Cap color become very light (light grey-white). - Stipe becomes very thick. Under low temperature and low humidity. - Cap color becomes dark (dark brown).
Part II. Oyster Mushrooms Mushroom Growers’ Handbook
Chapter 8. Pest and Disease Management 183
Oyster Mushroom Cultivation Part II. Oyster Mushrooms Chapter 8 Pest and Disease Management
ABNORMALITIES IN FRUITING BODY
The formation and growth of fruiting bodies are sensitive to environmental conditions, such as temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, and moisture content in the mushroom substrate. Improper balance of these factors can induce fruiting body deformations.
Temperature and Relative Humidity Temperature and humidity affect the fruiting bodies’ shape. Optimal cultivation conditions vary with strains. The changes in the fruiting body shapes of an oyster mushroom strain at different conditions are described below. Optimal temperature and humidity for fruiting body formation of this mushroom is known as 13-16℃ and > 80%. High and low temperature indicates > 16℃ and < 12℃, respectively and high and low humidity indicates > 80% and < 60%. Under high temperature and high humidity - Cap/stipe ratio smaller (small cap/long stipe) - Cap color becomes lighter (grey-brownish grey) - Depression in the center Under high temperature and low humidity - Cap margin gets thinner and brittle - Cap turns into umbrella shape - Cap color become very light (light grey-white) - Stipe becomes very thick Under low temperature and low humidity - Cap color becomes dark (dark brown) - Stipe becomes thick or middle of stipe is swollen or barrel-shaped - Fruiting bodies grows very slowly and produces low yields Under low temperature and high humidity - Relatively strong color and strong fruiting bodies formed - Fruiting bodies grow slowly and the number of fruiting bodies reduced Copyright 2004 by MushWorld All rights reserved.
Part II. Oyster Mushrooms
Figure 1. Fruiting bodies at 60% (R.H.)
Chapter 8. Pest and Disease Management 184
Figure 2. Fruiting bodies at 90% (R.H.)
CO2 Concentration High carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration inside mushroom houses is one of the major causes of abnormality in fruiting bodies. Proper ventilation is needed in order to reduce CO2 concentration. However, too much air movement caused by excessive ventilation also induces abnormalities in fruiting body shapes. An increase of carbon dioxide concentration can decrease cap sizes and increase length of stipes. However, even stipes are short at CO2 concentrations of more than 0.5%.
A. CO2 concentration 0.03%
Table 1. Fruiting body shape at different CO2 concentration CO2 conc. (%) 0.03 0.1 0.3 0.5
Diameter of cap (mm) 6.5 3.4 2.4 0.6
Length of stipe (mm) 4.6 6.8 6.7 2.5
B. CO2 concentration 0.1%
Copyright 2004 by MushWorld All rights reserved.
Part II. Oyster Mushrooms
C. CO2 concentration 0.3%
Chapter 8. Pest and Disease Management 185
D. CO2 concentration 0.5%
Figure 3. Effect of CO2 concentration on mushroom morphology of P. ostreatus (Photo courtesy of Kap-Yeol Jang) Watering (Substrate Moisture Content)
Watering after primodium formation to maintain optimal moisture content in substrate is very important for the production of high yields of high quality oyster mushrooms. Disease usually increases with too much watering on cultivation beds (excessive moisture content). Too little watering reduces yields and induces abnormal shapes in fruiting bodies. Substrate blocks shrink and fruiting bodies become brown on dry cultivation beds, and new mycelia grow and many small new fruiting bodies are formed on old mushroom fruiting bodies.
A. Substrate was separated with box by shrinking
B. Browning of fruiting body
Copyright 2004 by MushWorld All rights reserved.
Part II. Oyster Mushrooms
C. Baby fruiting bodies formed on an old fruiting body body
Chapter 8. Pest and Disease Management 186
D. Baby fruiting bodies formed on an old fruiting
Figure 4. Oyster mushroom fruiting bodies with low substrate moisture content (Photo courtesy of Kap-Yeol Jang)
Locations near industrial complexes, waste incineration facilities, or sewage treatment plants should be avoided. Proximity to markets. Figure 3. Thatch ...
mushroom in China with a long fascinating history dating back over two thousand ... kidney shape (Photo courtesy of Henk. Voogt). Figure 2. Ganoderma bonsai ...
Corn fiber: In Japan, this waste product of cornstarch manufacture increased the yield very ... additive of 10% water hyacinth increased the production by 22%.
5%) because they can cause an increase of temperature in substrates during incubation that may. Oyster Mushroom Cultivation. Mushroom Growers' Handbook ...
diseases and pests is a key factor in successful mushroom production. The main ... More than 30 fungi are reported as casual agents of green mold disease on.
Growing mushroom requires a great deal of water and ensuring a sustainable water supply, especially during dry ... Locations near industrial complexes, waste incineration facilities, or sewage treatment plants should be avoided. Proximity to ...
The main nutritional sources for oyster mushroom are cellulose, ... widely performed method, bag cultivation provides stable yield with relatively few failures.
Figure 2. Effect of temperature on mushroom cap color of P. ostreatus strains ... At low temperatures, the color of the caps is light brown, but they turn pale with ...
The main nutritional sources for oyster mushroom are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. C/N ratio is important factor for optimal substrate composition for oyster ...
Part II. Oyster Mushrooms. Chapter 7. Cultivation Modes. LOG CULTIVATION ... their logs into 20cm long pieces a few days before inoculation to allow the logs to achieve ... temperature strains that form bunches easily and produce high yields.
hemicelluloses) and lignin for their growth. The mycelial growth of ... value, mycelial growth accelerates but produces an abnormal structure. Optimal pH for ...
In a narrow sense, the word mushroom also refers only to the fruitbody. ... requires carbon, nitrogen and inorganic compounds as its nutritional sources and the ...
training, and extension services to spawn production. State colleges ... eliminating pests also reduces the occurrence of soil-borne pathogens. Collection and ...Missing:
hair net/clean hair covering. 8. As agar media solidifies before pouring, clean the work surface in front of your laminar flow cabinet with isopropyl alcohol. Also ...
Growing Your Own Mushrooms : Cultivation, Cooking and Preserving by Jo. Mueller published by Storey Books. - International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms.
and technologies while offering a high and quick return on their money, ... Mushroom growing houses can be classified into two types: those built for ... resources are used as fuel for the boiler to steam the growing room with compost inside.
details and check the sequence of shiitake photos. Spawn run (mycelial growth ... The time of bump formation varies with strain, substrate and temperature. Bumps usually form 10 ..... Berkeley, CA : Ten Speed Press. - YU, C.B. 1998. Bi Yang ...
water, providing thermal isolation, serving as a line of defense against pathogens. ... straws, corn husks, used tea leaves and cotton wastes (2-5% proteins, 0.4-2.2% lipids and 32-37% ..... Treatment of Lignocellulosics with White Rot Fungi.
with a shading net. Light. Unlike mycelia, which do not require light, primordia are formed under light. Mushroom formation and growth stages require 80-210 lux ...
year is divided into two main seasons the hot and wet summer stretching ... distributed more or less evenly throughout the year and enjoy temperatures.
Though this is important for obtaining high yields, it is a very tricky and labor-intensive ... After 24 hours, move the substrate to a shelf, tray, or bags for spawning.
Prepare spawn using virus-free strain. Do not use any culture containing the viral particles. - Clean and disinfect thoroughly the growing house in which any viral ...
This results in a lot of sawdust waste that may cause serious environmental ... 1), because these pieces absorb water poorly and easily pierce ... treatments.
Oyster mushrooms are often grown without any environmental control. P. sajor-caju ... Incubation proceeds at room temperature for 20-21 days (Fig. 10), until the ...
