D Darrell ll Tryon T (1994: 635) says: “The status of the six languages of Utupua and Vanikoro is in no doubt. These are clearly y Austronesian languages g g by any standards.” standards.”
Focusing on the languages of Vanikoro Vanikoro, I'd I d like to show there is room for doubt on that assumption: either the languages of Vanikoro are not Austronesian or if they indeed are Austronesian Austronesian,, this is anything but ‘clear’, because most of their AN characteristics have disappeared.
This paper will not come up with definite conclusions: at least I'd like to show there is a problem to be solved by future future research —ap problem overlooked byy former accounts.
Meso--Melanesian Meso
South--East Solomonic South
‘Eastern Outer Islands’ ??
• ‘East East Papuan Papuan’ languages • Oceanic early migrations • Polynesian outliers
North Central Vanuatu
?
The three languages of Vanikoro
The three languages of Vanikoro Teanu (Buma) Lovono L (Vano) Tanema
my text corpus
14300 words 1410 words od 1133 words
800 speakers 4 speakers k 3 speakers
Although these 3 languages share the same syntax, they show spectacular formal (lexical, morphological) diversity.
Example
‘We were in our garden, we've been planting crops.’ 1exc:pl-stay in 1exc:pl TEA LVN TNM
Pi-te Nupe-lu Tei-o
garden
our
1exc:pl-plant food 1exc:pl
ne sekele iupa, pi-wowo none. ne amenonga iemitore, nupe-ngoa nane. ini vasangola akegamuto, ti-oa bauva.
The three languages of Vanikoro
Before even looking at the relations of Vanikoro with external languages, this spectacular formal diversity within Vanikoro is in itself a puzzle that deserves to be solved in the future.
This situation recalls (at least impressionistically) the diversity found between Papuan languages – much more so than between any two close AN languages. g g
For methodological reasons, I will essentially focus on one language in thi demonstration: this d t ti T Teanu. Teanu . It can be seen as representative of the 3 languages, at least regarding g their AN status. the difficulty of proving
Searching for Oceanic cognates
Observing the lexicon of Teanu: Most lexical items seem disconnected from any known POc etyma.
Only 87 items (out of 1100) retained my attention as of possible Oceanic origin. 87 is not negligible l bl (indeed these items are often cited as evidence that Teanu is Oceanic) Oceanic)
but this corresponds to only 7.9 9 percent of the lexicon lexicon, which is close to the margin of error (chance and borrowing)
Moreover: M Among these 87 items, phonological correspondences are irregular and often require ad hoc hypotheses.
Searching for Oceanic cognates POc
Kahua
Teanu
Lo--Toga Lo
[S.E.Solomonic]
[Vanikoro]
[N.C.Vanuatu]
pepane
nənorə
yesterday
*nañorap
nanora
red
*meRaq
memera
snake
*mwata
mwa
abilo
ŋwetə
village
*panua
hi hinua
k l kulumoe
ß ü ßənüə
bamboo
*qauR
ɣau
die
*mate mate
mae
*maturuR
mauru
his/her hair
*pulu-ña
huru-na
sago palm
*qatop
sleep
you two
*kamiu rua
məmi
ɔ -bu
met mətür
fiabasa ini
lü-nə
ao
et
ɣamirua
kəmýr
Searching for Oceanic cognates POc
Kahua
Teanu
Lo--Toga Lo
[S.E.Solomonic]
[Vanikoro]
[N.C.Vanuatu]
yesterday
*nañorap
nanora
pepane
nənorə
red
*meRaq
memera
moloe
məmi
snake
*mwata
mwa
abilo
ŋwetə
village
*panua
hi hinua
k l kulumoe
β ü βənüə
bamboo
*qauR
ɣau
okoro
ɔ
die
*mate mate
mae
-bu
met
*maturuR
mauru
-mokoiu
mətür
his/her hair
*pulu-ña
huru-na
fiabasa ini
lü-nə
sago palm
*qatop
ao
otovo
et
ɣamirua
kela
kəmʊr
sleep
you two
*kamiu rua
Searching for Oceanic cognates POc
Kahua
Teanu
Lo--Toga Lo
[S.E.Solomonic]
[Vanikoro]
[N.C.Vanuatu]
yesterday
*nañorap
nanora
pepane
nənorə
red
*meRaq
memera
molloe mo
məmi
snake
*mwata
mwa
abilo
ŋwetə
village
*panua
hi hinua
k l kulumoe
β ü βənüə
bamboo
*qauR
ɣau
okoro
ɔ
die
*mate mate
mae
-bu
met
*maturuR
mauru
-mok mokoiu
mətür
his/her hair
*pulu-ña
huru-na
fiabasa ini
lü-nə
sago palm
*qatop
ao
( )otovo )otovo
et
ɣamirua
kela
kəmʊr
sleep
you two
*kamiu rua
Searching for Oceanic cognates menuko ma luro aele uo
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