lowtemperature driven absorption chiller - HPC'01

(absorber and evaporator) and one for the high-pressure ... The piping between condenser and evaporator had to be ... instabilities in the liquid falling film.
155KB taille 6 téléchargements 210 vues
/2:7(03(5$785('5,9(1$%62537,21&+,//(5 )UHGULN6HWWHUZDOO'PLWUH\*OHERY%R:LNHQVWHQ 'HS&KHPLFDO(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\5R\DO,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\6WRFNKROP6ZHGHQ

$%675$&7

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

7DEOH&RUURVLRQRI/L%URQGLIIHUHQW PDWHULDOV 0DWHULDO 66

6WDUWLQJ (QGLQJ ZHLJKW ZHLJKW J J

:HLJKW PP UHGXFWLRQ \HDU J

  



7LWDQLXP   



602

,QFRQHO 0LOG VWHHO

        

  

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

,WZDVIRXQGWKDWWKHOLTXLGORDGZDVDQLPSRUWDQW SDUDPHWHUIRUWKHVSUHDGLQJRIWKHOLTXLGPKDQG PHWHURIODPHOODZDVDDSSUR[LPDWHPHDVXUHIRUJRRG GLVWULEXWLRQRQWKHVXUIDFH7KLVYDOXHZDVXVHGLQWKH GHVLJQRIWKHSLORWXQLW

 ',6&866,21

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

)UHGULN6HWWHUZDOOVHWWHU#NHWNWKVH

FRROLQJGRZQWKHVWURQJVROXWLRQWRDEVRUSWLRQ WHPSHUDWXUH2SWLPL]DWLRQPLJKWOHDGWRWKDWDOVRWKH VHFRQGKHDWH[FKDQJHUZLOOEHXWLOL]HGIRUFRROLQJRIWKH VWURQJVROXWLRQDQGKHDWLQJRIWKHOHDQVROXWLRQ7KLV ZLOOVXEVWDQWLDOO\LQFUHDVHWKH&23,WLVRXUEHOLHIWKDW WKRVHWZRPHDVXUHVZLOOOHDGWRD&23LQWKHVDPHUDQJH DVFRQYHQWLRQDOFKLOOHUV 'XULQJWKHFRROLQJVHDVRQ\HDUWKHIORZUDWHZLOO EHRSWLPL]HGZLWKUHVSHFWWRFDSDFLW\DQGHIILFLHQF\

 5()(5(1&(6

>@:HL-L7KHRUHWLFDO6WXG\RQ(IIHFWVRI6XUIDFH $FWLYH6ROXWHVRQ$EVRUSWLRQ6\VWHPV3K'WKHVLV'HS &KHPLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ5R\DO,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\  >@*XVWDIVVRQ0DJQXV+HDWDQG0DVV7UDQVIHU (QKDQFHPHQWVE\$GGLWLYHV± D7KHRUHWLFDODQG ([SHULPHQWDO6WXG\ S+GWKHVLV'HS&KHPLFDO (QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\5R\DO,QVWLWXWHRI 7HFKQRORJ\$661±  >@*OHERY'PLWUH\6HWWHUZDOO)UHGULN([SHULPHQWDO 6WXG\RI+HDW7UDQVIHUDGGLWLYH,QIOXHQFHRQWKH $EVRUSWLRQ&KLOOHU3HUIRUPDQFH-RXUQDORI ,QWHUQDWLRQDO,QVWLWXWHRI5HIULJHUDWLRQ DFFHSWHG