Dr. Regina E. Dugan CEO, RedXDefense, LLC 7642 Standish Place Rockville, MD Ph (301) 2797970 [email protected] Dr. Dugan has PhD in mechanical engineering from the California Institute of Technology and her master’s and bachelor’s degrees from Virginia Tech. She is an experienced professional in defense against explosive threats and counterterrorism. On these topics, she has interacted with the highest authorities in Defense and Government. She is field experienced, having participated in active mine clearance efforts in Mozambique and field tested equipment in both Africa and Bosnia. She was also a special advisor directly to the Vice Chief of Staff of the Army (2001 -03) and continues to serve on senior advisory panels. In 1999, she was named DARPA Program Manager of the year and in 2000 she was awarded the Bronze deFleury medal, the most prestigious award of the Army Engineer Regiment. In 2001, Dr. Dugan co-founded Dugan Ventures, a niche investment firm, where she has served as President & CEO. Widely recognized for her leadership in technology development and an experienced public speaker, she has appeared on the Discovery Channel, National Public Radio, and The AAAS Science Report. She is the coauthor of Engineering Thermodynamics, 1996. She has many patents to her credit.

Novel Methods in Explosives Detection: From Operations to Olfaction This presentation focuses on a new conceptual framework as it relates to the lED threat and recent areas of research in new detection technologies ranging from quadrupole resonance to systems that mimic the mammalian olfactory system. The new conceptual framework consists of an order of magnitude (factor of ten) analysis of the terrorist or insurgency problem. It provides a straightforward organizing principle against which to test possible technological, organizational, or tactical solutions as well as a means for assessing their effectiveness in execution. The “bookends” principle illustrates the difficulty of achieving success using current approaches and challenges existing investment strategies for both the military and homeland security problem. The author suggests that current approaches and investments are overly focused on finding the bomb after deployment despite recognition that such solutions are unlikely to change the basic nature of the fight. The “bookends” principle shows that in the matching between the types of weapons/means of delivery and the possible target set, there exists a problem of order 100 to the 100th power (a combinatorial explosion). We will always lose if we fight here. The analysis does not suggest that we do nothing to stop certain weapons or protect key targets; it does, however, suggest that such activities be tailored to effect outcomes at the terrorist or insurgency organizational levels. The “bookends” theory highlights what most commanders and security officers know intuitively. It turns this intuitive understanding into an actionable organizing principle against which various solutions may be weighed. This conceptual framework serves as a backdrop for reviewing historical efforts in combating IEDs that have ranged from detection methods to armored vehicles. The author concludes by discussing and challenging the way forward.