News : Why lead Global Warming Battle Global Warming? The global warming is a phenomenon of general increase of the average temperature of the oceans and the atmosphere on all the surface of the globe. It has been only for 20 years since we worry about this warming up but a group of intergovernmental experts proved that the reheating since 1950 is of 90 % in the human activity. According to the great majority of the scientists, the global warming is widely attributed to an additional greenhouse effect due to the increase of greenhouse gas concentrations produced by the human activities, and mainly the emissions of CO2. The human origin of greenhouse gases is among others confirmed by the evolution of the isotopes constituents some carbon in the atmosphere. The current concentrations of CO2 overtake of 35 % Exceed those of the preindustrial age.

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Modification of the climate : Climates are going to change. According to the scientists in the decades has to come one will observe more precipitation in the average and high latitudes of the north hemisphere in the subtropical part of the north hemisphere. At present we can already see the first harmful effects; indeed since 1988 we observe a considerable decrease of the spring snow-covered blanket in the average latitudes of the hemisphere (Pyrenees, the Alps for examples). This decrease is worrying because this snow-covered blanket contributes to the humidity of grounds and to the water resources.  Melting of the Sea Ice : Several studies indicate that ice floes are being reduced: on one hand observations by satellite show that these ice floes lose ground in the ocean Arctic ; on the other hand, a thinning down of these ice floes, in particular around the north pole, was observed. The reduction of the average area arctic ice floe since 1978 is of the order of 2,7 % by decade (more or less 0,6 %). The warming up in this region is of the order of 2,5 °C (instead of 0,7 °C on average on the planet), and the average thickness of ices lost 40 % of its value between 1948-1997. In this speed there will not be in the future years anymore Sea Ice therefore a rise up of the sea level.  The reheating of the oceans and the rise up of the sea level : We observe a reheating of the oceans, which decreases with the depth. We consider that the oceans absorbed this day more than 80 % of the heat added to the climatic system. This reheating entails a rise up of the sea level. Various data obtained by means of satellites were studied. Their analysis suggests that the sea level rose during the 20th century of some tens of centimeters, and that it continues to rise up if we do nothing against.  The reduction of the glaciers : Most of the studied mountain glaciers are in phase of decrease. The glaciers of Himalaya quickly move back and could disappear in next fifty year. The temperatures in this region grew of 0,15 °C in 0,6 °C every 10 years during the last 30 years. Numerous works inform this decrease and try to explain it. Such a decrease seems completely coherent with a reheating of the climate. The increase or the decrease of the glaciers are recurring and connected to numerous factors, among which the precipitation.

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Natural disasters : Natural disasters as cyclones, tropical storm, droughts, violent monsoons, etc. might be more and more important and more and more frequent. Indeed the global warming comes along with an increase of intensity and frequency of these disasters. We were indeed able to see that cyclones Katrina or droughts in Africa are more and more frequent. (However the global warming don’t have anything to do with earthquakes and tsunamis.) All these consequences could reveal very disastrous for the man and even more if they appear all. Therefore we will examine how the global warming appeared and how to fight it out against

Green house effect: The Greenhouse effect refers to the change in the thermal equilibrium temperature of a planet or moon by the presence of an atmosphere containing gas that absorbs infrared radiation. Greenhouse gases warm the atmosphere by efficiently absorbing thermal infrared radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface, by the atmosphere itself, and by clouds. As a result of its warmth, the atmosphere also radiates thermal infrared in all directions, including downward to the Earth’s surface. Thus, greenhouse gases trap heat within the surface-troposphere system. In the absence of the greenhouse effect, the Earth's average surface temperature of 14 °C would be about -18 °C. Greenhouse gases are gaseous components of the atmosphere which contribute to the greenhouse effect. The main greenhouse gases are the steam, the carbon dioxide (CO2), the methane (CH4) and the ozone (O3). Rough contributions in the greenhouse effect of main atmosphere gases:     

Stream : 55% Carbon dioxide (CO²): 39% Nitrous Oxide (N²0) : 4% Methane (CH4) : 1% Ozone (O3) : 1%

Most of the greenhouse gases are of natural origin. But some of them are only owed to the human activity either their concentration increase in the atmosphere because of this activity. It is the case in particular for ozone (O3), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). In France, greenhouse gas emissions (GGE) result from transport for 26 %, followed by the industry (22 %), of the agriculture (19 %), from buildings and houses (19 %), of the production and the transformation of the energy (13 %), and of the waste treatment (3 %). The greenhouse effect is not in itself harmful in the ecosystems; however an excess of greenhouse gas emissions exceeding the capacity of the ecosystems to trap them and to absorb them is a danger for the most part of the evolved species. The scientists plan an increase of 1,5 °C in 6 °C for coming century supposing that the increase of GGE continues at the rate of the last 20 years. A total and immediate stop of the discharges of carbon would not however prevent the average temperature of the planet from continuing to increase during several tens with hundreds of years, because certain GGE disappears from the atmosphere only very slowly. It is thus necessary to succeed has to set up of real world ecological politics.

Recent increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO²)

Kyoto Protocol All the member countries which ratify the Kyoto protocol have for objective to stabilize the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at a level which prevents any dangerous anthropological disturbance of the climatic system. They collectively undertook to take precautionary measures to plan, prevent or ease the causes of climate change and limit the fatal effects. The Kyoto protocol goes farther because he proposes a calendar of reduction of the emissions of 6 greenhouse gases which are considered as the main cause of the global warming of the last fifty years. It contains commitments absolved from reduction of emissions for 38 industrial nations, with a global reduction of 5,2 % of the emissions of carbon dioxide before 2012 with regard to the emissions of 1990

World map: Kyoto Protocol, participation. ██ Signed and ratified. ██ Signed, ratification pending. ██ Signed, ratification declined. ██ No position.

The Grenelle de l’environnement After two weeks of debates, the French deputies adopted on Tuesday, October 21st, 2008 the first part of the Grenelle Environment’s law. Among the big principles determinedly engaged by the law represent the recognition strengthened by the ecological urgency and the necessity of a decrease of the consumptions in energy, water and the other natural resources, or still the necessity of protecting the landscapes. The main points of Grenelle Environment’s law:  Bulbs with incandescence will be removed from the sale as from 2010, France anticipating the European terms.  Objective of generalization of «buildings low consumption» in 2012: priority in the insulation, the counting in primary energy whatever is the energy sector.  Objective strengthened for the renewable energies (23 %) and an electricity network adapted as a consequence…  Reversal of the priorities in transport infrastructures, notably railway, privileging the improvement and the modernization of the existing infrastructures, rather than the development of the network  Decrease of 15 % before 2012 the quantity of residual waste to be cremated or to store We can note that the French government tries all on one's own to resolve the problem of the global warming but we can also wonder if all the money which it recently found for banks (several Billion Euros) would not have been able to serve earlier for the battle against the global warming.

Conclusion Some States tempt by themselves resolve ecological problems to slow down the global warming (we saw the case of France but Germany is a precursor on this ground) but is really needed a World level action so that it really works. Now it cannot begin to set up that when the United States will decide to stop to be ecologically selfish (thanks to a new Democratic President for example…). Indeed if we do not begin now the efforts it will be all the more difficult to set up them in the future years and the humanity are on the road to ruin….