AFRIAT David DEETJEN Eric FARHAOUI Mehdi SCHAFF Pierre
France: first European country for agriculture. CAP. Decreasing. 3 ... Sustainable agriculture. Natural and local ... Project over 3 years. Creation of concepts. Combining with an EEIGM project ... and first ideas), ten minutes alone to write them.
Production of food, feed, fiber, by growing animals or harvesting plants
Employment:
France:
4.3% in 2002
3.5% in 2005
Decreasing
France: first European country for agriculture
CAP 3
"meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs"
Sustainable agriculture
Natural and local resources
Reduction of waste production
Respect of living beings
Economic benefits permit
Limitation of erosion and soil degradation
4
Demand
Designing an innovative sustainable tillage tool
Creation of concepts
Final product
Combining with an EEIGM project
Project over 3 years 5
Project Group:
4 different roles work in pairs Self Directed English (e-mail+platform)
8people, 4 pairs, 4 ENSAIA, 4 ENSGSI
Combining of knowledge and skills
6
7
Actors of the project Buying / Selling spares Buying / Selling farming materials
Decides conventions
Gives farming instructions
Debrief
Brings grants-in-aid Advising farmers Resale Bargain or lending
Flows of materials (products and raw materials) Financial flows Flows of information
8
9
Ploughing Ploughing Switch Switch the the layers layers
yes yes
Simplified Simplified farming farming
Direct Direct sowing sowing
no no
TILLAGE Break Break up up the the soil soil
• Seedbed preparation • Mechanical weed control • Stubble management
[Arvalis] Good Good increase increase observed observed since since 1990’s 1990’s (+) (+) costs costs (+) (+) time time
But But :: (-) (-) Conditioning Conditioning factors factors (-) (-) Habits Habits of of farmers farmers difficult difficult to to change change 11
Middle age
XVII-XVIII
+ Forepart
Introduction of iron and steel Handle Plowshare Frame
Ploughing depth regulation system
Nowadays
- New wear and tear parts before the plowshare
-Automation (no more handles) - Improvement - Enlargement - Diversification
XIX-XX
Stubble clearing Stubble clearer
Plough
Decompacting
Decompactor
13
Heavy harrow
Rotative harrow Seedbed preparation Vibrocultor
Roller 14
We don’t know anything about the know-how of the future enterprise There is no single tool which aggregates all the functions and work every time
17
19
23
Robust Simple
Rond- edged
Sharp
Multiple Multiple Thin
24
Little game in team to begin : place yourselves all together on a small sheet of paper every time more tiny
On little sheet of paper in order to keep them, throw out all your ideas from your mind (spontaneous and first ideas), ten minutes alone to write them.
Subject : How to turn over an object ? ( every kind of objects, every kind of techniques)
Subject : compare labour work with sex, a field with the ocean, a fisher with a farmer and to finish tillage with digging animals Example of analogy : tillage and digging animals
During the session a lot of new ideas have emerged, it is time to work on them
Discussion on every new concepts about advantages and disadvantages of it (you can choose the main important factors)
Goal:
define the duties that the new farming tool will have to do.
Steps: •Identify the exterior environment •Define functions •Characterize functions by defining criterions For every criterion level For every level a flexibility from 0 to 3 Imperative way •Organize the functions in a hierarchy
Indicative way
Identify the exterior environment
35
Define functions F1
F2
36
F7
F1
F4 F5
F6
F2 F3
37
Characterize functions by defining criterions
Criterion Level
Flexibility
Good situation Criterions
passages of the Number of functions tool per tool and per Time hectare Ratio weight/width of tool Labouring dry soil Labouring wet soil Diameter of clumps Labouring a very clayey soil Labouring athe sloping Preserving faunasoil of the soil New needed skills Stage of innovation Technical perfecting Nature of energy Decreasing in the consumption Purchasing cost Using cost only for the tool Total cost Overall dimensions when it is not used Useful life Disponilbility of spare parts Compatibility of spare parts
Medium situation Level
Flexibility
≤3 ≥2 ≤45 min/ha ≤1 tonne/ m of tool water content ≤ 30% water content ≥70% 15 ans
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