Noise Reduction System for General Aviation ... - CAFE Foundation

In this project, durable, high temperature ceramic foams were evaluated as ... muffler design for specific engine noise reduction proved highly complex and ...
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NASA/CR—2005-213987

ULT/TR–98–6989

Noise Reduction System for General Aviation Aircraft, Phase II Sangvavann Heng, Edwin P. Stankiewicz, and Andrew J. Sherman Ultramet, Pacoima, California

November 2005

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NASA/CR—2005-213987

ULT/TR–98–6989

Noise Reduction System for General Aviation Aircraft, Phase II Sangvavann Heng, Edwin P. Stankiewicz, and Andrew J. Sherman Ultramet, Pacoima, California

Prepared under Contract NAS3–27633

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center

November 2005

Acknowledgments

Ultramet would like to acknowledge the invaluable contributions of AvSpec Corporation, Rocklin, California, led by Robert B. Poe, in the areas of acoustic characterization, muffler design, and on-aircraft ground and flight testing. Special thanks are also owed the NASA personnel associated with the YO–3A aircraft at both Ames Research Center and Dryden Flight Research Center, led by Megan McCluer, YO–3A flight test engineer; Monte Hodges, YO–3A 'crew chief ; and Wally Acree, IRAP project director. Appreciation is offered for the efforts of Bill Knisley, Knisley Welding, Loomis, California, which performed the metal work required to fabricate completed mufflers; Alex Borla, Borla Performance Products, Oxnard, California, which supplied several mufflers and offered valuable advice and consultation in the areas of engine noise reduction and emissions reduction; and Ralph Garcia and Tim Coats, LMS North America, for invaluable support with the SYSNOISE software. Finally, thanks also go to the NASA Glenn project manager, Richard Woodward, for his ongoing interest and support throughout the course of this project as well as its Phase I predecessor.

Note that at the time of writing, the NASA Lewis Research Center was undergoing a name change to the NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field. Both names may appear in this report.

Available from NASA Center for Aerospace Information 7121 Standard Drive Hanover, MD 21076

National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22100

Available electronically at http://gltrs.grc.nasa.gov

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Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)

2. REPORT DATE

3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

Final Contractor Report—February 1995–May 1998

November 2005 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

5. FUNDING NUMBERS

Noise Reduction System for General Aviation Aircraft, Phase II WBS–22–781–30–75 NAS3–27633

6. AUTHOR(S)

Sangvavann Heng, Edwin P. Stankiewicz, and Andrew J. Sherman 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER

Ultramet 12173 Montague Street Pacoima, California 91331

E–15310

9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

10. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC 20546– 0001

NASA CR—2005-213987 ULT/TR–98–6989

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Work funded by NASA Small Business Innovation Research contract NAS3–27633. Project Manager, Richard P. Woodward, Propulsion Systems Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, organization code RTA, 216–433–3923.

12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

Unclassified - Unlimited Subject Category: 07 Available electronically at http://gltrs.grc.nasa.gov This publication is available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information, 301–621–0390. 13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

In this project, durable, high temperature ceramic foams were evaluated as potential passive broadband noise absorber/baffle materials for reciprocating piston general aviation aircraft engines. In the Phase I project, a ceramic foam-based combined dissipative/reactive muffler design proved its potential for successfully reducing the size, weight, induced backpressure, and noise of general aviation aircraft engines. However, tuning the combined muffler design for specific engine noise reduction proved highly complex and difficult, requiring analytical tools that did not as yet exist. In Phase II, numerous test methods were developed to screen various newly developed ceramic foam-based muffler designs and evaluate their acoustic characteristics. More than 30 prototypes representing actual muffler designs and containing Ultramet ceramic foams were fabricated and characterized. Methods for acoustic evaluation included insertion loss bench, dynamometer, ground, and flight testing. Based on the results of these tests, Ultramet ceramic foams were shown to be generally effective as broadband noise absorbers at frequencies above 800 Hz, particularly for larger general aviation engines. The most promising ceramic foam-based muffler prototype reduced the noise emitted by a Continental O–200 engine by up to 14 A-weighted decibels (dBA) relative to the stock exhaust system (a short, straight pipe). Varying the ceramic foam design parameters yielded variations of as much as 5 dBA in the induced sound pressure levels, but did not affect the frequencies reduced. However, the backpressures induced by the majority of the ceramic foam muffler prototypes were well below maximum allowable levels. Given their light weight and compact size (including required canning and inlet/outlet pipes), these mufflers can be retrofitted under the cowlings of general aviation aircraft. 14. SUBJECT TERMS

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

Aircraft engine performance; Engine noise; Noise reduction; General aviation aircraft; General aviation; Aircraft engine; Muffler; Open-cell foam; Ceramic; Silicon carbide 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT

Unclassified NSN 7540-01-280-5500

18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE

Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT

231 16. PRICE CODE 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18 298-102