FRAME BUILDINGS WITH A HEAVY INTERNAL. WALL WITH A ... Night structure cooling with ventilated air gaps. ⢠TermoDeck : hollow ... DMIIV : timber frame internal wall with ventilated air gap. 1. Increasing .... advantages : noise, pollution, safety, heat transfer air/mass disadvantage : air ducts and connections. Future :.
IMPROVMENT OF SUMMER COMFORT IN TIMBER FRAME BUILDINGS WITH A HEAVY INTERNAL WALL WITH A VENTILATED AIR GAP
G. Fraisse , JL Kouyoumji et B. Souyri Laboratoire Optimisation de la Conception et Ingénierie de l’Environnement (LOCIE) Groupe Développement Énergétique Durable (DENED)
Research Project « Bois’Climatique »
SFTSFT-IBPSA, journé journée thé thématique Froid Solaire et Confort d’ d’Eté Eté , AixAix-lesles-Bains, 25 avril 2007
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INTRODUCTION Climate plan 2004 : TIMBER CONSTRUCTION • renewable material , 1m3 wood = 1T CO2 • less erection wastes Construction and environment wood plan • timber market : 12.5 % en 2010 RT2005 • consumption reduction (heating, air conditioning …) • summer comfort Timber frame : low inertia
summer discomfort : cooling
low energy consumption (factor 4) + low cost + simplicity / reliability Avoiding air conditioning : peak consumption+ green house effect (consumption and refrigerant leak)
2
1
NIGHT-TIME VENTILATION Classical approach : • 4-10 ach : cooling : 2 - 5°C • mechanical or natural ventilation (wind – stack effect) • performances : flow rate , (Tint-Text)Night , inertia, (Text)day/ night • drawback : external noise, pollution, intrusion Night structure cooling with ventilated air gaps • TermoDeck : hollow core slabs (4*1.2*0.3) – concrete • CoolDeck : ceiling fan + air gap between PCM / slab • DMIIV : timber frame internal wall with ventilated air gap 1. Increasing inertia – unmodified external envelope 2. Cooling : internal wall 3. Air flow doesn’t go inside 3
TermoDeck
Elizabeth Fry Building 4
2
CoolDeck
Stevenage Borough Council
PCM 5
DMIIV
FAN
Financed by ADEME-PUCA : “The use
of a heavy internal wall with a ventilated air gap to store solar energy and improve summer comfort in timber frame houses” (2003-2005) 6
3
Integration of the DMIIV house : G. Cuiller 212 m² - 5 bedrooms 13 rooms Modeling : TRNSYS Optimization : GenOpt
Summer comfort
House DM : DM1 House DMbis : DM1 + DM2 DMIIV : plaster + 10cm concrete + 5 cm air + 10cm concrete + plaster Ventilation : top to the bottom 7
Modeling : DMIIV + House Paroi 1
Paroi 2
φ1
Te
φ5
φ9 Ta
Kc1
Kc2
Tc
K1 Kr1
K2
K3
K4
K6
K5
K7
K8 Kr2
[
Trm
Type 202 (TRNSYS 16)
]
Tout = (α1 ⋅ T4 + α 2 ⋅ T6 ) ⋅ 1 − exp (− α 3 ⋅ H ) + Tin ⋅ exp (− α 3 ⋅ H )
Principe of the coupling : Type 202 + TYPE56
8
4
TRNSYS : Simulation Studio 8 DMIIV (TYPE 202)
TESS TRANSSOLAR STEC HYDROGEMS
Overhangs TYPE 56 (13 rooms)
1 Type = 1 DLL Fortran (IMSL) / C++ 155 : Matlab/simulink 62 : Excel TrnOpt : GenOpt 66 : EES 157 : COMIS 97 : CONTAM
Control Adaptive comfort Optimization Optimized parameters Performance criterion
STUDIED CASES Weather : Carpentras REF : reference house DM : house with DMIIV (DM1) : ventilated air gap DMbis : house with DMIIV (DM1 and DM2) : ventilated air gap M16 : DM1 = 16 cm (concrete) and classical night ventilation Other cases : REF-SC : REF without fixed shading (overhang) DM-NV : idem DM but without night ventilation M16-NV : idem M16 but without night ventilation DM-Reg : idem DM but with a simplified control algorithm 13
Control and Optimization Night ventilation control : (22h-7h during summer) { Tintmax(j)>Tintmax-set or Textmax (j) > Textmax-set } and { Tint > Text + ∆Tset } and { Text > Textset } and { Tint > Tintset } Simplified control : {Tint > Text + ∆Tset } Optimization : ⎛ ODH100 Perf = ⎜ ⎜ ODH100 ref ⎝
2
⎞ ⎛ Efan ⎟ +⎜ ⎟ ⎜ Efan ref ⎠ ⎝
⎞ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠
2
ODH100 = Σ (Tint-Tconf)² Tconf=a.Teref+b
Adaptive Comfort
14
7
Optimization results
Functioning : less often Lower flow rate Optimized parameters
• lower Fan consumption • ODH100 : increase
PERF
Perf : – 10 % 15
Cooling performance Tint > 28°C Night-ventilation SS
CH1
DMIIV
NV
> 0.9
floor
% (living-room and bedroom)
DMbis : low range (depth cooling)
T° CH1
DM-NV : -1°C for TCH1ref=36°C DM and M16 : -4°C RdC : + 4°C (without overhang) 16
CONCLUSION DMIIV without Night cooling : τ63%+10h and Tint –1°C max DMIIV + Night cooling : • timber frame unmodified • low consumption (COP = 5 and Tint – 4°C ) • advanced control : lower fan consumption (-27%) advantages : noise, pollution, safety, heat transfer air/mass disadvantage : air ducts and connections Future : • 2007 : end of the PREBAT feasibility study « Bois’Climatique » • Bois’Climatique 2 : real house - experimental validation (performances et models) - house : « RT2005 » or « passive » (INES) 18
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