general osteology & arthrology

Feb 15, 2005 - FRAME, SHAPE ”The skeletal system is so important to me, Jill, because without it we would just be flat on the floor.” • PASSIVE ORGANS OF ...
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GENERAL

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OSTEOLOGY & ARTHROLOGY

Govard Bidloo (1690)

15th February 2005.

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2.

SUPPORTIVE SYSTEMS 1.) CONTINOUS GROWTH (living tissue !!!)

ENDOSKELETON ENDOSKELETON

2.) SMALL WEIGHT (high stability with moderate elasticity !!!)

1.) LIMITED GROWTH

ECTOSKELETON ECTOSKELETON

- imago: growth Ø - shells, snails: OK - shedding

2.) HIGH WEIGHT - terrestrial.: 10-16cm - aquatic: ~1m

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3.

SKELETAL SYSTEM OSSA = BONES

JUNCTURAE OSSIUM = JUNCTIONS BETWEEN BONES

(osteology) NUMBER: • at birth: 300-350 • adult: 206

AXIAL cranium (22) vertebral column (26) hyoid bone (1) thorax (25)

(arthrology)

GROUPING OF BONES

APPENDICULAR

AUDITORY OSSICLES

sup. extremities + cingulum (64) inf. extremities + cingulum (62)

(6)

• FRAME, SHAPE ”The skeletal system is so important to me, Jill, because without it we would just be flat on the floor.”

74

FUNCTIONS:

6 • PASSIVE 126 ORGANS OF MOVEMENTS • DEFENSE • OUTER FRAME (lungs) • HAEMOPOESIS

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4.

CLASSIFICATION OF BONES 1. OS LONGUM

2. OS BREVE

3. OS PLANUM

EPIPHYSIS (proximal)

DIAPHYSIS

4. OS PNEUMATICUM (LABYRINTHICUM)

EPIPHYSIS (distal)

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5.

THE STRUCTURE OF BONES 1. COMPACT BONE

SPONGY BONE

PERIOSTEUM (vessels + nerves)

MEDULLARY CAVITY

NUTRITIVE FORAMEN

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THE STRUCTURE OF BONES 2. LAMINA CORTICALIS

SUBSTANTIA SPONGIOSA

CAVUM MEDULLARE

6.

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THE STRUCTURE OF BONES 3.

7.

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8.

JUNCTONS BETWEEN BONES SYNARTHROSES

DIARTHROSES

(continous)

(interrupted)

SYNOSTOSIS

SYNDESMOSIS

(bony)

(fibrous/ligamentous)

ARTICULATIONES (SYNOVIAL JOINTS)

SYNCHONDROSIS (cartilagineous)

LIGAMENTOUS SUTURE serrate squamous

plane

GOMPHOSIS

SYMPHISIS

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ARTICULATIONS I. (SYNOVIAL JOINTS ) 1. OBLIGATORY COMPONENTS: ARTICULAR ENDS + SURFACES, FACETS MALE (= convex !!) FEMALE (= concave !!) ARTICULAR CARTILAGE hyalin (rarely fibrous !!!)

ARTICULAR CAPSULE FIBROUS CAPSULE SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE

SYNOVIA `ICE ON ICE`

LIGAMENTS (= ligamenta articularia)

9.

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ARTICULATIONS II. 2. ACCESSORY COMPONENTS: DISCUS & MENISCUS (= fibrous cartilage)

ARTICULAR LIP (= fibrous cartilage)

SYNOVIAL BURSA & VAGINA SYNOVIAL RECESS ARTICULAR MUSCLE

10.

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11.

ARTICULATIONS III. RTG

MRI

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ARTICULATIONS IV. 3. CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS:

UNIAXIAL

NUMBER OF AXES

BIAXIAL

MULTIAXIAL

!! nail !! HINGE (ginglymus)

PIVOT (trochoid joint)

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13.

ARTICULATIONS V.

UNIAXIAL

BIAXIAL

ELLIPSOID

MULTIAXIAL

SADDLE (articulatio sellaris) WRIST JOINT

NO ♀ or



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14.

ARTICULATIONS VI.

UNIAXIAL

BIAXIAL

BALL & SOCKET (spheroid joint)

MULTIAXIAL

TIGHT (amphiarthrosis)

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15.

ARTICULATIONS VII. 4. MOVEMENTS IN JOINTS: PLANES & AXES

EXTENSION

SPECIAL MOVEMENTS: FLEXION ABDUCTION

ANTE- / RETROPALMAR- / DORSALPLANTAR- / DORSAL-

FLEXION

RADIAL- / ULNARTIBIAL- / FIBULAR-

PRONATION - SUPINATION CIRCUMDUCTION !! EXTENT OF MOVEMENT IN DEGREES !!

ANTEFLEXION RETROFLEXION

ABDUCTION ADDUCTION

ROTATION IN- & OUT

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ARTICULATIONS VIII.

16.