Free Software tools for the Internet of things
François Revol
[email protected]
2011-07-11
FLOSS tools for Internet of Things - RMLL 2011
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Goals: Ambiant Intelligence ● ●
Harvest physical data Report to back-office servers
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Take decisions
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Make physical actions
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Social interactions
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Augmented reality
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Intelligent Cars
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Building automation ●
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Energy efficiency ●
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2011-07-11
Smart Building Smart Grid
…
FLOSS tools for Internet of Things - RMLL 2011
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Sensor Nodes & Smart Objects ●
Small embedded system - "motes" ●
μController (8/16/32bits) –
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TI MSP430, AVR, PIC… ARM
Network access – – –
Ethernet IEEE 802.15.4 Power Line Communication
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Sensors and actuators
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Power source (battery / mains / energy harvesting)
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Proprietary protocols ●
CAN, LONWorks…
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Very specialized ●
Automotive, building automation, heating control…
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Require proprietary (and expensive) software
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Interoperability requires protocol gateways ●
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Increases complexity, no 100% semantic mapping
Never really took off
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Internet of Things ●
Interconnection of Smart Objects through open protocols ●
With or without publically accessible address
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IPv6 \o/
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Foster interoperability
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Limits vendor lock-in –
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Second source easier to find for replacement
No complex protocol gateways
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Ethical Issues ●
Smartphones ●
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Electrical counters (Linky…) ●
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Who owns the consomption data that *I* produced?
What about security? ●
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Location (http://pleaserobme.com)
Crypto requires lots of cpu cycles (hardware accel)
What about Network Neutrality? ●
Will my ISP let me control *my* house as *I* want?
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It's coming anyway ●
So better make it Open Source / Free Software
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Most University projects use or create ●
Published or Open Hardware
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Free Software, or software that could be opened
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Several FOSS projects about Smart Grid
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OSAmI ●
ITEA2 European Project
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OpenSource for Ambiant Intelligence
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Hardware: Arduino ●
cf. earlier today http://2011.rmll.info/Arduino :-p
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Hardware CC-by-SA ; Software LGPL
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http://www.arduino.cc/
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ATmega328P 16MHz ●
32KB Flash, 2KB RAM
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Other models
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Many "shields" (exp. boards) ●
Ethernet, LoL…
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Hardware: Wismote ●
Hardware: CC-by-SA-NC ●
(hoping to remove -NC)
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Software: MIT (Contiki), EPL (Eclipse)
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http://wismote.org/
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MSP430F5x ●
16kB RAM, 256kB Flash
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TI CC2520 radio
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Made in France :-) 2011-07-11
FLOSS tools for Internet of Things - RMLL 2011
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Protocols ●
Billions of devices... IPv6!
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6LoWPAN (IPv6 over IEEE 802.15.4) ●
RoLL/RPL routing protocol
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UDP, TCP
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Application protocols ●
HTTP, REST, SOAP...
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CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) – –
Binary HTTP with resource semantics IETF draft
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6LoWPAN & RPL ●
Low Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) ●
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Very low packet delivery ratio !!
6LoWPAN ●
IPv6 over IEEE 802.15.4 –
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Header compression, address prefixes
RFC 4944
RPL ●
Routing Protocol for LLNs
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IETF draft (March 2011)
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Virtual Machines ●
Java (actually, a small subset of it) or other lang
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LeJOS (MPL) ●
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Threads, arrays, synchronization, java.lang.String...
Darjeeling ((L)GPL) ●
Threads, dynamic loading, java.lang.String...
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TakaTuka (GPLv3)
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Many others
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Operating Systems ●
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TinyOS ●
Component based
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Written in NesC
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IP stack
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RTEMS
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...
Smews ● ●
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http://smews.gforge.inria.fr Specialized in web servers CeCILL Licence
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Operating System: Contiki ●
http://www.sics.se/contiki/
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BSD Licence
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Drives the Internet of Things revolution
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Event driven - protothreads
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Many supported plaforms: C64, MSP430, Arduino...
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Full IPv6 stack (uIPv6)
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HTTP daemon, REST, CoAP, JSON
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EMMA (GPLv3) builds on Contiki with Node.js 2011-07-11
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Compilers ●
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Chip vendors mostly publish proprietary compilers But alternatives exist ●
GCC (GNU Compiler Collection) – – –
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arm-unknown-gcc mspgcc avrgcc
SDCC (Small Device C Compiler)
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Simulations ●
MSPSim (MSP430)
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Cooja (uses MSPSim) ●
simulates a whole network
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WSim (MSP430)
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WSNet (uses WSim) ●
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Simulates a whole network
QEMU (ARM)
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Use case: Flukso ●
http://www.flukso.net/
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Web-based community metering
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Monitor water & electricity consumption
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Flukso box
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Atheros AR2317
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ATmega 128 sensor board
Presented at FOSDEM 2010 & 2011 2011-07-11
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References ●
Interconnecting Smart Objects with IP: The Next Internet (Vasseur/Dunkels)
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IETF RFCs/drafts
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Websites
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