NT Server
hardware ¾
system software ¾
BackupExec, pcAnywhere, NetShield, NTP, ...
domain & server layout ¾
Windows NT Server 4.0 & Compaq SmartStart
additional software ¾
Compaq Proliant servers
…
security ¾ ¾
global & local groups standard fileserver configuration A. GILBERT – IUT Lens – 2004
NT Server - Hardware ¾
Compaq Proliant MLxxx/DLxxx servers ¾ ¾
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Compaq Smart Array 5302/64 RAID Controller ¾ ¾
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933 Mhz (1 Ghz now available) 512 MB memory Ultra3, 64MB, dual channel RAID Advanced Data Guarding (ADG)
RAID1 system volume with 9 GB disks RAID5 data volume(s) with 36 GB disks DLT streamer 40/80 RIB/LightsOut A. GILBERT – IUT Lens – 2004
Compaq Proliant ML370R
A. GILBERT – IUT Lens – 2004
Compaq Proliant DL380R
A. GILBERT – IUT Lens – 2004
Compaq Proliant ML570R
A. GILBERT – IUT Lens – 2004
NT Server - System software
Windows NT Server 4.0 Compaq SmartStart installation ¾
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SmartStart = 2 CDs with Compaq system software, drivers, documentation, management agents, … current version : v4.90 (includes support for Windows 2000 Server and Windows 2000 Advanced Server) configures Compaq hardware, loads optimized drivers and assists with software installation replication configuration to install identical hardware/software A. GILBERT – IUT Lens – 2004
NT Server - System software
Compaq SmartStart installation ¾
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auto-detect and configure server hardware and drive arrays (allows disk carving prior to installation of NT Server) install Operating System (Windows NT Server CD from Microsoft used) install the latest Compaq-optimized drivers, ROMpaqs and management agents (DEMO SSD) deploy and maintain multiple servers using Integration Server test Compaq server hardware create support software diskettes to update drivers includes Compaq Insight Manager (XE), and Compaq Active Update A. GILBERT – IUT Lens – 2004
NT Server - System software
Compaq SmartStart installation ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾
optimize hardware and software configuration eliminate frustrating installation errors ensure installation of correct Compaq drivers streamline installation of operating system and other key system software save time simplify standardisation of server setup auto-install Compaq Server Management Agents A. GILBERT – IUT Lens – 2004
NTServer - System software
installation without SmartStart ¾
Microsoft Windows 4.0 Terminal Server Edition ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾
not supported by SmartStart (v4.80) requires starting SmartStart with the manual option abort SmartStart installation procedure when O.S. installation starts create bootable diskettes from Terminal Server CD create driver diskettes for specific Compaq hardware manual installation of Terminal Server manual installation of Compaq specific hardware manual installation of additional Compaq drivers, agents, ... A. GILBERT – IUT Lens – 2004
NT Server - System software
typical SmartStart installation session ¾ ¾
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boot from SmartStart CD & erase system config, RAID controller config, etc… boot from SmartStart CD, starting hardware configuration (system date&time, detect hardware & request information, e.g. RIB settings, ASR settings, installation from CD or Integration Server, …) runs Compaq Array Configuration software, allowing config of RAID physical & logical volumes create & configure Compaq system volume format Windows NT Server installation volume request Windows NT Server CD & continue with Windows installation (typical Windows installation session) continue with installation of Compaq management agents & services after Windows installation A. GILBERT – IUT Lens – 2004
NT Server - Additional software
management ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾
Backup Exec / Veritas ¾
demo
NetShield / Network Associates ¾
Hyena Compaq Insight Manager NetIQ AppManager pcAnywhere
demo
PowerChute, NTP, …
A. GILBERT – IUT Lens – 2004
break
A. GILBERT – IUT Lens – 2004
REDUNDANT ARRAYS OF INEXPENSIVE DISKS (RAID)
A. GILBERT – IUT Lens – 2004
Highlights
The six RAID organizations Why RAID-1 and RAID-5 are the most interesting
A. GILBERT – IUT Lens – 2004
Original Motivation
Replacing large and expensive mainframe hard drives (IBM 3310) by several cheaper Winchester disk drives Will work but introduce a data reliability problem: ¾ ¾
Assume MTTF of a disk drive is 30,000 hours MTTF for a set of n drives is 30,000/n ¾
n = 10 means MTTF of 3,000 hours
A. GILBERT – IUT Lens – 2004
Today’s Motivation
“Cheap” SCSI hard drives are now big enough for most applications “Cheaper” ATA – SATA driver/controllers becomes available We use RAID today for ¾ ¾
Increasing disk throughput by allowing parallel access Eliminating the need to make disk backups ¾
Disks are too big to be backed up in an efficient fashion A. GILBERT – IUT Lens – 2004
RAID 0
Virtual single disk is divided up into strips of k sectors each. RAID 0 writes consecutive strips over the drives in round robin fashion.
Controller will break any disk command into k commands (one for each of the disks) and will read/write in parallel.
A. GILBERT – IUT Lens – 2004
RAID 1
Mirroring ¾
Advantage ¾ ¾
Two copies of each disk block Simple to implement Fault-tolerant
Disadvantage ¾
Requires twice the disk capacity of normal file systems
A. GILBERT – IUT Lens – 2004
RAID 2
Instead of duplicating the data blocks we use an error correction code Very bad idea because disk drives either work correctly or do not work at all ¾ ¾
Only possible errors are omission errors We need an omission correction code ¾
A parity bit is enough to correct a single omission
A. GILBERT – IUT Lens – 2004
RAID 3
Requires N+1 disk drives ¾
N drives contain data (1/N of each data block) ¾
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Block b[k] now partitioned into N fragments b[k,1], b[k,2], ... b[k,N]
Parity drive contains exclusive or of these N fragments p[k] = b[k,1] ⊕ b[k,2] ⊕ ... ⊕ b[k,N]
A. GILBERT – IUT Lens – 2004
RAID 2 AND RAID 3
RAID 2
Data disks
Error correction
RAID 3 Data disks
Parity disk A. GILBERT – IUT Lens – 2004
RAID 4
Requires N+1 disk drives ¾ ¾
N drives contain data (individual blocks) parity drive contains exclusive or of the N blocks in stripe p[k] = b[k] ⊕ b[k+1] ⊕ ... ⊕ b[k+N-1]
A. GILBERT – IUT Lens – 2004
RAID 5
Single parity drive of RAID-4 is involved in every write ¾
Will limit parallelism
RAID-5 distribute the parity blocks among the N+1 drives
A. GILBERT – IUT Lens – 2004
RAID 3 AND RAID 5
RAID 3
Data disks
RAID 5
Parity disk 25% Parity
75% Data A. GILBERT – IUT Lens – 2004
CONCLUSION
RAID original purpose was to take advantage of Winchester drives that were smaller and cheaper than conventional disk drives ¾
Replace a single drive by an array of smaller drives
Nobody does that anymore! Main purpose of RAID is to build faulttolerant file systems that do not need backups A. GILBERT – IUT Lens – 2004
CONCLUSION
Low cost of disk drives makes RAID-1 attractive for small installations Otherwise prefer ¾ ¾
RAID-1 for simplicity RAID-5 for higher parallelism
A. GILBERT – IUT Lens – 2004
