A Prototype for an Agent-Based Electronic Contracting using an Organizational Model
Djamel Khadraoui, CRP Henri Tudor Benjamin Gâteau, CRP Henri Tudor, ENSM.SE
IAWTIC 2005 – 30th November 2005 – Vienna, Austria
Outline
Motivations
EBSME
Arbitration issue
Multi-agent based electronic contract
Contract specification
Prototype development
EBSME architecture
Agents integration
Conclusion
Khadraoui, Gâteau
Slide 2
Motivations [Gateau 04] Employee requests
Matching process Services
Contract
offers
Employer Registration
Negotiation / Creation
Execution Signature procedure
Khadraoui, Gâteau
Slide 3
Motivations
E-contracting domain
Autonomous user assistant → Autonomous agent
Contract specification → Organization and norms
Contracts have to be respected
But, user assistants are autonomous towards contract clauses, so, users and consequently software assistants are able to not respect contract terms.
How to control the respect of constraints?
Need of Arbitration System ...
... able to define and manage a set of contract constraints.
Contract enforcement → Electronic Institution
Khadraoui, Gâteau
Slide 4
Multi-agent based electronic contract model
Institutions define rules of game in a society with any form of constraint [North 90] Agent-mediated electronic institutions (e-Institutions)
An autonomous agents' organization in which their behaviors are ruled by norms and controlled by an arbitration system
Constraints specificiation Contract specification
Arbitration System Contract management
MOÏSEInst OS Agt
Agt
Agt
Agt SS
Synai: Institution Agent Middleware
NS
CS
FS
[Gateau 05] Khadraoui, Gâteau
Slide 5
Contract specification soc
DomArbitrator
User
Employer
1..1
g1: Contract validated g2: Contract set up g3: Contract signed g4: Contract executed g5: Contract payed g6: Contract arbitrated
1..1
Functional Scheme g1m1
g2m2
g4m4, m5
g3m3
g5m6
Employee
g21m2
1..1
Delivrable Scheme
g22m2
g221m22
g41m4
g42m5
g222m22
Contract
Start_Operations NonContract
Contract Back_Operations
Khadraoui, Gâteau
Context Null NonContract NonContract Contract Contract Contract
Id N1 N2 N7 N3 N8 N9
Cond Null Null Null Null Null Null
Issuer NMng NMng NMng NMng NMng NMng
Bearer User User User Employee Employer Employer
DeOp Mission Deadline Sanction O M1 Null Null Null Null O M2 M3 Null Null O O M4 Deadline N10 O M5 10 days Null O M6 20 days Null
Slide 6
EBSME architecture J2EE Server
Client
Container EJB
SOAP Caller
Applet
SOAP / SSL
Servlet SOAP
Business processes for contracts management
EJB
EJB
EJB
EJB
EJB
SQL
Database
Data Repository (contracts and skills)
EJB = software component that encapsulates business logic and data in portable (business) objects. J2EE framework is a model for component transaction monitors which allows the definition and implementation of EJBs.
Khadraoui, Gâteau
Slide 7
Agents integration – EJB vs Agent J2EE Container EJB
Agent framework EJB
Agent
Agent
EJB
EJB
Agent
Agent
EJB
EJB
Agent
Agent
J2EE Container Agent framework Agent EJB
EJB
Agent EJB
EJB
Agent EJB
EJB
Agents are components that implement business logic and state.
Agents have a standard interface to their underlying agent platform.
Agent platform provides common function and services to the agents.
=> EJB applications resemble agent platforms.
Integration of software agent technology:
Agents are constructed with standards EJB with “glue” component adding agent capabilities.
Khadraoui, Gâteau
Slide 8
Agents integration – MAS framework
Institution Instantiation adoptRole
SE
Institution Specification
Agent1 commitToMission setGoalSatisfied
FE
SS
NS
CS
FS
If OE doesn't respect OS:
Agent2
NE
An OE is a contract template (OS) instantiation
Steps of arbitration are:
Detection of a violation,
Correction of the violation
Sanction of the culprit.
OS
Agent3
CE
Agents
OE
MOISEInst
Incoherent organization
Need to roll back to a coherent organization.
OE must be represent by a its EJB equivalent.
Agents acting on the OE-EJB based have to be EJB-based agents
Advantage cumulated of J2EE and MAS frameworks
transaction and organization
Khadraoui, Gâteau
Slide 9
Agents integration – Model proposal J2EE Server
Client
Container Agent framework SOAP Caller
Applet
Agent EJB SOAP / SSL
Business processes for contracts management
Servlet SOAP
EJB-based agent
EJB SQL
Agent EJB
EJB
Agent EJB
EJB
Database
Data Repository (contracts and skills)
EBSME application server architecture integrating the agent platform
What about the security ensured by J2EE framework?
Agents act through EJBs, the security is the same
Khadraoui, Gâteau
Slide 10
Conclusion
MOÏSE
as e-contract specification
e-Institution =
Inst
MOÏSE
Inst
+
SYNAI
Electronic contracts specification and supervision
Agents integration within J2EE based EBSME
EJB and Agents
Security impact
Next steps
Multi-institutional e-contracting application modeling.
Same validation into iTV domain [Gateau 05]
Khadraoui, Gâteau
Slide 11
Thanks for your attention Thanks for your attention ... QUESTIONS ?
contact:
[email protected],
[email protected] web: http://bnjgat.free.fr/pro/moiseinst.php IAWTIC 2005 – 30th November 2005 – Vienna, Austria
References
[North 90] D.C. North. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge University Press, 1990. [Hubner 02] J.F. Hubner, J.S. Sichman, & O. Boissier. A model for the structural, functional, and deontic specification of organizations in multiagent systems in SBIA 2002, pp. 118-128. [Gateau 04] B. Gateau, D. Mathevon, D. Khadraoui, O. Boissier & E. Dubois. Transforming a Secure eCommerce Application into a Multi-Agent based solution for eContracting in IAWTIC 2004. [Gateau 05] B. Gateau, O. Boissier, D. Khadraoui, & E. Dubois. An Organizational Model for Specifying Rights and Duties of Autonomous Agents in CoOrg 2005.
Khadraoui, Gâteau
Slide 13
Implementation – Computable specification
MoiseInst package
moise.os
moise.os.ss
moise.os.fs
moise.os.cs
moise.os.ns
moise.oe
OEAgent.java
moise.tools
fr SimOE.java
fr
Khadraoui, Gâteau
Slide 14
Implementation – moise.oe package moise moise.oe OS
1..1
0..*
0..*
OE
ContextSpec
1..1
Role
1..1
OEAgent
1..1
0..*
1..1
RolePlayer
0..*
SCH
0..*
0..*
1..1
Norm
SCHSpec
0..* 1..1 1..1 0..*
0..* GrpSpec
1..1 1..1
0..* 1..1
Khadraoui, Gâteau
0..* PlanInstance
Group
0..* 0..* 1..1 GoalInstance 1..1
1..1
0..* 0..* MissionPlayer
1..1
Mission
Slide 15
Simulation
Khadraoui, Gâteau
Slide 16
Agents integration – MAS framework
Synai: Arbitration system
Two arbitration modes:
Arbitration with correction (allowing unauthorized action)
gViolDet: Violation detected gSViolDet: Structural Violation detected Arbitration preventing unauthorized action. gFViolDet: Functional Violation detected Detection Scheme Correction Scheme gNViolDet: Normative Violation detected
Steps are
gVDmDet
gViolCor: corrected Detection of a violation, gSViolCor: Structural Violation corrected the Violation culprit. gFViolCor: Functional corrected gNViolCor: Normative Violation corrected Violation
gVCmCor
(correction of the violation,) sanction of
gSVDmVS gFVDmVF gNVDmVN gSVCmCS gFVCmCF gNVCmCN
gOCoh: Organization coherent gOCor: Organization corrected gOBloc: Organization blocked
Arbitration Scheme gOCohmAC, mAB begin chgArb
gOBmAB
gOCmAC
CorrArb
BlocArb chgArb
Detection Scheme
Khadraoui, Gâteau
Correction Scheme
Sanction Scheme
Detection Scheme
Sanction Scheme
end
end
Slide 17
