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A look at the new LSA types in OSPFv3 with Vyatta and Cisco 10 November 2011 by Garry Baker

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OSPFv3 brings on a few changes. This post will take a look at the two new LSA types in OSPFv3 using a Cisco and Vyatta router with a simple DR BDR on a FastEthernet segment directly connected in area 0.0.0.0. Cisco to Vyatta with the Cisco as DR and then Cisco to Cisco with the Cisco as DR viewing the results of the OSPFv3 database on the BDR. The LSA changes a few of the names and adds tw0 more, so we will pull the definitions from RFC 5340 - OSPF for IPv6 of the two new LSA types. Then we will take a look at some LSA information from screen captures from Vyatta and Cisco, showing the same information just a little different format. LSA Type 8 – Link LSA The LSA type of a link-LSA is set to the value 0×0008.  Link-LSAs have link-local flooding scope.  A router originates a separate link-LSA for each attached link that supports two or more (including the originating router itself) routers.  Link-LSAs SHOULD NOT be originated for virtual links. Link-LSAs have three purposes: 1.  They provide the router’s link-local address to all other routers attached to the link. 2.  They inform other routers attached to the link of a list of IPv6 prefixes to associate with the link. 3.  They allow the router to advertise a collection of Options bits in the network-LSA originated by the Designated Router on a broadcast or NBMA link. LSA Type 8 is pretty straight forward as we look at a few screen shots from Cisco and Vyatta, just a little different formatting betweeen the two vendors, but it is all there.  The capture can be seen at

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LSA Type 9 – Intra-Area Prefix LSA The LS type of an intra-area-prefix-LSA is set to the value 0×2009.Intra-area-prefix-LSAs have area flooding scope. An intra-area-prefix-LSA has one of two functions: 1.  It either associates a list of IPv6 address prefixes with a transit network link by referencing a network-LSA… 2.  Or associates a list of IPv6 address prefixes with a router by referencing a router-LSA.  A stub link’s prefixes are associated with its attached router. LSA Type 9 is breaking free of LSA Type 1 and LSA Type 2 as they were used in IPv4 OSPF to advertise the prefixes inside the areas, giving us a change in the way the OSPF SPF algorithm is ran. We will take a look at a few debugs to see the difference towards the end of this post. Take a look the capture on CloudShark then look at the output on the Cisco vs. Vyatta.

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Here you can see from a screen shot of WireShark that there are 2 Type 9 LSAs sent from the Vyatta and  to the Cisco in the LS Update packet.

Cisco (Version 12.4(15)T12) only displays the Reference to the Network LSA showing the prefix, but Vyatta shows the Reference to the Network with the prefix and the Router but no prefix. 2002 being Network-LSA and 2001 being Router-LSA with the Vyatta and Cisco using the different terms numbers vs the name of the LSA.

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Now, let’s go back to that SPF alogrithim and the amount of change that takes places when an interface goes in and out of the OSPF database with the IPv4 OSPF and the new LSA Types in IPv6 OSPFv3. Add a IPv4 and IPv6 loopback, then remove those  loopbacks to watch the SPF alogrithim run. Notice the difference in the amount of debug output that there is betwen IPv4 and IPv6. CISCO1 CISCO3 connected via direct connect FastEthernet inteface DR and BDR.

CISCO1#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z. CISCO1(config)#int loop 100 CISCO1(config-if)#ip add 100.100.100.100 *Mar  1 00:56:00.575: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback100, changed state to up 2 CISCO1(config-if)#ip add 100.100.100.100 255.255.255.0 CISCO3#debug ip ospf spf OSPF spf events debugging is on OSPF spf intra events debugging is on OSPF spf inter events debugging is on OSPF spf external events debugging is on CISCO3# *Mar  1 00:56:08.387: OSPF: Detect change in LSA type 1, LSID 1.1.1.1, from 1.1.1.1 area 0 *Mar  1 00:56:08.391: OSPF: Schedule SPF in area 0       Change in LS ID 1.1.1.1, LSA type R, , spf-type Full *Mar  1 00:56:13.391: OSPF: running SPF for area 0, SPF-type Full *Mar  1 00:56:13.391: OSPF: Initializing to run spf *Mar  1 00:56:13.391:  OSPF – spf_intra() – rebuilding the tree *Mar  1 00:56:13.391:  It is a router LSA 1.1.1.3. Link Count 1 *Mar  1 00:56:13.395:   Processing link 0, id 1.1.1.3, link data 1.1.1.3, type 2 *Mar  1 00:56:13.395:    Add better path to LSA ID 1.1.1.3, gateway 1.1.1.3, dist 10 *Mar  1 00:56:13.395: OSPF: putting LSA on the clist LSID 1.1.1.3, Type 2, Adv Rtr. 1.1.1.3 *Mar  1 00:56:13.395:    Add path: next-hop 1.1.1.3, interface FastEthernet0/0 *Mar  1 00:56:13.399: OSPF: downheap LSA on the clist LSID 1.1.1.3, Type 2, Adv Rtr. 1.1.1.3,                               from index 1 to index 1 *Mar  1 00:56:13.399: OSPF: Added Network Route to 1.1.1.0 Mask /24. Metric: 10, Next Hop: 1.1.1.3 *Mar  1 00:56:13.399:  It is a network LSA 1.1.1.3. Router Count 2 *Mar  1 00:56:13.399:   Processing router id 1.1.1.3 *Mar  1 00:56:13.403:   New newdist 10 olddist 0 *Mar  1 00:56:13.403:   Processing router id 1.1.1.1 *Mar  1 00:56:13.403:    Add better path to LSA ID 1.1.1.1, gateway 1.1.1.1, dist 10 *Mar  1 00:56:13.403: OSPF: putting LSA on the clist LSID 1.1.1.1, Type 1, Adv Rtr. 1.1.1.1 *Mar  1 00:56:13.407:    Add path: next-hop 1.1.1.1, interface FastEthernet0/0 *Mar  1 00:56:13.407: OSPF: downheap LSA on the clist LSID 1.1.1.1, Type 1, Adv Rtr. 1.1.1.1,                               from index 1 to index 1 *Mar  1 00:56:13.407:  It is a router LSA 1.1.1.1. Link Count 2

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*Mar  1 00:56:13.407:   Processing link 0, id 100.100.100.100, link data 255.255.255.255, type 3 *Mar  1 00:56:13.411:    Add better path to LSA ID 100.100.100.100, gateway 100.100.100.100, dist 11 *Mar  1 00:56:13.411:    Add path: next-hop 1.1.1.1, interface FastEthernet0/0 *Mar  1 00:56:13.411:   Processing link 1, id 1.1.1.3, link data 1.1.1.1, type 2 *Mar  1 00:56:13.411:   Ignore newdist 20 olddist 10 *Mar  1 00:56:13.411: OSPF: Adding Stub nets *Mar  1 00:56:13.411: OSPF: Added Network Route to 100.100.100.100 Mask /32. Metric: 11, Next Hop: 1.1.1.1 *Mar  1 00:56:13.411: OSPF: Entered intra-area route sync – area 0 *Mar  1 00:56:13.415: OSPF: Entered intra-area route sync – area 0 *Mar  1 00:56:13.415: OSPF: ospf_gen_asbr_sum_all_areas *Mar  1 00:56:13.415: OSPF: running spf for summaries area 0 *Mar  1 00:56:13.415: OSPF: Entered inter-area route sync – area 0 *Mar  1 00:56:13.415: OSPF: Entered inter-area route sync – area 0 *Mar  1 00:56:13.415: OSPF: Started Building Type 5 External Routes *Mar  1 00:56:13.415: OSPF: Started Building Type 7 External Routes *Mar  1 00:56:13.415: OSPF: Entered External route sync – area dummy area *Mar  1 00:56:13.415: OSPF: Entered External route sync – area dummy area *Mar  1 00:56:13.415: OSPF: Entered NSSA route sync – area 0 *Mar  1 00:56:13.415: OSPF: Entered NSSA route sync – area 0 CISCO1(config-if)#no int loop 100 CISCO1(config)# *Mar  1 00:58:59.867: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Loopback100, changed state to administratively down *Mar  1 00:59:00.867: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback100, changed state to down CISCO3# *Mar  1 00:58:58.767: OSPF: Detect change in LSA type 1, LSID 1.1.1.1, from 1.1.1.1 area 0 *Mar  1 00:58:58.767: OSPF: Schedule SPF in area 0 Change in LS ID 1.1.1.1, LSA type R, , spf-type Full *Mar  1 00:59:03.771: OSPF: running SPF for area 0, SPF-type Full *Mar  1 00:59:03.771: OSPF: Initializing to run spf *Mar  1 00:59:03.771:  OSPF – spf_intra() – rebuilding the tree *Mar  1 00:59:03.771:  It is a router LSA 1.1.1.3. Link Count 1 *Mar  1 00:59:03.775:   Processing link 0, id 1.1.1.3, link data 1.1.1.3, type 2 *Mar  1 00:59:03.775:    Add better path to LSA ID 1.1.1.3, gateway 1.1.1.3, dist 10 *Mar  1 00:59:03.775: OSPF: putting LSA on the clist LSID 1.1.1.3, Type 2, Adv Rtr. 1.1.1.3 *Mar  1 00:59:03.775:    Add path: next-hop 1.1.1.3, interface FastEthernet0/0 *Mar  1 00:59:03.779: OSPF: downheap LSA on the clist LSID 1.1.1.3, Type 2, Adv Rtr. 1.1.1.3, from index 1 to index 1 *Mar  1 00:59:03.779: OSPF: Added Network Route to 1.1.1.0 Mask /24. Metric: 10, Next Hop: 1.1.1.3 *Mar  1 00:59:03.779:  It is a network LSA 1.1.1.3. Router Count 2 *Mar  1 00:59:03.779:   Processing router id 1.1.1.3 *Mar  1 00:59:03.783:   New newdist 10 olddist 0 *Mar  1 00:59:03.783:   Processing router id 1.1.1.1 *Mar  1 00:59:03.783:    Add better path to LSA ID 1.1.1.1, gateway 1.1.1.1, dist 10 *Mar  1 00:59:03.783: OSPF: putting LSA on the clist LSID 1.1.1.1, Type 1, Adv Rtr. 1.1.1.1 *Mar  1 00:59:03.787:    Add path: next-hop 1.1.1.1, interface FastEthernet0/0 *Mar  1 00:59:03.787: OSPF: downheap LSA on the clist LSID 1.1.1.1, Type 1, Adv Rtr. 1.1.1.1, from index 1 to index 1 *Mar  1 00:59:03.787:  It is a router LSA 1.1.1.1. Link Count 1 *Mar  1 00:59:03.787:   Processing link 0, id 1.1.1.3, link data 1.1.1.1, type 2 *Mar  1 00:59:03.791:   Ignore newdist 20 olddist 10 *Mar  1 00:59:03.791: OSPF: Adding Stub nets *Mar  1 00:59:03.791: OSPF: Entered intra-area route sync – area 0 *Mar  1 00:59:03.791: OSPF: Entered intra-area route sync – area 0 *Mar  1 00:59:03.795: OSPF: ospf_gen_asbr_sum_all_areas *Mar  1 00:59:03.795: OSPF: running spf for summaries area 0 *Mar  1 00:59:03.795: OSPF: Entered inter-area route sync – area 0 *Mar  1 00:59:03.795: OSPF: Entered inter-area route sync – area 0 *Mar  1 00:59:03.795: OSPF: Started Building Type 5 External Routes *Mar  1 00:59:03.799: OSPF: Started Building Type 7 External Routes *Mar  1 00:59:03.799: OSPF: Entered External route sync – area dummy area

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*Mar  1 00:59:03.799: OSPF: Entered External route sync – area dummy area *Mar  1 00:59:03.799: OSPF: Entered NSSA route sync – area 0 *Mar  1 00:59:03.799: OSPF: Entered NSSA route sync – area 0

Now IPv6 same routers, CISCO1 CISCO3 connected via direct connect FastEthernet inteface DR and BDR. CISCO1(config)#int loop 100 CISCO1(config-if)# *Mar  1 01:03:48.867: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Loopback100, changed state to up *Mar  1 01:03:49.867: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback100, changed state to up CISCO1(config-if)#ipv6 address 2100::100/64 CISCO1(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 1 area 0.0.0.0 CISCO3#debug ipv6 ospf spf OSPFv3 spf intra events debugging is on OSPFv3 spf inter events debugging is on OSPFv3 spf external events debugging is on CISCO3# *Mar  1 01:04:48.767: OSPFv3: running SPF for area 0.0.0.0, cause P *Mar  1 01:04:48.767: OSPFv3: Intra-Area SPF (Prefix), Area 0.0.0.0 *Mar  1 01:04:48.767: OSPFv3: Process Prefix LSAs *Mar  1 01:04:48.767:   Router 1.1.1.1/0, 1 prefix, ref 1.1.1.1/0 type 2001 *Mar  1 01:04:48.771:     install 2100::100/128 metric 10 *Mar  1 01:04:48.771:       adding path FastEthernet0/0/FE80::211:11FF:FE11:1111 *Mar  1 01:04:48.771:   Router 1.1.1.1/1000, 1 prefix, ref 1.1.1.1/4 type 2002 *Mar  1 01:04:48.771:     install 2001::/64 metric 10 *Mar  1 01:04:48.775:       adding path FastEthernet0/0/:: *Mar  1 01:04:48.775:   Adding deferred prefixes, area 0.0.0.0 *Mar  1 01:04:48.775:     prefix 2100::100/128 *Mar  1 01:04:48.779: OSPFv3: Check VLs *Mar  1 01:04:48.779: OSPF: ospf_gen_asbr_sum_all_areas *Mar  1 01:04:48.779: OSPFv3: Inter-Area SPF, Area 0.0.0.0 *Mar  1 01:04:48.779: OSPFv3: External SPF Type 4005 *Mar  1 01:04:48.779: OSPFv3: External SPF Type 2007 CISCO1(config-if)#no int loop 100 CISCO3# *Mar  1 01:06:12.683: OSPFv3: Changed LSA 1.1.1.1/0, type 2009, area 0.0.0.0 *Mar  1 01:06:12.687: OSPFv3: Detect MAXAGE in LSA 1.1.1.1/0, type 2009 *Mar  1 01:06:17.687: OSPFv3: running SPF for area 0.0.0.0, cause P *Mar  1 01:06:17.687: OSPFv3: Intra-Area SPF (Prefix), Area 0.0.0.0 *Mar  1 01:06:17.687: OSPFv3: Process Prefix LSAs *Mar  1 01:06:17.691:   Router 1.1.1.1/1000, 1 prefix, ref 1.1.1.1/4 type 2002 *Mar  1 01:06:17.691:     install 2001::/64 metric 10 *Mar  1 01:06:17.691:       adding path FastEthernet0/0/:: *Mar  1 01:06:17.691: OSPFv3: Delete old prefixes *Mar  1 01:06:17.691:   processing 2100::100/128, paths (0/1), state (1/0/1) *Mar  1 01:06:17.695:     deleting all paths *Mar  1 01:06:17.695: OSPFv3: Check VLs *Mar  1 01:06:17.695: OSPF: ospf_gen_asbr_sum_all_areas *Mar  1 01:06:17.695: OSPFv3: Inter-Area SPF, Area 0.0.0.0 *Mar  1 01:06:17.699: OSPFv3: External SPF Type 4005 *Mar  1 01:06:17.699: OSPFv3: External SPF Type 2007 Wrapping this post up, OSPFv3 has a few changes, but it is still OSPF after it is all said and done.  Just more of the little things that we will need to be aware of when moving forward to IPv6.  And the Vyatta add-on to this post was me venturing out from my normal Cisco-centric view to take a look at different formating that vendors do within the CLI from the packets they exchange on the wire.  And the great thing about Vyatta is that it is free to download and use in a virtual setup, which is great because most of my time is spent on virtualized configurations as I do not have a whole lot of access to hardware.

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