Section
12 Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) and Vinyl Siding
Contents 12.0.0 12.1.0 12.2.0 12.3.0 12.4.0 12.5.0 12.6.0 12.7.0 12.8.0 12.9.0 12.10.0 12.11.0 12.12.0 12.13.0 12.14.0 12.15.0 12.15.1 12.16.0 12.17.0
Introduction to EIFS Class PB and PM systems Components of EIFS for residential use—cut-away section Substrate, backwrapping, and EPS board installation Base coat application Finish coat application Sealants Protecting the system Tips on applying EPS boards EIFS Glossary Checklists Diagram of moisture drainage systems Typical board layout Typical system cross section Typical termination at foundation Typical expansion joint detail Typical expansion joint detail at floorline Typical aesthetic groove Typical window opening reinforcement
12.17.1 12.17.2 12.17.3 12.18.0 12.19.0 12.20.0 12.21.0 12.22.0 12.23.0 12.24.0 12.25.0 12.26.0 12.27.0 12.28.0 12.29.0 12.30.0 12.31.0 12.32.0
Typical EIFS termination at window head (with trim) Typical EIFS termination at window sill (with trim) Typical EIFS termination at window jamb (with trim) Termination at soffit/gable end Typical hose bib penetration Typical outdoor light fixture installation Introduction to vinyl siding installations made easy Basic installation rules Terms to know Fastener choices Fastening procedures Cutting the siding Installing accessories Outside and inside corner posts Windows, doors and roof lines Gables and trim Installation tips Cleaning mildew from vinyl siding
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12.0.0 Introduction to EIFS Developed in Europe in the 1950s, its introduction in the United States provided builders with another durable, relatively maintenance-free exterior wall finish that was aesthetically pleasing and cost-effective. This multicomponent system consists of: • An insulation board, generally expanded polystyrene (EPS) • A strong adhesive and/or a mechanical fastening system • A durable base coat reinforced with a glass fiber mesh • A finish coat that protects the substrate and is available in a variety of factory prepared colors. Various textures can be created during the application process. • Architectural shapes such as cornices, fascias, quoins articulation, keystones, and arches can be created in the facade by the use of additions to the base EPS board and/or routing of various portions of the EPS board. EIFS with drainage is an exterior cladding system that incorporates all of the above components and includes mesh or another medium placed directly over the building paper to create an opening between the sheathing and the backside of the insulation board through which any trapped water can drain to the outside. 12.1.0 Class PB and PM Systems There are two classes of EIFS systems: Class PB 1. The base coat thickness varies depending upon the number of layers or thickness of reinforcing mesh. This reinforcing mesh is embedded into the base coat per EIFS manufacturer recommendations and with no mesh color visible. 2. Protective finish coats, of various thicknesses, and available in a variety of colors and textures created by the applicator, are applied over the base coat. Class PM 1. The base coat is applied to a uniform thickness which can range from 1/4 inch (6 mm) nominal to 3 /8 inch (9 mm) nominal. The base coat thickness is not dependent upon the number of layers or thickness of reinforcing mesh. The reinforcing mesh is installed over the surface of the insulation board. The base coat is applied over the reinforcing mesh. 2. Protective finish coats, of various thickness, in a variety of colors and textures created by the applicator, are applied over the base coat. EIFS has been widely accepted in both the residential and commercial construction fields and provides an energy-efficient, cost-effective exterior wall surface. According to EIFS Industry Members Association, the following sheathing substrates can be used for Class PB EIFS. Sheathing Type
Allowable Weather Exposure
Gypsum board-paper faced, water resistant
One month without severe weather
Glass mat faced sheathing
Six months (typical)
Exterior grade plywood
Permanent
Exposure 1 plywood
OK for “long” construction delays
Oriented Strand Board (OSB)
OK for “long” construction delays
Cementitious
OK for sun, rain, or snow
Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) and Vinyl Siding
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To ensure a quality product, each of the components of an EIFS system requires strict compliance with established procedures and methods of application. Application tips and typical details are set forth in the following illustrations and text. 12.2.0 Components of EIFS for Residential Use—Cutaway Sections
(Courtesy of EIMA (EIFS Industry Members Association.)
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12.3.0 Substrate, Backwrapping, and EPS Board Installation
(By permission from EIFS Industry Members Association, Morrow, Georgia.)
Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) and Vinyl Siding
Continued
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Section 12
Continued
Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) and Vinyl Siding
12.4.0 Base Coat Application
(By permission from EIFS Industry Members Association, Morrow, Georgia.)
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Section 12
12.5.0 Finish Coat Application
(By permission from EIFS Industry Members Association, Morrow, Georgia.)
Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) and Vinyl Siding
12.6.0 Sealants
(By permission from EIFS Industry Members Association, Morrow, Georgia.)
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Section 12
12.7.0 Protecting the System
(By permission from EIFS Industry Members Association, Morrow, Georgia.)
Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) and Vinyl Siding
Continued
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12.8.0 Tips on Applying EPS Boards
(By permission from EIFS Industry Members Association, Morrow, Georgia.)
Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) and Vinyl Siding
12.9.0 EIFS Glossary
(By permission from EIFS Industry Members Association, Morrow, Georgia.)
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Section 12
Continued
Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) and Vinyl Siding
12.10.0 Checklists
(By permission from EIFS Industry Members Association, Morrow, Georgia.)
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12.11.0 Diagram of Moisture Drainage Systems
(By permission from EIFS Industry Members Association, Morrow, Georgia.)
Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) and Vinyl Siding
12.12.0 Typical Board Layout
(By permission from EIFS Industry Members Association, Morrow, Georgia.)
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12.13.0 Typical System Cross Section
(By permission from EIFS Industry Members Association, Morrow, Georgia.)
Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) and Vinyl Siding
12.14.0 Typical Termination at Foundation
(By permission from EIFS Industry Members Association, Morrow, Georgia.)
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12.15.0 Typical Expansion Joint Detail
(By permission from EIFS Industry Members Association, Morrow, Georgia.)
Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) and Vinyl Siding
12.15.1 Typical Expansion Joint Detail at Floorline
(By permission from EIFS Industry Members Association, Morrow, Georgia.)
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12.16.0 Typical Aesthetic Groove
(By permission from EIFS Industry Members Association, Morrow, Georgia.)
Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) and Vinyl Siding
12.17.0 Typical Window Opening Reinforcement
(By permission from EIFS Industry Members Association, Morrow, Georgia.)
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12.17.1 Typical EIFS Termination at Window Head (With Trim)
(By permission from EIFS Industry Members Association, Morrow, Georgia.)
Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) and Vinyl Siding
12.17.2 Typical EIFS Termination at Window Sill (With Trim)
(By permission from EIFS Industry Members Association, Morrow, Georgia.)
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12.17.3 Typical EIFS Termination at Window Jamb (With Trim)
(By permission from EIFS Industry Members Association, Morrow, Georgia.)
Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) and Vinyl Siding
12.18.0 Termination at Soffit/Gable End
(By permission from EIFS Industry Members Association, Morrow, Georgia.)
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12.19.0 Typical Nose Bib Penetration
(By permission from EIFS Industry Members Association, Morrow, Georgia.)
Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) and Vinyl Siding
12.20.0 Typical Outdoor Light Fixture Installation
(By permission from EIFS Industry Members Association, Morrow, Georgia.)
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12.21.0 Introduction to Vinyl Siding Installations Made Easy There are various substitutes for conventional wood siding on the market: solid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) siding, PVC-coated steel siding, and rigid polypropylene siding. All share one common property—less maintenance and upkeep than their wood replacements. Vinyl siding has been tested by ASTM and compliance with ASTM D3679 ensures quality in the following areas: Length and width check three places along a piece of siding to ensure that is meets the advertised length and width. Thickness siding is measured in thousandths of an inch along five or more places on the siding to ensure compliance with manufacturer’s specifications. Color
reflected light off a piece of siding “reads” the color for uniformity.
Gloss measure reflectivity of several pieces of the same brand. Camber
measures the straightness of the siding which cannot vary by more than 1⁄8 inch.
Heat shrinkage when placed in a hot air oven or water bath of 160°F, siding will not shrink more than 3 percent. Linear expansion freeze and then heat a small piece of siding (22°F to 54°F) to measure expansion and contraction. Surface distortion (oil canning) heat a piece of siding to 120°F and inspect. Impact resistance drop an eight-pound weight on a piece of siding with a force equal to 60 foot pounds and siding should not crack or tear at point of impact. Windload resistance subject siding to 80-mph winds to ensure that it stays on the wall. Weathering performance test pieces for two years to ensure that it will not chip, crack, peel, or flake. The proper installation of vinyl siding begins with a few basic installation rules set forth on the following pages. Vinyl siding terminology will be familiar to anyone in the trade. Fastener selection and fastener options range from corrosion resistant nails to screws or staples, but the method of installing these fasteners is peculiar to the product. As the Fastening Procedure illustrated sheet (Figure 12.25.0) reveals, vinyl siding can expand or contract 1⁄2 inch (1.25 cm) or more over a standard 12'6" (3.8 meters) length, therefore fasteners cannot be “driven home” to hold the siding tight to the substrate. A space about the thickness of a die is to be left between the back of the fastener and the face of the siding nailing slot.
Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) and Vinyl Siding
12.22.0 Basic Installation Rules
(By permission from Vinyl Siding Institute, Washington, D.C. Website: www.vinylsiding.org.)
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Section 12
12.23.0 Terms To Know
(By permission from Vinyl Siding Institute, Washington, D.C. Website: www.vinylsiding.org.)
Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) and Vinyl Siding
Continued
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12.24.0 Fastener Choices
(By permission from Vinyl Siding Institute, Washington, D.C. Website: www.vinylsiding.org.)
Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) and Vinyl Siding
12.25.0 Fastening Procedures
(By permission from Vinyl Siding Institute, Washington, D.C. Website: www.vinylsiding.org.)
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Continued
12.26.0 Cutting the Siding
(By permission from Vinyl Siding Institute, Washington, D.C. Website: www.vinylsiding.org.)
Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) and Vinyl Siding
12.27.0 Installing Accessories
(By permission from Vinyl Siding Institute, Washington, D.C. Website: www.vinylsiding.org.)
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12.28.0 Outside and Inside Corner Posts
(By permission from Vinyl Siding Institute, Washington, D.C. Website: www.vinylsiding.org.)
Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) and Vinyl Siding
12.29.0 Windows, Doors, and Roof Lines
(By permission from Vinyl Siding Institute, Washington, D.C. Website: www.vinylsiding.org.)
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Section 12
Continued
Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) and Vinyl Siding
Figure 12.29.0—Continued
12.30.0 Gable and Trim
(By permission from Vinyl Siding Institute, Washington, D.C. Website: www.vinylsiding.org.)
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12.31.0 Installation Tips 1. Special tools will come in handy: • A nail hole punch, sometimes called a slot punch which can be used to create a nailing slot in a piece of siding where the top edge has been ripped off. • A snap lock punch can also be used to create a tab along the edge of a panel that has been rip cut to fit under a window or at the top of a wall. • An unlocking tool, also called a zip tool, to be used to free an installed panel so it can be relocated door removed from the wall. 2. The straighter the substrate whether it by plywood, OSB, cement board, etc., the better the finished installation. Since the quality of the sheathing is dependent upon the quality of the framing, it is important to check for warped, bowed, out of plumb, or levelness of the framing prior to installing sheathing. 3. Siding manufacturers do not all recommend installing vinyl siding over felt paper since over time the felt can deteriorate. When that occurs, particles from the felt paper will fall into the siding butts and laps and may eventually bleed through the siding’s weep holes or joints. 4. When applying vinyl siding over masonry use 1" 3" (2.5 cm 7.5 cm) furring strips. 5. When installing a starter strip at sills above brick surfaces or garage doors or porches, nail a “J” channel to the substrate or furring strip nd place the siding in the “J” strip. 6. To obtain greater rigidity when installing outside corner posts, use a product called E-Z Post (registered trademark). This item is a wire cut foam insert that fits into corner posts making them easier to handle and more rigid once installed. 7. Follow the window manufacturer’s recommendations for creating a watertight installation. Some installers bend the bottom tabs up behind the side channel to provide a more watertight seal. 8. When a span requires more than one length of “J” channel, overlap the channels by a minimum of 3⁄4 inches (1.87 cm) to allow room for expansion and contraction. 9. When encountering an outside hose bib installation or an exterior electrical receptacle, the vinyl siding supplier can usually provide an injection-molded “J” block to make a quality enclosure around this obstacle. 10. When installing panels on a gable end, check the slope angle of the template from time to time to ensure that there is not too much variation in the slope angle from one course to the next. 11. To estimate the number of vented panels needed for soffit venting, determine the square footage of attic floor and divide by 2—this equals the total free net area required in square inches. Total free area is divided between intake vents located in the eaves and exhaust vents generally located at or near the roof peak—so divide this number in half. That is how much soffit venting you will need. This is a rough estimate, so check with the local building code before ordering soffit panels. 12. When joining two lengths of soffit panel over a long run, either use a piece of “H” trim to span the joint or overlap panels a minimum of 1 inch (2.5 cm). 12.32.0 Cleaning Mildew from Vinyl Siding Eaves, porch ceilings, and wall areas just below the eave line are susceptible to mildew forming in their surfaces. To remove mildew prepare the following solution: 1
⁄3 cup of laundry detergent
2
⁄3 cup trisodium phosphate
1 quarter of 5% sodium hypochlorite solution (bleach) 3 quarts of water Apply this solution to the mildew areas, allow it to remain for several minutes and the rinse off. Always wear eye protection and rubber gloves because the trisodium phosphate and bleach should be kept away from eyes and bare skin.
