Programmable Digital Signal Processors Architecture, Programming, and Applications edited by
Yu Hen Hu University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison, Wisconsin
Marcel Dekker, Inc.
New York • Basel
TM
Copyright © 2001 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
ISBN: 0-8247-0647-1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Headquarters Marcel Dekker, Inc. 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 tel: 212-696-9000; fax: 212-685-4540 Eastern Hemisphere Distribution Marcel Dekker AG Hutgasse 4, Postfach 812, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland tel: 41-61-261-8482; fax: 41-61-261-8896 World Wide Web http:/ /www.dekker.com The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in bulk quantities. For more information, write to Special Sales/Professional Marketing at the headquarters address above. Copyright 2002 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Current printing (last digit): 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
TM
Copyright n 2002 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Series Introduction Over the past 50 years, digital signal processing has evolved as a major engineering discipline. The fields of signal processing have grown from the origin of fast Fourier transform and digital filter design to statistical spectral analysis and array processing, image, audio, and multimedia processing, and shaped developments in highperformance VLSI signal processor design. Indeed, there are few fields that enjoy so many applications—signal processing is everywhere in our lives. When one uses a cellular phone, the voice is compressed, coded, and modulated using signal processing techniques. As a cruise missile winds along hillsides searching for the target, the signal processor is busy processing the images taken along the way. When we are watching a movie in HDTV, millions of audio and video data are being sent to our homes and received with unbelievable fidelity. When scientists compare DNA samples, fast pattern recognition techniques are being used. On and on, one can see the impact of signal processing in almost every engineering and scientific discipline. Because of the immense importance of signal processing and the fast-growing demands of business and industry, this series on signal processing serves to report up-to-date developments and advances in the field. The topics of interest include but are not limited to the following: · · · · · · ·
Signal theory and analysis Statistical signal processing Speech and audio processing Image and video processing Multimedia signal processing and technology Signal processing for communications Signal processing architectures and VLSI design
v
TM
Copyright n 2002 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Signal Processing and Communications Editorial Board Maurice G. Ballanger, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Paris Ezio Biglieri, Politecnico di Torino, Italy Sadaoki Furui, Tokyo Institute of Technology Yih-Fang Huang, University of Notre Dame Nikhil Jayant, Georgia Tech University Aggelos K. Katsaggelos, Northwestern University Mos Kaveh, University of Minnesota P. K. Raja Rajasekaran, Texas Instruments John Aasted Sorenson, IT University of Copenhagen
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
TM
Digital Signal Processing for Multimedia Systems, edited by Keshab K. Parhi and Takao Nishitani Multimedia Systems, Standards, and Networks, edited by Atul Puri and Tsuhan Chen Embedded Multiprocessors: Scheduling and Synchronization, Sundararajan Sriram and Shuvra S. Bhattacharyya Signal Processing for Intelligent Sensor Systems, David C. Swanson Compressed Video over Networks, edited by Ming-Ting Sun and Amy R. Reibman Modulated Coding for Intersymbol Interference Channels, Xiang-Gen Xia Digital Speech Processing, Synthesis, and Recognition: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Sadaoki Furui Modern Digital Halftoning, Daniel L. Lau and Gonzalo R. Arce Blind Equalization and Identification, Zhi Ding and Ye (Geoffrey) Li Video Coding for Wireless Communication Systems, King N. Ngan, Chi W. Yap, and Keng T. Tan Adaptive Digital Filters: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Maurice G. Bellanger Design of Digital Video Coding Systems, Jie Chen, Ut-Va Koc, and K. J. Ray Liu
Copyright n 2002 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
13. 14. 15. 16.
Programmable Digital Signal Processors: Architecture, Programming, and Applications, edited by Yu Hen Hu Pattern Recognition and Image Preprocessing: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Sing-Tze Bow Signal Processing for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy, edited by Hong Yan Satellite Communication Engineering, Michael O. Kolawole
Additional Volumes in Preparation
TM
Copyright n 2002 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Preface
Since their inception in the late 1970s, programmable digital signal processors (PDSPs) have gradually expanded into applications such as multimedia signal processing, communications, and industrial control. PDSPs have always played a dual role: on the one hand, they are programmable microprocessors; on the other hand, they are designed specifically for digital signal processing (DSP) applications. Hence they often contain special instructions and special architecture supports so as to execute computation-intensive DSP algorithms more efficiently. This book addresses various programming issues of PDSPs and features the contributions of some of the leading experts in the field. In Chapter 1, Kittitornkun and Hu offer an overview of the various aspects of PDSPs. Chapter 2, by Managuli and Kim, gives a comprehensive discussion of programming methods for very-long-instruction-word (VLIW) PDSP architectures; in particular, they focus on mapping DSP algorithms to best match the underlying VLIW architectures. In Chapter 3, Lee and Fiskiran describe native signal processing (a technique to enhance the performance of multimedia signal processing by general-purpose microprocessors) and compare various formats for multimedia extension (MMX) instruction. Chapter 4, by Tessier and Burleson, presents a survey of academic research and commercial development in reconfigurable computing for DSP systems over the past 15 years. The next three chapters focus on issues in software development. In Chapter 5, Wu and Wolf examine the pros and cons of various options for implementing video signal processing applications. Chapter 6, by Yu and Hu, details a methodology for optimal compiler linear code generation. In Chapter 7, Chen et al. offer
TM
Copyright n 2002 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
practical advice on proper design of multimedia algorithms using MMX instruction sets. Chapter 8, by Bhattacharyya, addresses the relationship between hardware synthesis and software design, focusing particularly on automated mapping of high-level specifications of DSP applications onto programmable DSPs. In Chapter 9, Catthoor et al. discuss critical, yet often overlooked, issues of storage system architecture and memory management. I would like to express my appreciation to the authors of each chapter for their dedication to this project and for their outstanding scholarly work. Thanks also go to chapter reviewers James C. Abel, Jack Jean, Konstantinos Konstantinides, Grant Martin, Miodrag Potkonjak, and Frederic Rousseau. Throughout this project, B. J. Clark, acquisitions editor, and Ray K. J. Liu, series editor, have provided strong encouragement and assistance. I thank them for their support and trust. I would also like to express my gratitude to Michael Deters, production editor, for his cooperation and patience. Yu Hen Hu
TM
Copyright n 2002 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Contents
Series Introduction Preface Contributors 1. Programmable Digital Signal Processors: A Survey Surin Kittitornkun and Yu Hen Hu 2. VLIW Processor Architectures and Algorithm Mappings for DSP Applications Ravi A. Managuli and Yongmin Kim 3. Multimedia Instructions in Microprocessors for Native Signal Processing Ruby B. Lee and A. Murat Fiskiran 4. Reconfigurable Computing and Digital Signal Processing: Past, Present, and Future Russell Tessier and Wayne Burleson 5. Parallel Architectures for Programmable Video Signal Processing Zhao Wu and Wayne Wolf
TM
Copyright n 2002 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
6. OASIS: An Optimized Code Generation Approach for Complex Instruction Set PDSPs Jim K. H. Yu and Yu Hen Hu 7. Digital Signal Processing on MMX Technology Yen-Kuang Chen, Nicholas Yu, and Birju Shah 8. Hardware/Software Cosynthesis of DSP Systems Shuvra S. Bhattacharyya 9. Data Transfer and Storage Architecture Issues and Exploration in Multimedia Processors Francky Catthoor, Koen Danckaert, Chidamber Kulkarni, and Thierry Omne`s
TM
Copyright n 2002 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Contributors
Shuvra S. Bhattacharyya Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, Maryland Wayne Burleson Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts Francky Catthoor Design Technology for Integrated Information, IMEC, Leuven, Belgium Yen-Kuang Chen Microprocessor Research Laboratories, Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, California Koen Danckaert Leuven, Belgium
Design Technology for Integrated Information, IMEC,
A. Murat Fiskiran Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey Yu Hen Hu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin Yongmin Kim Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
TM
Copyright n 2002 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Surin Kittitornkun Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin Chidamber Kulkarni Design Technology for Integrated Information, IMEC, Leuven, Belgium Ruby B. Lee Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey Ravi A. Managuli Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Thierry Omne`s Design Technology for Integrated Information, IMEC, Leuven, Belgium Birju Shah Microprocessor Research Laboratories, Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, California Russell Tessier Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts Wayne Wolf Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey Zhao Wu Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey Jim K. H. Yu* Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin Nicholas Yu Microprocessor Research Laboratories, Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, California
* Current affiliation: Tivoli Systems, Austin, Texas
TM
Copyright n 2002 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
