clothes design and the new technological landscape Source: Mechanix Illustrated 8-1957
How things work? How geographically distant devices communicate with each other ? How computers sense and act on the world? How telecommunication technologies can make our environment semi intelligent?
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Current applications Military applications Health applications Sport and wearables Activism and wearables Social issues and wearables Love and wearable Poesie, music and wearables Fashion and wearables Super heroes and wearables Some applications for the future
30 34 36 38 40 42 44 45 46 48 claire béra, 262 310
submitted on the 16th of April as the examined output of the Telecomunicazioni course (Gilliam Crampton Smith, with Philip Tabor) at the facoltà di design e arti, IUAV University, Venice
5 Introduction: Clothes are in the one hand a way to hide, protect our body and intimacy, in the other hand a way to reveal who we are to the world, to others. It’s a way to communicate. Thanks to new technologies, wearables, or computerized clothes allow us to interact evenmore with that world. Those clothes are still used as protection, for exemple as armour for militaries, but also for self protection for sex workers. I chose to research about how distant device communicate with each other because the clothes design brings the mobility issue at stake. Then, i’ll explain how computers sense and act on the world, because it will allow us to understand how we can interact with clothes. Finally, how telecommunications technolgies can make our world semi intelligent, because often clothes can serve as prothesis, for a body disability but also for a relational gap (distance) and for this purpose, clothes need in some way to be intelligent.
How geographically distant devices communicate with each other ? To respond to that question, we will have to define the word telecommunication even thought telecommunication doesn’t always involve that the devices are far distant .
What does «telecommunication» mean ? It involves a transmission of a piece of information transformed into signals (piece of information simplified or coded), from one place to another (far distant or close distant). What do we mean by codes? Codes is the conversion of a piece of information into another thing, another representation.
Telecommunication is a way to share pieces of information.
How does it work? It is the transmission of informations between one sender and one receiver, made thanks to devices.
It needs: informations to be sent a signal system to transform this piece of information a transmitter which takes informations (input) and transforms it into signals (output) ready to be transmitted a transmitter medium: the support over which the signal is sent. energy to carry the signals a receiver which receives the signals (input), and turns it back into something understandable (output). Computers need a way to store informations . Often the transmitter is also a receiver. Both are transducer, that is to say that they transform one energy into another.
How geographically distant devices communicate with each other ?
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Different kinds of telecommunications: The telecommunication devices depends on people that use it, of how they communicate, of what they want to communicate, of how they live. This will be decisive to explain how geographically distant devices communicate with each other. Also, devices will also change the way people communicate and live.
Even though, today, telecommunication technologies market has individuals for main client , telecommunications technologies have often been invented and developed by the military forces, for strategic uses. Indeed, telecommunications are of the best use in strategy, and military forces are often the one that can afford develope them. For example the semaphore was
Let’s take example of communication between two persons. When they are in the
developed to defend the newly born French state after revolution. It allowed the French forces to
same place, they use voice. If they are far from each other they will use mail. Before, it would
communicate and react fastly to adverse forces. The informations were coded and then couldn’t
be traditional mail, then the telegraph, that would allow them only to send short message, now
be understand by adverse forces. Telecommunication using radio waves were developed by
they use emails. Email will change their way to communicate because the answer is much more
Japanese Navy to fight Russian forces. The first client for computers was the American Army.
immediat. With the invention of the phone, they have been able to hear each other voices. The cell phone allowed conversation to be more free, because without the constrain of the space and of the envirment. And the most important would be to say that telecommunication allowed two lovers to stay close, eventhought they aren’t in space. Marco Susani made a very poetic and beautiful representation of communication flows , one couldn’t explain better. http://flow.doorsofperception.com/content/susani_trans_images.html
Source: Popular Science 6-1938
Three main kind of telecommunication architecture. Communication made between two receiver and transmitter such as in a telephonic communication is called call to call telecommunication. Communication through one big transmitter and several small receiver is called oneway telecommunication such as the radio communication. The networks are the connection between several receiver and transmitter communicating between each other.
How geographically distant devices communicate with each other ?
How geographically distant devices communicate with each other ?
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What are inputs and outputs? (How the information enters in and goes out of a telecommunication device ?)
microphone’s convertion of energy
In the chapter over «how computer can sense and act on the physical world ?», more exemples of inputs and outputs will be given. Input would be the informations that enters a telecommunication device before sending or its process. Output is the information that results from the telecommunication device or its process. In the definition given by Wikipedia, it is compared with « food» one «intakes» and the «food» that «exit» one’s «body». For instance, the keyboard has been designed to allow common people to input informations in the computer or to communicate with it. Printers and monitors are output devices, that allow people to receive informations from the computer. A bit like a Chinese philosopher who would like to communicate something to a French philosopher who has to clue about what the Chinese guy is talking about, they would a system of translation. For example, for the semaphore ( primary form of telegraph), a person would tell to a skilled operater the message he would like to transmit. The operater would then translate it into codes and make movements that have meaning to the operator looking at him. At the end of the chain, an operator would translate back the message. To input,transmitters need sensors. For instance, the keyboard senses the pressure of the finger, and turns that energy into an electric signal which the computer can understand.
1 sound waves 2 membrane 3 electric current 4 carbon particul
Transducers: transmitters and receivers Still using the example of the semaphore, the transducer would be the operators who translate a message given into morse, and turn it back into a language understable by a common person. If we take for example the phone technology, the microphone as a transmitter and the loudspeaker as a receiver, are devices that transform an energy into another. The energy to be transformed is sound, and the energy into which it will be transformed is electricity. Sound is a wave produced by a mechanical vibration. It propagates into matters (air, water, solid) as a wave. A microphone changes sound vibrations into electrical signal thanks to a thin membrane which vibrate according to the wave sent to its direction (pattern) and this mechanical movment pressures carbon particuls. When the particuls are compressed an electric current enters and the pattern is reproduced into electric signals. A loudspeacker receive electrical signals. This electric signals actives an engine which produce a mechanic movment making vibrate a membrane that transmits this energy to the ambiant air.
How geographically distant devices communicate with each other ?
The observation of a barrel organ can help to the undertanging of how a signal pattern can be made.
How geographically distant devices communicate with each other ?
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Two kinds of signals: Analog(ue) and digital According to the device, the energy, and the medium, we’ll use different signals. Analog (ue) means that the signal uses a continuous spectrum ,that is to say it uses a physical size representation. Digital uses discret numbers (few numbers). For instance, computers can only deal with numbers, working with the binary system which uses two types of electric impulses : « 1 » ( impulse ) and « 0 » ( no impulse ) . The binary system result from the boolean logic, a system to encode datas. Since computers can only deal with numbers, the analog signals have to be turned into digital signals thanks to converters : analog-to-digital converters (ADC) and when the signal needs to be sent to a device using analog signals, it is turned back into analog thanks to digital-to-analog converters (DAC). Thanks to converters, different devices communicate with each other. A modem changes an analog «carrier»1 signal (such as sound) to encode binary electrical digital pieces of information. Other devices using digital signals: An abacus is a digital calculator that uses beads on rows to represent numbers. Beads are up or down. A beacon is an non-electronic digital signal, with just two states (on and off). Smoke signals are also digital signals. Nature has also its digital code : DNA is based on a sequence of four numbers : A, C, G, and T which represent organic molecules. The most famous would be the Morse code which uses five pieces of codes (dot, dash, short gap , medium gap, and long gap ) to send messages via electricity or light, for example using an electrical telegraph or a flashing light. The Braille system (which is not a telecommunication system, but help understand the digital system) was the first binary code for characters, it uses six-bit code rendered as dot patterns. Semaphores like most light using devices use digital codes. International maritime signal flags have distinctive codes that represent letters of the alphabet .
How geographically distant devices communicate with each other ?
How geographically distant devices communicate with each other ?
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13 Telecommunications based on radio waves
Different types of energies which carry signals.
Television, radio, phone...
( Thanks to what kind of energy a message can be sent ? )
Telecommunications based on electrical impulses Computers
All those energies, exept the electric impulse, are electromagnetic waves, that is to say that they propagate by themselve and have electric and magnetic componment , they all have different wavelenghts and figure on the electromagnetic spetrum.
Different types of transmitter medium.
Signal can be carried by or through or over: light : wave with a wavelength that is visible to the eye
Those will depend on the energy used to convey the signal.
sound : vibrations that circulates through air and can be heard radio waves : which frequency and amplitude can be change and that propagates on radio frequency.
Light and sound energies are carried over the air and are ungui-
electrical impulses : circulation of current in short time
ded. Radio waves are carried on wires (guided) or over the air (unguided).
Telecommunications based on light energy The semaphores is one of the primary telecommunica-
When radio waves are guided by wires there is no risk of in-
tion device. Light signals would be sent from one tower to another,
terference. When radio waves are carried through the air, and
working with light reflections in blades.
then unguided, each one needs to occupy its own frequency.
Lighthouses and navigation signals, aldis lamp, to
Unguided radio waves allow mobility which determines how
mark a position and prevent, aware from danger, use light signals
people communicate and live . They can do it more freely in time
Heliographs, maybe one of the older telecommunica-
space and social context.
tion system using light. Using the reflexion in mirror of sun light, one could send effectivly a message using for exemple morse code over 50 miles or more . Used by militaries, it was so effective that it disappeared only in the 30’s.
Arizona department of commerce energy office
Telecommunications based on sound energy Drums used by some african tribes to prevent from invasions, announce a ceremony
In an episode of Bewitched, the garage door frequency
Bell towers (campanils and Beffroie): used to prevent invasions, announce a event, mark time.
is the same of the one of the airplane radars, cosing the door to
Some navigation system are based on sound when the light signals aren’t efficient.
open without using the command.
Alarms still used to prevent from danger, and mark time.
How geographically distant devices communicate with each other ?
How geographically distant devices communicate with each other ?
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What signal system for what information?
Internet and the World Wide Web
According to the type of informations one wants to send, the device will change. The input will change and the the medium will change.
Internet is the worldwide interconnection of computers. It’s a network in which datas are transmitted, shared thanks to packet switching. It allows to share all kinds of informations and
According to the type of informations one wants to send, the signal system will change.
allows lots of services : mail, chats, video, images... The World Wide Web is the system by which one
The input will change and the the medium will change.
can naviagte through sites thanks to hyperlinks (thaks to HTML an interactive language ). It is what
For instance a lighthouse can transmit only simple massages such as be aware of the
made internet services so efficient and popular. Having its computer making part of theat network
danger. Even thought the idea is very romantic, lighthouse keepers cannot have philosophic
allows one to make all kinds of operations: sell, buy, chat, discuss, research, but the computer needs
conversation thanks to the light signals.
to be protected from virus, and spywares and spams.
Sounds informations cannot be transmited via the telegraph. Also the inputs and the outputs will differ according to the type of informations we want to transmit. Sounds and videos can be carried into electrical or optical signals, via air as ra-
Networks
diowaves, wires. They need to be changed into carrier waves which can be digital or analog signals. For analog signals, the carrier frequency or amplitude changes, or modulates in proportion to changes or modulations in the amplitude or frequency of an input signal. For datas (informations suitable to computer programming that is to say translated into digital signals), the carrier frequency changes among few (or discret) values. It is called frequency-shift keying. The DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) is a kind of technologies that transmit digital informations over local telephone network wires, using part of the connection voice doesn’t need. It cannot make long distance transmissions and has to be switched on a classical internet network in close telephone service offices. Tim down
Local area network (lan): is a geographicly restricted network made of node within few computers or devices, it will for exemple cover a building. The local network can have several shapes. The connection can be brought home thank to traditional telephone wires. The transmission of data will take only a part of the frequency not used by phone conversations.
How geographically distant devices communicate with each other ?
How geographically distant devices communicate with each other ?
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Wireless telecommunication devices
Wi-Fi or wireless fidelity It allows a communication within close devises ( about 100 meters wide). It is commonly
What is telematic ?
used in offices to connect computers, in homes, and in internet cafes or hot spots in train stations.
Telematic is the combinasion of telecommunication and informatic : therefore using digital signals. All informations nead to be changed into digital signals.
Near field Communication Some wireless telecommunication devices are made thanks to a short range communication.
Telephony and cellular phones Telephony is a person to person telecommunication. Cellular phone technology is one person to person telecommunication device that allows mobile communication.
How does it work? A cell is a hexagonal area on which is implanted a station, a antenna on a tower.
Bluetooth
The cellphone has low-power transceiver (receiver and transmeter) that transmit voice (changed
It allowes a communication within close devises ( about 10 meters wide more if ampli-
into digital signals) and other datas (text messages, video, internet, photo) to the local station of
fied). What would be different from Wi Fi is that it’s not protected and sends wave in every direc-
the cell in which it is.
tions. It was developed to replace wires for key boards, printers , digital cameras, Personal Digital
The station and the phone communicate with radio waves. The network of the cells allows the com-
Assistants etc. It is used for examples for hand- free phones, video game commands, within PC’s
munication. The fact that it works with cell allows services to know where a phone is, and to bill the
but also for medical equipment.
user according to his position in space. Also operators had to agree on a standard (most common Global System for Mobile Communications) to allow user to communicated even though they don’t have the same operator. More and more cell phones tend to be used for non «phone» communications, using other applications such as text message, and photoshooting and sending. Those are telematic uses.
How geographically distant devices communicate with each other ?
How geographically distant devices communicate with each other ?
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FarField Communication
RFID tags A Radio Frequency IDentification tag is attached to an objet, an animal or a person, and
GPS: Global positioning system
allows to identify and follow it thanks to its production of radiowaves. There are two types of tags: active or passive. The active one have a battery, but are expensive and don’t last long. The passive
Positioning system by satellite (one of the many telecommunication system developed
an almost neverending transmission, are less expensive but the receiver needs to be powerful.
by the US army) allows one to know exactly were he is. To pin point any objet on a card. To find its
Many uses can be made of that technology.It is used to identify animals in cattles, follow marchan-
way. It made almost unuseful anyother positioning systems such as traditional maritime navigation
dises, store librarybooks, follow traditional mail, do inventories. They have also been implanted in passport and in US there has been some experiences of implanting tags in human to help health
systems. How does it work ?
servicies to keep track of the health of the patient.
There are 24 sattelites in orbit going round the earth. Each one has an atomic clock that allows to have a very accurate sens of time. On earth, there are four stations with which the satellites have transmissions. When one carries a GPS equipment, the three devices transmit waves to each other (at least four satellites) which allows calculs of position by triangulation. It allows to pin point vehiculs, ships, weapons, persons, low orbit satellites. In theory, the GPS is a very accurate system but since it belongs to the american army, they allow an approximative accuracy to other users.
Many Near Field technologies are applied on mobile phone, which enables user to do many things with it’s mobile phone. It can be used, for example as: Electronic keys – car keys, house/office keys, hotel room keys, etc Electronic money Electronic wallet/smart wallet Electronic tickets – plane tickets, concert/event tickets, other tickets etc Identity documents
How geographically distant devices communicate with each other ?
How geographically distant devices communicate with each other ?
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How computers sense and act on the world?
Touch: how a touchpad works
Computers sense the world thanks to sensors that are inputs (way to enter a data). Computers can sense a wide range of things, from pression ( the pression of fingers on the keyboard ), to light, gaz, movement, touch, wind... Each sensor has it’s way to fonction, but at the end the information given to the computer has to be digital signals. For this purpose, sensors device need a convertor. When a conversion is made from analog to digital, the most often the signal is sampled the most accurate will be the information sensed. This will be expressed in term of resolution. The more accurate the information will be sampled , the highter is the resolution will be. The resolution
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depends on the device that has to manage the data later. Because before the computer can act back
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on the world it has to deal with the information given to it and has to store it. The way, then the com������������������������������������������� ���������������������������������������
puter will act on the world will be done by outputs, or actuators. Those change back the data into another form of energy. But before that, the data has to be treated by programmes. The computer has been told what to do with the information given. Programmation is the way we give orders to the computer according on the information it gets. The whole device is called a transducer. Today, we communicate with computers much by pointing using fingers. Maybe because fingers are the more accurate human tools. But interaction design research tend to think of other way to interact with computers.
What sensors can sense Sensors can sense: Touch
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Light
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Movement Body electric Pointing Sound Temperature Chimicals
Other devices that sense touch Switch Slider
A thing that is important whith sensors is that they must only sense what they are made to sense
Dial
(problems o noices) , they shouldn’t have influence on what they mesure.
Touchscreen
Since devices have limits, sensors have limits and the energy can overflow its capacity.
Keyboard
How computers sense and act on the world?
How computers sense and act on the world?
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Light: how digital scanners work
Body electricity: how brainwave sensors work
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Other electricity which can be sense in our body: Muscles’
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Faces’ technologies used for medical uses but also for marketing studies, terrorism control, art. ������������������� �������������������� ����������
Many uses of chimical sensors Chemical sensors detect the presence of specific chemicals such as oxygen (lambda sensors, carbon monoxide. Those are really common. They are used in houses and offices in order to
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prevent from intoxication. Automobile industries need to be carefull about the emission of toxic gas and use chimical sensors a lot. They also have been developed by military forces to prevent from chimical weapons. Authorities have developed sensors for detecting drugs. Chimical sensor can also help detect illnesses.
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Microsound sensors The same way bats send and receive microsounds that are reflected when they touch a surface, microsound sensors actuators allow positionment reading. This allows some robots to find their way in indoors without a GPS system. Other devices that sense light digital camera video camera
How computers sense and act on the world?
How computers sense and act on the world?
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Outputs or actuators It is what goes out of the computer, how it transformed the data. For the interaction with computer, monitors have been developed. To get a tangible, touchable mark of the informations we get out of a computer, the information can be output thanks to the printers.
How printers work The principal is a bit the same than the barrel organ. The voltage signals (digital informations) creates a patern that command the dropping of ink.
How monitors work The voltage signal activates a electron gun on the fluorescent screen and it creates light. According to the voltage the light will more or less bright. It sends light on cluster composed of three dots : green, red, and blue
What actuators can do Affect our perception, and act on the envirement. It can create light , vibration, movement by activating mecanism, sound (music, natural sounds, synthetic voices ect...). We can ask computers to do almost everything we want.
How computers sense and act on the world?
How computers sense and act on the world?
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Programmation and how we ask the computer to act A computer has its own language ( using «I» and «O» ) language way to complicated for the comon people. First computer were programmed in that language but it was very hard work. Then assembly languages were invented, and made it all easier for the programmers and for the computer because faster and it needs less memory. It use codes that are easy to remember and the computer translate it in its own language. With higher level languages such as Java and processing, programmation became much more easier and allows to avoid errors. One don’t have to think of everything, the computer traslates. In programmation, we have to deal with loops, arrays, variables. We have to determine a flow. Before programming, it’s good to have a precise flowchart with no interruptions.
How computers sense and act on the world?
How computers sense and act on the world?
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How telecommunication technologies can make our environment semi intelligent?
The problem with the bee communication is that a bee has to continue doing its dance to transmit the information. Ants, to indicate a source of food, leave chimical codes on their path, therefore creating a shared memory. And that what all the tecommunication networks such as the internet and the WWW allow us to do. It allows one device to learn from other devices. The fact that there are wireless telecommunication technologies allow a good mobility or independance or the devices. What would be important also for an intelligent system would be to be aware of any change in the information it got from the shared memory. The backberry has a advantage on early
An intelligent system is a computer program that has some of the same capacities of the human brain. It has the capacity of adaptation in a changing environment or context. In order to have those capacities it needs to sense the environment and gather informations about it. Therefore it needs sensores and also memory to keep those informations and of its own actions. Therefore it will be ableto learn. Also an intelligent system has an objective. Intelligent systems should be inde-
PDA in that sense. Indeed, the black berry will be notidied without needing to be plugged of any change in the data. Anotherthing the Blackberry allow us to understand is that a intelligent system shouldn’t be too invasive. If it warned the user of every change in the data, the user would be always disturbed. That’s why it allows the user to configure for what kind of data the Blackberry can disturb him.
pendent. That it to say that it need minimal human intervention to work. Since human and animals have an intelligent behaviors,a way to design an intelligent sytem, is to copy those behavior, copy nature. By observing how animals would navigate themselve, The Laboratory of intelligent system ( école polytechnique de Lausane) has created Bio-mimetic
One anotherthing important for an intelligent system to be adapt itself to the environ-
micro-flying robots , that copy in a way bats are flying.
ment is feedback. As a person walk it needs always to adjust his movements in order not to fall.
http://lis.epfl.ch/
Those adjustments are possible thanks to the feedback he gets from his environment thanks to its Maybe observing how insect societies fonction could help. For exemple how
sensors. When we look at the robot, ASIMO, designed by Honda, we realise that it’s sensors are
bees communicate and learn. In some way it’s quite similar of how computers learn. It uses condi-
replying the human sensors. It as a gyroscope sensor and a speed sensor enquivalent to the ones-
tioning, that is to say that it is able to associate two things two events when they occure together. A
human has in it’s inner ears which allows balance and orientation.
bit like when my cat hears the noice that makes the food boxe, somehow he knows i’ll give her food. Conditional learning can allow computer to learn new patterns. This is quite similar of how search engine work. It needs a common language to work and it recognises code patterns. The bees use digital codes to indicate to other where they found a good flower. They communicate by dancing, doing circle s. For example when they do the wave dance one wave means one kilometer then, they communicate the direction using the sun.
http://www.w3.org/2002/11/bees-and-ants/paper http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/01/070131134917.htm
How telecommunication technologies can make our environment semi intelligent ?
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/asimo2.htm
Photo courtesy Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
How telecommunication technologies can make our environment semi intelligent ?
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The Future Force Warriors Telecommunications Military forces from every country has its program to dress their soldiers using new technologies. In the Future Combat System, U.S Army program, one of the main issues is the telecommunication device which connect the commandments and the soldiers and the soldiers with each others. U.S army has its own frequence to communicate. They use radio devices integrated to their uniforms. The GPS was first developed for them, and their devices are way more accurate than the one for the common uses. One of the issue for a soldier is detecting the unseen obstacles and ennemies. To overcome this issue, a HeadGear SubSystem has been thought. It provides maps, routes, and data thank to a visor display that has a tactil command, wireless communications. they also thought of a microelectronics and optics sensor suite that would aware them of the danger.
http://philsphilms.com http://maf.mcq.org http://www.anenglishmanscastle.com http://www.defenseindustrydayly.com http://www.esdt.com http://www.army.mil/fcs http://www.violac.com http://www.gizmag.com/go/3062/
1966 - Soldiers of international armed forces joined the G.I. Joe
Military applications For Wearables
All images are coming from: http://www.defense-update.com/products/s/soldier-tech.htm
Their are also inputs integrated to their suite, that allow the collection of enviroment informations. Such has the radio emission of potential enemies. Light sensors, infrared sensors to view the movements of the ennemies. Those informations are in the sharing memory
As it has been said in the first part, telecommunication technologies have been deve-
of the troop and can be useful to any soldier. Those suites also allows to
lopped by military forces . That’s why the first part about the applications will be dedicated to the
know what are the movements of ther soldiers. It is a bit like the small
wearables invented for the military forces.
screens we have when we play the video games, with warn us from other dangers that the view can’t sense, or the informations on the numbers of life, the munitions we have...
Current applications
wearables
32 Protection and health One of the main issue with the soldier suites is their protection. They need armours. Knights armors were way to heavy and noisy to allow a smooth movement of the troops. So it needs to be light and quiet. The solution is in intelligent fabrics. The U.S army has created a smart fabric made of iron particles in a silicon liquid that becomes hard in a few milliseconds when a current enters. It’s a kind of sensible material. The material enable the soldier to move fastly, and smoothly, wearing an armour that would stop bullets.
One of the future issues for the army will be to enable the soldier to carry great weights. Coming from science fiction books, such as StarShip troopers by Robert A. Heinlein, the idea of an exoskeleton is getting developed all over the world. The exoskeleton has been inspired by some animals that have their skeletons outside of their body as an armour. An exosketon do not only serve as an armour for those animals but enables them to carry heavy weights. The problem with exoskeleton adapted on humans is the way it would be commanded. It needs sensors. Those sensors can sense the movements of the body or it can sense the nerve itself, or it can be activated thank to brain sensors. The forces would be duplicated as outputs. The exoskeleton would be in some way the continuation of the body. Those kind of prothesis. That’s why some reseach are beeing done for handicaped peoples. It could enable them to walk, do movements that they cannot do anymore. It has also been thoughts for the hospital workers, who have to carry disabled people. It could also The health of our soldiers is also an issue at stake. That’s why has been thought a physiological and medical sensor suite that would collect information about body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, hydra-
start a generation of semi robot people. http://science.howstuffworks.com/what-if-exoskeleton.htm http://www.viotac.com
tion and stress levels, sleep status, body positioning and workload capacity of the warrior. And if there is the need, the device warns the doctors and commanders . The suit is also capable of reaction according to the soldier sate. For exemple, a Micro-climate Conditioning Subsystem has been inveted. The suit senses if the body is to hot or too cold and activates some liquid circulation in one of the layers of the suit. All that technology needs power. That’s why the Power Subsystem has been thought. Those technologies would work thanks to liquid hydrocarbon fuel cells, nanofiber battery patches...
Current applications
wearables
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35 Surveillance Clothes equiped with heart rate and body temperature sensors allow medical professionals to see on monitors the health state of patients living at home. Those information would be send thanks to a wireless system. The device warns the medical services when the health state is not normal. http://www.ydreams.com/ydreams_2005/index.php?page=295 www.horizonzero.ca/textsite/wear.php?is=16&file=4&tlang=0 - 30k -
In the comic strip by Jodorowsky, The Technoperes, people have implants in their necks controlled by autorities and that enable dirigeants to kill who ever they like.
Treatments Wearable technologies can also provide medicines. An implant device is being developed which would facilitate the life of people sufering from diabete. It would automaticly deliver their treatment. Some tooth implants delivering drugs have also been invented.
Prothesis
http://www.engadget.com/category/wearables/page/4/
Prothesis are usely made for an external disabilities. A person missing a leg can have an
Health applications For Wearables
electronic prothesis replacing it. There are also looking glasses being selled working with electronic. The Mit Media lab, has invented an interresting prothesis: the memory glasses . Glasses that would record what a person did in it’s day and would help him by reviewing the scene remember things. http://www.media.mit.edu/wearables/mithril/memory-glasses.html http://www.lumusvision.com/ Another interesting prothesis, is the tongue display invented by Maurice Ptito that enables a blind to see through his tongue. The tongue is used as input and sends informations as elec-
one would be to apply it the control or surveillance of heath care. The second would be to use the
tric signals to the part of the brain usely used by the sight. http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2004-06/uom-aeo060204.php http://www.we-make-money-not-art.com/archives/007593.php
wearable as treatment devices. Another one would be to use the wearables as prothesis.
http://www.we-make-money-not-art.com/archives/007275.php
There are many ways to apply telecommunication technologies to health caring. The first
Current applications
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To kick someone’s but but without hurting him. That’s what allows this game with some sensors that count the kicks and tell you who wins. The sensors are places in a hand set, and thanks to wifi sends informations to the small boxe on your chest. The boxes are exchanging inforamtions also. Some sensors have been integrated to the football helmet which sends to a database, thanks to wireless technology, data about the force of the kicks and tackles that heat the heads. It will allow to prevent injuries and detect concussions .
Sport and Wearables Health care application such as health surveillance have be applied to athletes. GPS enable mountain athletes not to get lost and to be found for exemple when under snow avalanche. But wearable can help performance improval, motivation. Sensors can collect informations about your state and the way you practice a sport and can give you a few clues about how to improve. The shoes dubbed Square Eyes have an electronic pressure sensor and a computer chip Several brands have released smart shoes. Nike in alliance with i-pod realise a shoe that sends data about your running
to record how many steps the wearer did in a day. A wireless transmitter sends the information to a receiver connected to a television, and it decides how much time the person can watch television.
to your i-pod . The data can be extracted, shared with others, for competition. This is a very motivating solution.Adidas developed an adaptative sole. The cushions in the sole inflate according to the pressure, thanks to the pressure sensores and the transducer. It allows a smooth running.
Current applications
http://www.elecdesign.com/Articles/ArticleID/10113/10113.html http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn7395 http://store.everestgear.com/170013.html http://www.engadget.com/2006/10/13/mazu-kans-contact-free-laser-martial-arts-game http://www.engadget.com/category/wearables//
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39 Judi Werthein has invented crossing shoes to help illegal immigrants cross the border from Mexico to the US. It is equiped of a compass, a flashlight. A pocket hides money or somepainkillers .
Sexual worker have safety issues. The Aphrodite platform shoes have an alarm system, that makes «piercing noise to scare off attackers». It also has a «GPS receiver and an emergency button that relays both the prostitute’s location and a silent alarm signal to public emergency services». The good thing is the designers has thought of the law issues and the system will emit on amateur radio frequencies not to warn autorities that could cause problems to the prostitutes. Another shoe, sex workers could wear is the Electric Cinderella Shoes with stun gun inte-
Activism and Wearables
grated. A neckless device commands is used as the command.
Outlows’special shoes or James Bond Girls’shoes
Has we search about wearables we notice that most research are made for police, army forces. Lots of devices are made to control people. Andwe might get scared about the way the world would be with all those devices to track us. The Dutch Ministry of Justice has developed a knee locks to prevent prisoner escape. It would release drugs and electric chocs if the prisoner would get too far from the guard. http://www.engadget.com/tag/netherlands Some designers thinks of other user such as prostitutes, people trying to cross borders.
Current applications
http://www.we-make-money-not-art.com/archives/008070.php http://www.we-make-money-not-art.com/archives/008417.php http://www.we-make-money-not-art.com/archives/008794.php
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There are many ways to watch your kids. The GPS Xplorer shoes that warn you when your kid gets too far. The « Wearable Babysitter demonstrated» at the Ubiquitous Fashionable Computer show in Korea is a device with sound and light sensors on the baby’s nipples, and diapers, that sends to the mom device some signals, on a monitor and microphone, allows the mom to look after her baby who is in the hand of the babby sitter.
Social issues and Wearables
The Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Clothing System prevents violence against women. «The clothing utilizes pressure sensitive fabric to measure impacts to the wearer’s body. The physical abuse data is transmitted to a remote server where it can be archived or distributed to a trusted community or proper authorities.»
Many devices are using the telecommunication technologies to make the world smaller for people that are long distanced. We can think of Vodafone’s Future scenario bracelet, with a screen output, that allows one to get in touch with his relatives. But communication is not the only way to solve social issues applying telecommunication technologies to wearables.
Current applications
Adam Whiton and Yolita Nugent http://fr.gizmodo.com/2007/01/26/gtx_smart_gps_xplorer_shoe_la.html http://aving.net/usa/news/default.asp?mode=read&c_num=29008&c_ code=08&sp_code=0&btb_num=6698
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43 Thanks to the bluetooth, one can hug his soul mate at long distance with his mobile phone. The OutPut are inside the shirt, in the red circles. It can send the sense of hearbeat, heat of the body, or touch. Francesca Rosella and Ryan Genz. Cute circuit 2006 Flirting bunnies, flirt at distance. As you press your ears, a wireless signal is sent to your soul mate who sense through it’s hat your affection sign. So you can respond the same way. Chip Beck and CK Chan
Alison Lewis invented clothes that make seeling noice when another per-
Love and Wearables Love at distance is now possible thaks to the telecommunication technologies. Not only
son touch or you. Also it tells you thanks to light outputs if you lack signs of affection.
Technolust send caresses thanks to sensors placed in those undergardment and a
in words, but thanks to pressure sensors and outputs, one can send to his soulmate sign using the
wirelessdevice. It is a sort of game. It’s command is on the other player computer.
touch feeling.
Peter Allen and Carla Murray
http://yg.typepad.com/makingtoys/2005/12/the_flirtbunnie_1.html http://fr.gizmodo.com/2006/12/11/le_tshirt_qui_vous_embrasse.html http://www.core77.com/competition2000/technolust/main.html
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Poesie, music and Wearables In the cartoon animated by Tex Avery,Droopy Dixieland, 1954, we can see droopy playing music like an orchestra without instrument (thank to a dixieband of flee in his tale). The clothes made by scientists at the CSIRO’s Textile and Fibre Technology division in Australia, make the same illusion. There are woven electronic sensors into a T-shirtso that it can be played liked a real guitar.
Fashion and Wearables The Turkish fashion design has designed those amazing dresses that tell the fashion history, by changing shapes. It changes electronically thanks to geared motors. The Vilkas dress, by Joanna Berzowska, has been made for flirting, has we touch is the dress reveal the knee of the young lady. It work with a shape memory wire.
Louis XIX, the Sun King , would have loved the «peau d’âne « dresses, by Valérie Lamontagne. It uses wireless and solar-powered energy sources. The patterns on the dress will change according to informations received. A weathervane will send thanks to wireless to a computer chip the datas about the weather. One of the three dresses emits sounds thanks to micorphone, another will light up thanks to leds...
http://www.mobilegaze.com/valerie/valerie_peaudane.html http://www.we-make-money-not-art.com/archives/007836.php
Current applications
http://www.we-make-money-not-art.com/archives/007918.php http://www.style.com/fashionshows/collections/S2007RTW/complete/thumb/ HCHALAYA?trend=&page=3
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Super heroes and wearables Often in the marvel comics, the villain or the heroes have exoskeletons which allow them to bear strong weights and serve as armours.
Source: Popular Science 1-1938 The invisible man or harry potter have the capacity of being invisible.A digital video camera shoot the things behind the person wearing the costume. The computer treats the image.The projector reBatman bulletproof suit is probably
ceives the image from the computer .The silvered half of the mirror,
made out of kevlar fabric, which get rigid as a
which is completely reflective,sends the projected image toward the
current enters it. His wings work the same way,
person wearing the costume.The costume is used as a screen. It’s an
as, it is smooth but way he sends an impulse into
heavy device but we can imagine that withing few year a device ligh-
it the material hardens up.
ter will exist. Also the person looking at has to be in one place. http://science.howstuffworks.com/invisibility-cloak3.htm
Batman has also two beacons radars in his boots, which send signals to bats, and when batman wish it, a strident sound is sent in his cave and all the bats come creating chaos. He has also an infrared device which allows him to see villains behind walls. In The World Is Not Enough, 1999, Jams Bond has Xray glasses taht allows him to see hidden weapons and ladies hunderwears. Eventhought X ray technology is already used and works fine, in airports for exemple, his glasses are not yet realisable. http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/hottopics/jamesbond/bondgadgets.shtml http://www.we-make-money-not-art.com/archives/008800.php http://media.gear.ign.com/articles/624/624505/img_2850152.html http://gear.ign.com/articles/624/624505p2.html
«fictive» applications
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some applications for the future You’ll have to walk to eat, the shoe will sense how much you’ve walked and will send via wireless data to your computer, a program will calculate what kind of food and in what quantity you can eat.
Bird like clothes fight. As a potential player approach you clothes change shapes, the other person’s clothes change also shapes according to the signal the otherone sent, and so on...
A sensor in a hand device will sense acceleration and mvement and will send data to a device with microphone that makes comic sounds «bing, bang boom wheese» according to the type of movement.
As the instrument shirt, you’ll be able to make music without an intrument but for that you’ll need to dance with a partner. The movements of the two will make the music. Working with sensor of acceleration, movement and microwave of the partner...
some applications for the future
A sensor that sense fear chimicals or sensor on your head, activate pillows in your clothes that make you look stronger.
some applications for the future
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51 A community of curious people collect things to see in the environment, which form a new visit tour of one city. As we appraoch one thing to see, a ear piece tell you were to look at and the comments of the first person who saw the insolite object...
When i was little i would walk only on lines on the floor because imaginary crocodiles would eat me. Those shoes allow you to play this game for real. Sensors in the sole see the floor and decide where you can walk or not. For grown ups also... Maybe some eyes piece could actually show you the crocodiles.
As you wonder in your sad environment, and feel sad, a sensor sense that you need to be cheered and glasses show you imagies that might cheer you up...
Kids don’t stand right. This back bag sense the bending of your back and a actuator straight it up...
some applications for the future
You’re allergic to cats or you simply don’t like them. A sensor in you clothes feel cat and a microphone sends ultrasounds unbearable for cats.
You’re kid is at school, he’s starting to get hungry. You know about it because a sensor on his belly sense it, and a actuator on your vibrate.
some applications for the future
à consommer sans modération Sites http://www.we-make-money-not-art.com/ http://gadgets.engadget.com/ http://blog.modernmechanix.com/ http://fr.wikipedia.org/ http://www.lebloggadget.com/ http://www.howstuffworks.com/
Books How Computers Work, by Ron White, illustrated by Tim Downs at QUE Techno Textiles: Revolutionary Fabrics for Fashion and Design No. 2, by Sarah E. Braddock Clarke and Marie O’Mahony
