Mao: Assistant Adjunct Professor, University of California at Berkeley Richard Russo: Senior Scientist, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Xianglei Mao: Scientist, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Matthieu Baudelet, PhD student, Lyon 1 University Myriam Boueri, Master Student, Lyon 1 University

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

56

Samuel Mao, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley Jin Yu, Department of Physics, Universite Lyon 1 Laser ablation and standoff elemental analysis with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

3) List all publications resulting from this project. Include journal titles and issues/dates. Please include the addresses for all websites related to the project. Matthieu Baudelet, Myriam Boueri, Jin Yu, Samuel S. Mao, Vincent Piscitelli, Xianglei Mao and Richard E. Russo, “Time-resolved ultraviolet laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for organic material analysis”, submitted to Specrochimica Acta B. Myriam Boueri, Thesis of Master Degree, Lyon 1 University, “Time-Resolved Pump-Probe Shadowgraph Diagnostic for Plasma Induced by Nanosecond IR/UV Laser on a Nylon Sample”, July 10, 2007. M. Baudelet, M. Boueri, and J. Yu, X. L. Mao, S. S. Mao, and R. E. Russo, “Time-resolved study of physical-chemical properties of plasma induced by nanosecond IR or UV pulses from organic materials”, presentation in EMSLIBS 2007. M. Boueri, M. Baudelet, and J. Yu, X. L. Mao, S. S. Mao, and R. E. Russo, “Time-resolved shadowgraph study of laserinduced plasma from polymer irradiated by nanosecond IR and UV radiations”, presentation in EMSLIBS 2007. 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? The French team involved in this collaborative project, Laboratory of Ionic and Molecular Spectrometry (LASIM) is a joint laboratory of Lyon 1 University and CNRS (Centre National de Recherche Scientifique). With respect to the university, this collaboration contributes to the training of PhD and master students in the Physics Department. Matthieu Baudelet has accomplished a part of his PhD thesis work during his two trips of experiments at Berkeley. Myriam Boueri has carried out her master thesis work at Berkeley. With respect to CNRS, the collaboration is well appreciated. The Department of International Relationship of the CNRS will continue to support the collaboration for three years after the end of the funding from France Berkeley Fund. The Berkeley team involved in this collaborative project includes both the University of California at Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). With respect to the university, the Berkeley faculty contributes to the training of graduate students of Lyon 1 University, and the French students had an opportunity to work side-by-side with Berkeley graduate students. With respect to LBNL, the collaboration involves the use the world class laser research facility, based on which a French master thesis has been completed (also part of a French PhD thesis). As the result of this project, the U.C. Berkeley research team has established long-term collaboration with Lyon 1 University team. One joint scientific article has been submitted for publication and the second one is in preparation. Professor Mao and Professor Yu are currently developing a joint research proposal based on the results of this collaboration, and they will be meeting with each other every summer at Berkeley or at Lyon. 5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? This France-Berkeley fund has been primarily used to cover the travel expenses of the following two trips for Lyon 1 researchers to perform joint experiments at Berkeley. Trip-1: October, 2006 ($4000) Professor Yu and Mr. Baudelet visited Berkeley. Trip-2: April, 2007 ($6000) Professor Yu, Mr. Baudelet, and Ms. Boueri visited Berkeley. Based on the accomplishments of the joint research, CNRS will continue support the collaboration for three additional years. In the meantime, Prof. Mao and Prof. Yu are developing a joint research proposal to further the collaboration. FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

57

Samuel Mao, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley Jin Yu, Department of Physics, Universite Lyon 1 Laser ablation and standoff elemental analysis with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

6) Please give any recommendations or feedback you may have regarding the France-Berkeley Fund. (a) The France-Berkeley Fund is an important and successful vehicle to support creative ideas jointly developed by France and Berkeley researchers. (b) The France-Berkeley Fund could have broader impact if advertised more in French institutions. Most of my French colleagues did not know this Fund, and after I told him/her, they all expressed interest in establishing collaborations (including a colleague who has long been an advisor of the European Commission scientific programs).

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

58

Ramon Grosfoguel, Department of Ethnic Studies, UC Berkeley Michel Wieviorka, Centre d’Analyse et d’Intervention Sociologiques,Paris Recent Migrations, Colonial Heritage and Cultural Recompositions.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. We had our first meeting at UC-Berkeley. Participants presented their papers and we discussed each of them collectively. We plan to have another meeting early next year. 2) Give the names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project. Members of the Berkeley team: Ramón Grosfoguel, Associate Professor: Caribbean migrations and racialized minority groups in the U.S. and Europe. Laura Pérez, Associate Professor, director of Chicana and Chicano studies at UCB: artistic creation by Chicana women. Nelson Maldonado-Torres, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Ethnic Studies, UC-Berkeley: Latinos in the U.S. and in Latin American and Caribbean societies and their relationship to knowledge, Tyler Stoval, Professor History Dept.: Blacks in France b) Young researchers (doctoral candidates): Félix Germain Rahsaan Maxwell Roberto Hernandez Members of the French team: a) Professors / Researchers: Michel Wieviorka: Director CADIS at EHESS Yvon Le Bot, research director at the CNRS and member of the CADIS: the social and cultural actors in international migrations. Antimo Luigi Farro, Associate Professor, CADIS Alain Tarrius, Professor at the University of Toulouse II and member of the CADIS: the new characteristics of international migrations; migratory flows from the southern frontier of Europe. James Cohen, Associate Professor of Political Science, University of Paris VIII and lecturer at the Institut d’études politiques de Paris (Sciences Po): North-South relations, models of integration, citizenship and cultural diversity in France and the United States. b) Younger researchers (doctoral or post-doctoral level): Alexandra Poli Fatima Qacha Hasnia-Sonia Missaoui Mehdi Alioua Nicola Tietze Thomas Lacroix Anna Perraudin Paola García

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

59

Ramon Grosfoguel, Department of Ethnic Studies, UC Berkeley Michel Wieviorka, Centre d’Analyse et d’Intervention Sociologiques,Paris Recent Migrations, Colonial Heritage and Cultural Recompositions.

3) List all publications resulting from this project. Include journal titles and issues/dates. Please include the addresses for all websites related to the project. We are in the process of organizing an edited volume. The idea is to collect the papers after our final meeting next year and submit them for publication in French and English. 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? This project facilitated academic exchange and links between the Ethnic Studies Department and the CADIS at the EHESS. We are planning another meeting early next year and new collaborative projects in the near future. We have identify a common comparative research agenda that has been crucial for our academic exchange. 5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? We are basically paying for the lodging and air tickets of the participants. We already did a first meeting at UC-Berkeley in earlyMarch, 2007 and are planning another meeting in Paris for early 2008. 6) Please give any recommendations or feedback you may have regarding the France-Berkeley Fund. This is a wonderful Fund that should be continued. It allows to develop collaborative projects between academics at UCBerkeley and academics in France. So far, we are very happy with the way it has developed. I think FBF should develop a series with an academic press for the publication of the results of the academic exchange. This could facilitate the publication of the best papers presented in the workshops.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

60

Sharmila Majumbar, Dept. of Bioengineering,UC Berkeley Francoise Peyrin, CREATIS, INSA Lyon Synchrotron Radiation micro Computed Tomography: Analysis of Bone Quality.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. The aim of the project was to exploit the power of Synchrotron radiation micro computed tomography (SR?CT) to image the architecture and the mineral density in bone samples. A powerful SR?CT allowing has been designed at the ESRF, Grenoble. A protocol was designed to investigate the role of Insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) which is supposed to be critical during the accelerated periods of bone formation and resorption seen during early skeletal development. It included different groups of mice spine and tibia samples prepared to be images using SRμCT at the ESRF. Samples were prepared at UCSF (San Francisco, USA). Mice heterozygous for the IGF-I gene were bred and the females sacrificed at gestation days 14, 16 and 18. Each fetus were genotyped to identify IGF-I deficient (IGF-I -/-) and wildtype (IGF +/+) animals. The lumbar spine and tibia were excised from 3 IGF-I -/- and 3 IGF +/+ animals for each time point. Six groups were constituted corresponding to day 14,16 and 18, and knock-out (KO)or wild type (WT). The samples were fixed in 70% ethanol for storage. The UCSF team brought them to ESRF (Grenoble, France) for imaging. Each tibia and spine sample was fixed to the end of a small pin with wax and mounted on a motorized stage designed for micro-tomography experiments. The experiment was performed on beamline ID19. A pixel size on detector of 0.7μm was used with a field of view of 1.4mmx0.7mm (detector size : 2048x1024). For each sample, 1200 radiographs were acquired with an exposure time of 0.2s per view yielding to a total scan time of 9.4 mn. Due to the small size of the samples, the energy was set to 10 Kev. We performed a total of 85 scans, corresponding to approximately 6 samples per groups. Due to the very high radiation dose level, sample deformation could be observed during some scans, thus some of them had to be repeated two to three times. Holotomographic acquisitions were also performed on three samples. The experiment yielded a total amount of data of about 350 GBytes. After acquisition, the data were pre-processed for motion correction using a customized program developed at ESRF. Then, the 3D images were reconstructed using a filtered back projection algorithm. Typically the final image size varied from 1400x1400x1024 to 2048x2048x1024 (4GBytes). The floating point images were next converted in 16 bits and 8 bits images to save memory. A total of approximately 600 GBytes of data were then saved on hard disks by both teams. The data are currently being processed by both team in order to extract quantitative parameters of bone structure and mineralization in the different groups. Image processing tools are being developed to manage the large data set (up to 4 GBytes per image). The day 14 images were removed from the quantitative analysis since visually no bone was apparent on the images at this stage. The day 16-KO images were also removed for the same reason. Five samples were selected in each group (d16-KO, d18-KO, d16-WT, d18- WT) with a spine and tibia image for each of them (except for d16-KO). Figure 1 illustrates vertical slice in two tibia samples (day 16).

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

61

Sharmila Majumbar, Dept. of Bioengineering,UC Berkeley Francoise Peyrin, CREATIS, INSA Lyon Synchrotron Radiation micro Computed Tomography: Analysis of Bone Quality.

Regions of Interest (ROI) were manually extracted in the spine and tibia images. The resulting images were generated and cropped to reduce the data set. Figure 2 presents 3D displays in spine ROIs for a KO and WT samples, illustrating the major effect of IGF-I deficiency.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

62

Sharmila Majumbar, Dept. of Bioengineering,UC Berkeley Francoise Peyrin, CREATIS, INSA Lyon Synchrotron Radiation micro Computed Tomography: Analysis of Bone Quality.

Work in progress concerns the segmentation of the gray level image in binary images. For this purpose different methods will be compared: simple thresholding, hysteresis and region growing. After segmentation, the conventional quantitative parameters used in bone studies will be extracted from the different volumes: BVTV (partial bone volume), Tb.Th* (trabecular thickness), ), Tb.Th* (trabecular spacing, Tb.N (number of trabeculae), DA (degree of anisotropy), topologic analysis including connectivity and Euler analysis, SMI (Structure Model Index). Statistical analysis will then be performed to conclude on the significant differences between the groups. 2) Give the names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project. French Team Françoise Peyrin, Research Director Zsolt Peter, post doctoral fellow Olivier Cécile, engineer Sylvain Galmiche, 2nd year engineer trainee Rémy Foray, 2nd year engineer trainee Berkeley Team Sharmila Majumdar, Professor Andrew Burghardt, engineer Galateia.Kazakia, 3) List all publications resulting from this project. Include journal titles and issues/dates. Please include the addresses for all websites related to the project. Publications will be written after completion of image processing and analysis of all results which should be available beginning of September 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? This project has been very interesting to establish collaboration between the two sites. The resolution of 0.7 μm used in this study from SR μCT at ESRF is not available using standard micro-CT devices. The project has also initiated exchanges at the level of image processing, which could be pursued in the future. 5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? - Hard disks : 6 x 300 GB (see US Team) - Travel expenses : stay scheduled next October (see US Team)

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

63

Chin-Fu Tsang, Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Yves Gugliemi, Géosciences Azur (UMR 6526), Valbonne, France Superimposed effects of surface temperature variations and aquifer free-water surface oscillations on rock slope stability – a unique field experiment analyzed by advanced coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical modelling approaches.

1) What is the current status of the project? What has been achieved? How does this relate to the original projected timeline? This project addresses coupled effects of groundwater pressure deformation and temperature on slope elastic and non-elastic deformation. Short-term effects linked to heavy rainfalls as well as long term effects related to global climate changes are studied through original THM experiments on a well characterized and multi-instrumented fractured rock slope and analyzed with advanced coupled THM numerical models. First part of the project consisting on in situ THM experiments on the Coaraze site in France has been achieved at the end of 2006. The Coaraze Natural Laboratory Site is a well characterized fractured carbonate rock slope (30 m ? 30 m ? 15 m) that was extensively instrumented for detailed hydraulic and mechanical measurements during water-level changes. The slope is naturally drained by a spring that can be artificially closed or opened by a water-gate. Thus, the free-water surface movements and the fluid pressures can be controlled in the slope by opening or closing the gate. Experiments were performed as follow: - First, thermal and mechanical behaviour of the dry slope was monitored for a few daily air temperature fluctuations period; - Second, the 10m thick basal part of the slope was saturated with water by closing the water gate. Thermo-hydromechanical behaviour was monitored for a few daily air temperature fluctuations period. - Third, the ten years thermo-hydromechanical monitoring of the site was reassembled in a unique data file and analyzed. First experimental results are: - Given the depth of investigation (0 to 5 m), it clearly appears that daily thermal effects induce non linear deformations linked to transient TM effects. Seasonal thermal effects induce linear deformations linked to steady state long term TM effects. The magnitude of TM seasonal effects is a factor of 6 to 10 higher than the magnitude of daily effects. On short term pressure variations within the slope (a few hours to a few days), the slope deformation is mainly controlled by HM effects. On long term pressure variations (several days to several months), the slope deformation is controlled by TM effects. The magnitude of HM effects is a factor of 4 to 10 lower than the magnitude of TM effects. - The combination of seasonal TM and HM effects induces high deformation magnitudes of discontinuities between 0 to about 5 m depth. Seasonal deformations are mainly explained by heating of the slope both by groundwater and external and in-the-discontinuities air temperatures variations. For example, an artificial emptying of the slope performed in the cold season will induce a global cooling of the slope and an additional opening of the discontinuities of about 50%. Global cooling is explained by the replacement of relatively warm groundwater (13 °C) by cold air (5 °C) in the discontinuities and at the slope surface. Natural discharge of the aquifer in summer will induce a global warming of the slope and an additional closing of the discontinuity of about 50%. Global warming is linked to hot air (30 to 40 °C) taking the place of the 13 °C water in the slope and at the slope surface.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

64

Chin-Fu Tsang, Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Yves Gugliemi, Géosciences Azur (UMR 6526), Valbonne, France. Superimposed effects of surface temperature variations and aquifer free-water surface oscillations on rock slope stability – a unique field experiment analyzed by advanced coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical modelling approaches.

Second part of the project consisting in THM numerical analyses was initiated at the beginning of 2007. Thermal analyses were initiated on a bi-dimensional cross section of the slope: - Analyses of temperatures variations at the daily and the yearly time periods; - A sensitivity study to thermal properties of rock was initiated. First results of numerical analyses are : - At the daily scale, correspondence between thermal calculations and measurements is good. Variations in the one meter superficial layer of the slope are very important and vary a lot depending on the location at the slope surface and depending on the exponential of both the external air temperature oscillation pulsation and the rock diffusivity. A decrease of the conductivity induces a decrease of the penetration depth of the thermal oscillations. - At the yearly scale, there is a bad correspondence between calculations and measurements. In all cases, the calculations restore well the periodic variations measured at the points but they much over-estimate the temperature magnitudes. The good match at the daily scale and the bad match at the yearly scale can be explained by two different initial states of the slope. Daily experiments were performed in a completely dry slope while yearly measurements correspond to a slope filled with water at the measuring points’elevation. The aquifer temperature is almost constant all the year and equal to 13°C. Groundwater temperature remains constant and little influenced by air temperature variations because it is permanently drained at the boundaries of the slope with high flow velocities linked to high permeable fractures in the slope. Such permanent flow induces a permanent internal heating of the slope that is superimposed to the external air heating. When the slope is naturally or artificially emptied with water the temperature variation magnitude at the points is increasing and they become much closer to the magnitudes estimated with the numerical model. The current achievements of the project follow the proposed time schedule. Within the next months, numerical analyses will be developed in different ways : -two-dimensional Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical fully coupled models will be developed both to analyze daily and yearly effects. -A 3-dimensional THM model of the slope will then be realized; -the THM response of a hypothetical, but realistic, slope will be modelled in a parametric study in which (i) significant thermal and pressure increases (such as the ones that can happened during catastrophic natural events) (ii) long term climate change (slow increase in temperatures) will be simulated. 2) Indicate how much money has been spent to date. How much do you anticipate spending? No money from the FBF funding has been spent to date. All the current achievements previously described were co-funded from one French program held by the UMR Geosciences Azur (CURARE program) that allowed to purchase a mesh generator (FEMAP) and to perform the in-situ experiments. This project also funded visits of two French researchers (Y.Guglielmi and F.Cappa) to the LBNL (USA) respectively to initiate the numerical analyses and get trained to the LBNL numerical codes. We anticipate the FBF funding as follow:

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

65

Chin-Fu Tsang, Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Yves Gugliemi, Géosciences Azur (UMR 6526), Valbonne, France. Superimposed effects of surface temperature variations and aquifer free-water surface oscillations on rock slope stability – a unique field experiment analyzed by advanced coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical modelling approaches.

-In August and September 2007, one French researcher (Yves Guglielmi) will come and stay at the Berkeley National Laboratory to discuss and achieve the THM numerical analyses of the experiments. -In November 2007, a four days workshop with a field trip in the upper Tinée Valley (Alpes-Maritimes, France) will be organized with all the project participants in Geosciences Azur (Nice). Some experts from other French laboratories (Jean Virieux and Stéphane Garambois, Grenoble) and from Italy (Claudio Scavia, Politechnico di Torino) will be invited to discuss the final results of the FBF project. A visit to a large unstable rock slope well instrumented for the study of THM effects, the Valabres rockslide will be organised. This final part of the project will help define (i) new conceptual THM models of large currently unstable rock slopes (ii) new slope characterization and monitoring devices. Fundings from FBF will allow travel and accommodation of two LBNL researchers (C.F.Tsang and J.Rutvist) and the organisation of the workshop. 3) What remains to be done for this project? When will the project be completed? About 60 % of the numerical analyses remain to be done. Currently the thermo-mechanical and the hydro-mechanical effects on rock slope deformation have been studied separately. The on-going work will consist in: fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical modeling; 3D analyses. The project will be completed at the end of December 2007 after the workshop that will be organized in France in November 2007. 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of the project. Highlight aspects of the project that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. This project is a highly collaborative project with two very complementary partners. On one part, it allows Geosciences Azur to continue developing innovative coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical experimental approaches that will have applications much larger than geotechnical. Indeed, the innovative synchronous temperature-pressure-deformation measuring devices that are calibrated within the frame of this project will find application in reservoir engineering and seismically active faults characterization for example. Guglielmi Y., Cappa F., Rutqvist J., Tsang C-F, Thoraval A. (2007) – The hydromechanical behavior of a complex rock slope in response to free water-level movements (soumis - Int J Rock Mech Min Sci).

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

66

Chin-Fu Tsang, Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Yves Gugliemi, Géosciences Azur (UMR 6526), Valbonne, France. Superimposed effects of surface temperature variations and aquifer free-water surface oscillations on rock slope stability – a unique field experiment analyzed by advanced coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical modelling approaches.

On another part, the FBF project is an opportunity for the LBNL to develop and calibrate numerical codes devoted to the study of THM coupled effects on rock slopes stability. The application of these codes to the analysis of rock slope stability both at the short and the long term is a key innovative part of the project. Through the exchange of researchers, the project allows close comparison of experimental data with numerical results and the development of new numerical and experimental tools for rock slopes characterization and monitoring. In addition, it allows researchers from Geosciences Azur (Yves Guglielmi and Frederic Cappa) to be trained to the advanced numerical analyses developed by the LBNL. Some new collaborations possibilities are already discussed to apply the new geomechanical character ization and monitoring protocols that will be achieved in this project. Therefore, various environmental problems may benefit from the proposed work that may range from territory management (buildings, roads) to waste manage ment (final [chemical/nuclear] deposits or unwanted [CO2] deposits) as well as deep reservoir investigation (below 4 km) blinded by superficial variations (500-m thickness). 5) Will this project result in a publication? (Indicate form of publication, if possible.) In January 2007, the following publication was submitted to the International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. Guglielmi Y., Cappa F., Rutqvist J., Tsang C-F, Thoraval A. (2007) – The hydromechanical behavior of a complex rock slope in response to free water-level movements (soumis - Int J Rock Mech Min Sci). At the end of the project another scientific publication and a technical note should be submitted on the results of the Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical analyses and to describe how to apply the new protocol to slope stability characterization.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

67

Christos Papadimitriou, Department of Computer Science, UC Berkeley Nicolas Sourlas, Département de Physique, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de L’Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR 8549 Inference in Graphical Models and Multi-user Communications: Algorithms, Complexity, and Large System Analysis.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. There was much collaborative research activity within the framework of the proposed research: •We have formulated a data-fitting problem related to multi-user communication, and are working on understanding its complexity. A conference paper (by Monasson, Papadimitriou, and Sourlas) is under preparation. •We have developed (with two more colleagues) a complexity theory of connectivity of solutions of inference problems, a journal paper is being submitted. •In an unanticipated direction, with postdoc Adi Livnat we have done work on understanding, in terms of graphical models inference, the evolutionary advantage of genetic modularity. A journal paper is being submitted. 2) Give the names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project. Nicolas Sourlas, Professor Remi Monasson, Associate Professor Christos H. Papadimitriou, Professor Elitza Maneva, graduate student at Berkeley, now postdoc at IBM Adi Livnat, formerly graduate student in Biology at Princeton, now postdoc at Berkeley 3) List all publications resulting from this project. Include journal titles and issues/dates. Please include the addresses for all websites related to the project. P. Gopalan, P. Kolaitis, E. Maneva, C. Papadimitriou. The connectivity of Boolean satisfiability (submitted to SIAM J. Computing).

R. Monasson, C. Papadimitriou, N. Sourlas On the complexity of a data-fitting problem (in preparation). A. Livnat, C. Papadimitriou Genetic Modularity (soon to be submitted for publication) 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? Papadimitriou visited The Sourlas-Monasson group for 10 days in February 2007 and interacted extensively with them, formulating during that time the data-fitting problem. During that visit, Papadimitriou gave a talk on Nash equilibria at the annual meeting of the Groupement deRecherche "Informatique Mathématique" of the CNRS. Adi Livnat met with Papadimitriou during the same trip, and together they developed during that visit the genetic modularity framework.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

68

Christos Papadimitriou, Department of Computer Science, UC Berkeley Nicolas Sourlas, Département de Physique, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de L’Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR 8549 Inference in Graphical Models and Multi-user Communications: Algorithms, Complexity, and Large System Analysis.

Maneva visited France earlier, to participate in a workshop related to the subject of the grant in Reims (supported by another source). Sourlas visited California the Fall of 2006 (to attend a school at UCSB, also supported by another source), and interacted with Papadimitriou during that time. Strong research bonds have been forged between the two groups. We plan to continue our interaction, possibly with a visit of the French group to Berkeley in the Fall 2006. Adi Livnat has obtained a Miller fellowship and is now in Berkeley, to continue his work with Papadimitriou 5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? About $6,000 have been spent on travel (the France trip by Papadimitriou and the trip by Livnat), and much smaller amounts for supporting activity. 6) Please give any recommendations or feedback you may have regarding the France-Berkeley Fund. One year is a very short time for a research project to come to fruition; it is almost impossible for any papers resulting from this research to have been completed. I would strongly recommend two-year grants (within the same budget framework)

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

69

Nelson Max, Department of Computer Science, UC Davis Fabrice Neyret,Equipe EVASION,Laboratoire GRAVIR. France Real-time realistic rendering of clouds.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. The grant was for the collaboration between Fabrice Neyret, of the CNRS and GRAVIR/IMAG, INRIA Rhone-Alpes, and Nelson Max, of U C Davis and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), primarily for the support of Antoine Bouthors, a PhD student of Fabrice Neyret, to work with Nelson Max for the summer at U C Davis. Antoine works on approximate methods for simulating multiple scattering of light in clouds, which can be implemented on a graphics processing unit (GPU). Last summer, he developed a method for determining the size and position of the illuminated region (collector) that is relevant for a final scattering towards the viewpoint at a given position in the cloud, as a function the average cloud thickness for this illumination region. He then computed the brightness of this final scattering, as a function of this cloud thickness, the position of the final scattering, and the illumination and viewing ray angles. These computations were obtained by Monte Carlo multiple scattering simulations. Antoine coded an MPI version of his simulation code, for the LLNL Linux clusters, and has run the simulations at LLNL, Davis, and Grenoble. The final goal of this work is to extract from these computations a multi-dimensional function or texture encoding the collector parameters and brightness that can be easily accessed by the GPU during rendering. To do so, an extensive analysis of the results is necessary. This analysis has started and is ongoing. During the course of this study, we found that an intermediate approach could be used, by reducing the dimensionality of the problem. We kept the collector parameters and brightness as functions of the cloud thickness and eye position and approximated the other parameters (viewing and illumination angles) using a common convolution method. Doing so allowed us to approximate these two functions as simple formulas, with parameters that are fit to the results of the Monte Carlo simulations. These formulas are then evaluated on the GPU at rendering time to integrate the final brightness of each pixel of the cloud seen at interactive frame rates. 2) Give the names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project. Nelson Max, Professor of Computer Science, U C Davis Fabrice Neyret, researcher, CNRS Antoine Bouthors, doctoral student, University of Grenoble Eric Bruneton, researcher, INRIA Grenoble Brian Budge, doctoral student, U C Davis 3) List all publications resulting from this project. Include journal titles and issues/dates. No accepted publications yet directly from the current research, but the paper "Real time realistic illumination and shading of stratiform clouds" by Antoine Bouthors, Fabrice Neyret, and Sylvain Lefebvre, presented at the Eurographics Workshop on Natural Phenomena, September 5, 2006, reported on earlier results of this research program, and had its final editing partially supported by the grant. We submitted a paper "Real-time realistic rendering of dynamic clouds with multiple Mie scattering" describing our research results to the 2007 Eurographics Workshop on

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

70

Nelson Max, Department of Computer Science, UC Davis Fabrice Neyret,Equipe EVASION,Laboratoire GRAVIR. France Real-time realistic rendering of clouds.

Natural Phenomena, on Sept 4, 2007. The results in this paper will be presented verbally to the LIMA working group in France this July. This research also lead to the submission of a sketch at the ACM SIGGRAPH conference on subsurface scattering in skin and marble materials, whose mathematics is close to that of multiple scattering in clouds. Antoine Bouthors and Brian Budge are planning to submit an article to the Journal of Graphic Tools about the Mie phase function, describing the scattering behavior of water droplets in clouds, rain, steam, etc. We are planning to submit the final results of this work, including results based on the full analysis of our computations, to the 2008 Eurographics conference whose deadline is in September 2007. 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? The collaboration was chiefly by e-mail, and occasional meetings at conferences. It was more intense during the summer when Antoine was at U C Davis, and during the Eurographics Workshop on Natural Phenomena in September 2006, where the grant supported the travel of Nelson Max, allowing an actual physical meeting and discussion of the research by all three main participants. This specific collaboration has continued with further e-mail discussions after the visit supported by the grant ended last summer, and is expected to continue until Antoine Bouthors receives his PhD. The research collaboration between Nelson Max and Fabrice Neyret may also continue on other yet to be determined related research projects. 5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? Institute for Data Analysis and Visualization, U C Davis Facilities usage fees for 3 months, including supplies, computer use, and staff support $1800.00 Travel to conferences: Antoine Bouthors, ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Antoine Bouthors, Graphics Hardware 2006 Nelson Max, Graphics Hardware 2006 and Eurographics Workshop on Natural Phenomena Total travel

$ 2218.73 $4120.98

Living expenses for Antoine Bouthors in Davis, CA

$4027.02

Total

9948.00

$ 1260.19 $ 642.06

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

71

Nelson Max, Department of Computer Science, UC Davis Fabrice Neyret,Equipe EVASION,Laboratoire GRAVIR. France Real-time realistic rendering of clouds.

This total is larger than the $9000 grant, because the award letter never reached the U C Davis Office of Research, and the U C Davis PI did not notice that the award in the letter was not for the full amount requested. The U C Davis Office of Research agreed to pay the $948 difference. We do not envision soliciting additional funds for this specific research 6) Please give any recommendations or feedback you may have regarding the France-Berkeley Fund. The application and reporting procedures were relatively simple and painless, which is appropriate for the small amounts of money involved. It was a little frustrating that the France-Berkeley Fund office closed in late June, 2006 for a couple of weeks just after the grants were announced, as this was when our project started, since the research was already ongoing, and we were just waiting for this support to enhance it. But there is probably no optimal time for a vacation office closure.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

72

Xixi Zhao, Department of Earth Sciences and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, UC Santa Cruz Mireille Perrin, Laboratoire de Tectonophysique, UMR Université Montpellier II Intensity of the Earth’s magnetic field during the Miocene.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. In our application for France-Berkeley Fund (FBF), we proposed to study the earth's magnetic field intensity between 6 and 17/ /million years ago (Ma)/ /during the Miocene; a period/ /in which reversals occurred frequently. We planed to carry out paleomagnetic sampling at localities in Columbia River Plateau, to investigate these samples in both the UCSC and Montpellier laboratories, to date key samples with Ar-Ar method, to report our findings at professional meetings, and to write up our results for publication. To date, we have successfully completed field seasons in large areas of the Columbia River Basalt province (Richland, Washington, Lewiston and Potlatch, Idaho), under the guidance of leading geology expert on the Columbia River Basalt Dr. Steven Reidel. We collected more than 200 basaltic samples at sites distributed in these regions. In the lab, we have conducted paleomagnetic and rock magnetic screening on all the basalt samples. Specifically, each sample has been subjected to complete alternative field (AF) or progressive thermal demagnetization to resolve all components of magnetization. Curie temperature determinations and grain size analyses also were also performed to fully characterize the rock magnetic properties and to produce a detailed history of the magnetic stability of the rocks under study. These results of these studies, briefly summarized below, are used further as a basis for our proposed work. The demagnetization behaviors of basalt samples were very straightforwards: vector diagrams for both AF and thermal demagnetization show decrease of the remanence straight to the origin. Thermomagnetic curves measured in a high field of 800 mT on the dated basalt are dominated by low-Titanium magnetite with a Curie temperature between 560-585°C. Good reversibility of heating and cooling curves suggesting no distinct magnetic mineralogical alteration occur during heating, which is desirable and suitable for palaeointensity studies. During the report period, we have also continued to develop the new approach for paleointensity determination that uses the pTRM portion of the Theiller method with mild AF pre-treatment of the samples. The principle of our method is relative simple but the experimental requirements are rather severe. Our premise is that one can clearly distinguish whether or not samples are suitable for paleointensity determination and rescue and extend paleointensity results that would not normally fulfill the rigid requirements of absolute paleointensity determination. We have selected representative samples from the Columbia River Basalt province and will apply the new method on them for paleointensity determination. So far, results from our pilot experiments show that the inert atmosphere (provided by a vacuum oven) can avoid the relative low temperature oxidation. 2) Give the names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project. At UCSC, Santa Cruz Xixi Zhao (Research Professor of Geophysics), Lisa Hawkins (Graduate student), Jennifer Cheng ( undergraduate student) At Université Montpellier II, Montpellier Mireille Perrin (Research Professor of Geophysics), Claire Carvallo (Postdoctoral researcher), Andy Biggin (postdoctoral researcher) FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

73

Xixi Zhao, Department of Earth Sciences and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, UC Santa Cruz Mireille Perrin, Laboratoire de Tectonophysique, UMR Université Montpellier II Intensity of the Earth’s magnetic field during the Miocene.

Collaborators Steven Reidel (Geologist, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Battelle-Pacific Northwest Division, USA) Zhong Zheng (Research Geophysicist, Japan) 3) List all publications resulting from this project. Include journal titles and issues/dates. Please include the addresses for all websites related to the project. Zheng, Z. and X. Zhao. (2006): "A new Approach for Absolute Paleointensity Determination: Consideration on Blocking Processes Between Temperature and Interaction-Field", AGU Fall meeting, USA Zheng, Z. X. Zhao and Y. Hamano. (2007): "An experimental simulation of the effect of magnetostatic interaction in Thellier paleointensity experiment", JPGU Spring meeting, Japan. R. Coe, N. Jarboe, (2007): “How complex are reversals?” Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 9, 06059, 2007, SRef-ID: 1607-7962/gra/EGU2007-A-06059 © European Geosciences Union 2007. Perrin, M., Alva-Valdivia, L.M., and Chauvin, A. Tertiary volcanic rocks from the Patagonian plateau, Argentina, AGU spring Meeting, Acapulco, Mexico, 2007. Biggin, J.B., M. Perrin, and J. Shaw, A comparison of a Quasi-Perpendicular method of absolute palaeointensity determination with other thermal and microwave techniques, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 257, 564-581, 2007. 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? The project is a truly collaborative research that has been mutually beneficial for both campuses. The French researchers do not have easy access to many field areas in the Columbia River Basalt regions without a US guide and local permissions. The collaboration also provides the opportunity to compare paleointensity determination made by traditional Thellier method and the microwave method currently used in Liverpool University, UK, to be conducted by the French PI. This is a crucial component of this FBF research, which is not readily accessible by US team (certainly much more costly). During our fieldwork, the French PI also visited UCSC research facilities and exchanged our findings. This project has been promoting new collaborative research actions and long-term linkages among the University of California Santa Cruz and University of Montpelier and enabled more equal participation and more rapid progress for our research project. We are planning to continue and expand our collaborative research effort on rocks collected from India and Tibet in near future. Indeed, our future collaboration is flourishing, many thanks to the France-Berkeley fund!

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

74

Xixi Zhao, Department of Earth Sciences and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, UC Santa Cruz Mireille Perrin, Laboratoire de Tectonophysique, UMR Université Montpellier II Intensity of the Earth’s magnetic field during the Miocene.

5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? The France-Berkeley Fund has been used for travel and field supplies. Although we activated our grant on June 23, 2006, the award did not get processed in Santa Cruz campus until August 8, 2006. The account was formally set up only at the beginning of this year. As a result, we had to use funds from our existing US National Science Foundation (NSF) grants to conduct fieldwork for FBF research and requested the 6-months no cost extension for our FBF grant. Thus, FBF funds were used for contributing back to the fieldwork cost in Madagascar, which is to study paleointensity in Cretaceous and Tertiary time and is complementary to the FBF research objectives. Because the Madagascar sampling sites are in the desired southern hemisphere locations, the new research activities are strong additions of our originally proposed study. In addition, FBF funds were also used for a US researcher to present results at the European Geosciences Union Meeting in Vienna, Austria and for the French PI to present our preliminary findings at American Geophysical Union 2007 Joint Assembly in Acapulco, Mexico. For the remaining funds ($2321.54), we plan to use about half of it to conduct microwave paleointensity experiments at Liverpool University (by the French PI ) in the fall, which should allow us to compare our own results obtained by the classic double-heating Thellier method for paleointensity determination. The US PI for this project will make a short field trip to Columbia River basalt region in late August to collect additional paleomagnetic samples at localities where rocks record faithfully the magnetic field that existed at the time of their eruption, are fresh enough for isotopic dating, and behave nicely during laboratory heating experiments.* *We will also radiometric date some of the samples after they have yielded reliable paleointensity results, which may require us to apply for additional funding from US National Science Foundation (NSF) to cover the dating cost.** Finally, as allured above, our longer range plan is to submit a collaborative research proposal to US National Science Foundation to study Cenozoic rocks from India and Tibet. 6) Please give any recommendations or feedback you may have regarding the France-Berkeley Fund. We have greatly appreciated the funding provided to us by the France-Berkeley fund, which allow us to conduct this important research. We are also very thankful for the prompt and courteous replies by the FBF staff members whenever we had questions and requests.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

75

Diane Beckles, Department of Plant Sciences, UC Davis Nadia Bertin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, Avignon, France Analysis of carbon allocation in transgenic tomatoes via molecular and ecophysiological approaches.

1)Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. The goal of this project is to perform a systematic and comprehensive description of molecular and eco-physiological events underlying carbon allocation in transgenic tomatoes. This will be accomplished by performing detailed physiological measurements with careful documenting and by performing the massive parallel measurements of transcripts and metabolites in control and transgenic tomato leaf and fruit. Our end goal is to develop and integrate molecular and physiological models to explain how changes in leaf carbohydrates (CHO) affect fruit growth and quality. The premise was that his work will help to identify potential genetic determinants of fruit sugar content. Eco-physiological measurements/model Goals: Define differences in the physiology of leaf and fruit between the control and transgenic lines by collecting incremental data points in the different genotypes and computing the data into models developed by the French team. A description of phenotype is important because carbohydrate metabolism is webbed with almost all aspects of plant growth and development and changes in carbohydrates synthesized we hypothesis, will have ramifications for whole plant physiology. Doctoral student Marion Prudent from INRA, France visited Davis in November 2006 and taught doctoral student Kietsuda Luengwilai (Davis) how to make precise eco-physiological measurements of tomato fruit growth parameters. This study was initially performed on two tomato genotypes that differ in carbon allocation and did not include the transgenic lines described in the proposal. This approach was necessary for two reasons (i) November is not the optimal growth season for tomatoes and the environment has an overwhelming impact on tomato growth physiology. (ii) It gave Kietsuda the opportunity to learn, properly plan and execute the technique for her transgenic population. All relevant data has been collected using the transgenic population grown in Davis in the spring of 2007. This includes data related to (i) plant development – rate of node production (leaves, truss and flowers) (ii) carbon assimilatory capacity – rate of leaf expansion, leaf photosynthetic activity and (iii) changes in sink capacity – fruit growth rate. We were unable to perform experiments informing on cell number, cell division rate as described in the proposal. An integrative model has been developed that simulates tomato fruit growth in relation with the accumulation of water and carbon compounds using the collected data. This model relies on a biophysical description of water and carbohydrates transport coupled with the stimulation of cell wall extension driven by the influx of water and the turgor pressure. In parallel a sugar model has been written for tomato. It simulates the partitioning of the carbon input unloaded from the phloem into sucrose, glucose, fructose, other compounds, and CO2 produced by respiration. Coupling these two models will help analyzing how the growth and composition of fruit were affected on transgenic lines. Molecular analysis Goals: define changes in the transcriptome by cDNA microarrays and the metabolome by HPLC and GC-MS of fruit and leaf. HPLC profiling of carbohydrates in control and transgenic fruit through development and control and transgenic leaf during the diurnal cycle has been completed. FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

76

Diane Beckles, Department of Plant Sciences, UC Davis Nadia Bertin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, Avignon, France Analysis of carbon allocation in transgenic tomatoes via molecular and ecophysiological approaches.

Collection of tissues for cDNA microarrays and GC-MS metabolic profiling analysis is currently being performed. Summer is the optimal growth period for tomatoes in Davis. Methods for extracting and purifying RNA for transcriptomics have been established in the lab by two undergraduates under supervision by PI Beckles. Total RNA from leaves of 24 lines of control and transgenic have been processed for cDNA microarrays. This was accomplished by three undergraduates. Samples from fruit have not been collected as yet as the fruit has not reached maturation. Transcriptomic analysis will be performed at the UC Medical Centre in the Fall by doctoral student Kietsuda Luengwilai after her qualifying exams. Tissue collected for cDNA array analysis is also being processed for metabolite profiling which will be done in Golm, Germany at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology. Genomic Southerns of a small subset of the transgenic tomato population was performed by 18 student in a lab class that PI Beckles teaches. Theaim of that study was to determine TF gene copy number in the transgenics. 2) Give the names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project. Marion Prudent (doctoral student – INRA) Kietsuda Luengwilai (doctoral student – UCD) Nadia Bertin CR1 (France PI - INRA)? Diane M Beckles (Assistant Professor - UCD) Alexander Louie (Undergraduate student – UCD ) Jonathan Evans (undergraduate student -UCD) Eric Yin Lau (Undergraduate Student -UCD) Kassidy Polk (Los Rios Community College student) Pamela Chacha (Undergraduate student UCD) Jason Hung (Undergraduate student -UCD) Boryana Stamova (Doctoral student -UCD) Eighteen undergraduates of PLB161A Class– Plant Genetics Biotechnology Lab 3) List all publications resulting from this project. Include journal titles and issues/dates. Please include the addresses for all websites related to the project. NA

4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? Yes, we anticipate future collaborations. (i)The analysis and integration of the data has not been completed. Transposing the eco-physiology model’s output with transcriptomic and metabolite data will require both group to generate new bioinformatics approaches and knowledge. (ii) Both graduate students are performing transcriptomics analyses. Methods have been exchanged between the two and it is fully expected that they will consult with each other on other aspects of the work.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

77

Diane Beckles, Department of Plant Sciences, UC Davis Nadia Bertin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, Avignon, France Analysis of carbon allocation in transgenic tomatoes via molecular and ecophysiological approaches.

(iii) The Davis group will transfer all bioinformatics know-how including data-mining tools essential to extracting useful biological information from large datasets to the French Group to help in their interpretation of data from their expeirments. Boryana Stamova (my other graduate student) has already been using some statistical packages and software programs to identify basic transcript-to-transcript, metabolite-to-metabolite and transcript-to-metabolite correlations that behave similarly in different genotypes by transcriptomics and metabolite profiling analysis of wheat thus building up basic knowledge upon which she will draw. 5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? As of 7/18/2007 our grant has not yet been activated so it is not possible to discuss how the award has been spent. However I will describe additional funding and activities related to this project. PI Diane Beckles has secured a National Science Foundation grant (activated July 2006) for this project in part because of the collaboration established by Nadia Bertin under the France Berkeley Fund. Under this NSF grant we have the money to pursue the transcriptional and metabolite profiling in a more comprehensive way, examining more lines and broadening the scope of the project to include C14 flux analysis into the model. This in one reason why the study is taking a longer time to complete. We also plan to apply to NSF for additional money to support travel of our community transfer student Kassidy Polk along with Kietsuda Luengwilai to INRA in 2008. Because we have demonstrated a high level of prebaccalaureate student activity in the project this has a high chance of success. Graduate student Kietsuda Luengwilai applied for and received a Shields Scholarship from the Plant Biology Graduate Group at UC Davis which she wrote to enhance the bioinformatics/data integration of this portion of this project. She received $3000, which will be used to consult with Researchers in the Bioinformatics Core Facility at UC Davis. This will allow her to fully extract the relevant data from the dataset and to work towards integrating the eco-phyisiological and molecular measurements a key goal of the FBF proposal. We will share all of our findings with the French group to assist them in their bioinformatics efforts. Undergraduate student Pamela Chacha applied for and received two Undergraduate Student Research Fellowships from UC Davis – Biological Undergraduate Student Program Summer Honors Research (BUSP- SHR ) and Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) which provides paid stipend for her to continue research on tomato carbohydrate biosynthesis as outlined by this and the NSF project. Pamela has helped to perform the eco-physiological measurements and is involved in the transcriptomic and metabolic profiling analysis. Pamela will present her work at the annual Undergraduate Research Conference here at Davis and also (if funding is received) at the Annual Biomedical Research Conference for Minority Students in Texas, November 2007.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

78

James Graham, Department of Astronomy, UC Berkeley Gaspard Duchêne, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique Observatoire de Grenoble Université Joseph Fourier Studying the properties of protoplanetary disks across wide ranges of stellar ages and masses.

Dear Executive Director, This is an interim report for our FBF-funded project entitled “Studying the propertiesof protoplanetary disks across wide ranges of stellar ages and masses”. The PIs for this project are Prof. James Graham in Berkeley, and Gaspard Duchˆene at Observatoire de Grenoble. Our project consists of combining the modeling expertise of our Grenoble group with the extensive datasets collected by our Berkeley group to study in detail the properties of circumstellar disks. We wish to focus on disks surrounding stars representing a wide range of masses, from a fraction of the mass of our Sun to twice its mass, as well a range of evolutionary status, from the youngest, unevolved protoplanetary disks to second generation debris disks. Besides the PIs, other Berkeley members include researcher Paul Kalas and graduate students Marshall Perrin (now a postdoctoral fellow at Berkeley) Michael Fitzgerald and Charles Hansen. In Grenoble, our team also includes researcher Fran¸cois M´enard and graduate student Christophe Pinte (now a postdoctoral fellow in Exeter, UK). The project formally started in October 2006. One of the first goals of the project was to export to Berkeley the Grenoble numerical code of radiative transfer in disks (this code computes the radiative equilibrium of dust grains which are heated by the central star and predicts all types of astronomical observables: images, spectra, polarization maps, ...). This was done remotely by C. Pinte on a fast computer accessible to the Berkeley group. In this way, it is now possible to run the same code in two sites, and therefore to split the computing effort, enhancing our overall efficiency. G. Duchene then traveled to Berkeley, where he stayed for about 10 weeks. During this trip, he worked with the Berkeley members in several directions, setting up the collaboration for the 1-year period of the FBF funding and beyond. Most importantly, several discussions with all members have allowed us to identify a few projects that can reasonably be conducted during the FBF funding period, focusing on objects for which the datasets are most extensive. As a first project, a couple of weeks of G. Duchˆene’s visit were devoted to running a battery of numerical simulations to reproduce a large dataset on a well-studied debris disk around a low-mass star (this project is led by M. Fitzger-ald). A satisfying solution has been found that agrees with previous analytical models and confirms that dust grains are highly porous, leading to a first common publication (Fitzgerald, Kalas, Duchˆene, Pinte & Graham, 2007, ApJ, in press). We further identified two projects that will be conducted during the FBF funding period. One of the projects focuses on a protoplanetary disk around an intermediate-mass star (leader: M. Perrin), whereas the other consists in obtaining good models for two new debris disks around Sun-like stars observed by P. Kalas (leader: C. Pinte). Finally, a new collaboration was initiated with researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. B. Macintosh and C. Marois have obtained the first images of two debris disks that G. Duchˆene will attempt to model. Asides from conducting science projects, G. Duchˆene also gave a public lecture in the IES lecture series.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

79

James Graham, Department of Astronomy, UC Berkeley Gaspard Duchêne, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique Observatoire de Grenoble Université Joseph Fourier Studying the properties of protoplanetary disks across wide ranges of stellar ages and masses.

During G. Duchene’s visit, C. Pinte visited Berkeley for two weeks in December. The specific goals of this visit were twofold. First, C. Pinte trained M. Perrin to the use of the Grenoble radiative transfer code, by introducing him to its basic principles and various input parameters and output files. M. Perrin is now able to run the code and analyze its results. Second, C. Pinte worked with M. Fitzgerald to understand a code the latter had written to calculate the emission properties of out-ofequilibrium grains, i.e., grains that are stochastically heated by ultraviolet photons. This type of grains, which are routinely detected in spectra and sometimes in direct images, are of high importance when considering stars that are more massive than the Sun. The objective was therefore to establish a knowledge transfer so as to incorporate directly the calculation of out-of- equilibrium grains in the Grenoble code, to make it more generic. During his visit, C. Pinte started including and debugging this new aspect and, since then, he has successfully tested and included it in the Grenoble code. This will be important in several of the projects described above (and in future projects). Finally, during his visit, C. Pinte also worked with C. Hansen to predict the scattering properties of dust grains in a grid of models and depending on the grain porosity. This was then used by C. Hansen in his analysis of polarimetric images he add obtained at UC-managed Lick Observatory. In the upcoming future, the next step in our FBF-funded project will be the joint visit of M. Perrin and C. Pinte in Grenoble for two weeks in April. During this visit, the projects led by M. Perrin and C. Pinte will be developed, taking advantage of extensive discussions with G. Duchˆene and F. M´enard. For the project led by M. Perrin, many simulations have already been run and they will be analyzed during this trip. For the project led by C. Pinte, we will define a set of simulations to run and run them. During this visit, M. Perrin will also present his work to the Grenoble laboratory as part of the colloquium series. The next milestones in our project will depend on the success and scheduling of submitted proposals for telescope time. If we are successful and if the observations are scheduled by the end of the Summer, one or two of our Berkeley members will travel to the Keck Observatory in Hawaii. To conduct the analysis of the dust content of a given disk, it is important to gather a wide dataset and not rely on a single image or spectrum, because many of the key parameters (such as maximum grain size and total disk mass) are degenerate when one considers observed images. Obtaining new data on some targets that we will study next year is therefore an important preparatory step towards the success of our longer term collaboration. The last few months of this project, in the Summer and Fall 2007, will be devoted to the writing of 2 to 3 different articles, depending on the success of the analysis conducted until then. If no observing run is scheduled before the end of our FBF funding period, then one member from our Berkeley group will travel to Grenoble to allow direct interaction during the final analysis stage. Beyond the period funded by FBF, the Berkeley-Grenoble collaboration on circumstellar disk is bound to grow even stronger in the near future. Starting in the Fall 2007, G. Duchene will take a leave (“d´etachement”) from his Grenoble position to come as a researcher in Berkeley for 3 years, to continue the fruitful collaboration with J.Graham. During this period, numerous exchange visits between Grenoble and Berkeley of graduate students and postdoctoral fellows will be planned. While no specific funding has been granted to this effect yet, we plan on asking for longer term funding sources, such as the 3-year CNRS-USA exchange program. Considering the already numerous results obtained thanks to our FBF funding, we are confident that our future requests for funding will be perceived as credible and scientifically worthwhile.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

80

James Graham, Department of Astronomy, UC Berkeley Gaspard Duchêne, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique Observatoire de Grenoble Université Joseph Fourier Studying the properties of protoplanetary disks across wide ranges of stellar ages and masses.

Of the $9000 we were granted, more than half has been spent so far. This includes $900 (airfare) for G. Duchene’s visit in Berkeley (which was partially funded by his home institution), $800 (airfare) plus $1200 (hotel) for C. Pinte’s visit in Berkeley, and $1800 (airfare) plus $900 (hotel; estimated) for M. Perrin’s visit in Grenoble. The remainder of the money will be used for the upcoming observing trip and publications fees in the Astrophysical Journal (some articles will be published in Astronomy & Astrophysics at no cost for our Grenoble group). Roughly midway through our FBF funding, we are very excited about the project and estimate that we are somewhat ahead of schedule thanks to the extended stay of G. Duchˆene this Fall. We have achieved all the goals we had established for the first six months. Some subprojects were even added, such as the inclusion of out-of-equilibrium grain physics in the Grenoble radiative transfer code. We look forward to the second half of this project, which will be oriented towards the analysis of datasets and batches of numerical models. One joint paper has already been published and we have identified up to 3 more joint articles than could be published before the end of the year. Beyond that, we have a clear plan for continuing this collaboration. We are very grateful to the France-Berkeley Fund for having allowed us to set it up. Sincerely, Gaspard Duchene Adjunct Astronomer

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

81

Martin Banks, Department of Vision Science, UC Berkeley Pascal Mamassian, Institut de Psychologie, Université Paris 5 Time Course of Adjustment in Picture Viewing.

Describe the work accomplished. Objects in pictures seen from a location other than the CoP should look distorted. But these distortions are rarely noticed, a phenomenon referred to as robustness of perspective (Kubovy, 1986). Attempts to understand the origins of this robustness have focused primarily on the perceived geometry of the depicted scene (e.g., Yang & Kubovy, 1999; Vishwanath et al., 2005). We used the money from the France-Berkeley Fund to further investigations of the robustness phenomenon. The work is a collaboration between Professors Martin Banks of the School of Optometry at UC Berkeley and Pascal Mamassian of the Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, CNRS & Université Paris. We accomplished three things with the France-Berkeley funds this year. First, Professors Banks and Mamassian discussed topics of mutual interest in the area of picture perception. They and their students considered a variety of potential research topics from which we created a shorter list of the most interesting and feasible projects. We settled upon the issue of robustness of perspective. Second, Professors Banks and Mamassian organized a workshop on picture perception in Berkeley. The workshop brought in 16 speakers from around the world. The speakers were perceptual psychologists, vision scientists, computer graphics engineers, photographers, painters, and an art critique. Funding for the meeting was provided from industry and UC Berkeley. We used the France-Berkeley fund to pay for the expenses of Professors Banks and Mamassian and their students. The meeting was a huge success that will lead to similar meetings being held every two years. The website for the meeting is: http://pics.in.art.sci.eng.googlepages.com/home. We will be publishing all of the presentations and discussion in a web-based book. Third, we began a research project and nearly completed it. The experiment involved the ability to perceive pictures when the viewing position differs from the correct position (the so-called center of projection, or CoP). We measured sensitivity to correct linear perspective in the following way. Images of cubes in two-point perspective were presented on a computer monitor. Each image was consistent with a cube with vertices of 90 deg when viewed from the CoP. But the same images seen from the actual viewpoint were consistent with objects whose front vertex was different from 90 deg. The observer’s task was to decide whether the front vertex subtends an angle larger or smaller than 90 deg. We manipulate the difference between the simulated CoP and the actual viewpoint, in depth and/or laterally, and used the data to determine the observer’s sensitivity to the difference. We then compared sensitivities across various conditions, including monocular and binocular viewing, single and multiple objects, and small and large objects. We predicted and found that sensitivity was best for binocularly viewed, large objects in the context of other objects. We will be continuing this line of research in the coming year with Professor Banks travelling to Paris to work on an experiment there. Names and ranks of participants Martin S. Banks, Professor of Optometry and Vision Science, UC Berkeley Pascal Mamassian, Senior Lecturer, Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, CNRS, Paris Ahna Girshick, Graduate Student in Vision Science, UC Berkeley David Hoffman, Graduate Student in Vision Science, UC Berkeley Amanda Alvarez, Graduate Student in Vision Science, UC Berkeley FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

82

Martin Banks, Department of Vision Science, UC Berkeley Pascal Mamassian, Institut de Psychologie, Université Paris 5 Time Course of Adjustment in Picture Viewing.

List all publications resulting from the project There are two publications that are currently being written up for publication in peer-reviewed journals. Both of them were presented at the European Conference for Visual Perception in August, 2007. Comment on the collaborative nature of the project All of the work conducted with the assistance of the France-Berkeley Fund was a collaborative effort between Professors Banks and Mamassian. We have settled on the issues that we believe are centrally important and have agreed to continue the collaborative work. Professor Banks intends to travel once to Paris next year and we are hopeful that Professor Mamassian will be able to travel once to Berkeley. Abbreviated accounting of how the money was spent We spent approximately $7500 of the $9000 award. We used roughly half of the money to pay for a meeting room, audiovisual equipment, and transportation for the Picture Perception meeting in March of 2007. The other half of the money was spent providing transport for Professor Mamassian’s visit to Berkeley (which was timed such that he could attend the Picture Perception meeting). We solicited and received outside funding for the Picture Perception meeting from the UC Berkeley School of Optometry, from Adobe Software, and from Canon USA. Since that time we have submitted a grant to the National Science Foundation to allow us to continue the research we began. Recommendations or feedback regarding the France-Berkeley Fund We have no negative comments about the fund and the organization that administers it. Unlike many funds, we found that there was refreshingly little paperwork and bureaucracy associated with using the fund, so we were able to focus on the research we wanted to do. Thanks for helping us.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

83

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

84

Final Reports 2006-2007

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

85

Ehud Isacoff, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, UC Berkeley Serge Charpak, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ESPCI/INSERM Paris, France Manipulation and Detection of Olfactory Functions.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. How do the molecular signals that control synapse formation and transmission strength condition the operation of neuronal circuits? This has been a hard problem to address because of the lack of methods to detect specific molecular signaling events other than voltage and bulk Ca++ and because of the lack of methodology for the direct manipulation of these signals. We propose to develop new methods of targeted molecular sensing and manipulation that enable precise biochemical analysis and control in living cells. The optical detection tools will make it possible to image neural activity and synaptic transmission in vivo, including the signals that trigger lasting changes in transmission strength. The optical manipulation tools will enable a previously unimagined molecular dissection of cellular events. We will use these tools to study sensory processing in the olfactory bulb (OB), the first mammalian brain station where olfactory stimuli are processed. More than a thousand different kinds of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the nasal epithelium, each expressing a single type of olfactory receptor (OR), send their axons to the OB. All OSNs expressing the same OR converge on two glomeruli in the OB, where they synapse onto two classes of projection neurons, the mitral (M) and tufted (T) cells and on several types of periglomerular (PG) cells. Some PG cells release transmitters that modulate release at OSN terminals and some make make symmetrical synaptic contact onto M/T dendrites. There is no clear demonstration of how glomerular pre-synaptic inhibition and feed-forward inhibition sculpts the pattern of activity evoked by an odor. Part of the difficulty has been the inability to detect or manipulate selectively electrical and synaptic activity in select cell types at the population level in vivo. We propose to develop optical probes for the detection and stimulation of specific molecular signaling events at the synapses of sensory cells onto M and PG cells and to selectively silence or activate these postsynaptic cells. We will use these probes in the OB to study fundamental steps in signal transfer at the level of single synaptic contacts during odor stimulation. Success of our proposal will advance the understanding of olfaction and provide novel general methods for the study of brain function. Interacting assemblies of proteins control the formation of synapses, neurotransmission, and the regulation of synaptic strength. A central goal of neuroscience is to understand how molecular signaling at individual synapses determines how neuronal circuits process information. Progress has been hindered by a lack of tools for the selective detection of synaptic signaling at specific connections and by the lack of means for the fast and reversible stimulation or suppression of specific molecular events. We propose new technological solutions for both targeted molecular sensing and manipulation that enable biochemical analysis in living cells. These optical tools will make it possible to image neural activity and synaptic transmission in vivo, including the signals that trigger lasting changes in transmission strength. A powerful set of tools for the optical manipulation of signaling will enable a previously unimagined molecular dissection to define the role of specific cells and signals in sensory processing. The collaborating labs are developing new probes for the optical detection and manipulation of neural signaling and a complementary optical system for in vivo imaging and optical stimulation. Molecular sensors will be made from signaling proteins coupled to either protein or chemical optical reporters. These will function to reveal Ca++ influx through NMDA receptors and mGluR-coupled IP3 receptors, both of which can trigger long-lasting changes in synaptic strength. Optical detection of signaling will be complemented by a powerful strategy for optical molecular manipulation. Photo-switched chemical gates will be site-specifically attached to excitatory and inhibitory metabotropic or ionotropic receptors and K+ channels in order to endow them with the ability to be reversibly switched on and off with different wavelengths of light in order to reversibly silence or activate specific cells or specific synaptic signals. FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

86

Ehud Isacoff, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, UC Berkeley Serge Charpak, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ESPCI/INSERM Paris, France Manipulation and Detection of Olfactory Functions.

A specialized microscope is being developed by Charpak for simultaneously imaging multiple sensors and for optical stimulation in vivo. The new sensor probes and light-gated channels made by Isacoff are being delivered to specific cells in the olfactory bulb and optical physiology will be carried out to address fundamental questions about olfactory processing. With the support of FBF, we have made progress on several fronts. Isacoff has advanced development of sensors of NMDAR activity and has shown that light-gated GluRs, which were developed last year, can be used to effectively control neuronal firing in response to light. Charpak has developed many of the necessary features on his in vivo 2-photon microscope to detect and manipulate activity. 2) Names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project. Participating on this project has been Stephanie Szobota, a Biophysics PhD student at Berkeley (Isacoff lab ) 3) Publications Three papers from Isacoff on the light-gated channels have been published: Volgraf, M., Gorostiza, P., Szobota, S., Helix, M.R., Isacoff, E.Y., Trauner, D. (2007). Reversibly Caged Glutamate: A Photochromic Agonist of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors. J Am Chem Soc. 129, 260-261. Szobota, S., Gorostiza, P., Del Bene, F., Wyart, C., Fortin, D.L., Kolstad, K., Tulyathan, O., Volgraf, M., Numano, R., Aaron, H., Scott, E.K., Kramer, R.H., Flannery, J., Baier, H., Trauner, D. and Isacoff, E.Y. (2007). Remote control of neuronal activity with a light-gated glutamate receptor. Neuron 45, 535-45. Gorostiza, P., Volgraf, M., Numano, R., Szobota, S., Trauner, D. and Isacoff, E.Y. (2007). Mechanisms of photoswitch conjugation and light activation of an ionotropic glutamate receptor. PNAS 104, 10865-70. 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? This has been a marvelous collaboration. Neither lab could have done the work on its own. The collaboration makes it possible to bridge molecular biophysics and chemistry (Isacoff) with whole animal in vivo physiology (Charpak). The FBF support helped launch the collaboration. The work will be continued with support that has recently been acquired from HFSP. 5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? The support from FBF was used for one short trip by Isacoff to Paris and for one trip by a postdoc of Charpak, Daniela Hirnet, to Berkeley for 2 months of research (funds were used for her flight and accommodations). We plan to solicit additional support, to supplement that obtained from HFSP, from several agencies, including the NIH. 6) Please give any recommendations or feedback you may have regarding the France-Berkeley Fund. The FBF has been very helpful to us, and we find that the get togethers both in the US and in Paris are very valuable. FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

87

Sergey Nuzhdin, Dept. of Evolution and Ecology, University of California at Davis Pierre Capy, Laboratoire Populations, Génétique et Evolution Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France Genomics of incipient speciation in Drosophila melanogaster.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. Our project aims to examine the genetic basis of incipient ecological speciation within the model system, Drosophila melanogaster. Two ecologically divergent forms of this species coexist in the city of Brazzaville, Congo and exhibit incipient levels of reproductive isolation. By scanning the genomes of the two forms for regions that remain differentiated despite gene flow, we expect to be able to locate areas under divergent natural selection – areas that code for the observed ecological and sexual differences. The incipient, and ecologically divergent forms were originally discovered by Pierre Capy’s laboratory in the 1980s. In our FBF application, we proposed to use fresh lines collected by the Capy laboratory between 2001 and 2002. We proposed to inbreed these lines, confirm that the phenotypic differences originally observed in the 1980s still exist, and then use an innovative new microarray technique to scan the genomes of the two forms for differentiated regions. We finished inbreeding 30 lines from each form in March of 2006. We then assayed a random sample of these lines for ethanol tolerance in the fall and winter of the same year – confirming that the two forms remain ecologically differentiated. This past spring we began the microarray protocol by extracting and quantifying DNA from 13 lines of each form. Unfortunately this DNA turned out to be contaminated with impurities that prevented accurate fragmentation - a necessary step in the microarray protocol. We are now in the process of reextracting DNA from additional inbred lines and will return to the fragmentation/hybridization protocol this fall. Once we have succeeded, it will remain to analyze and write up the data. We are approximately 9 months behind the original projected timeline, but still on target for completion 2 years post project initiation (project initiated in spring of 2006, expected completion in spring of 2008). 2) Give the names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project. Carolyn McBride Doctoral student, UC Davis (advised by Sergey Nuzhdin) Sergey Nuzhdin Professor, UC Davis Pierre Capy Professor, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Françoise Frey Research technician, CNRS (laboratory of Pierre Capy) Tom Turner Doctoral student, UC Davis (advised by Sergey Nuzhdin) 3) List all publications resulting from this project. Include journal titles and issues/dates. As the project is still in progress, we have not yet written up our results. Upon completion, however, we expect our work to result in an initial publication in a high-profile scientific journal (to be submitted by spring 2008). These initial results may then lead to follow-up research that takes a deeper look at regions of the genomes of the two populations that are differentiated and may be under divergent natural selection. 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? The Nuzhdin laboratory at UC Davis and the Capy laboratory at CNRS have differing and complimentary strengths. This has led to an excellent working relationship and the seamless division of labor and resources during the design and data collection phases of our project. FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

88

Sergey Nuzhdin, Dept. of Evolution and Ecology, University of California at Davis Pierre Capy, Laboratoire Populations, Génétique et Evolution Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France Genomics of incipient speciation in Drosophila melanogaster.

Data analysis and writing will undoubtedly require a more integrated effort with closer communication and exchange of ideas. We are excited about this next phase and believe that it will result in rich interactions between the two laboratories. Our results have the potential to lead to several interesting follow-up collaborations.

2000 Final Report 5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where?

We have already spent approximately $500 toward travel and accommodation during Pierre Capy’s visit to UC Davis (March 29-31, 2006), $1000 on phenotyping supplies, and $8000 on Affymetrix tiling arrays. Future expenses will include $2000 for processing the tiling arrays, and $500 for follow-up sequencing. Thus, we expect the total cost of the project to equal ~ $12000. The necessary supplemental funds will come from a UC Presidential Fellowship awarded to Sergey Nuzhdin. If our results stimulate follow-up research, we will likely solicit additional funding from other sources such as the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health. 6) Please give any recommendations or feedback you may have regarding the France-Berkeley Fund. It has been a pleasure communicating with the France-Berkeley Fund. We hope that you will continue to support collaborative research between researchers in France and California in the future.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

89

Barbara Romanowicz,Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, UC Berkeley Jean-Pierre Vilotte, Départ.de Sismologie Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, France Spectral Element Method implementation for regional tomography of the earth’s upper mantle.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. During this collaborative project, we have completed a regional version of the Spectral Element code (RegSEM.1), which was one of the main goals of the project and allows us to accurately model seismic wave propagation in an effort to construct regional 3D models of upper mantle structure. The regional SEM incorporates Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) boundary conditions on the lateral borders of the region, which effectively eliminate spurious reflections from the borders, and a non-conforming mesh. The topography of the earth’s crust/mantle boundary, the Moho, can be incorporated, as well as surface topography in the process of building the mesh. In particular, we are able to provide realistic velocity contrasts at the Moho discontinuity while introducing any 3D elastic mantle model. Second, anisotropy has been included (any anisotropic structure can be considered). This novel version of regional SEM has been fully optimized. The code has been tested against a well-documented normal mode code in the case of a 1D model. For illustration, we examine the effect of the Moho topography (CRUST2.0) on the synthetic waveforms computed in a 3D velocity model of south East Asia previously obtained at UC Berkeley using a normal-mode perturbation based technique (Figure 1a). In the normal mode approach, the Moho topography, which can be very large (from 5km in the ocean basins to over 50 km under some parts of continents), cannot be treated exactly and results in mapping some of the crustal structure erroneously into the mantle. Inclusion of the Moho topography can significantly change the fundamental Rayleigh waveforms in not only travel time but also amplitude. For the ray paths with significant oceanic portion (DAV), the shape of the waveform is also changed (Figure 1b). The use of the regional SEM code for seismic tomography is rather heavy computationally. On our 32-cpu Beowulf cluster, it takes one day to compute one seismic event. A typical tomographic waveform inversion requires 50-100 events. In order to address this issue and reduce the computational time, Capdeville et al. (2005) proposed an approach in which, rather than computing one event at a time, a group of events is selected, and their origin times are (artificially) aligned, so that a single SEM run is done for the “sum” of these events. The summed synthetics can then be compared to the sum of similarly aligned observed seismograms at each station. The challenge is then to find events that have been simultaneously observed at a sufficiently large number of stations. Figure 2 shows an example of such a computation for 9 events observed at 7 common stations in the region of study, compared to observed summed seismograms. In parallel to our efforts on the regional SEM code, we have been working on the construction of a preliminary 3D upper mantle shear velocity model for southeast Asia using a modified version of the Born single scattering approximation, which allows for multiple forward scattering. This model, which is also radially anisotropic shows some interesting, tectonically plausible features in both its isotropic and anisotropic parts(Figure 3) and will be used as a starting model for the regional SEM-based inversions that we are now starting with support from a grant from the Department of Energy.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

90

Barbara Romanowicz,Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, UC Berkeley Jean-Pierre Vilotte, Départ.de Sismologie Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, France Spectral Element Method implementation for regional tomography of the earth’s upper mantle.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

91

Barbara Romanowicz,Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, UC Berkeley Jean-Pierre Vilotte, Départ.de Sismologie Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, France Spectral Element Method implementation for regional tomography of the earth’s upper mantle.

References: Bassin, C., Laske, G.&Masters, G., 2000. The current limits of resolution for surface wave tomography in North America, in EOS, Trans. Am. geophys. Un., Vol. 81, p. F897, Fall Meet. Suppl.. Capdeville, Y., 2005. An efficient Born normal mode method to compute sensitivity kernels and synthetic seismograms in the earth, Geophys. J. Int., 163(2), 639–646. Capdeville, Y., Y. Gung and B. Romanowicz (2005) Towards global earth tomography using the spectral element method: a technique based on source stacking. Geophys. J. Inter., 162, 541-554. Panning, M., Y. Capdeville and B. Romanowicz (2007) Do Do first order 3D Born finite-frequency kernels improve modeling of surface waveforms? Submitted to Geophys. J. Inter. 2) Give the names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project. Professor Jean-Pierre Vilotte (IPG Paris) Professor Barbara Romanowicz (UC Berkeley) Dr Yann Capdeville (IPG Paris, charge de recherches, CNRS) Dr Aimin Cao (UC Berkeley, Post-doc) Mr Paul Cupillard (IPGP, graduate student) Dr Mark Panning (UC Berkeley Post-doc) Mr Ved Lekic (UCB, graduate student)

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

92

Barbara Romanowicz,Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, UC Berkeley. Jean-Pierre Vilotte, Départ.de Sismologie Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, France. Spectral Element Method implementation for regional tomography of the earth’s upper mantle.

3) List all publications resulting from this project. Include journal titles and issues/dates. Please include the addresses for all websites related to the project. *First, the FBF funding served towards Organizing a joint workshop between the Paris and UC Berkeley groups- this workshop was held in Paris, (IPGP), on January 8-10, 2007. The program of the Workshop is attached. * One manuscript is submitted for publication: Panning, M., Y. Capdeville and B. Romanowicz (2007), Do first order 3D Born finite-frequency kernels improve modeling of surface waveforms? Submitted to Geophys. J. Inter. * There have been several presentations at meetings: a - Fall’06 American Geophysical Union, December 06, San Francisco (M. Panning, F. Marone, A. Kim, Y. Capdeville, P. Cupillard, Y. Gung, B. Romanowicz) : Improvements in mode-based waveform modeling and application to Eurasian velocity structure 2 - Computational Geosciences Symposium (DOE office of BES) , May 3-4, 2007, Gaithersburg, MD, invited presentation by B. Romanowicz: “Towards regional tomography of South East Asia using the Spectral Element Method” 3 - 29th Monitoring Research Review, Denver, CO, Sept 25-27, 2007 (B. Romanowicz): “CALIBRATION OF 3D UPPER MANTLE STRUCTURE IN EURASIA USING REGIONAL AND TELESEISMIC FULL WAVEFORM SEISMIC DATA” 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? YES! Our French colleagues were able to obtain funding from CNRS, starting in 06-07, for 3 years for a PICS (Project International de Collaboration Scientifique) which will help fund travel between Paris and Berkeley – For example, we are planning another workshop in Berkeley in December 2007, in which we hope to have at least 10 participants from Paris. Paul Cupillard will also come to Berkeley as a post-doc starting in May 2008, to work on other applications of the developed SEM code. 5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? The France-Berkeley Fund was used in partial support of graduate student Ved Lekic, as well as for travel of Paul Cupillard and Yann Capdeville to Berkeley for a week, and travel of Barbara Romanowicz and Ved Lekic to Paris for the January 2007 workshop. 6) Please give any recommendations or feedback you may have regarding the France-Berkeley Fund. The FBF is a great way to help jump-start collaborations between teams in France and at Berkeley. We appreciate this opportunity very much.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

93

Neil Hunter, Center for Genetics and Development, Section of Microbiology, UC Davis Bernard de Massy, Institut de Génétique Humaine,UPR1142/CNRS, Montpellier, France The Crossing-Over pathway during Meiosis in Mouse.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. Our goal was to setup a collaborative project in order to gain insight into the regulation of meiotic crossingover in mice using immuno-cytological approaches. We have indeed succeeded in developing several experiments: -We have determined several features of the localization of the Zip3 protein by immunocytochemistry on mouse spermatocytes. The Zip3 protein is a novel protein, candidate for being involved in crossover control and identified in N. Hunter’s lab. Antibodies were raised in N. Hunter’s laboratory and immunocytochemistry performed in both N. Hunter and B. de Massy’s laboratory. April Reynolds, a PhD student from N. Hunter’s group visited de Massy’s lab for one month (September 15 2006 to October 14 2006), where she performed additional immunocytological experiments. In particular, the localization of the Zip3 protein in spermatocytes from Spo11-/- mice was determined. -We have also developed the technique to follow in parallel specific proteins and a specific DNA region by the combination of immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. At this point, we are able to localize in parallel our locus of interest, the Psmb9 locus, in parallel with Mlh1 and Sycp3 proteins. -We have also extended our collaborative project to the search for interacting proteins. K. Bouton, in de Massy’s lab has generated a cDNA library from testis from young mice (13 and 16 days old), in order to enrich for cells in meiotic prophase. This library, which is cloned into specific vectors for yeast two-hybrid screens, is currently being used in B. de Massy’s lab and is planed to be used in N. Hunter’s lab. -B. de Massy is visiting N. Hunter’s lab in August 2007 2) Give the names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project. De Massy’s lab: F. Baudat (junior scientist, CR2, CNRS) K. Bouton (PhD Student) C. Grey (post-doc) Hunter’s lab: A. Reynolds (PhD Student) J. Lao (technician) 3) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? The project has been extremely positive both in terms of intellectual discussions and experimental approaches. The current analysis of the Zip3 protein is extremely promising. As mentioned above on future impact of the project is the collaboration for the search of interacting proteins.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

94

Neil Hunter, Center for Genetics and Development, Section of Microbiology, UC Davis Bernard de Massy, Institut de Génétique Humaine,UPR1142/CNRS, Montpellier, France The Crossing-Over pathway during Meiosis in Mouse.

5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? Budget has been used for lab supplies, travel expenses for A. Reynolds and B. de Massy. An authorization to spend the grant until September 30th 2007 has been obtained. A full detailed report of the spending will be provided at this point. 6) Please give any recommendations or feedback you may have regarding the France-Berkeley Fund. The budget was sent to UC Davis. Because of administrative constrain (both from UC Davis and from CNRS), we found it very difficult to use the budget for expenses made in France. It would be an improvement to find a way to make the budget available to both parties.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

95

Robert Tjian, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, UC Berkeley Olivier Bensaude, CNRS UMR 8541-Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France Imaging of the Eukaryotic Transcription Machinery in Living Cells.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description During the 3.5 months that Dr. Tjian spent with Dr. Bensaude at the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris, frequent scientific discussions, seminars and lab research interactions led to the development of a unique long term scientific collaboration to address several critical aspects of the molecular mechanisms that complex organisms (i.e. mammals/ humans) have evolved to decode the genetic information carried by DNA in our chromosomes. It has become evident that aberrant gene transcription and expression underlies many of the most devastating diseases confronting modern human populations (i.e. cancer, diabetes, inflammation, heart disease, etc.). Although a great deal of progress has been made in dissecting the molecular apparatus governing gene regulation via in vitro biochemical approaches, there is still a great lack of knowledge on how this elaborate cellular machine assembles, operates and disassembles in the chromatin context of living cells and in real time. In order to address the challenging issue of the intra-cellular addresses of individual transcription factors and how these different multi-subunit molecular assemblies move and coalesce in response to various physiological signals (i.e. hormones) and environmental cues (i.e. heat, chemicals) new experimental strategies and technical approaches will be needed. In order to address these critically important questions, we have established a consortium that was initiated as a result of our work and discussions during the France Berkeley Fund supported sabbatical of Dr. Tjian in the lab of Dr. Bensaude and Darzacq. This new scientific consortium will include not only Drs. Tjian, Bensaude and Darzacq but also Professor Robert Singer of the Albert Einstein University as well as workers at the newly founded Janelia Farm Research Institute of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. This consortium will use many of the molecular reagents (i.e. gene clones, antibodies, cell lines, etc.) previously generated by the Tjian lab to probe the localization and dynamic movement of the core transcription machinery by the microscopy strategies developed by Bensaude, Darzacq and Singer. In particular, new methodologies have been established to determine kinetic parameters of RNA polymerase II while actively transcribing specific genes in live cells using photo-bleaching and photo activation of fluorescent molecules in combination with quantitative mathematical modeling tools. Ultimately, the development of these technologies should allow us to track individual RNA pol II molecules engaged at single transcription units in live cells in real time. This collaborative effort has already fostered more than a few new and continuing relationships. Not only have Drs. Tjian, Bensaude, Darzacq and Singer come together and put forth a combined proposal, Janelia Farms Single Cell Biochemistry Consortium, but also as a result of Dr. Tjian’s time spent in Paris, Bérénice Benayoun, a second-year Biology student at the Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) recently joined the Tjian lab in Berkeley to conduct research as an intern. As well, Dr. Benjamin Guglielmi a recent graduate of the Ph.D. program at the University of Paris XI will begin postdoctoral research in the Tjian Laboratory on May 1, 2006. He will be developing novel methods for measuring the formation of transcriptional complexes at the single cell level in live cells in real time as an active member of the newly formed consortium. Cell lines have been generated to investigate transcription factor recruitment on various promoters (HIV, CMV, tetracyclin responsive) in living cells. The dynamic of RNA polymerase II recruitment on these promoters is currently being investigated. Components of the positive transcription elongation factor (P-TEFb), HEXIM1, Cyclin T1 have been fused to several fluorescent proteins with various colours. Their diffusion caracteristics is currently being analyzed.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

96

Robert Tjian, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, UC Berkeley Olivier Bensaude, CNRS UMR 8541-Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France Imaging of the Eukaryotic Transcription Machinery in Living Cells.

2) Give the names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project. Robert Tjian, Ph.D. Professor Olivier Bensaude, Ph.D. Professor Xavier Darzacq, Ph.D. Postdoctoral Researcher Calra Inouye, Ph.D. Research Scientist Vera Ruda Post-doctoral fellow 3) List all publications resulting from this project. Include journal titles and issues/dates. Please include the addresses for all websites related to the project. Publications in Preparation 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? By combining the expertise of Dr. Tjian, Bensaude, Darzacq and Singer, this recently established consortium will be able to tackle new frontiers in single cell biochemistry to study the mechanisms of transcription in vivo. For example, Dr. Darzacq has already successfully set up a method to observe RNA synthesis in vivo applying mathematical modeling to extract kinetic information from live cell images acquired in real time and now we propose to use Dr. Tjian’s specialized molecular reagents to simultaneously track the recruitment, assembly and transport of both individual transcription factors as well as large transcription factor complexes such as TFIID, RNA polymerase II, TFIIH, CRSP/ Mediator etc. Although much of the microscopy will be carried out in Paris and Janelia Farms in Virginia, many of the reagents and molecular genetic manipulations and purification of antibodies will continue to be carried out at U.C. Berkeley. Biannual work meetings in Howard Hughes Janelia farms between the french team and Prs Robert Singer and Robert Tjian. 5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? Travel by Dr. Tjian Supplies and Expenses for Lab Work

$5168.04 $2831.96

Total

$8000.00 US

The France-Berkeley Fund award was spent to foster collaboration between the Bensaude/Darzacq team at Ecole Normale Supérieure and Professor Robert Tjian at Berkeley. Professor Tjian spent three months at Ecole Normale Supérieure in the fall of 2005. Regular contacts are being maintained with the support of the Howard Hughes Janelia Farms.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

97

Costas Grigoropoulos, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley Jean-Jacques Greffet, EM2C Laboratory, Ecole Centrale Paris, Châtenay Malabry, France Nanoscale Heat Transfer: Understanding heat transfer between a nanoscale tip and a substrate.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. The main goal of the collaboration was to use the expertise of the french team on electromagnetism and the expertise of the american team on heat transfer and fabrication to develop an accurate tool for modelling laser absorption processing. The first step of the initial program was to implement a FDTD code to model the absorption of a laser beam in a nanostructure. The second step was to use this source term in a code to derive the temperature field in a metallic film. The first part of the program has been carried out in France. The second part of the program has been carried out in Berkeley during the stay of Yann Chalopin and the visit of Prof. Greffet during summer 2006. Tose were Tasks 1 to 3 of the program submitted. Task 4 ( experiments related to the study) has not been done. Instead, a modelling of melting of a particle using molecular dynamics coupled to the absorption has been carried out. 2) Give the names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project. Costas Grigoropoulos (professor) , Heng Pan (PhD student), Jean-Jacques Greffet (professor), Sebastian Volz (Senior research fellow), Yann Chalopin (master student) 3) List all publications resulting from this project. Include journal titles and issues/dates. Please include the addresses for all websites related to the project. Yann Chalopin's master thesis. We have not published the results in any jounal so far. 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? The stay of Yann Chalopin in Berkeley for six months was very useful in creating a collaborative atmosphere. We plan to apply to US NSF and EU grants on the fundamental modeling of the ultrafast laser-tip-target interaction and the experimental probing via utilizing temporally shaped pulses. 5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? Yann Chalopin's stay in Berkeley : 7 k$ JJ Greffet stay : 1 k$ 6) Please give any recommendations or feedback you may have regarding the France-Berkeley Fund. The fund was very useful to initiate a collaboration.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

98

Costas Grigoropoulos, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley Jean-Jacques Greffet, EM2C Laboratory, Ecole Centrale Paris, Châtenay Malabry, France Nanoscale Heat Transfer: Understanding heat transfer between a nanoscale tip and a substrate.

Pulse laser heating of nanoparticles : Evolution of temperature distribution with FDTD calculated energy source term. Yann CHALOPIN Abstract This short report describes the theoretical approach used to calculate the temporal distribution of temperature of metallic samples illuminated by sub-picosecond laser pulses. The heat transfer mechanisms are discussed in the framework of the the two temperatures model. This model is used to couple the temperature evolution of the lattice with the electrons temperature. The heating source term inserted in the coupled partial differential equations is derived from Finite Difference Time Domain(FDTD) numerical simulations of Maxwell equations. The system we study consists of a metallic nanoparticle. We have also considered metal-coated AFM tip coupled in near-field to a gold or silver substrate. 1 Introduction. Irradiation of metals with ultra-short laser pulses leads to a disturbance of the free-electron gas out of thermal equilibrium : laser heating of metals involves then three steps characterized by two different time-scales. The electromagnetic energy is first absorbed by electrons (intraband and interband absorption: electron-photon interaction). It takes a few femtoseconds for electrons to restore the Fermi distribution through electron-electron coupling. This characteristic time scale is called the electron relaxation time. The second stage is the energy transfer to the lattice through electronphonon interactions (typically, on the order of a few ps). This second characteristic time is called the thermalization time. After this time, the thermal energy diffuses in the host media containing the nanoparticles. During slow heating processes, deposition of radiation energy is assumed to be instantaneous. Propagation of the thermal energy is then correctly modeled by the well-known Fourier conduction model. For short pulses laser heating, in spite of the nonequilibrium distribution function of the electron gas, the energy transfer between the electrons and the lattice can be described by the two temperatures model (TTM). This more general model is used to include the coupling between electrons and lattice. Depending on the laser heating time and characteristics time mentioned above hyperbolic two step model is to be derived for different regimes of radiation. 2 Laser heating of metal nano-particle In this section, we adress the issue of the melting of nanoparticles. As the absorption of the laser pulse increases, more energy is transfered from the electrons to the lattice. The question is to determine the onset of melting. To this aim, we use a molecular dynamics simulation. The TTM is used to derive the energy in the lattice. The result of the MD model than indicates if the crystaline structure is broken. We present numerical simulations for laser induced melting of a silver nanoparticle. The simulation is based on a coupling between a FDTD simulation that calculates the transient absorption of a metallic nanoparticle illuminated by a 532nm-50fs laser pulse and a MD simulation that renders the thermal velocity of 30 000 atoms submitted to the Glue model.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

99

Costas Grigoropoulos, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley Jean-Jacques Greffet, EM2C Laboratory, Ecole Centrale Paris, Châtenay Malabry, France Nanoscale Heat Transfer: Understanding heat transfer between a nanoscale tip and a substrate.

2.1 FDTD simulation of a 10nm Ag particle illuminated by a 50fs-532nm laser pulse Numerical simulations of the transient absorption has been performed by assuming the absorption rate in steady state. The following figures present the energy absorption calculation, near-field profile and intensity profile of the 10nm silver particle. We first performed a FDTD simulation for a 10 nm silver nanoparticle illuminated with a 532nm plane wave. The pulse duration has been set to 50fs. We recorded the absorbed energy every 2fs to check to steady state. As soon as the steady state is reached, we can access to the rate of absorption. 2.2 FDTD-MD connection To make the connection between the FDTD results and the MD simulation, we need to make some simplifying assumptions : 1. Energy absorption and distribution is supposed to be instantaneous : We just consider the rate of absorption integrated over the entire volume of the nanoparticle as the source term. 2. Due to the size of the particle, energy absorption is supposed to be uniform. We wrote a module integrated into the MD an integration scheme that solved the differential coupled system governing the evolution of the temperature distribution of the particle :

2.3 MD simulation The molecular dynamics simulation employed here is based on the glue potential (Ercolessi et al., 1988) :

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

100

Costas Grigoropoulos, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley Jean-Jacques Greffet, EM2C Laboratory, Ecole Centrale Paris, Châtenay Malabry, France Nanoscale Heat Transfer: Understanding heat transfer between a nanoscale tip and a substrate.

where rij is the distance between two atoms, (rij) is the standard two body potential, U(ni) is the energy associated with the coordination ni. It can be interpreted as the electronic density. These functions are reconstructed empirically to reproduce the experimental values of metals. The expression and details on these functions can be found in the above mentioned paper. Basically in this simulation, we considered the lattice temperature evolution being dependent on the energy transfer rate between the thermalized electrons and the vibrational modes of the lattice.The FDTD calculated source term and the TTM solver presented above are used to calculate this rate of energy transfer. For each atoms i, we have the following equation given by the energy conservation :

By solving this equation for each atom, we derive the velocities distribution. We can then obtain the lattice temperature. This temperature is then inserted as a feedback in the TTM integration scheme. 2.4 Results MD and FDTD simulations are presented here. The following table presents the FDTD calculated transient absorption in 50fs laser pulse: colored by absorbed power per unit volume.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

101

Costas Grigoropoulos, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley Jean-Jacques Greffet, EM2C Laboratory, Ecole Centrale Paris, Châtenay Malabry, France Nanoscale Heat Transfer: Understanding heat transfer between a nanoscale tip and a substrate.

The snap shots obtained with the

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

102

Costas Grigoropoulos, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley Jean-Jacques Greffet, EM2C Laboratory, Ecole Centrale Paris, Châtenay Malabry, France Nanoscale Heat Transfer: Understanding heat transfer between a nanoscale tip and a substrate.

3 Conclusion We have developped a new theoretical tool to study the thermal behaviour of nanoparticles under intense laser pulses. The absorption of laser energy is modelled in time domain accouting for dispersion properties of the particles using a FDTD code. This serves as an input for the thermal modelling. At short time scales, we use the two temperature model to account for the heat transfer between the electrons and the lattice. This second step allows to derive the enrgy in the lattice. Finally, a molecular dynamics simulation allows to study the cristalline structure of the particle. This final step allows to detect the melting without invoking thermodynamics criteria. A more detailed report is available on request.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

103

Peter Bickel, Department of Statistics, UC Berkeley Alexandre Tsybakov,Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires, Université Paris 6, CNRS UMR 7599, Paris, France How can Prediction be Possible When Data are High Dimensional?

1. Describe the work accomplished: As the interim report described the work followed the initial description quite reasonably. Some of the projects described, in particular mirror averaging was not pursued but the boosting proposal was, resulting in a paper to be submitted shortly by Bickel and Tsybakov, jointly with Y. Ritov, a statistics professor at Hebrew University Jerusalem. Further collaboration based in part on a discussion of a paper of Kolchinskii by Tsybakov and one of a paper of Candes and Tao by Bickel has resulted in another paper by Bickel, Ritov and Tsybakov to be submitted shortly. The visit of one of the 2 funded graduate students, Rigollet, had immediate benefits as noted in the interim report. 2. The names and ranks of the participants were: P. Bickel, Professor Statistics University of California Berkeley A. Tsybakov, Professor Mathematics University of Paris VI G. Lecue, Student of Tsybakov at the time, now Ph.D. University of Paris VI P. Rigollet, student of Tsybakov at the time, now Post Doctoral Fellow Mathematics, Georgia Tech. B. Li, student of Bickel at the time, now Assistant Professor Tsing-Hua University, School of Business Beijing, China. 3. Publications Tsybakov A.B. Discussion of ``Local Rademacher complexities and oracle inequalities in risk minimization", 2004 IMS Medallion Lecture of V.Koltchinskii. Annals of Statistics, v.34, n.6, 2681-2687 (2006). Bickel, P.J. and Li, Bo. (2006) Regularization in Statistics (with discussion) Test 15, 111-182. P. Rigollet (2006) Generalization error bounds in semi-supervised classification under the cluster assumption. Journal of Machine learning Research. 8(Jul):1369–1392,2007. 4. Comment on the collaborative nature of this project. The results speak for themselves in view of the continuing collaboration between Bickel and Tsybakov. 5.Final Accounting. Amount awarded - $8,000. Travel for Lecue - $3,000 Travel for Rigollet - $5,000 This project was also supported by the Miller Foundation and the National Science Foundation grant number DMS0104075.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

104

Peter Bickel, Department of Statistics, UC Berkeley Alexandre Tsybakov,Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires, Université Paris 6, CNRS UMR 7599, Paris, France How can Prediction be Possible When Data are High Dimensional?

6. Recommendations or feedback: We found the help very valuable. It primarily supported graduate students. The project was also supported by a Miller Professorship for Tsybakov. A recommendation I would make is to reduce reporting requirements such as this. Perhaps eliminate intermediate reporting. The Miller Foundation, for example, is not so exigent. Report on the activity in the framework of France-Berkeley Fund: February 6 - April 15, 2006 Dates of the visit. Guillaume Lecu e: February 6 - March 4, 2006, Alexandre Tsybakov: February 10 - April 10, 2006 (sponsored by the Miller Institute), Philippe Rigollet: March 2 May 1, 2006. Guillaume Lecuue has been working on the problem of adaptive classiˇcation. For an aggregation procedure with exponential weights, he proved an oracle inequality under the margin assumption. He showed that the remainder term of this oracle inequality yields optimal rate of aggregation under the margin assumption. He then used this result to construct classiˇers which are adaptive both to the margin and complexity parameters of the problem. He also started to work on aggregation of classiˇers when the underlying regression function is described by a single-index model. He gave two talks entitled 'Optimal oracle inequality for aggregation under the margin assumption', in the working group for students of Prof. Bin Yu (Department of Statistics) and in the working group for students of Prof. Peter Bartlett (Department of Computer Science). Philippe Rigollet has been working on the problem of semi-supervised classiˇcation. He gave a mathematical formulation for the cluster assumption and proved generalization error bounds that emphasize the role of unlabeled data. Meeting Berkeley researchers and especially Prof. Peter Bartlett was decisive in the conclusion of this paper. It is now on the ArXiv server and submitted to a journal. He gave a talk in the working group for students of Prof. Peter Bartlett (Department of Computer Science) on this subject. Alexandre Tsybakov worked on the construction and study of aggregation procedures in statistical estimation. Given a collection of di”erent estimators, the problem of aggregation is to ˇnd a new estimator, called aggregate, which is nearly as good as the best among them or as their best convex combination, with respect to a given risk criterion. A particular aggregate is deˇned by mixing of the initial estimators with data-dependent weights which are computed by a simple recursive procedure called the mirror averaging algorithm. I proved that the mirror averaging aggregate satisˇes sharp oracle inequalities under some general assumptions. They improve in several cases inequalities known for batch methods and apply under weaker conditions, because they are not based on the techniques of empirical processes. The results allow one to construct in an easy way on-line sharp adaptive nonparametric estimators for several problems including regression, classiˇcation and density estimation. This is a joint work with Philippe Rigollet. Alexandre Tsybakov gave two lectures:"Aggregation by mirror averaging" at the seminar of the Department of Statistics (March 7, 2006) and "Fast rates for plug-in classiˇers" at the seminar of the Department of Computer Science (March 16, 2006),as well as the talk "Nonparametric Curve Estimation" for the members of the Miller Institute (March 28, 2006). FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

105

Peter Bickel, Department of Statistics, UC Berkeley. Alexandre Tsybakov,Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires, Université Paris 6, CNRS UMR 7599, Paris, France How can Prediction be Possible When Data are High Dimensional?

The visit of Alexandre Tsybakov, Gillaume Lecu e, Philippe Rigollet resulted in several new research projects between the French team and the UC Berkeley team, including UC Berkeley PhD students. The main project involves Peter Bickel, his PhD student Bo Li, Alexandre Tsybakov and Philippe Rigollet. We investigated the problem of choosing signiˇcant predictor variables in nonparametric regression when the dimension of the data is high and can be much larger than the sample size. Two approaches to the problem have been suggested. Both of them exploit the idea of testing the signiˇcance of predictor variables one by one and discarding the rejected variables. One of these approaches is to construct tests based on some integral functionals of the regression function, such as the integral of the partial derivative, the second one uses distance functionals between the joint density of the response and a predictor and the product of their marginal densities. This research is actually in progress. It is accompanied by a work on statistical properties of local LASSO procedures which can be considered as a building block of the construction. In March Peter Bickel and Bo Li have written an invited paper on statistical regularization techniques for the journal TEST and Alexandre Tsybakov is acting as a discussant of the paper. Another joint project started in this period involves Bin Yu, her PhD student Peng Zhao, Alexandre Tsybakov and Philippe Rigollet. This work considers a continuous version of the mirror averaging algorithm in application to the choice of smoothing parameter in LASSO type procedures. Finally, the third new project involves Peter Bartlett and Alexandre Tsybakov. Its aim is to prove fast rates for boosting and support vector machine type classiˇers. During subsequent correspondence between Bickel, Tsybakov, Li and Rigollet, a somewhat di”erent approach surfaced and will also be pursued. In Bickel, Ritov, Zakai (2006), the following proposal was made for regularizing L2 boosting in estimation of m(x) = IE(Y jX = x); x 2 IRp using sample (X1; Y1); : : : ; (Xn; Yn). The approach was shown to yield oracle inequalities which give minimax bounds for sets of functions m(´) whenever the oracle is able to achieve minimax rates of order slower that log n/n. The method is to decompose the space of boosting directions H into:

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

106

Peter Bickel, Department of Statistics, UC Berkeley Alexandre Tsybakov,Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires, Université Paris 6, CNRS UMR 7599, Paris, France How can Prediction be Possible When Data are High Dimensional?

Bickel et al. (2006) showed that stopping boosting on Hk when the improvement of the L2 risk is of order smaller than n..1 yields asymptotically equivalent results as carrying boosting to the limit. The procedure is then to boost ˇrst for H1 until the gain is of order smaller than n..1, then on H2, starting at the endpoint of H1, etc . . . and ending at HKn. The resulting Kn estimates ^mk on each Hk, k = 1; : : : ;Kn are then compared in L2 performances on a test sample of size log n and the best is chosen using empirical risk minimization. The advantage of early stopping over carrying the boosting steps to the limit is that fewer steps need to be taken. Moreover it is clear that since O(n..1) is the best one can hope to do in the L2 case, using cn..1 as a point at which to stop seems natural. Note that in moving from Hk to Hk+1, it may well be that the ˇrst step makes an improvement of less than n..1 in which case, we can stop immediately at that k. The results are predicated on a space of directions H such that the true regression function m(´) is in the closure of the linear span of H. Using smoothing spline as the base learner, B•uhlmann and Yu (2003) have shown that nonparametric regression (and classiˇcation) with L2 boosting achieves the optimal rate on usual Sobolev spaces. Nevertheless, what we pursue is a procedure which achieves the following comprehensive adaptiveness: (a) Latent slimmer structure of the regression function { Semiparametric features of the regression function: irrelevance of part of the candidate predictors, additivity, parametric indices, etc { Smoothness of the nonparametric components in the regression function (b) Coarser structure of the feature space: the predictor vector is supported (or nearly) by an intrinsic low dimensional manifold. Then we want the performance of our procedure to be governed by the worst nonparametric component. We intend to consider Hk;r;s = fTensor products of r wavelets of smoothness s on scale 2..kg and proceed hierarchically as above. If we take jHKn;rn;snj ! +1 slowly enough, it appears plausible that the resulting procedure will be adaptively optimal for arbitrary high smoothness s and arbitrary complexity r. We also want to investigate the construction and implementation of similar procedures based on the mirror averaging algorithm proposed in Juditsky, Rigollet and Tsybakov (2006) which would permit online implementation of such adaptive procedures. References [1] P. J. Bickel, Y. Ritov, and A. Zakai. (2006). Some theory for generalized boosting algorithms. Journal of Machine Learning Research. To appear. [2] Peter B•uhlmann and Bin Yu. (2003). Boosting with L2 loss: regression and classiˇcation. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 324|339. Vol 98. No. 462. 2003. [3] A. Juditsky, P. Rigollet and A. Tsybakov. (2006). Learning by mirror averaging. Available at http://hal.ccsd.cnrs.fr/ccsd-00014097. Submitted.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

107

Paulo Monteiro, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UC Berkeley. Olivier Coussy, Institut Navier, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, Marne-la-Vallée, France. Minimization of the Stresses Generated by Ice Formation in Concrete.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. As proposed, we developed an unsaturated poroelasticity theory that provides new perspectives on the computation of stresses and strains during the freezing of concrete. The formulation includes the deformation of all the concrete phases during the freezing process. Special attention was given to the influence of entrained air-voids on the frost resistance of the porous material. The analysis indicates that the air voids inside the cement paste matrix act both as expansion reservoirs and efficient cryo-pumps whose respective effects are quantitatively assessed. The theory also allows for the estimation of the critical spacing factor. Numerical simulations are conducted to study the effect of pore size distribution on the critical spacing factor and on the internal pressurization within the porous material as it freezes. During the research process, we also developed new techniques to observe ice propagation in the mortar and high imaging of frozen paste by using micro-tomography at the Advanced Light Source. 2) Give the names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project. Cruz Carlos, PhD student, UC Berkeley Sejung Rosie Chae, PhD student, UC Berkeley Paulo J. M. Monteiro, Professor, UC Berkeley Olivier Coussy, Director, Institut Navier, Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées, France. Antonin Fabbri, PhD student, Ecole des Ponts Teddy Fen-Chong (Research Assistant), Ecole des Ponts 3) List all publications resulting from this project. Include journal titles and issues/dates. Please include the addresses for all websites related to the project. Olivier Coussy and Paulo J.M. Monteiro, Poroelastic model for concrete exposed to freezing temperatures, Cement and Concrete Journal, (in press) 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? The relationship with the French researchers was superb. After the Berkeley-France project ended, I was invited to give a series of lectures in Ecole de Ponts in Paris and in Lyon through the Lafarge Chair given to the Ecole de Ponts/Ecole Polytechnique. I was also invited to participate as an outside member to the PhD defense of Mr. Fabbri. Next year, I will host a workshop at Berkeley for about 40 scientists from France.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

108

Paulo Monteiro, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UC Berkeley Olivier Coussy, Institut Navier, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, Marne-la-Vallée, France Minimization of the Stresses Generated by Ice Formation in Concrete.

5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? The money was spent for traveling to Paris (Monteiro, Carlos, Cheng) and to Berkeley (Coussy) for 1-2 weeks. The future workshop in Berkeley will be sponsored by the Lafarge Chair. 6) Please give any recommendations or feedback you may have regarding the France-Berkeley Fund. No recommendations – just my appreciation for the opportunity to establish such fruitful relationship.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

109

Jonathan Beecher, Department of History, University of California, Santa Cruz Jean-Claude Zancarini, ENS Lettres & Sciences Humaines, Lyon, France The Reception of Social Theories in the 19th Century in France and the United States.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. We accomplished pretty much everything we set out to do: visits of Frobert and Mercklé to UC Santa Cruz (January and June 2006), my visit as “chercheur invité” to ENS LSH Lyon (April 2006), organization of two “Journées d’études,” one at Lyon in April 2006 and one at UCSC in June 2006. All of this is spelled out in detail in my report of August 14, 2006. (Actually I assumed that was the final report.) 2) Give the names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project. The main participants were: Pierre Mercklé, maître de conférences en sociologie ENS LSH Lyon; Ludovic Frobert, directeur d'études CNRS (ENS-LSH, UMR Triangle); and Jonathan Beecher, Professor of History UCSC. Other participants included Bernard Desmars, maître de conférences en histoire Université de Metz, Michel Bozon, directeur de recher che à l'INED, Jean-Claude Zancarini, professeur à l'ENS-LSH; Bernard Lahire, professeur de sociologie à l'ENS-LSH; Mary Pickering, Professor of History SJSU; Naomi Andrews, Assistant Professor of History, University of Santa Clara; Carl Guarneri, Professor of History, St. Mary's College, Moraga, California, and others. 3) List all publications resulting from this project. Include journal titles and issues/dates. Please include the addresses for all websites related to the project Publication in book form is still to come. But one use of the funds was to create a magnificent website (charlesfourier.com) for our Association d’études fouriéristes. On this website you can find a detailed account of our “Journée d’études” at Lyon and also the text of a lecture which I gave during my stay at Lyon, “Deux conceptions de l’utopie.” 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? I commented extensively about the collaborative nature of the project in my report of August 14, 2006. Mercklé, Frobert and I regard this project as only the beginning of a larger and continuing collaboration between the Ecole Normale Supérieure Lettres et Sciences Humaines and the University of California at Santa Cruz. My colleague here, Professor of History Mark Traugott, has now joined our group and is planning to spend time as a “chercheur invité” at the ENS LSH in the future. I returned to Lyon just a few weeks ago to participate in a conference organized by Ludovic Frobert on the journal of the 19th-century Lyon silkweavers, “L’Echo de la fabrique.” My paper on “Le fouriérisme des canuts” (which will appear in the conference volume) was a direct outgrowth of my work with Frobert in 2006. I will be seeing and working with Frobert and Mercklé soon again, because they will be coming to Stanford in March 2008 on a Gimon Fund grant to work with papers in the Gimon Collection on French Political Economy at the Stanford University Library.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

110

Jonathan Beecher, Department of History, University of California, Santa Cruz Jean-Claude Zancarini, ENS Lettres & Sciences Humaines, Lyon, France The Reception of Social Theories in the 19th Century in France and the United States.

Thus the France-Berkeley Fund grant has already been crucial in fostering a relationship between the ENS LSH and UCSC, and it has clearly enriched my scholarly life as well as that of my French colleagues. 5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? We supplemented the grant from the France-Berkeley Fund with additional grants from the ENS and from the History Department here at UCSC. of the roughly $8000 we received from the FBF about $2000 went to cover the expenses of each of the three major participants, Mercklé, Frobert and Beecher. About $1000 went to cover the costs of the creation of Fourierist website (charlesfourier.com), and another $1000 went to cover the cost of organizing the “journée d’études” here at UCSC. Yes, we do envisage soliciting additional funding for further projects. We may indeed come back to the France-Berkeley Fund with another proposal. More immediately, I encouraged Mercklé and Frobert to apply for the Gimon grant that I mention above. Their application was successful, and their research trip to Stanford this coming March will be funded by the $5000 award that they received. 6) Please give any recommendations or feedback you may have regarding the France-Berkeley Fund. I would urge the directors of the France-Berkeley Fund to make every effort to solicit applications from scholars in the Humanities. Funding possibilities in the Humanities are limited, and I know that there are many areas in which collaboration between French and American scholars in History (and I’m sure in other fields as well) could be enormously fruitful. I would also urge an increase in the funds made available to scholars in all fields. Finally, let me request that those of you who read this also take a look at the report I submitted in August 2006. As I say above, I assumed that was in fact my final report, and in it I attempted to address as thoughtfully as I could many of the questions that you pose here.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

111

Pamela Ronald, Department of Plany Pathology, UC Davis Valerie Verdier, Institut de la Recherche pour le Development, Universite de Perpignan, France Characterization of rice T-DNA mutants for their reaction to bacterial blight disease using genome expression profiling.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. Bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is one of the major diseases of rice causing significant yield loss in most rice-growing countries. We have taken advantage of the availability of Xoo and rice oligoarrays developed at UC Davis to dissect the rice defense response to bacterial blight disease. During the project period the Ronald lab optimized both the Xoo and rice arrays. The Verdier lab optimized the recovering of bacteria from the plant, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis. 2) Give the names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project. Mauricio Soto grad student S. W Han, grad student 3) List all publications resulting from this project. Include journal titles and issues/dates. Please include the addresses for all websites related to the project. Oligonucleotide array for studies of two different Xathomonas oryzae transcriptomes under different condition media. In prep 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? The project was conducted in collaboration between IRD (UMR CNRS/Université of Perpignan , France) and the University of California Davis. IRD and the University of California Davis students collaborated on this project. Mauricio Soti and Verdier will travel to Davis to acquire abilities to construct, hybridize and analyze the oligoarrays. Ronald and Verdier will continue to collaborate. Verdier will visit the lab in 2008 to carry out additional joint studies aimed at identifying Xoo genes differentially expressed in rice. 5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? We spent the funds on array validation. We have solicited additional funding from the USDA genomics of agriculturally important organisms program, but unfortunately the proposal was declined. We will resubmit this proposal.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

112

Nilabh Shastri, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley Philippe Pierre, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée Cryptic translation in dendritic cells.

1)Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description Background The Shastri’s laboratory has demonstrated the existence of a constitutive display of cryptic translation products (peptides generated from proteins which initiate their translation in abnormal context) by MHC class I molecules. A bicistronic transgenic construct expressed under a MHC class I promotor allows the wide tissue expression of two peptides derived from the Uty gene (WI9) and the H60 gene (LYL8) in a transgenic mice. The LYL8 peptide is localized in the untranslatable region downstream of a stop codon with a CUG as its initiation codon. A cryptic translation of this peptide occurs through a previously unknown mechanism that decodes the CUG initiation codons as leucine rather than methionine outside of the normal open reading frames. Interestingly Both the normal (WI9) and the cryptic peptide (LYL8) were subsequently shown to be presented by MHC class I in different mature wild type mouse dendritic cells using specific cytotoxic T cell clones and cell lysis assay. Dendritic cells play a crucial role in the initiation and the control of the immune response due to their unique capacity for presenting antigens to naive T lymphocytes. Our aim was therefore to follow on this finding and determine the fate of cryptic translation during the pathogen-mediated maturation of dendritic cells, with the hypothesis that maturation could increase the rate of translation initiation at alternative start codons. Results First, we have investigated the fate of known proteins, which can be translated through cryptic initiation. We have focused on the protein BAG-1, an HSP70 associated molecule, which has been shown to be translated after initiation at an alternative CUG codon, giving raise to its largest isoform (BAG-p50).

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

113

Nilabh Shastri, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley Philippe Pierre, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée Cryptic translation in dendritic cells.

Interestingly, BAG-p50 (like HSP70) accumulates in maturing DCs at the later stages of maturation, indicating that indeed cryptic translation is increased with DC maturation (see figure 1). Once our hypothesis proven to be true, our next aim was to determine if, the presentation of the cryptic peptide LYL8 and other endogenous peptides is controlled during DC maturation. This effort was influenced by our demonstration that protein synthesis is heavily regulated during LPS induced DC maturation with phases of enhancement and strong reduction at later stages. Translation control is tightly coordinated with the state of DC activation and can act independently of transcription regulation (Fig 2). LPS-stimulated bone marrow-derived DCs, first undergo a phase of rapid upregulation of protein synthesis, which is dependent on the PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway. At later stages of maturation eIF2-? phosphorylation, together with an increased degradation of eIF4GI and the eIF4GI-like factor DAP5, are correlated with the inhibition of cap-dependent translation and the preferential translation of several IRES-containing mRNAs. eIF4G proteolysis is partially mediated by the proteasome as indicated by the effect of MG132 and on mature DC apoptosis and not immature DCs. Thus, translation regulation is required for proper DC function and survival during maturation (Lelouard/Schmidt et JCB in press).

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

114

Nilabh Shastri, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley Philippe Pierre, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée Cryptic translation in dendritic cells.

Translation variation and inhibition at late stage of maturation influence directly antigen processing (Figure 3). During DC maturation the origin of antigen changes from neosynthesized to pre-existing origin, which renders cryptic epitope presentation analysis more difficult to interpret than expected. However using T cell clones of different specificity generated by the Shastri’s lab, we could show that cryptic translation is clearly at work in DCs. We now try to link the global effect of translation inhibition on MHC I presentation and with the more subtile fate of cryptic peptides. 2) Give the names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project. Philippe Pierre, group leader Nilabh Shastri, Professor Till Wenger Post-doctoral fellow Yongkai Ow, graduate student 3) List all publications resulting from this project. Include journal titles and issues/dates. Please include the addresses for all websites related to the project. Regulation of translation is required for dendritic cell function and survival during activation. Lelouard, H., Schmidt, E. K., Camosseto, V., Clavarino, G., Ceppi, M., Hsu, H-T. and Pierre, P. (2007). J. Cell. Biol. In press. 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? Through constant contact, a friendly relationship was established among the different collaborators. Several technological aspects have been discussed and have fostered the will of increasing the collaboration among the two laboratories. The visit of the two investigators respectively in Marseille and UC Berkeley has created interesting exchange of ideas and open new possible pathways of investigation, which will be pursued in the future. 5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? Visit Nilabh Shastri, to Marseille, July 2006 Visit Philippe PIERRE to Berkeley, Nov 2006 Exchange of mice and reagents 6) Please give any recommendations or feedback you may have regarding the France-Berkeley Fund. We are grateful to the France-Berkeley Fund for its support, however we think that the amount given for the grant is too small to expect much experimental return from the collaboration and we believe that only scientific creativity can be enhanced with this initiative. We would like to add that the amount of progress report requested by the fund is disproportionate with the size of the grant, considering the work overload that the scientists involved in the project have to face. We would support an elimination of the intermediate report.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

115

Dan Slobin, Department of Psychology, UC Berkeley Maarten Lemmens, U.F.R. Angellier (English), Université Lille3, France Manner of Location: Experimental Investigations into Language Typology.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. The main goal of this project is a typological study of how languages encode location events. To achieve this goal, the project planned carrying out elicitation experiments in which native speakers of English, Dutch and French would be asked to describe pictures or locate entities portrayed in these pictures. As it turned out, the set-up of the project was ambitious and exceeded what was possible within the time span of the project. During Maarten Lemmens’ visit to UC Berkeley, April 17-29, 2006, this method was fine-tuned in collaboration with UCB doctoral student Marc Ettlinger, who made recordings of 12 native English speakers. Ettlinger has subsequently digitalised these recordings. (Support for Ettlinger’s Research Assistant salary was provided by Slobin, with funds available through the Department of Psychology.) During that same period, the project was introduced to, and further discussed with, the members of the UCB Gesture research group, led by Prof. Eve Sweetser, at the Department of Linguistics, at UC Berkeley. During a short visit at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (May 22-23), Slobin and Lemmens further discussed the methods of data analysis. Lemmens organised an international workshop with presentations on this project and related projects, which was held in Lille, on May 9, 2007, and was co-financed by the Research Lab “Savoirs, Textes, et Langage” (UMR 8163 du CNRS) of which Lemmens is a member. The English data have been transcribed by UC Berkeley students (drawing additionally on Slobin’s research funds) and these are currently being double-checked by MA students at the University of Lille (supervision: Lemmens). Part of the data has been annotated for the analysis of the linguistic expressions. The gestural data have not yet been annotated or analysed. The Dutch and French data are in the process of being compiled with the help of MA students at Lille. They will be further transcribed and coded, drawing on other research funds that should be available to the French party (Lemmens) in 2008. The initial analysis of the data has given rise to some new insights that Slobin and Lemmens presented at an international workshop held in Lille on May 9, 2007. These insights pertain to two dimensions of the typology as it was presented by Talmy 2000. The first dimension concerns Talmy’s observation that in the domain of space, language seem to center around three different types of aspect-causative types: (i) stative type (“being into a state”), (ii) inchoative type (“entering into a state”), and (iii) agentive (or causative) type (“putting into a state”). English and French are often taken as typical representatives of the stative and agentive types respectively. In English, the basic verb is a stative one (e.g., stand) where the other two types are expressed by adding additional elements to the basic type (e.g., stand up for both inchoative and agentive types). French on the other hand, gravitates to the agentive end, where the basic verb incorporates the notion of CAUSE into its semantic core, e.g., asseoir (“cause to sit”); the inchoative is formed by adding an element, i.c., the reflexive (s’asseoir lit. “seat oneself”) and the stative is expressed by a past participle construction: être assis “be seated”). Dutch as well as the other Germanic languages align with English. The expectation was thus that for the data from the picture description experiments the aspectual types would be similar for English and Dutch (stative-based) as opposed to French (agentive-based). However, the data suggest a different alignment, where English is more like French. In other words, it appears that English uses many more agentive-based forms, like be laid out, be folded, hung up, etc. (comparable to French expressions like être disposé, être dissiminé, être mis) than Dutch does.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

116

Dan Slobin, Department of Psychology, UC Berkeley. Maarten Lemmens, U.F.R. Angellier (English), Université Lille 3, France. Manner of Location: Experimental Investigations into Language Typology.

The explanation for this is that Dutch (like German and Swedish) has conventionalised the use of a closed set of stative verbs as the default coding, i.e., zitten (“sit”), liggen (“lie”), staan (“stand”) (all three originate in human-based posture) and hangen (“hang”). In sum, the data suggest that the Talmian typology for stative/causative predicates needs to be revised in view of the grammaticalisation of posture verbs in Dutch; and because of this, the Germanic languages do not present a uniform group. The second dimension of Talmy’s typology for motion and location event expression is the opposition between Verbframed and Satellite-framed languages. This distinction boils down to the idea that some languages express the core of the event (the motion and the path) in the verb (as e.g., in French Il est entré dans la chambre “He entered in the room”), whereas other languages express it in a satellite, such as a verb particle, leaving the main verb in a clause free to express the manner of motion, e.g., English He ran into the room. Manner is often omitted in V-languages, or left to some sort of adjunct expression (e.g., Il est entré dans la chambre en courant “He entered in the room in running”). Talmy claims that the same typological opposition holds for static location: Verb-framed languages express static location in the verb, which merely expresses the idea of being located, e.g., Le journal est/se trouve sur la table “The newspaper is/is found on the table”) whereas in Satellite-framed languages the verb expresses additional information, e.g., about the located object’s disposition: The newspaper is lying on the table. Once again, the typological grouping that Talmy proposes needs to be revised. Talmy puts English and Dutch in the camp of Satellite-framed languages, along with all the other Germanic languages. However, as said above, Dutch has conventionalized posture verbs, and canonical location will typically be expressed with one of those verbs (e.g., De kleren liggen op het bed “the clothes lie on the bed”); English in contrast, while it can use such a verb, will typically express canonical location with the verb be: the clothes are on the bed, possibly adding dispositional information in a complement (are scattered out on the bed). Non-canonical location will in both cases be expressed by adding such complements: De kleren liggen verspreid op de grond / The clothes are scattered out on the floor). The typological opposition is thus between Disposition-framed languages (like Dutch), which have a frequent use of disposition verbs expressing canonical locations, and Neutral type languages, which only have infrequent inclusion of canonical disposition information. When manner is at issue, the former will use complements drawn from the open class of “manner of location” verbs (e.g., scatter, stick, strew, etc.), whereas the latter will draw from the same open class as well as that of disposition verbs. As such, two different psychological models can be presented. In the Disposition-framed languages, one can expect cognitive salience of both canonical and non-canonical dispositions: the use of disposition verbs orients speakers to canonical dispositions. Speakers of Neutral type languages can be expected to attribute cognitive salience only to non-canonical dispositions. The use of non-dispositional verbs limits the speaker’s attention to canonical dispositions. So far, these results have only been presented at the workshop in Lille; no publications have been prepared yet, but are planned for the future, when the Dutch data have been analysed to the fullest. 2) Give the names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project. UC Berkeley : Dan I. Slobin (coord.), Professor Emeritus, Dept. of Psychology Eve Sweetser, Professor, Dept. of Linguistics Marc Ettlinger, graduate student, Dept. Linguistics

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

117

Dan Slobin, Department of Psychology, UC Berkeley. Maarten Lemmens, U.F.R. Angellier (English), Université Lille 3, France. Manner of Location: Experimental Investigations into Language Typology.

Lille 3, Fance : Maarten Lemmens (coord.), Professor, Dept. of English Linguistics Other invited speakers at the workshop (FBF & STL), Lille, May 9, 2007 (org. Lemmens): Maya Hickmann & Henriëtte Hendriks (Université Paris 5 & Cambridge University ) Laure Sarda, Cathérine Fuchs (Lattice UMR 8094 du CNRS & ENS, Paris) Dejan Stosic (Université d’Arras et ERSS UMR 5610 CNRS, Université Toulouse le Mirail) Annie Risler (Université Lille3, France) Yann Coello (Université Lille3, France) Melissa Bowerman (Max Planck Institute of Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands) 3) List all publications resulting from this project. Include journal titles and issues/dates. Lemmens, M., D. I. Slobin & M. Ettlinger (2007). “Static location in English, French and Dutch : lexis and gesture” presentation at the international workshop on Language and Space, May 9, Université Lille 3, France. Lemmens, M. (2005). “Motion and location: toward a cognitive typology”. In Girard, G. (ed.), Parcours linguistiques. Domaine anglais. [CIEREC Travaux 122], 223-244, Publications de l’Université St Etienne. 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? The collaboration between Slobin and Lemmens that existed prior to this project has been strongly reinforced by the collaboration with this project. Thanks to the financial support of the FBF, several exchange visits were possible (in Berkeley, in Nijmegen and in Lille). Both researchers intend to collaborate further on this research project in the future, when more data are added. The joint presentation by Slobin and Lemmens at the workshop in Lille has added to the visibility of the collaboration to the scientific community, as will any future publications. 5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? For a detailed overview of the budget, see the enclosed file. Most of the money was spent on travel reimbursement for the mutual visits and the participation at the workshop and second international AFLiCo (French Association of Cognitive Linguistics) conference that followed it. Additional funding to continue the research set in motion by this project has been sought elsewhere, via a collaborative research project sponsored by the Agence National de Recherche in France and the Deutsche Forsungsgesellshaft in Germany; this project has been approved by the French side.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

118

Dan Slobin, Department of Psychology, UC Berkeley. Maarten Lemmens, U.F.R. Angellier (English), Université Lille 3, France. Manner of Location: Experimental Investigations into Language Typology.

6) Please give any recommendations or feedback you may have regarding the France-Berkeley Fund. The grant has made it possible for the researchers involved in the project to work together in a constructive environment. Given that there are always two parties in any FBF-project, one at UCB, one in France, it was quite surprising to find out that the budget is handled at UCB only, whereas it would have seemed more practical to have wired part of the grant to the French party, which would have made it much easier to handle the local expenses in France, as specified in the budget that we proposed. We suggest this should be specified more clearly in the information on the web pages, to avoid misunderstandings.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

119

Charles Fillmore, Department of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeley Laurent Romary, Lab. Lorrain de Recherche Informatique- LORIA- UMR7503- CNRS/INRIA, Universite de Nancy 2, 54506 vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Putting Semantics Into the Trees: Towards a French FrameNet.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. The English FrameNet, developed in the International Computer Science Institute, under the direction of UCB Professor Emeritus Charles Fillmore, is a rich lexical semantic resource combining a cross-linguistic ontology of Frames inspired by the researches in the field of Cognitive Linguistics, a lexicon that links Lexical Units to the Frames, and a set of annotations that relates syntactic and grammatical information to the Frame Elements. The English FrameNet currently covers 825 Frames, 10000 Lexical Units and 135000 annotated sentences, mainly extracted from the British National Corpus. FrameNet is a valuable resource for studying the lexicon of a language and for many applications in Natural Language Engineering, such as Question Answering, Information Extraction or Textual Entailment systems. The French FrameNet project aimed to initiate research on the possibility of building a FrameNet resource for the French language at a relatively low cost. The project followed two main directions (as identified in the original project description): 1. exploiting existing semantic resources for French 2. using computer techniques for projecting English results to the French lexicon The first track was phased out because of principal differences between existing French resources and FrameNet. The second track led to two realizations. The first is an original, resource-saving direct annotation approach (what is projected is the knowledge about semantic content) that can be combined with a semi-automatic method for lexicon construction. The latter is the application of a projection method proposed by Pado & Lapata (2006) that requires an annotation of a parallel corpus and a syntactic parser in both languages. The main scientific result produced as an outcome of this collaboration is described in G. Pitel: Cross-lingual labeling of semantic predicates and roles: A low-resource method based on bilingual L(atent) S(emantic) A(nalysis). This work is to appear in a volume edited by Hans C. Boas (Univ. Austin, Texas), after last review by the publisher (de Gruyter) expected in December 2007. There are two parts in this work: the first concern a method for the semi-automatic construction of a French FrameNet-style lexicon, based on online bilingual dictionaries; the second describes a method of directly annotating French text with the semantic labels of FrameNet (Frame Elements), using a bilingual semantic space. This method achieves a promising 66% f-score in labeling pre-segmented French text, using a Latent Semantic Analysis semantic space made from English and French parts of the Europarl corpus. 2) Give the names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project. Susanne Alt, Researcher Benoît Crabbé, Maître de Conférence (Associate Professor) Charles Fillmore, Professor Emeritus Guillaume Pitel, Post doctoral researcher Laurent Romary, Directeur de Recherche INRIA (Head researcher) Josef Ruppenhofer (then doctoral candidate, UCB Linguistics) FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

120

Charles Fillmore, Department of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeley Laurent Romary, Lab. Lorrain de Recherche Informatique- LORIA- UMR7503- CNRS/INRIA, Universite de Nancy 2, 54506 vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Putting Semantics Into the Trees: Towards a French FrameNet.

3) List all publications resulting from this project. Include journal titles and issues/dates. Please include the addresses for all websites related to the project. • Publications : • G. Pitel: Cross-lingual labeling of semantic predicates and roles: A low-resource method based on bilingual L(atent) S(emantic) A(nalysis) in Hans C. Boas (ed.) (2007): Multilingual FrameNets in Computational Lexicography: Methods and Applications. Berlin/New York: Mouton De Gruyter. (to appear) • S. Pado and G. Pitel: Annotation précise du français en sémantique de rôles par projection cross-linguistique. Proceedings of TALN-07, Toulouse. In addition to these publications, the two visits to Berkeley made by Guillaume Pitel, and the visit of Josef Ruppenhoffer to the team in Nancy, several activities strongly related to the project have taken place: • Romance FrameNet Workshop at EUROLAN (Cluj-Napoca, Romania) – participation of Guillaume Pitel, talk about the French FrameNet project. • Journée ATALA – Des ressources sémantiques existantes à un FrameNet français. (Contre-)Arguments, ressources, méthodes et outils. [ATALA workshop – From existing semantic resources to a French FrameNet. (Counter-)arguments, resources, methods and tools]. Program : http://www.atala.org/article.php3?id_article=298 ; Organization : Susanne Alt and Guillaume Pitel. http://libresource/projects/atala (site may be down) • Workshop Multilingual semantic annotation: Theory and applications, Saarland University. http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/projects/salsa/workshop/page.php?id=program-materials . Talk by Guillaume Pitel (Using bilingual LSA for FrameNet annotation of French text from generic resources). Participation of Susanne Alt and Christiane Jadelot (ATILF, Nancy) as well as Berkeley FrameNet members Charles Fillmore, Collin Baker, and Michael Ellsworth. • Website of the project : http://libresource.inria.fr/projects/framenet 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? The outcome of the France/Berkeley collaboration can be judged extremely positively: it was first an important transfer of knowledge from Berkeley to Nancy that will hopefully grow into a better implantation of FrameNet in France; it also made it possible to add a new satellite to the FrameNet system and to strengthen the intra-European network of FrameNet interests with the collaboration between Nancy and Saarebrücken (a similar collaboration is starting with the ITC in Trento, Italy). Despite the strong links that were built during this collaboration, no forthcoming collaboration is expected soon, mainly because of the lack of a structuring team that could handle the project in France (every member of the initial team in Nancy is now dispatched in Paris and Berlin in different organizations) and the main participant in Berkeley has moved to the University of Pittsburgh. Both groups, however, have ongoing connections with work in Saarland University.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

121

Charles Fillmore, Department of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeley Laurent Romary, Lab. Lorrain de Recherche Informatique- LORIA- UMR7503- CNRS/INRIA, Universite de Nancy 2, 54506 vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Putting Semantics Into the Trees: Towards a French FrameNet.

5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? Expenses included: • EUROLAN/Romance FrameNet workshop mission (Cluj-Napoca, Romania) • Visit of Josef Ruppenhoffer in Nancy • Visit of Guillaume Pitel in Berkeley • Organization of the ATALA workshop in Paris • Final visit of Guillaume Pitel in Berkeley Total budget: $8,000 Domestic (US) travel: $1,530.26 Foreign travel: $4,681.00 Funds unspent/returned to FBF: $1,788.74 6) Please give any recommendations or feedback you may have regarding the France-Berkeley Fund. From the French side of the project, it was thought that a part of the funding would be directly under management of the INRIA. Eventually it was discovered that all of the funding was available only on the Berkeley side. As a consequence they had to do some delicate transactions (fortunately, with good will from both sides) with the Berkeley Linguistics Department, in order to get reimbursed for the Eurolan mission. From the Berkeley side, we had looked forward to working closely with Laurent Romary, with whom Fillmore had had earlier contacts through computational linguistics organizations, but Romary had unexpected responsibilities laid on him that required him to abandon the project’s activities entirely. It would be hard to know how to prevent such disruptions. We also believed that a matching allotment of FBF funding had been assigned to the French half of the collaboration, having learned by email how they were planning to spend their part. It would be good, if possible, to distribute funds to both institutions, just to make planning easier. As the first paragraph shows, there were many difficulties in correcting those mistaken assumptions. The mission of the France-Berkeley Fund is to contribute in some way to enduring relations between institutions at the two ends. The FrameNet project is carried out in a non-profit research institute affiliated with the University of California, but one that is entirely supported by outside grants. When the grants run out of money, the projects end and the personnel disperse. The director of the Berkeley half of this effort (Fillmore) is an emeritus faculty member in the Department of Linguistics, the single Berkeley student who traveled to France to offer a tutorial on FrameNet practices (Ruppenhofer) is no longer living in Berkeley, and those Berkeley students who interacted with Dr. Pitel during his visits to Berkeley learned about some important research. But there is no actual remaining trace of this collaboration in the Department itself: that is, there are no ongoing programs in the Berkeley Linguistics Department that show the influence of this brief period of collaboration. It would be interesting to learn about other projects that reached the Fund’s goals more robustly. FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

122

Wen-Hsin Yeh, History, University of California Berkeley Christain Henriot, Institut d’Asie Orientale (UMR5062), Ecole Normale Superieure, Lyon Visual Documents in the Study of Modern China.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. In May 2005 the members of the project organized a session on visual images and the Chinese War with Japan at Fudan University within the ECAI annual conference. This gathering gave rise to the idea of further explorations on methodological and empirical fronts the use of historical photographs in historical research on Shanghai. In the summer of 2005 we received the FBF grant. In October 2005 Christian Henriot arrived in Berkeley as a Fulbright Visiting Scholar. Project discussions and planning took place intensively between the two principals, Yeh and Henriot. In December 2005 Yeh and Henriot went to Shanghai where they participated in a conference on urban popular culture. In Shanghai they held meetings with Jiang Jin, professor of history at East China Normal University, and Zheng Zu'an, researcher at the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences. Jiang and Zheng were invited to join the project and consulted on the next stage of the work. Yeh and Henriot also met with professors Luo Suwen, Hiroko Sakamoto, and Masako Kohama and exchanged information on their respective research projects. All five mentioned above were invited and agreed to take part at the conference on visual documentation and wartime Shanghai that took place in August 2006 in Berkeley (see below) In February 2006 Henriot and Yeh made a presentation at the Center for Chinese Studies at Berkeley on "Virtual Shanghai" Platform. In April 2006 project members presented a panel at the Association for Asian Studies annual meeting in San Francisco under the title: "Common People and Cities: Visual Documents and Historical Narrative." Henriot chaired the meeting and presided over a pre-conference planning session. Yeh served as the discussant. This was the first instance of a 'live' presentation of the platform that serves both the "Virtual Shanghai" project and the "Common People". This platform is designed precisely for the expression of historical narratives that draw on visual sources. In August 2006 a joint conference was held in Berkeley. It was entitled "War and Wartime in Visual Representations. An agenda is attached. In conjunction with the conference, a photo exhibit, curated by Professor Luo Suwen and Vimalin Rucharivakal entitled Industrial Shanghai through a Century of Visual Image: A Photograph Exhibition at the University of California at Berkeley. A description is attached. (Industrial Shanghai through a Century of Visual Images.doc) 2) Give the names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project. Christian Henriot, Fulbright scholar, Professor at Lumière-Lyon 2 University Jérôme Bourgon, Research Fellow, CNRS Wen-hsin Yeh, Professor, History, UC Berkeley Luo Suwen, Senior Researcher, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Vimalin Rujivacharakul, Assistant Professor, Art History, University of Delaware Paul Pickowicz, Professor, History, UC San Diego Sheldon Lu, Associate Professor of Chinese, Film Studies, and Cultural Studies, University of Pittsburgh Poshek Fu, Professor, History, Univ. Illinois, Champaign-Urbana Shana Brown, Assistant Professor, History, University of Hawaii

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

123

Wen-Hsin Yeh, History, University of California Berkeley Christain Henriot, Institut d’Asie Orientale (UMR5062), Ecole Normale Superieure, Lyon Visual Documents in the Study of Modern China.

William Schaefer, Assistant Professor, East Asian Languages, UC Berkeley Kuiyi Shen, Associate Professor, Department of Visual Arts, UC San Diego Edna Tow, Graduate Student, History, UC Berkeley Sakamoto Hiroko, Professor, Graduate School of Social Sciences, Hitotsubashi University Jin Jiang, Assistant Professor of History and Asian Studies, Vassar College Susan Glosser, Associate Professor, History, Lewis and Clark College 3) List all publications resulting from this project. Include journal titles and issues/dates. Please include the addresses for all websites related to the project. The papers from the April 2006 panel at the Association for Asian Studies were published as a special issue of the European Journal of East Asian Studies (Vol. 6, no. 1, 2007) by Brill, Leiden. The set of papers from the joint conference are being edited with of view to publish them in the coming year.. Research results are also available on the internet at the site "Virtual Shanghai" edited by Christian Henriot. [http:// virtualshanghai.net] The site offers historical maps and photographs for scholarly access. It also publicizes scholarly papers in connection with visual research on Shanghai. We expect continuing development of the site in terms of data, scholarly access and community-building. 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? The collaboration between the two institutions has been expanding with a second round of conference in Lyon in 2007. Both institutions are considering applying to the new Franco-American program "Partner University Fund" for support to a mid-term project in the same realm. 5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? Airfare and travel Meals Mailings Supplies Total

5995 1466 29 71 7561

Additional funds for the August 2006 conference were obtained from the Agence nationale de la Recherche.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

124

Roberto Horowitz , Mechanical Engineering , UC Berkeley Carlos Canudas de Wit, LAG laboratory, Grenoble Towards Coordinated and Traffic Responsive Ramp Metering Strategies.

1) Describe the work accomplished, in relation to the original project description. The two research teams involved in the collaboration have both developed new ramp metering algorithms during this period. The visit of the PhD candidate Denis Jacquet from France at UC Berkeley has enabled to cooperate on these developments and helped to identify the limits and possible improvements of the different approaches. It also helped the France side to benefit from the expertise of the Berkeley side on traffic control and monitoring in general. One interesting insight has been to identify that the origin-destination matrix is an important information that improves the operation of ramp metering strategies. A paper has been written on this topic where a new methodology is proposed to estimate in real time such data based on the vehicle counts only. 2) Give the names and ranks (ex. doctoral student, associate professor, etc.) of the participants in the project. Carlos Canudas de Wit, Directeur de Recherche CNRS, INP Grenoble, France Roberto Horowitz, Professor, Mechanical Engineering UCB, USA Denis Jacquet, PhD candidate, INP Grenoble, France Jonathan Jaglin, Master student, INP Grenoble, France Damien Koenig, Assistant Professor, INP Grenoble, France 3) List all publications resulting from this project. Include journal titles and issues/dates. The following paper has been presented in an international conference as a direct result of the collaboration: D. Jacquet and Roberto Horowitz, “Input Estimation in Interconnected Systems of Conservation Laws, Application to OD Volume Update”, Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Mathematical Theory of Networks and Systems (MTNS), Kyoto, Japan, 2006. We also participated to a workshop on the Control of Distributed Parameter Systems on June 6th, 2006 organized by Claire Tomlin at the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Berkeley. The topic of our presentation was “Freeway Management Applications of Adjoint-based Sensitivity Methods”. A workshop was organised at the LAG laboratory (Grenoble, France) during the visit of Professor Horowitz from UC Berkeley. Prof. Horowitz was also the international member of the faculty committee that examined Mr. Denis Jacquet during his PhD defence at the same location. 4) Comment on the collaborative nature of this project, highlighting aspects that have fostered continuing relationships between French institutions and UC campuses. Will future collaboration occur as a result of this project? The UC Berkeley team has a long experience in freeway traffic monitoring and control research, mainly through the PATH program, which is one on the most active programs in the world in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). This topic is quite new in France and the LAG laboratory started this activity in 2003. This collaboration enabled the France side to quickly focus on relevant problems and propose innovative solutions. A Grenoble Traffic Lab (GTL) project has now been funded in Grenoble with European community funds and the collaborative research in the field of traffic control systems that begun with the France-Berkeley funding will continue. FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

125

Roberto Horowitz , Mechanical Engineering , UC Berkeley Carlos Canudas de Wit, LAG laboratory, Grenoble. Towards Coordinated and Traffic Responsive Ramp Metering Strategies

5) Give an abbreviated final accounting of how the France-Berkeley Fund award was spent. Do you envision soliciting additional outside funding for this or related projects in the future, and if yes, from where? Four trips were conducted thanks to the financial support of the FBF: - Trip 1: Visit of the French PhD candidate Denis Jacquet to UC Berkeley in May 2006. - Trip 2: The presentation of a conference paper co-authored by Denis Jacquet and Professor Horowitz by Denis Jacquet at MTNS, Kyoto, Japan. - Trip 3: Visit of Professor Roberto Horowitz from UC Berkley at the LAG laboratory, Grenoble, France during November 10-15 2006. - Trip 4: Visit of Professor Canudas de Witt from LAG laboratory, Grenoble, France to UC Berkley during April 9-13 2007. In this case, only Prof. Canuda’s lodging at Berkeley was financed by the France-Berkeley Fund. The accounting for these 4 trips is as follows: Item Action 1 (Travel) Action 2 (Travel) Action 3 (Travel) Action 4 (Travel)

Cost $2500 $2862 $1411 $452

6) Please give any recommendations or feedback you may have regarding the France-Berkeley Fund. Some difficulties in the reimbursement procedure were experienced, particularly to reimburse the French participants that are not in the UCB administrative system.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

126

APPENDIX I

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

127

Funded Projects

1994

Brian A. Barsky, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, UC Berkeley Jean Sequeira, Informatique, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Université Aix-Marseille II Geometric Modeling of the Cornea Using Videokeratography. Yale M. Braunstein, School of Library and Information Sciences, UC Berkeley Anne Mayère, Centre d’Études et de Recherche en Sciences de l’Information, ENSSIB, Villeurbanne User Fees for Government Information in France and the United States: Analysis of Current Policies and Practices. Eugene D. Commins, Department of Physics, UC Berkeley Marie-Anne Bouchiat, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, CNRS, Paris Violation de la parité dans les atomes: étude de l’interaction électrofaible électron-noyau par des méthodes optiques. David Dornfeld, Engineering Systems Research Center, UC Berkeley Serge Tichkiewitch, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Nancy Intégration des Procédés de Fabrication en Conception de Produits. Larry M. Hyman, Department of Linguistics, UC Berkeley Jean-Marie Hombert, Linguistique, Université Lumière Lyon II Language as a Key to History. Andrew Lange, Department of Physics, UC Berkeley François R. Bouchet, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, Paris Observations and Predictions of the Cosmological Background Anisotrophies. Steven G. Louie, Department of Physics, UC Berkeley Gerard Martinez, Physique, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Electron Correlation Effects in Condensed Matter System as the Newly Discovered Fullerene-based Materials. Barbara Romanowicz, Department of Geology & Geophysics, UC Berkeley Professor Foidvaux, École Normale Supérieure, Paris Global Geophysics. Kenneth Ribet, Department of Mathematics, UC Berkeley Eva Bayer Fluckiger, Laboratoire de Mathématique, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon Théorie des Nombres. Suzanne Scotchmer, School of Public Policy, UC Berkeley Jacques-François Thisse, CERAS, Université de Paris I Cumulative Innovation and the Patent Law. Charles H. Townes, Department of Physics, UC Berkeley Jean Lefèvre, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Nice Étude de la perte de masse des étoiles évoluées.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

128

Funded Projects

1995

Walter Alvarez, Department of Geology & Geophysics, UC Berkeley Bernard Beaudoin, CGES Sédimentologie, École des Mines de Paris Environmental Consequences of the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Event. Daniel S. Chemla, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Pierre Lefebvre, Groupe d’Etude des Semiconducteurs, Université Montpellier II Optical Properties of Nanostructures. Low-dimensional Excitonic Effects. Margaret W. Conkey, Department of Anthropology, UC Berkeley Valérie Andrieu, Laboratoire de Botanique Historique et Palynologie, Faculté des Sciences Saint-Jérôme, Marseille Between the Caves: Explorations into the Social Geography and Paleoenvironments of Late Ice Age Peoples of the French Midi-Pyrénées (Ariège/ Haute Garonne), France. Gérard Debreu, Department of Economics, UC Berkeley Bernard Cornet, CERMSEM, Université de Paris I Mathematical Economics. Ervin Hafter, Department of Psychology, UC Berkeley Anne-Marie Bonnel, CNRS - Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Marseille Study of Deficits in Attention in the Diagnosis of Onset Psychosis. Catherine P. Koshland, School of Public Health, UC Berkeley Sébastien Candel, Laboratoire EM2C de L’ECP et du CNRS, Châtenay-Malabry A strategy to reduce emissions during thermal oxidation of hazardous wastes. Laurent Mayali, Robbins Collection, School of Law, UC Berkeley Bernard Durand, Institut d’Histoire du Droit , URA 966 CNRS, Université de Montpellier I Délinquance, justice et doctrine pénale écclésiastique. Hiroshi Nikaido, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley Patrice Courvalin, Institut Pasteur, Paris Role of Multi-Drug Efflux Pumps in Antibiotic Resistance of Gram-Positive Bacteria. John Rhodes, Department of Mathematics, UC Berkeley Jean-Eric Pin, LITP/IBP, Université de Paris VII Semigroups, Groups, Automata and Formal Languages. Gene I. Rochlin, Institute of Governmental Studies, UC Berkeley Werner Ackermann, Centre de Sociologie des Organisations/CNRS, Paris Cross-National Studies of the Sociology of Organizations: Fostering Cooperation on Methodological Coordination and Promoting Observational Inter-Comparisons. Richard Saykally, (Department of Chemistry, UC Berkeley Claude Leforestier, Laboratoire de Chimie Théoretique, Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay Determination of the Intermolecular Pair Potential for Water - The Universal Biological Solvent.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

129

Funded Projects

1995

Y. R. Shen, Department of Physics, UC Berkeley E. Courtens, LSMV CC069, Université Montpellier II Non-linear optics in porous materials. Pravin Varaiya, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, UC Berkeley Joseph Sifakis, VERIMAG, Montbonnot Saint-Martin Analysis of Hybrid Systems: Application to the PATH Project. Loic J.D. Wacquant, Department of Sociology, UC Berkeley Pierre Bourdieu, Sociologie, Collège de France, Paris Actualité et Modernité de la Pensée de Marcel Mauss. Tim D. White, Department of Anthropology, UC Berkeley Raymonde Bonnefille, Laboratoire de Géologie du Quarternaire, CNRS, Marseille Habitat of the Earliest Human Ancestors.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

130

Funded Projects

1996

Ali Belkacem, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Joseph Remillieux, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon et Université Lyon I Production and Study of Exotic Atoms. John Canny, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, UC Berkeley Christian Laugier, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique, Grenoble Dynamic Simulation for TeleRobotics and Medical Applications. Alexandre J. Chorin, Department of Mathematics, UC Berkeley Denis Talay, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique, Sophia Antipolis Les systèmes de particules aléatoires et les applications numériques en mécanique des fluides. Marie-Agnès Deleplanque-Stephens, Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Gilles de France, Centre de Recherches Nucléaires, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg Study of Rotating Atomic Nucleus. Susanna Elm, Department of History, UC Berkeley Eric Rebillard, École Française de Rome, Rome Boundaries of Discourse: Establishing, Maintaining and Challenging ‘Orthodoxy’ in the History of Christianity. Mariane C. Ferme, Department of Anthropology, UC Berkeley Jean-Loup Amselle, Centre d’Études Africaines, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris Imperialism and Identity: Remapping the Cultural Politics of Representation. Sylvia Guendelman, School of Public Health, UC Berkeley Gérard Bréart, INSERM Unité 149, Paris A World on the Move: A Comparative Look at the Birth Outcomes of Immigrant Women in France, Belgium and the United States. Russell Jones, Department of Plant Biology, UC Berkeley Raoul Ranjeva, Centre de Physiologie Végétale, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse Isolation and Characterization of Calcium Channels in Plants. Larry Karp, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, UC Berkeley Thierry Paul, GREQAM-LEQAM, Université Aix-Marseille II, Les Milles Government Policy and Labor Market Imperfections. C. Bradley Moore, Department of Chemistry, UC Berkeley Pascal Devolder, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq Kinetic Investigations of reactive systems by combined laser photolysis/tunable diode absorption spectroscopy and LIF. Forrest S. Mozer, Space Sciences Laboratory, UC Berkeley Raymond Pottelette, Centre d’Études des Environnements Terrestre et Planétaires, Saint-Maur des Fosses Study of Acceleration and Radiation Processes in Geospace Plasmas. FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

131

Funded Projects

1996

Hans Georg Ritter, Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Barbara Erazmus, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et des Technologies Associées, Nantes Development of Tracking Methods for High-Energy Experiments. Hans Rudolf Wenk, Department of Geology & Geophysics, UC Berkeley Michel Pernet, Laboratoire de Cristallographie - C.N.R.S., Grenoble Texture and Anisotropy.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

132

Funded Projects

1997

Mina J. Bissell, Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Edmond Puvion, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer, Villejuif Regulation of Gene Expression by Nuclear Architectural Organization: An Ultrastructural Analysis Combining a Unique 3-Dimensional Cell Culture System with Novel Electron Microscopy Techniques. Robert Brayton, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, UC Berkeley Dominique Borrione, Laboratoire TIMA, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Multi-Standard Verification Environment for Digital Systems Design. Thomas Broadhurst, Department of Astronomy, UC Berkeley James Bartlett, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg Large-Scale Structure and Galaxy Formation. William Danchi, Space Sciences Laboratory, UC Berkeley Jean Gay, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Nice High Angular Resolution and Mass Loss of Evolved Stars. Paula Fass, Department of History, UC Berkeley Agnes Fine, UFR d’Historia, Université de Toulouse Le Mirail A Comparative Analysis of ‘New Families’ in France and the United States. Ralph Freeman, School of Optometry, UC Berkeley Yves Fregnac, Institut Alfred Fessard, Gif-sur-Yvette An Integrative Regulation of Functional Connectivity in the Developing and Adult Visual Cortex. Melvin Klein, Structural Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Jean-Jacques Girerd, Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay XAS (Xanes and EXAFS) Studies Coupled to Electro-Chemistry of Chemical Models of the Catalytic Site of the Oxygen Evolving Center PSII. Paolo Mancosu, Department of Philosophy, UC Berkeley Hourya Sinaceur, Institut d’Histoire et Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Paris I Bernard Bolzano: Philosophy of Logic and Mathematics. Frank McLarnon, Department of Chemical Engineering, UC Berkeley Françoise Argoul, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, Pessac Application of Advanced Optical Techniques for Probing Interfacial Electrochemical Processes. Saul Perlmutter, Center for Particle Astrophysics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Pain Reynald, LPNHE, Universités Paris VI & VII, Paris Measurement of the Cosmological Parameters Using Type Ia Supernova. Richard Saykally, Department of Chemistry, UC Berkeley Claude Leforestier, Laboratoire Structure et Dynamique des Systèmes Moléculaires et Solides, Université Montpellier IThe Dynamics of a Nucleotide Base Hydration. FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

133

Funded Projects

1997

Brian Staskawicz, Department of Plant Biology, UC Berkeley Ulla Bonas, Institut des Sciences Végétales, Gif-sur-Yvette Identification and Characterization of Novel Genes for Disease Resistance in Capsicum annum. David Stronach, Department of Near Eastern Studies, UC Berkeley Frantz Grenet, École Normale Supérieure, Paris Workshop on Strategies for Joint Archaeological Excavation and Research in Central Asia. Michael Watts, Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley Gilles Allaire, UFR d’Économie et de Sociologie Rurales, INRA, Castanet-Tolosan Systems and Trajectories of Innovation: Institutions, Technology and Conventions in Agriculture Regulation.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

134

Funded Projects

1998

Andrew Barshay, Department of History, UC Berkeley Jean-François Sabouret, Etudes Japonaises, CNRS, Paris 1968: Events and Legacies Jeffrey Granett, Department of Entomology, UC Davis François Leclant, UFR d’Ecologie animale et de Zoologie agricole, ENSA-INRA, Montpellier Understanding Genetic Variability of Grape Phylloxera Mack Kennedy, Center for Isotope Geochemistry, Earth Science Division, LBNL Simon Sheppard, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon Origin and Role of Fluids Involved in Active Faulting Hendrik Lenstra, Department of Mathematics, UC Berkeley Leila Schneps, Laboratoire de Mathematiques, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon Galois Theory. Xiaoye Sherry Li, National Energy Research Scientific Computing Division,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Iain Duff, Parallel Algorithms Project, CERFACS, Toulouse Hybrid Ordering Algorithms for Sparse Direct and Iterative Solvers. Sharon Marcus, Department of English, UC Berkeley Karen Bowie, Ecole d’Architecture de Paris-Val-de-Marne, Charenton-le-Pont Forms of Urban Life in Paris, 1815-1851. Daniel Neumark, Department of Chemistry, UC Berkeley Benoît Soep, Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay Time-Resolved Studies of Transition State Dynamics. Hiroshi Nikaido, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley Patrick Plésiat, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon) Characterization of a New Multidrug Efflux Pump in Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Gordon Rausser, College of Natural Resources, UC Berkeley Patrick Rio, UFR d’Economie et de Sociologie Rurales, INRA, Montpellier Multilateral Negotiations over Water Management in France and California . David Robin, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Jasques Laskar, Astronomie et Systèmes Dynamiques, Bureau des Longitudes, CNRS, Paris Application of Frequency Map Analysis to the Advanced Light Source. Alistair Sinclair, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, UC Berkeley Claire Kenyon, LRI, Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay Phase Transitions and Computational Complexity.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

135

Funded Projects

1998

Mark Strovink, Department of Physics, UC Berkeley Gregorio Bernardi, LPNHE, Universités de Paris VI et VII Search for Supersymmetric Decays of the Top Quark. David Wessel, Center for New Music and Audio Technologies, UC Berkeley Xavier Rodet, Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique [IRCAM], Paris Gestural Control of Musical Sound Synthesis.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

136

Funded Projects

1999

Robert BonDurant, School of Veterinary Medecine, UC Davis Francis Fieni, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes Transmission of Cae Retrovirus Via Breeding Technologies in Dairy Goats. Daniel S. Chemla, Materials Sciences Division & ALS, LBNL Jérôme Tignon, Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Spectroscopie Optique Non Linéaire de Nanostructures de Semiconducteurs. Neil Fligstein, Department of Sociology, UC Berkeley Rémi Lenoir, Sociologie, Université de Paris I; CSEC-CSE/EHESS, Paris French Field Theory and American New Institutionalism: Building Theoretical Bridges for the Analysis of Contemporary Politics and Culture. Gerson Goldhaber, Supernova Cosmology Project, LBNL Reynald Pain, Universités de Paris VI et VII Measurement of the Cosmological Parameters Using Type 1a Supernovae. Patrick V. Kirch, Department of Anthropology, UC Berkeley Eric Conte, Université Française du Pacifique, Tahiti Prehistoric Polynesian Voyaging and Island Colonization: New Archaeological Perspectives. Mike Levine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley Christian Sardet, UMR 643 CNRS, Station Zoologique, Villefranche-sur-Mer Searching for Muscle Determinants in a Simple Chordate Embryo. Krishna K. Niyogi, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, UC Berkeley Michel Havaux, Dépt. d’Ecophysiologie Végétale/ Microbiologie, CEA / Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance Role of the Xanthophylls in the Protection of Plants from Photo-Oxidative Damage. Nicholas Paige, Department of French, UC Berkeley Christian Biet, Institut d’Etudes théâtrales, Université de Paris X, Nanterre The Literature of Law: Judicial and Economic Culture, 1550-1789. Shankar Sastry, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, UC Berkeley Christian Laugier, Projet SHARP, INRIA Rhône-Alpes, Montbonnot Saint-Martin High-Fidelity Computer Simulations of Medical Procedures. Tito Serafini, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley Alain Chédotal, INSERM Unité 106, Paris Neuronal Target Recognition and Synaptogenesis in the Mammalian Brain. Jonathan Shewchuk, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences,UC Berkeley Marc Daumas, Laboratoire de l’Informatique du Parallelisme, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon Floating-point Multiple Precision Arithmetic for Adaptive Computation and Elementary Functions.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

137

Funded Projects

James H. Underwood, Center for X-Ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Coryn Frank Hague, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Université de Paris VI Magneto-Optics of Polarized Soft X-Rays. Maciej Zworski, Department of Mathematics, UC Berkeley Frédéric Klopp, Institut Galilée, Université Paris-Nord, Villetaneuse Spectral and Scattering Theory.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

1999

Funded Projects

2000

Ali Belkacem, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL Joseph Remillieux, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon Experimental Studies of Vacuum-Assisted Photoionization. Stanley Berger, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley Francis Cassot, INSERM, Toulouse Numerical and Experimental Simulations of Cerebral Blood Flow for/and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRA and fMRI) Edward Berry, Physical Biosciences Division, LBNL Jean-Luc Popot, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris Crystallization of Cytochrome bc 1/amphipol Complexes. Carlos Bustamante, Depts. of Physics and Molecular and Cell Biology Malcolm Buckle, Institut Gustave Roussy, Paris RNA Polymerase Translocation: A Comparative Study using Rapid Footprinting, Surface Plasmon Resonance and Single Molecule Methodologies. Deborah Hopkins, Engineering Division, LBNL Joëlle Riss, CDGA, Université de Bordeaux I Micromechanics of Natural Rock Fractures under Shear Stress. Carole Meredith (Dept. of Viticulture and Enology, UC Davis) Jean-Michel Boursiquot (ENSA, Montpellier) “DNA Profiling and Parentage Analysis of Grape Varieties Held in the INRA Collection at Domaine de Vassal”. John Radke, Geographic Information Science Center, UC Berkeley Didier Josselin, Laboratoire THEMA, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon A Boundary Generation System for Landscape Characterization. Richard Scheffler, School of Public Health, UC Berkeley Christine Huttin, Université de Paris X-Nanterre The Growth of Private Insurance and Managed Care in France: Insights from the American Experience. George Smoot, Dept. of Physics, UC Berkeley James Bartlett, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse Precision Cosmology from CMB Data Processing and Analysis Techniques. William Sullivan, Dept. of Biology, UC Santa Cruz Alain Debec, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Villefranche-sur-Mer Investigating the Paradox of Parthenogenesis. Norman Terry, Dept. of Plant and Microbial Biology, UC Berkeley Jean-Claude Davidian, ENSA-INRA, Montpellier Mechanisms of Selenium Uptake, Sequestration and Resistance in Arabidopsis and Yeast Mutants.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

139

Funded Projects

2000

David Vogel, Haas School of Business, UC Berkeley Jabril Bensédrine, Economie et Gestion, Université de Marne-la-Vallée French and American Perspectives on Genetically-Engineered Food: Institutional Convergence and Divergence as Sources of Cooperation and Dispute. Wen-hsin Yeh, Dept. of History, UC Berkeley Christian Henriot, Institut d’Asie Orientale, Université Lumière Lyon II Shanghai in Images: A Historical Photographic Database (1840-1949). Qiang Zhou, Dept. of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley Olivier Bensaude, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Functional Analysis of RNA-binding Activity of the Human Positive Transcription Elongation Factor, P-TEFb. Alexandra Navrotsky, Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, UC Davis Roger Marchand, Laboratoire “Verres et Céramiques,” Université de Rennes I Thermochemistry of a New Class of Inorganic Nitrogen-Containing Materials.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

140

Funded Projects

2001

Sharon Daniel, Department of Film & Digital Media, UC Santa Cruz Karen O’Rourke, UFR d’Arts Plastiques et Sciences de l’Art, Université de Paris I Mapping the Database: Designing and Building Interdisciplinary, Non-Hierarchical, Dynamically Evolving Art/Information Systems. Jesús De Loera, Department of Mathematics, UC Davis András Sebö, CNRS Laboratoire Leibniz-IMAG, Grenoble Computer Algebra Methods in Graph Theory and Optimization. Imke de Pater, Department of Astronomy, UC Berkeley Renée Prangé, Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université de Paris XI Monitoring and Study of Io’s Volcanic Activity. David Deamer, Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UC Santa Cruz Marie-Christine Maurel, Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris VI Oligomerization of Thioglutamic Acid in Membrane-Defined Microenvironments. Deborah Delmer, Section of Plant Biology, UC Davis Herman Höfte, Laboratoire de Biologie, INRA, Versailles The Use of Arabidopsis Mutants to Trace the Path of Carbon into Cellulose in Plants. Mark Franko, Department of Theater Arts, UC Santa Cruz Carlo Severi, Laboratoire d’Anthropologie sociale, EHESS, Collège de France Symbolic Actions: Ritual, Dance, Theater, Art. Bronwyn Hall, Department of Economics, UC Berkeley Jacques Mairesse, Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques [INSEE]CREST, Malakoff Economics, History and Law of Intellectual Property: Proposal for a Franco-American Conference. Kevin Healy Dept. of Bioengineering & Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering, UC Berkeley Véronique Migonney, Institut Galilée, Université de Paris XIII, Villetaneuse Peptide-modified heparin-like copolymers as biomimetic coatings for orthopaedic implants: synthesis, surface characterization, and biological response. David Hult, Department of French, UC Berkeley Danielle Bohler, Langue et littérature françaises du Moyen Age, Université Michel de Montaigne Bordeaux III La Culture du Livre: naissance et transformations du lecteur depuis la fin du Moyen Age jusqu’au seuil de la modernité. Douglas Kellogg, Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology UC Santa Cruz Robert Arkowitz, CNRS UMR 6543, Centre de Biochimie, Université de Nice G-protein Regulation of Growth Location. Tonya Kuhl, Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, UC Davis Carlos Marques, LDFC-Institut de Physique, Université de Strasbourg Binding Dynamics of Tethered Ligand-Receptor Interactions. FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

141

Funded Projects

2001

Ethan Ligon, Dept. of Agricultural and Resource Economics, UC Berkeley Pierre Dubois, UFR d’Economie et de Sociologie Rurales, INRA, Toulouse Microeconomic Theory and Empirical Studies of Intra-Household Behavior in Developing Countries. Jeffrey Long, Department of Chemistry, UC Berkeley Patrick Batail, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, Nantes Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Re6-nOsnSe8(n=1-3) Cluster-Organic Radical Salts. Christos Papadimitriou, Computer Science Division, UC Berkeley Evripidis Bampis, Laboratoire de Méthodes Informatiques, Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne MULT-APPROX: Multiobjective Optimization and Approximation. Carl Pennypacker, Space Sciences Laboratory, UC Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Michel Boër, CNRS FRE 2194 Centre d’Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, Toulouse Developing an Internet-mediated Astronomy Research/Teacher Training Program for France, U.S. and other Nations. Saul Perlmutter, Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Pierre Antilogus, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon Nearby Supernova Factory Project (Software). Richard Saykally, Department of Chemistry, UC Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Claude Roth, Département d’Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris Investigating the Physiology of Natural Killer Cells by Nonlinear Chemical Imaging Nanomicroscopy. Hei Sook Sul, Dept. of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, UC Berkeley Axel Kahn, Institut Cochin de Génétique Moléculaire, INSERM Unité 129, Paris Regulation of Fatty Acid Synthase Promoter by AMP-dependent Protein Kinase. Pravin Varaiya, Dept. of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, UC Berkeley Michel Diaz, Laboratoire d’Automatique et d’Analyse des Systèmes-CNRS, Toulouse End to End Transport Protocols for the New Generation Internet.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

142

Funded Projects

2002

Ronald Amundson, Division of Ecosystem Sciences, UC Berkeley Isabelle Basile, CEREGE-Université Aix-Marseille III Le cycle du carbone dans les sols: role des interactions matiere organique / aluminosilicates pseudo-cristallises. Edmund Campion, Department of Music Composer in Residence, CNMAT Francois Paris, Center International de Recherche Musical CIRM/CNMAT Collaboration. A. Chatterjee , Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory A. Chetioui, University Pierre et Marie Curie, GPS Biological Consequences of inner-shell ionization events on DNA. Eugene Commins, Department of Physics, UC Berkeley Francois Combes, LERMA, Observatoire de Paris Supernovae and Dust : Following the Dusty from Galaxy Formation to Cosmological Parameters. Kurt Cuffey, Department of Geography, UC Berkeley Francois Vimeux, CR2 Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - Lab.Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement Improved precipitation isotope analyses for climate change studies. Agnes Gellen, Department of Philosophy, UC Berkeley Elise Domenach, Department of Philosophy, University de Picardie Jules Verne Kant’s Trans-Atlantic Legacy of Skepticism. Louise Glass, Plant and Microbial Biology Department, UC Berkeley Corrine Clave, Laboratoire de Genetique Moleculaire des Champignons Comparative analysis of the programmed cell death reaction triggered by nonself recognition genes in two model fungal species. John Gunion, Physics Department, UC Davis Ulrich Ellwanger, Theoretical Physics Laboratory, University de Paris-Sud Supersymmetric Higgs Bosons at the Large Hadron Collider. Larry Hyman, Department of Linguistics, UC Berkeley Gerard Phillipson, INALCO Paris, en délégation au Laboratoire Dynamique du Langage Linguistic Philogenies in the Bantu Domain. Jennifer Johnson-Hanks, Department of Demography, UC Berkeley Nathalie Picard-Tortorici , THEMA, Universite de Cergy-Pontoise Nouveaux regards sur la fécondité en Afrique Occidentale. Edward Keller, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, UC Berkeley Laurent Goffard, CNRS Distributed Neural Control of Visual Saccades.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

143

Funded Projects

2002

Warren Sack, (SIMS, UC Berkeley) Francois Detienne, INRIA-Rocquencourt, Projet EIFFEL Social and Cognitive Analyses of Collaborative Design for Open Source. Kevan Shokat, Department of Chemistry, UC Berkeley Michael Sieweke, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille Luminy Role of subnuclear localization and complex formation of transcription factors in differentiation. Tyler Stovall, Department of History, UC Berkeley Michel Giraud, CNRS/Universite des Antilles et de la Guyane Strangers at home: Caribbean Immigrants in France and the United States. Daniel Tataru, Department of Mathematics, UC Berkeley Patrick Gerard, Department of Mathematics, Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations and Geometry. Slawek Tulaczyk, Department of Earth Sciences, UC Santa Cruz Catherine Ritz, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Geophysique de l’Environnement Possible Near-Future breakup of the Ross Ice Shelf and Other Forms of Unstable Behavior of the Antarctic Ice Sheet: Evaluating the Impact of Decreasing Ice Discharge from the Ross Ice Streams. Martin Wachs, Institute of Transportation Studies, City and Regional Planning, UC Berkeley Cynthia Ghorra-Gobin, CNRS - Paris, National Scientific Research Center Public Services and Organizational Innovations: A French and American Perspective in the Transit System.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

144

Funded Projects

2003

Sandrine Dutoit, School of Public Health, UC Berkeley Jean Daniel Zucker, CNRS-STIC team, University of Paris XIII OBELINKS: Combining Machine Learning and Biostatistics to discover significant obesity related genetic polymorphisms. Donald C Rio, Dept of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley. Bertrand Seraphin, CNRS-Centre de Génétique Moléculaire. In Vitro Study of the Exon-Junction Complex Assembly in Drosophila. David H. Raulet, Dept of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley. Eric Vivier, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy. The Role of Immune Receptors in Vivo. Georges F. Smoot, Physics Dept., UC Berkeley. James G. Barlett, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie. Precision Cosmology from CMB Analysis. Eva Harris, School of Public Health, UC Berkeley. Chris Mueller, INSERM-CNRS. Infection of dermal dendrocytes with clinical isolates of dengue virus. Daniel S. Chemla, Physics Dept, UC Berkeley. Jerome Tignon, Ecole Normale Supérieure, LPMC. Condensation des polaritons de microcavité de semiconducteurs. Roland Burgmann, Dept of Earth and Planetary Science, UC Berkeley. Edouart Kaminski, Institut de Physique du Globe, Université Paris VII. Seismic anisotropy in the San Andreas Sear Zone. William A. Lesler, Dept of Chemistry, UC Berkeley. Michel Caffarel, Laboratoire de ChimieThéorique, CNRS-Université Paris VI. Quantum Monte carlo for Molecules. Barry Sinervo, Dept of ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UC Santa-Cruz. Michael Hochberg,CNRS-Institut des Sciences et de l’Evolution, Université de Montpellier II. Potential Role of social interactions in the speciation process. Sam Krucker, Space Sciences Laboratory, UC Berkeley Karl-Ludwig Klein, Observatoire de Paris, Section de Meudon New Coordinated Investigation of Accelerated Particule at the Sun and in the Interplanetary Medium. Kunxin Luo, Dept of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley Alain Mauviel, INSERM Blocking of Fibrosis by smad co-repressor.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

145

Funded Projects

2003

James Casey, Dept of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley. Gerard Maugin, Laboratoire de Modélisation en Mécanique, Paris VII. Application of Modern Concepts of Nonlinear Continuum Mechanics to Some Problems of Biomechanics: Growth, Remodeling. Filip Filippou (Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, UC Berkeley) Jacky Mazars (Laboratoires Sols, Solides, Structures, Institut Natonial Polytechnique Grenobel) “High Performance Modeling of Shear Failure of Concrete Columns under Earthquake Excitations”. Patrick V. Kirch (Anthropology Department, UC Berkeley) Jean-Louis Rallu (Institut National Etudes Demographiques Paris) Long-Term Demographic Evolution in French Polynesia: an Interdisciplary Approach. Sengupta Raja, Dept of Civil and Environment Engineering, UC Berkeley. Stavros Tripakis, Verimag-CNRS. Service networks - intelligent middleware for distributed applications. Peter Yu, Physics Department, UC Berkeley Adnen Mlayah, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse “Optical Scattering from quantum dots nanostructures”. Ali Sakouri, Eletrical Engineering Department, UC Santa-Cruz Stefan Dilhaire, CPMOH-Université Bordeaux 1 Caractérisation optique de micor-réfrigérateurs par des techniques interférométriques et réflectométriques femtosecnodes. Claire Kramsch, German Department, UC Berkeley Geneviève Zarate, Institut National des Langues et Civilisations orientales Language, culture and identity in second/foreign language learning and teaching an interdisciplinary workshop. Diane Marie Arman, School of Law, UC Davis Mireille Delmas-Marty, Collège de France, Unité Mixte de Recherche de Droit Comparé de Paris International Criminal Justice and Common Values of Humanity.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

146

Funded Projects

2004

Gerson Goldhaber, Physics Department University of California Berkeley Reynald Pain, LPNHE, Université Paris VI & VII Measuring the Cosmic Vacuum Energy. Piedong Yang, Department of Chimistry, University of California Berkeley François Lagugne-Labarthet, LPCM, UMR5803 CNRS Bordeaux Spectroscopy of one -dimensional semiconductor nanostructures. A.R.Flegal,Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz A.Veron, CEREGE, UMR6635, CNRS Université Aix-Marseille III Coral Reconstruction of rapid Changes in Air Mass and Ocean Circulation in the North Atlantic within the Past 200 Years Robert Knapp, Department of Classics, University of California Berkeley Vincent Jolivet, Ecole Française de Rome, CNRS Rome Etruscan Sarcophagi from Musarna in the Berkeley Museum. Joseph Campos, Institute of Human Developement, University of California, Berkeley Marianne Barbu-Roth, LPBD, Ecole pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris Are Newborns prgrammed to Walk on the Earth? Judith Klinman, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley Marius Réglier, CNRS 7517, Université d’Aix-Marseille 02 Activation in Metallobiochemistry: Probes for the Functional Copper-Oxygen Species in the Neuroactive Enzymes, DbM and PHM. Nitash P.Balsara, Depart. of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley Carlos Marques UMR CNRS-ULP 7506, Institut de PHysique Strasbourg Self-Assembly of Monodisperse Vesicles: Answering the Challenge by Block Copolymer Design. Vittal Yachandra, Physical Biosciences Division, LBNL Berkeley Sun Un, CNRS URA 2096, CEA Saclay Single Crystal Multifrequency EPR and EXAFS Studies of Multinuclear Mn Complexes Relevant to the Oxygen-Evolving Complex in Photosystem II. Bob B.Buchanan,Depart. Plant & Microbial Biology University of California, Berkeley Françoise Montrichard, UMR 1191 INH INRA Universitée dÁngers Exploring the Mechanism of Germination in Leguminous Seeds. Brigitta Whaley, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley Alexandra Viel, UMR 56+26 IRSAMC, Université Toulouse Atomic and Molecular Probes of Superfluids. Dominic Massaro, Department of Psychology UC Santa Cruz Yves Laprie, LORIA CNRS UMR 7503, 54600 Villers-les-Nancy Improving the Labial Coarticulation in Talking Heads.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

147

Funded Projects

2004

Tonya Kuhl, Depart. Of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis Philippe Richetti, CNRS, centre de recherche Blaise Pascal, Université Bordeaux Static and Dynamic properties of Self-Assembled Surfactant Layers and Associative Polymers. Richard Harland, Molecular & Cellular Biology ,University of California, Berkeley Anne-Hélène Monsoro-Burq, UMR146, CNRS Institut Curie, Orsay Gene Profiling in Early Neural Crest Development. Dean Toste, Department of Chemmistry, University of California, Berkeley Jean-Marc Campagne, ICSN, CNRS Gif sur Yvette Synthesis of Bioactive Polyol Natural Product by Catalytic Asymmetric Mukaiyama Adool and Olefin Hydration. Anne Britt, Plant Biology Department, University of California, Davis Marie-Edith Chaboute, IBMP/CNRS Universite Louis Pasteur Strasbourg Plant Response to Replication Stress.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

148

Funded Projects

2005

Ehud Isacoff , Dept. Of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley Serge Charpak , Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, ESPCI/INSERM Paris, France Manipulation and Detection of Olfactory Functions. Nilabh Shastri, Dept of Molecular and Cell Biology UC Berkeley Philippe Pierre, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy UMR 6102 INSERM CNRS Marseille, France Criptic Antegenic Peptide Processing in Dendritic Cells. Paulo J. M. Monteiro , Dept Civil and Environmental Engineering UC Berkeley Olivier P.Coussy, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées ENPC- 6-8 Av. Blaise Pascal - Cité Descartes, Marne-laVallée, France Minimization Of the Stresses Generated By Ice Formation In Concrete. Rachel A Segalman, Department of Chemical Engineering, UC Berkeley Cyril Brochon, Dept. de Polymeres Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Strasbourg, France Nanopatterning and Electrical Properties of Insulated Molecular Wires. Pamela Ronald, Department of Plant Pathology, UC Davis Valérie Verdier, Institut de la Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 5096 IRD/CNRS, Perpignan, France Characterization of rice T-DNA mutants for their reaction to bacterial blight disease using genome expression profiling. Dan I. Slobin, Department of Psychology UC Berkeley Maarten Lemmens, Université Lille 3, U.F.R. Angellier, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France Experimental Investigations Into Language Typology. Randy Schekman, Dept. of Mol. and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley Bruno Antonny, CNRS Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France Architecture of the COPII coat and mechanisms of vesicle formation. Jonathan Beecher, History Department, UC Santa Cruz Jean-Claude Zancarini, ENS Lettres & Sciences Humaines, Lyon, France The Reception of Social Theories in the 19th Century in France and the United States. Sergey Nuzhdin, Section of Evolution & Ecology, UC Davis Pierre Capy, Laboratoire Populations, Génétique et Evolution, Gif-sur-Yvette, France Genomics of incipient speciation in Drosophila melanogaster. Costas Grigoropoulos, Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley Jean-Jacques Greffet, Lab EM2C, Ecole Centrale, Chatenay-Malabry, France Nanoscale Heat Transfer. Barbara A. Romanowicz, Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, UC Berkeley Jean-Pierre Vilotte, Département de Sismologie Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, France Spectral Element Method implementation for regional tomography of the earth’s upper mantle.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

149

Funded Projects

2005

Peter J. Bickel, Department of Statistics,UC Berkeley Alexandre Tsybakov,Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires, Université Paris 6, CNRS UMR 7599, Paris. How can prediction be possible when data are high dimensional? Charles J. Fillmore, Department of Linguistics, UC Berkeley Laurent Romary, Lab. Recherche Informatique et Applications, Universite Vandoeuvre -les-Nancy, France Putting Semantics into the Trees: Towards a french FrameNet. Robert Tjian, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, UC Berkeley Olivier Bensaude, CNRS UMR 8541-Ecole Normale Superieure - Regulation de L’Expression Génétique, Paris Imaging of the Eukaryotic Transcription Machinery in Living Cells. John Bowek, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Michael Meyer, Lab. d’Interaction du Rayonnement X avec la Matière; Centre Universitaire Paris-Sud, Orsay, France Fundamental Photoionization Processes In Excited Isolated Species. Beshara Doumani, Department of History, UC Berkeley Randi Deguilhem, CNRS, IREMAM-MMSH, Aix- en- Provence, France Who Controlled the Ottoman Legal System? Professions and Power Configurations in the Imperial and Provincial Courts (18th-20th centuries.) Wen-hsin Yeh, Department of History, UC Berkeley Christian Henriot, Institut d’Asie Orientale (UMR5062), Ecole Normale Supérieure L&S, Lyon, France Visual Documents in the Study of Modern China. Roberto Horowitz, Dept mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley Carlos Canudas-de-Wit, Lab. D’Automatique de Grenoble, St martin d’Heres, France Towards coordinated and traffic reponsive ramp metering strategies. Neil Hunter, Center for Genetics and Development,Section of Microbiology, UC Davis Bernard De Massy, Institut de Génétique Humaine, UPR1142/CNRS, Montpellier, France The Crossing-Over Pathway during Meiosis in Mouse.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

150

Funded Projects

2006

Alessandra Lanzara, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Matteo D'Astuto, Institut de Mineralogie et Physique des Milieux Condenses, Universite Pierre et marie Curie, Paris 6. Electron phonon interaction in new intercalated layered systems. R ebecca Heald, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley. Andreas Merdes, CNRS Toulouse, France In vitro approaches to study muscle morphgenesis. Gary Karpen, Department of Genome Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. G. Almouzni, Institut Curie, Paris , France High-resolution analysis of mouse centromeric heterochromatin organization. Barry Eichengreen, Department of Economics, UC Berkeley. Marc Flandreau, Department of Economics, Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris. International Currencies in Theory and History. James R. Graham, Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley. Garpard Duchêne, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique, Observatoire de Grenoble, Grenoble. Studying the properties of protoplanetary disks across wide ranges of stellar ages and masses. Diane M. Beckles, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis. Nadia Bertin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Avignon, France Analysis of carbon allocation in transgenic tomatoes via molecular and ecophysiological approaches. Andrew Chisholm, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Santa Cruz. Jonathan Ewbank, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France A kinase linking autophagy and innate immunity in C. elegans. Peter C. Vollhardt, Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley. Corinne Aubert, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6, France. Preparation of Diborylcyclohexadienes and their Application in the Synthesis of Complex Molecules. Samuel S. Mao, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley. Jin Yu, Laboratoire de Spectometrie Ionique et Moleculaire, Physics Department, Universite Lyon 1, France. Femtosecond laser ablation and standoff elemental analysis with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Martin Banks, Vision Science, University of California Berkeley. Pascal Mamassian, Institut de Psychologie, Universite de Paris 5, Boulogne-Billancourt, France Time Course of Adjustment in Picture Viewing. Chin-Fu Tsang, Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Yves Gugliemi, Geosciences Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France Superimposed effects of surface temperature variations and aquifer free-water surface oscillations on rock slope stability - a unique field xperiment analyzed by advanced coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical modelling approaches.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

151

Funded Projects

2006

Nelson Max, Department of Computer Science, University of California Davis, Livermore. Fabrice Neyret, Equipe Evasion, INRIA, Saint Ismier, France. Real-time realistic rendering of clouds. Marian Feldman, Department of Near Eastern Studies, University of California Berkeley. Michele Casanova, Departement Histoire de l'Art, Universite de Rennes 2, Haute-Bretagne, France. Luxury Goods: Production, Exchange, and Heritage in the Near East during the Bronze and Iron Ages. Jose Renau, Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz Albert Cohen, INRIA,Universite Parc Club Orsay, Orsay, France Thread-Level Speculation. Christos H. Papadimitriou, EECs, University of California Berkeley. Nicolas Sourlas, Departement de Physique, Ecole Normale Superieure Paris, France. Inference in Graphical Models and Multi-user Communications: Algorithms, Complexity, and Large System Analysis. Ramon Grosfoguel, Department of Ethnic Studies, UC Berkeley. Michel Wieviorka, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris, France Recent Migrations, Colonial Heritage and Cultural Recompositions. Sharmila Majumdar, Department of Bioengineering, UC Berkeley. Francoise Peyrin, CREATIS, INSA, Lyon, France Synchrotron Radiation micro Computed Tomography: Analysis of Bone Quality. Xixi Zhao, Department of Earth Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz. Mireille Perrin, Laboratoire de Tectonophysique, Universite de Montpellier, France. Intensity of the Earth's magnetic field during the Miocene. Junko Yano, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Elodie Anxolabehere-Mallart, Institut de Chimie Moleculaire et des Materiaux d'Orsay, Universite de Paris-Sud. Biomimetic Manganese Complexes for Water Oxidation.

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

152

APPENDIX II

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

153

Projects by Field of Research

Applied Sciences

Alessandra Lanzara, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Matteo D'Astuto, Institut de Mineralogie et Physique des Milieux Condenses, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6. Electron phonon interaction in new intercalated layered systems. 2006 Gary Karpen, Department of Genome Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. G. Almouzni, Institut Curie, Paris , France High-resolution analysis of mouse centromeric heterochromatin organization. 2006 Diane M. Beckles, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis. Nadia Bertin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Avignon, France Analysis of carbon allocation in transgenic tomatoes via molecular and ecophysiological approaches. 2006 Peter J. Bickel, Department of Statistics,UC Berkeley Alexandre Tsybakov,Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires, Université Paris 6, CNRS UMR 7599, Paris. How can prediction be possible when data are high dimensional? 2005 Piedong Yang, Department of Chimistry, University of California Berkeley François Lagugne-Labarthet, LPCM, UMR5803 CNRS Bordeaux Spectroscopy of one -dimensional semiconductor nanostructures 2004 Joseph Campos, Institute of Human Developement, Univerty of California, Berkeley Marianne Barbu-Roth, LPBD, Ecole pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris Are Newborns prgrammed to Walk on the Earth? 2004 Dean Toste, Department of Chemmistry, University of California, Berkeley Jean-Marc Campagne, ICSN, CNRS Gif sur Yvette Synthesis of Bioactive Polyol Natural Product by Catalytic Asymmetric Mukaiyama Adool and Olefin Hydration 2004 Sandrine Dutoit, School of Public Health Jean-daniel Zucker, CNRS- STIC team, Universite Paris XIII OBELINK: Combining Machine Learning and Biostatics to Discover Significant Obesity related genetics Polymorphisms 2003 Donald C. Rio, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley Bertrand Seraphin, CNRS- Centre de genetique Moleculaire In Vitro Study of the Exon-Junction Complex Assembly in Drosophila 2003 FBF Annual Report 2006-2007 2002

154

Projects by Field of Research

Applied Sciences

Ronald Amundson, Division of Ecosystem Sciences, UC Berkeley Isabelle Basille, CEREGE-Universite Aix-Marseille III Carbon Cycle in Soils; Role of Oragnic Matter. 2002 Slawek Tulaczyk, Department of Earth Sciences, UC Santa Cruz Catherine Ritz, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Geophysique de l’Environnement Possible Near-Future Break-up of the Ross Ice Shelf and Other Forms of Unstable Behavior of the Antartic Ice Sheet: Evaluating the Impact of Decreasing Ice Discharge from The Ice Streams. 2002 Christos Papadimitriou, Computer Science Division, UC Berkeley Evripidis Bampis, Laboratoire de Méthodes Informatiques, Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne MULT-APPROX: Multiobjective Optimization and Approximation. 2001 Saul Perlmutter, Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Pierre Antilogus, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon Nearby Supernova Factory Project (Software). 2001 Ali Belkacem, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL Joseph Remillieux, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon Experimental Studies of Vacuum-Assisted Photoionization. 2000 Carole Meredith, Dept. of Viticulture and Enology, UC Davis Jean-Michel Boursiquot, ENSA, Montpellier DNA Profiling and Parentage Analysis of Grape Varieties Held in the INRA Collection at Domaine de Vassal. 2000 Richard Scheffler, School of Public Health, UC Berkeley Christine Huttin, Université de Paris X-Nanterre The Growth of Private Insurance and Managed Care in France: Insights from the American Experience. 2000 Norman Terry, Dept. of Plant and Microbial Biology, UC Berkeley Jean-Claude Davidian, ENSA-INRA, Montpellier Mechanisms of Selenium Uptake, Sequestration and Resistance in Arabidopsis and Yeast Mutants. 2000 Robert BonDurant, School of Veterinary Medecine, UC Davis Francis Fieni, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes Transmission of Cae Retrovirus Via Breeding Technologies in Dairy Goats. 1999 FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

155

Projects by Field of Research

Applied Sciences

Daniel S. Chemla, Materials Sciences Division & ALS, LBNL Jérôme Tignon, Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Spectroscopie Optique Non Linéaire de Nanostructures de Semiconducteurs. 1999 James H. Underwood, Center for X-Ray Optics, LBNL Coryn Frank Hague, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Université de Paris VI Magneto-Optics of Polarized Soft X-Rays. 1999 Hiroshi Nikaido, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley Patrick Plésiat, Laboratoire Bacteriologie, Faculté Médecine, Université Franche-Comté, Besançon Characterization of a New Multidrug Efflux Pump in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 1998 Jeffrey Granett, Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis François Leclant, UFR d’Ecologie animale et de Zoologie agricole, ENSA-INRA, Montpellier Understanding Genetic Variability of Grape Phylloxera. 1998 Mack Kennedy, Center for Isotope Geochemistry, Earth Science Division, LBNL Simon Sheppard, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon Origin and Role of Fluids Involved in Active Faulting. 1998 Frank McLarnon, Department of Chemical Engineering, UC Berkeley Françoise Argou, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, Pessac Application of Advanced Optical Techniques for Probing Interfacial Electrochemical Processes. 1997 Brian Staskawicz, Department of Plant Biology, UC Berkeley Ulla Bonas, Institut des Sciences Végétales, Gif-sur-Yvette Identification and Characterization of Novel Genes for Disease Resistance in Capsicum annum. 1997 Ali Belkacem, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National laboratory Joseph Remillieux, Institut de Physique Nucléaire et Université Lyon I Production and Study of Exotic Atoms. 1996 Alexandre J. Chorin, Department of Mathematics, UC Berkeley Denis Talay, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique, Sophia Antipolis Les systèmes de particules aléatoires et les applications numeriques en mécanique des fluides. 1996

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

156

Projects by Field of Research

Applied Sciences

Russell Jones, Department of Plant Biology, UC Berkeley Raoul Ranjeva, Centre de Physiologie Végétale, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse Isolation and Characterization of Calcium Channels in Plants. 1996 C. Bradley Moore, Department of Chemistry, UC Berkeley Pascal Devolder, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille,Villeneuve d’Ascq Kinetic investigations of reactive systems by combined laser photolysis/tunable diode absorption spectroscopy and LIF. 1996 Hans Rudolf Wenk, Department of Geology & Geophysics, UC Berkeley. Michel Pernet, Laboratoire de Cristallographie - C.N.R.S., Grenoble Texture and Anisotropy. 1996 Catherine P. Koshland, School of Public Health, UC Berkeley Sebastien Candel, Laboratoire EM2C de L’ECP et du CNRS, Châtenay-Malabry A strategy to reduce emissions during thermal oxidation of hazardous wastes. 1995 Pravin Varaiya, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, UC Berkeley Joseph Sifakis, VERIMAG, Montbonnot Saint-Martin Analysis of Hybrid Systems: Application to the PATH Project. 1995 Y. R. Shen, Department of Physics, UC Berkeley E. Courtens, LSMV CC069, Université Montpellier II Non-linear optics in porous materials. 1995 Daniel S. Chemla, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Pierre Lefebvre, Groupe d’Étude des Semiconducteurs, Université Montpellier II Optical Properties of Nanostructures.Low-dimensional Excitonic Effects. 1995 Brian A. Barsky, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, UC Berkeley Jean Sequeira,Informatique, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Université Aix-Marseille II Geometric Modeling of the Cornea Using Videokeratography. 1994 David Dornfeld, Engineering Systems Research Center, UC Berkeley Serge Tichkiewitch, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Nancy Intégration des Procédés de Fabrication en Conception de Produits. 1994 FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

157

Projects by Field of Research

Applied Sciences

Steven G. Louie, Department of Physics, UC Berkeley Gerard Martinez, Physics, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Electron Correlation Effects in Condensed Matter System as the Newly Discovered Fullerene-based Materials. 1994 Barbara Romanowicz, Department of Geology & Geophysics, UC Berkeley Professor Foidvaux, École Normale Supérieure, Paris Global Geophysics. 1994

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

158

Projects by Field of Research

Exact Sciences

Rebecca Heald, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley. Andreas Merdes, CNRS Toulouse, France In vitro approaches to study muscle morphgenesis. 2006 James R. Graham, Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley. Garpard Duchêne, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique, Observatoire de Grenoble, Grenoble, France Studying the properties of protoplanetary disks across wide ranges of stellar ages and masses. 2006 Andrew Chisholm, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Santa Cruz. Jonathan Ewbank, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France A kinase linking autophagy and innate immunity in C. elegans. 2006 Neil Hunter, Center for Genetics and Development,Section of Microbiology, UC Davis Bernard De Massy, Institut de Génétique Humaine, UPR1142/CNRS, Montpellier, France The Crossing-Over Pathway during Meiosis in Mouse . 2005 John Bowek, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Michael Meyer, Lab. d’Interaction du Rayonnement X avec la Matière; Centre Universitaire Paris-Sud, Orsay, France Fundamental Photoionization Processes In Excited Isolated Species. 2005 Barbara A. Romanowicz, Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, UC Berkeley Jean-Pierre Vilotte, Département de Sismologie Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, France Spectral Element Method implementation for regional tomography of the earth’s upper mantle. 2005 Sergey Nuzhdin, Section of Evolution & Ecology, UC Davis Pierre Capy, Laboratoire Populations, Génétique et Evolution, Gif-sur-Yvette, France Genomics of incipient speciation in Drosophila melanogaster 2005 Randy Schekman, Dept. of Mol. and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley Bruno Antonny, CNRS Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France Architecture of the COPII coat and mechanisms of vesicle formation. 2005 Nilabh Shastri, Dept of Molecular and Cell Biology UC Berkeley Philippe Pierre, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy UMR 6102 INSERM CNRS Marseille, France Criptic Antegenic Peptide Processing in Dendritic Cells. 2005 FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

159

Projects by Field of Research

Exact Sciences

Ehud Isacoff , Dept. Of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley Serge Charpak , Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, ESPCI/INSERM Paris, France manipulation and Detection of Olfactory Functions. 2005 Robert Tjian, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, UC Berkeley Olivier Bensaude, CNRS UMR 8541-Ecole Normale Superieure - Regulation de L’Expression Génétique, Paris. Imaging of the Eukaryotic Transcription Machinery in Living Cells. 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, Physics Department University of California Berkeley Reynald Pain, LPNHE, Université Paris VI & VII Measuring the Cosmic Vacuum Energy 2004 A.R.Flegal, Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz A.Veron, CEREGE, UMR6635, CNRS Université Aix-Marseille III Coral Reconstruction of rapid Changes in Air Mass & Ocean Circulation in the North Atlantic within the Past 200 Years. 2004 Judith Klinman, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley Marius Réglier, CNRS 7517, Université d’Aix-Marseille 02 Activation in Metallobiochemistry: Probes for the Functional Copper-Oxygen Species in the Neuroactive Enzymes, DbM and PHM. 2004 Vittal Yachandra, Physical Biosciences Division, LBNL Berkeley Sun Un, CNRS URA 2096, CEA Saclay Single Crystal Multifrequency EPR and EXAFS Studies of Multinuclear Mn Complexes Relevant to the Oxygen-Evolving Complex in Photosystem II 2004 Bob B.Buchanan, Depart. Plant & Microbial Biology University of California, Berkeley Françoise Montrichard, UMR 1191 INH INRA Universitée dÁngers Exploring the Mechanism of Germination in Leguminous Seeds 2004 Brigitta Whaley, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley Alexandra Viel, UMR 56+26 IRSAMC, Université Toulouse Atomic and Molecular Probes of Superfluids 2004 Richard Harland, Molecular & Cellular Biology ,University of California, Berkeley Anne-Hélène Monsoro-Burq, UMR146, CNRS Institut Curie, Orsay Gene Profiling in Early Neural Crest Development 2004 FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

160

Projects by Field of Research

Exact Sciences

Anne Britt, Plant Biology Department, University of California, Davis Marie-Edith Chaboute, IBMP/CNRS Universite Louis Pasteur Strasbourg Plant Response to Replication Stress 2004 David H. Raulet, Dept of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley Eric Vivier, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy The Role of Immune Receptors in Vivo 2003 Georges F. Smoot, Physics Dept., UC Berkeley James G. Barlett, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie Precision Cosmology from CMB Analysis 2003 Eva Harris, School of Public Health, UC Berkeley Chris Mueller, INSERM-CNRS Infection of dermal dendrocytes with clinical isolates of dengue virus 2003 Daniel S. Chemla, Physics Dept, UC Berkeley Jerome Tignon, Ecole Normale Supérieure, LPMC Condensation des polaritons de microcavité de semiconducteurs 2003 Roland Burgmann, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, UC Berkeley Edouart Kaminski, Institut de Physique du Globe, Université Paris VII Seismic anisotropy in the San Andreas Sear Zone 2003 William A. Lesler, Department of Chemistry, UC Berkeley Michel Caffarel, Laboratoire de ChimieThéorique, CNRS-Université Paris VI Quantum Monte carlo for Molecules 2003 Barry Sinervo, Department of ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UC Santa-Cruz Michael Hochberg, CNRS-Institut des Sciences et de l’Evolution, Université de Montpellier II Potential Role of social interactions in the speciation process 2003 Kunxin Luo, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley Alain Mauviel, INSERM Blocking of Fibrosis by smad co-repressors 2003 FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

161

Projects by Field of Research

Exact Sciences

Peter Yu, Physics Department, UC Berkeley Adnen Mlayah, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse Optical Scattering from quantum dots nanostructures. 2003 A. Chatterjee, Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory A. Chetioui, University Pierre et Marie Curie, GPS Biological Consequences of inner-shell ionization events on DNA. 2002 Eugene Commins, Department of Physics, UC Berkeley Francois Combes, LERMA, Observatoire de Paris Supernovae and Dust : Following the Dusty from Galaxy Formation to Cosmological Parameters. 2002 Kurt Cuffey, Department of Geography, UC Berkeley Francois Vimeux, CR 2 Institute de Recherche pour le Développement - Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement Improved precipitation isotope analyses for climate change studies. 2002 John Gunion, Physics Department, UC Davis Ulrich Ellwanger, Theoretical Physics Laboratory, University de Paris-Sud Supersymmetric Higgs Bosons at the Large Hadron Collider. 2002 Kevan Shokat, Department of Chemistry, UC Berkeley Michael Sieweke, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille Luminy Role of subnuclear localization and complex formation of transcription factors in differentiation. 2002 Daniel Tataru, Department of Mathematics, UC Berkeley Patrick Gerard, Department of Mathematics, Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations and Geometry. 2002 Richard Saykally, Department of Chemistry, UC Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Claude Roth, Département d’Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris Investigating the Physiology of Natural Killer Cells by Nonlinear Chemical Imaging Nanomicroscopy. 2001 Hei Sook Sul, Dept. of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, UC Berkeley Axel Kahn, Institut Cochin de Génétique Moléculaire, INSERM Unité 129, Paris Regulation of Fatty Acid Synthase Promoter by AMP-dependent Protein Kinase. 2001 FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

162

Projects by Field of Research

Exact Sciences

Carl Pennypacker, Space Sciences Laboratory, UC Berkeley and LBNL Michel Boër, CNRS FRE 2194 Centre d’Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, Toulouse Developing an Internet-mediated Astronomy Research/Teacher Training Program for France, U.S. and other Nations. 2001 Douglas Kellogg, Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, UC Santa Cruz Robert Arkowitz, CNRS UMR 6543, Centre de Biochimie, Université de Nice G-protein Regulation of Growth Location. 2001 Deborah Delmer, Section of Plant Biology, UC Davis Herman Höfte, Laboratoire de Biologie, INRA, Versailles The Use of Arabidopsis Mutants to Trace the Path of Carbon into Cellulose in Plants. 2001 David Deamer, Dept of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UC Santa Cruz Marie-Christine Maurel, Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris VI Oligomerization of Thioglumatic Acid in Membrane Defined Microenvironments. 2001 Imke de Pater, Department of Astronomy, UC Berkeley Renée Prangé, Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université de Paris XI Monitoring and Study of Io’s Volcanic Activity. 2001 Jesús De Loera, Department of Mathematics, UC Davis András Sebö, CNRS Laboratoire Leibniz-IMAG, Grenoble Computer Algebra Methods in Graph Theory and Optimization. 2001 Jeffrey Long, Department of Chemistry, UC Berkeley Patrick Batail, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, Nantes Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Re6-nOsnSe8(n=1-3) Cluster-Organic Radical Salts. 2001 George Smoot, Department of Physics, UC Berkeley James Bartlett, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse Precision Cosmology from CMB Data Processing and Analysis Techniques. 2000 Qiang Zhou, Department. of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley Olivier Bensaude, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Functional Analysis of RNA-binding Activity of the Human Positive Transcription Elongation Factor, P-TEFb. 2000

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

163

Projects by Field of Research

Exact Sciences

Edward Berry, Physical Biosciences Division, LBNL Jean-Luc Popot, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris Crystallization of Cytochrome bc 1/amphipol Complexes. 2000 Carlos Bustamante, Depts. of Physics and Molecular and Cell Biology Malcolm Buckle, Institut Gustave Roussy, Paris RNA Polymerase Translocation: A Comparative Study using Rapid Footprinting, Surface Plasmon Resonance and Single Molecule Methodologies. 2000 Gerson Goldhaber, Supernova Cosmology Project, LBNL Reynald Pain, Universités de Paris VI et VII Measurement of the Cosmological Parameters Using Type 1a Supernovae. 1999 Mike Levine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley Christian Sardet, UMR 643 CNRS, Station Zoologique, Villefranche-sur-Mer Searching for Muscle Determinants in a Simple Chordate Embryo. 1999 Krishna K. Niyogi, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, UC Berkeley Michel Havaux, Dépt. d’Ecophysiologie Végétale et de Microbiologie, Commisariat à l’Energie Atomique/Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance Role of the Xanthophylls in the Protection of Plants from Photo-Oxidative Damage. 1999 Hendrik Lenstra, Department of Mathematics, UC Berkeley Leila Schneps, Laboratoire de Mathématiques, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon Galois Theory. 1998 Tito Serafini, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley Alain Chédotal, INSERM Unité 106, Paris “Neuronal Target Recognition and Synaptogenesis in the Mammalian Brain” 1999 Maciej Zworski, Department of Mathematics, UC Berkeley Frédéric Klopp, Institut Galilée, Université Paris-Nord, Villetaneuse Spectral and Scattering Theory 1999 Mark Strovink, Department of Physics, UC Berkeley Gregorio Bernardi, LPNHE, Universités de Paris VI et VII Search for Supersymmetric Decays of the Top Quark. 1998 FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

164

Projects by Field of Research

Exact Sciences

David Robin, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Jasques Laskar, Astronomie et Systèmes Dynamiques, Bureau des Longitudes, CNRS, Paris Application of Frequency Map Analysis to the Advanced Light Source 1998 Daniel Neumark, Department of Chemistry, UC Berkeley Benoit Soep, Laboratoire de Photophysique Moleculaire, Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay Time-Resolved Studies of Transition State Dynamics 1998 Xiaoye Sherry Li, NERSC, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Iain Duff, Parallel Algorithms Project, CERFACS, Toulouse Hybrid Ordering Algorithms for Sparse Direct and Iterative Solvers 1998 Mina J. Bissell, Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Edmond Puvion, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer, Villejuif Regulation of Gene Expression by Nuclear Architectural Organization: An Ultrastructural Analysis Combining a Unique 3-Dimensional Cell Culture System with Novel Electron Microscope Techniques. 1997 Thomas Broadhurst, Department of Astronomy, UC Berkeley James Bartlett, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, Université Louis Pasteur Large-Scale Structure and Galaxy Formation. 1997 William Danchi, Space Sciences Laboratory, UC Berkeley Jean Gay, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Nice High Angular Resolution and Mass Loss of Evolved Stars. 1997 Ralph Freeman, School of Optometry, UC Berkeley Yves Fregnac, Institut Alfred Fessard, Gif-sur-Yvette An Integrative Regulation of Functional Connectivity in the Developing & Adult Visual Cortex. 1997 Melvin Klein, Structural Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Jean-Jacques Girerd, Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay XAS (Xanes and EXAFS) Studies Coupled to Electro-Chemistry of Chemical Models of the Catalyticsite of the Oxygen Evolving Center PSII. 1997 Saul Perlmutter, Center for Particle Astrophysics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Reynald Pain, LPNHE, Universités Paris VI & VII Measurement of the Cosmological Parameters Using Type Ia Supernova. 1997 FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

165

Projects by Field of Research

Exact Sciences

Richard Saykally, Department of Chemistry, UC Berkeley Claude Leforestier, Lab. Structure et Dynamique des Systèmes Moléculaires et Solides, Université Montpellier II The Dynamics of a Nucleotide Base Hydration. 1997 John Canny, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, UC Berkeley Christian Laugier, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique, Grenoble Dynamic Simulation for TeleRobotics and Medical Applications. 1996 Forrest S. Mozer, Space Sciences Laboratory, UC Berkeley Raymond Pottelette, Centre d’Études des Environnements Terrestres et Planétaires, Saint-Maur-des- Fosses Study of Acceleration and Radiation Processes in Geospace Plasmas. 1996 Hans Georg Ritter, Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Barbara Erazmus, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et des Technologies Associées, Nantes Development of Tracking Methods for High-Energy Experiments. 1996 Marie-Agnès Deleplanque-Stephens, Nuclear Science Division, LB N L Gilles de France, Centre de Recherches Nucléaires, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg Study of Rotating Atomic Nucleus. 1996 Walter Alvarez, Department of Geology & Geophysics, UC Berkeley Bernard Beaudoin, CGES Sédimentologie, École des Mines de Paris Environmental Consequences of the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Event. 1995 Gérard Debreu, Department of Economics, UC Berkeley Bernard Cornet, CERSEM, Université de Paris I Mathematical Economics. 1995 Hiroshi Nikaido, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley Patrice Courvalin, Institut Pasteur, Paris “Role of Multi-Drug Efflux Pumps in Antibiotic Resistance of Gram-Positive Bacteria.” 1995 John Rhodes, Department of Mathematics, UC Berkeley Jean-Eric Pin (LITP/IBP, Université de Paris VII) Semigroups, Groups, Automata and Formal Languages. 1995

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

166

Projects by Field of Research

Exact Sciences

Richard Saykally, Department of Chemistry, UC Berkeley Claude Leforestier, Laboratoire de Chimie Théoretique, Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay Determination of the Intermolecular Pair Potential for Water - The Universal Biological Solvent. 1995 Eugene D. Commins, Department of Physics, UC Berkeley Marie-Anne Bouchiat, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, CNRS, Paris Violation de la parité dans les atomes: étude de l’interaction électrofaible électron-noyau par des méthodes optiques. 1994 Andrew Lange, Department of Physics, UC Berkeley François R. Bouchet, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, Paris Observations and Predictions of the Cosmological Background Anisotrophies. 1994 Steven G. Louie, Department of Physics, UC Berkeley Gerard Martinez, Physique, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Electron Correlation Effects in Condensed Matter System as the Newly Discovered Fullerene-based Materials. 1994 Kenneth Ribet, Department of Mathematics, UC Berkeley Eva Bayer Fluckiger, Laboratoire de Mathématique, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon Théorie des Nombres. 1994 Charles H. Townes, Department of Physics, UC Berkeley Jean Lefèvre, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Nice Étude de la perte de masse des étoiles évoluées. 1994

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

Projects by Field of Research

Engineering

Martin Banks, Vision Science, University of california Berkeley Pascal Mamassian, Institut de Psychologie, Universite de Paris 5, Boulogne-Billancourt. Time Course of Adjustment in Picture Viewing. 2006 Roberto Horowitz, Dept mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley Carlos Canudas-de-Wit, Lab. D'Automatique de Grenoble, St martin d'Heres, France Towards coordinated and traffic reponsive ramp metering strategies 2005 Costas Grigoropoulos, Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley Jean-Jacques Greffet, Lab EM2C, Ecole Centrale, Chatenay-Malabry, France Nanoscale Heat Transfer 2005 Rachel A Segalman, Department of Chemical Engineering, UC Berkeley Cyril Brochon, Dept. de Polymeres Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Strasbourg, France Nanopatterning and Electrical Properties of Insulated Molecular Wires 2005 Paulo J. M. Monteiro, Dept Civil and Environmental Engineering UC Berkeley Olivier P.Coussy, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées ENPC- 6-8 Av. Blaise Pascal - Cité Descartes, Marne-laVallée, France Minimization Of the Stresses Generated By Ice Formation In Concrete. 2005 Nitash P.Balsara, Depart. of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley Carlos Marques UMR CNRS-ULP 7506, Institut de PHysique Strasbourg Self-Assembly of Monodisperse Vesicles: Answering the Challenge by Block Copolymer Design. 2004 Tonya Kuhl, Depart. Of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis Philippe Richetti, CNRS, centre de recherche Blaise Pascal, Université Bordeaux Static and Dynamic properties of Self-Assembled Surfactant Layers and Associative Polymers. 2004 James Casey, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley Gerard Maugin, Laboratoire de Modélisation en Mécanique, Paris VII Application of Modern Concepts of Nonlinear Continuum Mechanics to Some Problems of Biomechanics. 2003 Sam Krucker, Space Sciences Laboratory, UC Berkeley Karl-Ludwig Klein, Observatoire de Paris, Section de Meudon New Coordinated Investigation of Accelerated Particules at the Sun and in the Interplanetary Medium. 2003 FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

168

Projects by Field of Research

Engineering

Filip Filippou, Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, UC Berkeley Jacky Mazars, Laboratoires Sols, Solides, Structures, Institut Natonial Polytechnique Grenoble High Performance Modeling of Shear Failure of Concrete Columns under Earthquake Excitations. 2003 Sengupta Raja, Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, UC Berkeley. Stavros Tripakis, Verimag-CNRS Service networks - intelligent middleware for distributed applications 2003 Ali Sakouri, Eletrical Engineering Department, UC Santa-Cruz Stefan Dilhaire, CPMOH-Université Bordeaux 1 Caractérisation optique micor-réfrigérateurs par des techniques interférométriques & t réflectométriques femtosecnodes. 2003 Louise Glass, Plant and Microbial Biology Department, UC Berkeley Corrine Clave, Laboratoire de Genetique Moleculaire des Champignons Comparative analysis of the programmed cell death reaction triggered by nonself recognition genes in two model fungal species. 2002 Edward Keller, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, UC Berkeley Laurent Goffard, CNRS Distributed Neural Control of Visual Saccades. 2002 Pravin Varaiya, Dept. of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, UC Berkeley Michel Diaz, Laboratoire d’Automatique et d’Analyse des Systèmes-CNRS, Toulouse End to End Transport Protocols for the New Generation Internet. 2001 Tonya Kuhl, Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, UC Davis Carlos Marques, LDFC-Institut de Physique, Université de Strasbourg Binding Dynamics of Tethered Ligand-Receptor Interactions. 2001 Kevin Healy, Dept. Bioengineering and Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering, UC Berkeley Véronique Migonney, Institut Galilée, Université de Paris XIII, Villetaneuse Peptide-modified heparin-like copolymers as biomimetic coatings for orthopaedic implants: synthesis, surface characterization, and biological response. 2001 Alexandra Navrotsky, Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, UC Davis Roger Marchand, Laboratoire “Verres et Céramiques,” Université de Rennes I Thermochemistry of a New Class of Inorganic Nitrogen-Containing Materials.” 2001 FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

169

Projects by Field of Research

Engineering

Stanley Berger, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley Francis Cassot, INSERM, Toulouse Numerical and Experimental Simulations of Cerebral Blood Flow for/and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRA and fMRI) 2000 Deborah Hopkins, Engineering Division, LBNL Joëlle Riss, CDGA, Université de Bordeaux I Micromechanics of Natural Rock Fractures under Shear Stress. 2000 Shankar Sastry, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, UC Berkeley Christian Laugier, Projet SHARP, INRIA Rhône-Alpes, Montbonnot Saint-Martin High-Fidelity Computer Simulations of Medical Procedures. 1999 Jonathan Shewchuk, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, UC Berkeley Marc Daumas, Laboratoire de l’Informatique du Parallelisme, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon Floating-point Multiple Precision Arithmetic for Adaptive Computation and Elementary Functions. 1999 Alistair Sinclair, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, UC Berkeley Claire Kenyon, LRI, Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay Phase Transitions and Computational Complexity. 1998 Robert Brayton, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, UC Berkeley Dominique Borrione, Laboratoire TIMA, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Multi-Standard Verification Environment for Digital Systems Design. 1997

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

170

Projects by Field of Research

Humanities / Social Sciences

Barry Eichengreen, Department of Economics, UC Berkeley. Marc Flandreau, Department of Economics, Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris, France International Currencies in Theory and History. 2006 Wen-hsin Yeh, Department of History, UC Berkeley Christian Henriot, Inst. d’Asie Orientale (UMR5062), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Lyon, France Visual Documents in the Study of Modern China. 2005 Charles J.Fillmore, Department of Linguistics, UC Berkeley Laurent Romary, Lab. de Recherche en Informatique et Applications, Université Nancy 2,Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Putting semantics into the trees : Towards a French FrameNet.. 2005 Dan I. Slobin, Department of Psychology UC Berkeley Maarten Lemmens, Université Lille 3, U.F.R. Angellier, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France Experimental Investigations Into Language Typology . 2005 Jonathan Beecher, History Department, UC Santa Cruz Jean-Claude Zancarini, ENS Lettres & Sciences Humaines, Lyon, France The Reception of Social Theories in the 19th Century in France and the United States. 2005 Beshara Doumani, Department of History, UC Berkeley Randi Deguilhem, CNRS, IREMAM-MMSH, Aix- en- Provence, France Who Controlled the Ottoman Legal System? Professions and Power Configurations in the Imperial and Provincial Courts (18th-20th centuries.) 2005 Robert Knapp, Department of Classics, University of California Berkeley Vincent Jolivet, Ecole Française de Rome, CNRS Rome Etruscan Sarcophagi from Musarna in the Berkeley Museum. 2004 Dominic Massaro, Department of Psychology UC Santa Cruz Yves Laprie, LORIA CNRS UMR 7503, 54600 Villers-les-Nancy Improving the Labial Coarticulation in Talking Heads. 2004 Claire Kramsch, German Department, UC Berkeley Genevieve Zarate, Institut National des langues et Civilisations Orientales language, Culture, Identtity in Secondary/Foreign Language learning and Teaching: An Interdisiplinary Workshop. 2003

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

171

Projects by Field of Research

Humanities / Social Sciences

Patrick V. Kirch, Anthropology Department, UC Berkeley Jean-Louis Rallu, Institut National d’Etudes Demographiques Paris Long Term Demographic Evolution in French Polynesia: An Interdisciplinart Approach. 2003 Agnes Gellen, Department of Philosophy, UC Berkeley Elise Domenach, Dep[artment of Philosophy, Universite de Picardie, Jules Verne Kant’s Trans-Atlantic Legacy of Skepticism. 2002 Larry Hyman, Department of Linguistics, UC Berkeley Gerard Phillipson, INALCO paris, en delegation au Laboratoire Dynamique du Langage Linguistic Philogenies in the Bantu Domain. 2002 Jennifer Johnson-Hanks, Department of Demography, UC Berkeley Nathalie Picard-Tortorici , THEMA, Universite de Cergy-Pontoise New Approches to Fertility in West Africa. 2002 Tyler Stovall, Department of History, UC Berkeley Michel Giraud, CNRS/Universite des Antilles et de la Guyanne Stangers at Home: Carribean Immigrants in France and in the United States. 2002 Martin Wachs, Institute of Transportation Studies, City and Regional Planning, UC Berkeley Cynthia Ghorra-Gobin, CNRS-Paris, National Scientific Research Center Public Services and Organizational Innnovations: A French and American Perspective in the Transit System. 2002 Edmund Campion, Department of Music Composer in Residence, CNMAT Francois Paris, Centre International de Recherche Musicale CIRM/CNMAT Collaboration. 2002 Ethan Ligon, Dept. of Agricultural and Resource Economics, UC Berkeley Pierre Dubois, UFR d’Economie et de Sociologie Rurales, INRA, Toulouse Microeconomic Theory and Empirical Studies of Intra-Household Behavior in Developing Countries. 2001 Bronwyn Hall Department of Economics, UC Berkeley Jacques Mairesse, INSEE-CREST, Malakoff Economics, History and Law of Intellectual Property: Proposal for a Franco-American Conference. 2001

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

172

Projects by Field of Research

Humanities / Social Sciences

David Hult, Department of French, UC Berkeley Danielle Bohler, Langue et littérature françaises du Moyen Age, Université Michel de Montaigne Bordeaux III La Culture du Livre: naissance et transformations du lecteur depuis la fin du Moyen Age jusqu’au seuil de la modernité. 2001 Mark Franko, Department of Theater Arts, UC Santa Cruz Carlo Severi, Laboratoire d’Anthropologie sociale, EHESS, Collège de France Symbolic Actions: Ritual, Dance, Theater, Art. 2001 Sharon Daniel, Department of Film & Digital Media, UC Santa Cruz Karen O’Rourke, UFR d’Arts Plastiques et Sciences de l’Art, Université de Paris I Mapping the Database: Designing and Building Interdisciplinary, Non-Hierarchical, Dynamically Evolving Art/Information Systems. 2001 Wen-hsin Yeh, Dept. of History, UC Berkeley Christian Henriot, Institut d’Asie Orientale, Université Lumière Lyon II Shanghai in Images: A Historical Photographic Database (1840-1949). 2000 John Radke, Geographic Information Science Center, UC Berkeley Didier Josselin, Laboratoire THEMA, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon A Boundary Generation System for Landscape Characterization. 2000 David Vogel, Haas School of Business, UC Berkeley Jabril Bensédrine, Economie et Gestion, Université de Marne-la-Vallée French and American Perspectives on Genetically-Engineered Food: Institutional Convergence and Divergence as Sources of Cooperation and Dispute. 2000 Nicholas Paige, Department of French, UC Berkeley Christian Biet, Institut d’Etudes théâtrales, Université de Paris X, Nanterre The Literature of Law: Judicial and Economic Culture, 1550-1789. 1999 Neil Fligstein, Department of Sociology, UC Berkeley Rémi Lenoir, Sociologie, Université de Paris I; CSEC-CSE/EHESS, Paris French Field Theory and American New Institutionalism: Building Theoretical Bridges. 1999 Patrick V. Kirch, Department of Anthropology, UC Berkeley Eric Conte, Université Française du Pacifique, Tahiti Prehistoric Polynesian Voyaging and Island Colonization: New Archaeological Perspectives 1999 FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

173

Projects by Field of Research

Humanities / Social Sciences

David Wessel, The Center for New Music and Audio Technologies, UC Berkeley Xavier Rodet, Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique, Paris Gestural Control of Musical Sound Synthesis. 1998 Gordon Rausser, College of Natural Resources, UC Berkeley Patrick Rio, UFR d’Economie et de Sociologie Rurales, INRA, Montpellier Multilateral Negotiations over Water Management in France and California. 1998 Sharon Marcus, Department of English, UC Berkeley Karen Bowie, Ecole d’Architecture de Paris Val-de-Marne, Charenton-le-Pont Forms of Urban Life in Paris, 1815-1851. 1998 Andrew Barshay, Department of History, UC Berkeley Jean-François Sabouret, Etudes Japonaises, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris 1968: Events and Legacies. 1998 Paula Fass, Department of History, UC Berkeley Agnes Fine, UFR d’Historia, Université de Toulouse Le Mirail A Comparative Analysis of ‘New Families’ in France and the United States. 1997 David Stronach, Department of Near Eastern Studies, UC Berkeley Frantz Grenet, École Normale Supérieure, Paris Workshop on Strategies for Joint Archaeological Excavation and Research in Central Asia. 1997 Michael Watts, Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley Gilles Allaire, UFR d’Économie et de Sociologie Rurales, INRA, Castanet-Tolosan Systems & Trajectories of Innovation: Institutions, Technology & Conventions in Agriculture Regulation. 1997 Paolo Mancosu, Department of Philosophy, UC Berkeley Hourya Sinaceur, Institut d’Histoire et Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques, Université Paris I Bernard Bolzano: Philosophy of Logic and Mathematics. 1997 Susanna Elm, Department of History, UC Berkeley Eric Rebillard, École Française de Rome, Rome Boundaries of Discourse: Establishing, Maintaining and Challenging ‘Orthodoxy’ in the History of Christianity. 1996

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

174

Projects by Field of Research

Humanities / Social Sciences

Mariane C. Ferme, Department of Anthropology, UC Berkeley Jean-Loup Amselle, Centre d’Études Africaines, EHESS, Paris Imperialism and Identity: Remapping the Cultural Politics of Representation. 1996 Sylvia Guendelman, School of Public Health, UC Berkeley Gérard Bréart, INSERM Unité 149, Paris A World on the Move: A Comparative Look at the Birth Outcomes of Immigrant Women in France, Belgium and the United States. 1996 Larry Karp,Department of Agricultural and Resource Sciences, UC Berkeley Thierry Paul, GREQAM-LEQAM, Université d’Aix-Marseille II, Les Milles Government Policy and Labor Market Imperfections. 1996 Margaret W. Conkey, Department of Anthropology, UC Berkeley Valerie Andrieux, Lab. de Botanique Historique et Palynologie, Fac Sciences saint Jerome Marseille between the Caves: Explorations into the Social Geopgraphy and Paleoenvironments of Late Ice Age Peoples of the French Midi-Pyrenees (Ariege/Haute Garonne). 1995 Ervin Hafter, Department of Psychology, UC Berkeley Anne-Marie Bonnel, CNRS-Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives Marseille Study of Deficit in Attention in the Diagnostic of Onset Psychosis. 1995 Laurent Mayali, Robbins Collection, School of Law, UC Berkeley Bernard Durand, Inst. d’Histoire du Droit , URA 966 CNRS, Université de Montpellier I Délinquance, justice et doctrine pénale ecclésiastique. 1995 Gene I. Rochlin, Institute of Governmental Studies, UC Berkeley Werner Ackermann, Centre de Sociologie des Organisations/CNRS, Paris “Cross-National Studies of the Sociology of Organizations: Fostering Cooperation on Methodological Coordination and Promoting Observational Inter-Comparisons.” 1995 Loic J.D. Wacquant, Department of Sociology, UC Berkeley Pierre Bourdieu, Sociologie, Collège de France, Paris Actualité et Modernité de la Pensée de Marcel Mauss. 1995

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

175

Projects by Field of Research

Humanities / Social Sciences

Larry M. Hyman, Department of Linguistics, UC Berkeley Jean-Marie Hombert, Linguistique, Université Lumière Lyon II Language as a Key to History. 1994 Tim D. White, Department of Integrative Biology, UC Berkeley Raymonde Bonnefille, Laboratoire de Géologie du Quarternaire, CNRS, Marseille Habitat of the Earliest Human Ancestors. 1995 Yale M. Braunstein, School of Library and Information Sciences, UC Berkeley Anne Mayère, Centre d’Études et de Recherche en Sciences de l’Information, ENSSIB, Villeurbanne User Fees for Government Information in France and the United States: Analysis of Current Policies and Practices. 1994 Suzanne Scotchmer, School of Public Policy, UC Berkeley Jacques-Francois Thisse, CERAS, Université de Paris I Cumulative Innovation and the Patent Law. 1994

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

176

Statistics

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

177

$180,000

Income 2001-2007

$160,000 $140,000 Years

$120,000 $100,000

Series1

$80,000 $60,000 $40,000 $20,000 $0 I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. 2000- 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 200607 06 05 04 03 02 01

I. 2006-07, $151,266

II. 2005-06, $132,446

III. 2004-05, $132,801

IV. 2003-04, $134,742

V. 2002-03, $114,100

I. 2006-07 II. 2005-06

VI. 2001-02, $152,899 VIII .Total, $964,625

III. 2004-05 IV. 2003-04 V. 2002-03 VI. 2001-02

VII. 2000-01, $146,371

VII. 2000-01 VIII .Total

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

178

Number of Projects vs. Grants 2003-2008

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Projects Grants

Applications By Campus 60 50 Berkeley

40

LBNL

30

Santa Cruz

20

Dav is

10 0

Projects by Sciences- 2003-2008 40 35 30 25

Humanities/Social Sciences Exact Sciences

20

Applied Sciences Engineering

15 10 5 0 1

2

3

4

5

6

FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

179

France-Berkeley Fund Institute of European Studies 203 Moses Hall, MC2316 University of California Berkeley, CA 94720-2316 tel: (510) 643-5799 fax: (510) 643-3372 [email protected] ies.berkeley.edu/fbf FBF Annual Report 2006-2007

180