Measurement of ESDD and NSDD A.1. Introduction When anti
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Annex A: Measurement of ESDD and NSDD A.1. Introduction When anti-pollution design of the insulator is made, it is indispensable to determine pollution degree. The pollution degree is generally determined by measuring equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) on the insulators which are removed from the existing transmission lines and/or field testing stations. In addition to ESDD, nonsoluble material deposit density (NSDD) should be measured, especially in case that much dust or sand is estimated to accumulate on the insulator surface in such an area as desert or industrial factories. This Appendix describes how to measure ESDD and NSDD, and how to make chemical analysis of the pollutants. For site pollution severity measurement purposes we standardise the measurements by using a string of 7 reference cap and pin insulators. The unenergised insulator string is located at a height as close as possible to that of the line or busbar insulators. Each disc of the insulator string is monitored at a defined interval e.g. every month, every three months, each year, after two years, etc.
Figure A1: ESDD string A.2. Necessary equipment to measure pollution degree The following equipment is necessary for the measurement of both ESDD and NSDD. • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Distilled water/demineralized water Measuring cylinder Surgical gloves Plastic cling wrap Labeled container Washing bowl Absorbent cotton/brush/sponge Conductivity meter Temperature probe Filter paper Funnel Desiccator/drying oven Balance scale
A.3 Pollution collection methods for ESDD and NSDD measurement • • •
The surfaces of the insulator should not be touched to avoid any loss of pollution. Put on clean surgical gloves. A container, a measuring cylinder, etc. shall be washed well enough to remove electrolyte prior to the measurement.
A.3.1 Procedure using a swab technique •
•
• • •
Distilled water of 100 - 300 cm3 (or more if required) shall be put into labelled containers and absorbent cotton shall be immersed into the water (other tools such as a brush or a sponge could be used). Conductivity of the water with the immersed cotton shall be less than 0.001 S/m. The pollutants shall be wiped off separately from the top and the bottom surfaces of a cap and pin type insulator with the squeezed cotton. In the case of a long-rod or a post insulator, pollutants shall usually be collected from a part of the shed as shown in Figure A.2. The cotton with pollutants shall be put back into the labelled containers as shown in Figure A.2. The pollutants should be dissolved into the water by shaking and squeezing the cotton in the water. Wiping shall be repeated until no further pollutants remain on the insulator surface. If pollutants remain even after wiping several times, pollutants shall be removed by a spatula, and be put into the water containing the pollutants. Attention should be taken not to lose the water. That is, the quantity shall not be changed very much before and after collecting pollutants.
Figure A.2: Wiping of pollutants on insulator surface A.3.2 Procedure using washing technique • • • • • • •
Cover the cap and pin respectively with plastic cling wrap without covering the insulator surface. Ensure that the bowl, which the discs are to be washed in, is clean. Measure down 500 - 1000 cm3 of distilled water (
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