S p e c i f i c o f
R e f r a c t i v e
P o l y m e r s
i n
I n d e x D i l u t e
I n c r e m e n t s S o l u t i o n *
S. M i c h i e l s e n School of Textile and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
A. B. C. D.
Introduction VU-547 Introduction from the Third Edition VII-547 Refractometric Calibration Data VII-550 Tables of Specific Refractive Index Increments of Polymer Solutions VII-551 Table 1. Main-Chain Acyclic Carbon Polymers VII-551 1.1. Poly(dienes) VII-551 1.2. Poly(alkenes) VII-553 1.3. Poly(acrylic acid) and Derivatives VII-557 1.4. Poly(methacrylic acid) and Derivatives VII-561 1.5. Other a- or p-Substituted Poly(acrylics) and Poly(methacrylics) VII-573 1.6. Poly(styrenes) VII-574 1.7. Other Compounds VII-588 Table 2. Main-Chain Cyclic Carbon Polymers VII-594 Table 3. Main-Chain Heteroatom Polymers VII-594 3.1. C - O - C Polymers (Poly(oxides), Poly(esters), and Others) VII-594 3.2. C-S-C Polymers (Poly(sulfones) and Others) VII-599 3.3. C - N - C Polymers (Poly(amides), Poly(isocyanates), Poly(urethanes), and Others) VII-600 3.4. Poly(amino acids) VII-604 3.5. Poly(silanes) and Poly(silazanes) Vll-606 3.6. Poly(heterocyclics) and Others VII-608 Table 4. Cellulose and Derivatives VII-609 Table 5. Poly(saccharides) VII-611 E. References VII-615
trend of using XQ = 633 nm from the HeNe laser continues and thus the 633 nm data has been given its own column in this compilation. As in the previous edition, most copolymer data has not been included. Perhaps the most significant change since the previous edition is the coupling of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with multiple detectors, largely eliminating the need for v for obtaining molecular weights. In addition, the measurement of the specific refractive index increment has become so routine that many authors no longer report the results of these measurements. These two factors combine to reduce the number of new entries to a mere 46 new references and about 160 new entries. Finally, the excellent introduction written by Huglin for the third edition has been retained in its entirety and follows this brief introduction. B.
INTRODUCTION FROM THE THIRD EDITION
This is the limiting value at c — 0 of the quantity (n — no)/c, where n and no are the refractive indices of the solution and solvent, respectively, and c (g/ml) denotes the concentration of the polymer in solution. Conditions of constant pressure p, constant temperature T, and a fixed wavelength of light in vacuum, Ao, are implied. Specific refractive index increments are required to determine the weight-average molecular weight, Af w , of a polymer and the second virial coefficient, Aj, of a polymer in solution, using the light scattering equation. (Al) where (A2)
A.
INTRODUCTION
This section presents a compilation of the specific index of refraction increments, v = dn/dc, of polymer solutions. This table has been updated since the third edition. The * Based on a table by M. B. Huglin in the 3rd ed. of the Polymer Handbook.
Here, c is the concentration of the polymer in solution (g/ml) RQ (cm" 1 ) is the reduced intensity at an angle 0, P(O), is the particle scattering function, A2 is expressed in molcrnVg 2 , /VA (mol" 1 ) is the Avogadro number. Because
u appears as a squared term, an error of E% in v will result in an error of 2E% in the derived molecular weight, and consequently an accurate determination of v is imperative. Examination of reported data discloses that about 20 different values of Ao have been used by different workers, this increase over the earlier more restricted number being due to growing use of various laser light sources. The values of the constant K appropriate to nine common values of Ao are as follows: 1 0 7 X A 0 (cm)
366 403 436 488 514 546 578 633 1086
10 6 x K (cm~ 4 mol)
Vp, = i/B- However, it is not possible to derive the molecular weights M A and M B of the constituent portions or the heterogeneity parameters P and Q. If vA / isB, an apparent value of M is obtained. Tuzar et al. (8) have summarized the criteria for the most sensitive characterization of a copolymer:
Quantity to be determined
Criterion
M
vA and ^B fr°tn large and of same sign;
MA MB Q
V A large and i/B = 0 ^ B large and z/A = 0 i/ = 0
Of UA = ^B
18.3 12.4 9.07 5.78 4.69 3.69 2.94 2.04 0.236
For a copolymer comprising monomers A and B or a terpolymer comprising units A, B and C, the specific increment is an additive function of the composition of the polymer expressed in terms of weight fractions w. Thus,
Equations (A3) and (A4) have been verified with copolymer samples of known composition (5,6). In studies on terpolymerization, Kambe and Honda (7,897) have found that the value of v, from monomer feeds other than the azeotropic composition, changes with conversion, on account of a composition distribution. On the other hand, a constant value of v, independent of conversion, is yielded for the azeotropic case in which feed and polymer have the same composition. When vA and vB differ appreciably in a given solvent, Eq. (A3) affords a convenient means of estimating composition from the measured value of v. If this is not the situation, it is possible to introduce changes in the specific increment by using mixed solvents. The appropriate specific increment to be utilized in light scattering is then v^ that is, one at constant potential of low molecular weight solvent. V11 is measured after dialysis equilibrium between solution and pure mixed solvent, v and V11 allow one to obtain the coefficient of preferential adsorption 71 (ml/g) of the liquid (solvent 1) in the binary solvent mixture, which has a greater affinity for the polymer: (A5) In Eq. (A5), dno/d(/) 1 is the variation of the refractive index of the mixed solvent, with its composition expressed in terms of the volume fraction \ of liquid 1. For a copolymer derived from A and B, light scattering always yields the true value of the molecular weight M if
Normally, these conditions cannot be satisfied by using single solvents alone, and recourse must be made to using mixed solvents and employing i/M, (v^)^ and (y^)fi of the appropriate composition to satisfy them. The concentration dependence of v is expressed by the coefficient a2, in Eq. (A6). (A6) Lorimer (1) has derived an expression for coefficient a 2 in terms of no, v, and the concentration dependence of the partial specific volume of the polymer in solution, V2. However, within the range of c normally used to measure v, the value of a2 is usually close to zero. Expressions have also been formulated for v in terms of HQ, VI, and the refractive index of the polymer in solution, n2. These afford an indirect means of obtaining TJ2 from an experimental value of v (see Refs. 2-5). Actually v2 can now be measured to a very high level of accuracy with the Kratky digital densimeter, provided there is an appreciable difference between the densities of polymer and solvent. The main uncertainty or difficulty lies in the value of n 2 , when one wishes to calculate v via v2. 1.
Measurement and Calibration
Experimental methods and refinements have been summarized elsewhere (4). The main approaches are given below. lnterferometry In this absolute method, light beams of identical geometrical paths traverse two different optical paths and the number (/) of displaced fringes is measured by an optical compensator. If / is the length of the troughs, (n — no) is given by (A7) When (n — TIQ) is very small, for example, in extremely dilute solutions, the accuracy can be enhanced by increasing the trough length. A range of troughs of different lengths is normally available with a commercial instrument. The slope of a plot/versus c, when multiplied by (//A 0 ),
yields the value of v. Baltog et al. (10) have developed an improved cell which prevents the formation of a liquid film at the central surface with the trough, thus enabling accurate measurements to be made with volatile liquids. Differences in the dispersion of the refractive index of the solvent and the solute can lead to discontinuities in the plot of / versus c. This problem can be overcome by measuring / for a large number of solutions of gradually increasing concentration, i.e., by the dropwise addition of concentrated polymer solution to pure solvent (5,11). Differential Refractometry This relies on the image displacement AX of beams from the light source, which traverse pure solvent and polymer solution in a divided cell. Adequate temperature control is necessary and it is essential to utilize a stoppered cell to prevent solvent "creep". The method is not an absolute one and necessitates calibration with solutions of accurately known (ft - fto), so that the calibration constant k can be determined for the apparatus:
A0 = 633 nm and C in g salt/100 g water (Ref. 942):
Also, for Ao = 1086 nm and C expressed in g salt/100 ml solution, the following holds at 20 0 C (Ref. 943):
Mandel and coworkers (722) have calibrated the Chromatix differential refractometer for Ao = 633 nm and have also indicated the range over which AX is directly proportional to (ft — fto). Values of the latter quantity were interpolated to Ao = 633 nm via a Cauchy dispersion from the values at other wavelengths in Section C. Within the interval 3.6>C>0.46g salt/100g water, the following polynomial was found for aq. NaCl at 633 nm
(A8) In Eq. (A8), n is the refractive index of the solution of calibrant, and fto that of the solvent. The value of k decreases slightly with increase in Ao and must therefore be re-determined if measurements are to be conducted at a different wavelength. A selection of useful calibration data (all involving aqueous solutions) has been gathered from several sources in the literature and is given in Section C. The Brice-Phoenix differential cell is satisfactory for liquids having refractive indices not in excess of about 1.60. At higher values than this, the slit image disappears from the field of vision because of total reflection in the glass partition dividing the cell. Kratochvil and Babka (9) have described a useful modification whereby the partition is replaced with glass of a higher refractive index. This extends the useful range of the different refractometers so that even such highly refractive liquids as 1-bromonaphthalene can be accomodated. The calibration data at A o = 436 nm for aq. KCl in Section C have been fitted by Abdel-Azim and Huglin (676) to the following polynomial in which C is the concentration expressed is g salt/100 g water (ft - ft0) x 10 6 - 1.862 + 1415.8C - 17.699C 2 + 0.428C 3 Some light scattering and refractometric data relating to wavelengths different from those in Section C have been summarized elsewhere (833). The most common light source for recent light scattering studies is probably the He-Ne laser affording Ao = 633 nm. At this Ao, directly measured specific refractive index increments for certain aqueous salt solutions have been reported. On the assumption of direct proportionality between (ft — fto) and concentration, these may be represented as follows for
Abbreviations/Symbols Used Arochlor (B) Cadoxen Calgon Cuoxam Cuoxen DCA DMA DMSO DN DS EDTA FeTNa Freon 113 GHCl Halothane HEMA HMP / M MEK MMA TEAB TFP THF Versene (/u)
(approximately) Chlorinated diphenyl Branched polymer Triethylenediamine cadmium hydroxide Sodium hexametaphosphate Cuprammonium hydroxide Cupriethylenediamine hydroxide Dichloroacetic acid /V,N-Dimethylacetamide Dimethyl sulfoxide Degree of neutralization (also a) Degree of substitution Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid Iron-tartaric acid-sodium complex solution l-Fluorodichloro-2-chlorodifluoroethane Guanidine hydrochloride 1,1,1 -Trifluoro-2-chloro-2-bromoethane 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Hexamethyl phosphoramide Ionic strength Relative molar mass (M) or molarity (M), according to context Methyl ethyl ketone Methyl methacrylate Tetraethyl ammonium bromide 2,2',3,3 '-Tetrafluoropropanol Tetrahydrofuran Sodium salt of EDTA Specific increment measured at dialysis equilibrium
References page VII-615
C.
REFRACTOMETRIC CALIBRATION DATA (n - n0 ) ( x 106 )
Concentration Solute NaCl
NH4NO3
Na2SO4
SrCl2
KCl
Sucrose
(g/100 g water)
Temp* (0C)
0.0938 0.1034 0.3362 0.5602 0.6866 0.9090 1.1240 1.6465 2.0327 3.7307 6.7405 0.07878 0.1671 0.3433 1.0314 2.8884 5.8417 0.09566 0.2198 0.2686 0.3939 0.7508 1.2640 1.5417 2.5322 5.7875 0.08474 0.1749 0.2430 0.3580 0.0696 0.1067 0.2799 0.5964 1.0794 1.4911 2.9821 3.9969 4.4732 5.9642 6.4680 0.100
0.09412 0.1037 0.3375 0.5627 0.6900 0.9142 1.1311 1.6595 2.0513 3.7854 6.9092 0.07906 0.1677 0.3450 1.0408 2.9479 6.0732 0.09595 0.2205 0.2694 0.3952 0.7536 1.2693 1.5488 2.5471 5.8500 0.08506 0.1755 0.2437 0.3591 0.0699 0.1070 0.2812 0.5994 1.0869 1.5037 3.0250 4.0703 4.5647 6.1217 3.6526 0.100
0.200
0.200
0.300
0.301
0.400
0.402
0.500
0.502
0.600
0.604
0.701
0.705
0.801
0.806
0.902
0.9082
1.002
1.010
1.506
1.523
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 20 28 20 28 20 28 20 28 20 28 20 28 20 28 20 28 20 28 20 28 20
(g/100 ml solution)
436 n m
546 n m
173 190 614 1019 1246 1645 2028 2954 3634 6583 11673 103.5 218.9 448.5 1336 3702 7410 153.1 349.0 425.3 620.1 1168 1940 2352 3796 8309 159.8 328.5 455.5 669.2 100 153 399 845 1521 2093 4135 5500 6136 8105 8763 _ _ _ _ -
_ _
166 184 592 982 1202 1586 1956 2848 3504 6345 11247 98.77 208.9 428.0 1275 3531 7066 151.0 344.1 419.3 611.5 1151 1913 2319 3744 8195 155.1 318.9 442.2 649.6 96 148 386 817 1469 2022 3994 5314 5926 7828 8465 -
_
_
_
_ _
_ _
_ _
-
578 n m
589 n m
165 182 588 976 1194 1576 1943 2830 3481 6306 11174 96 147 383 812 1460 2009 3969 5281 5890 7781 8414 -
165 182 587 974 1191 1572 1939 2824 3474 6293 11151 97.73 206.7 423.5 1262 3494 6992 150.5 343.0 417.9 609.4 1148 1906 2311 3731 8168 154.1 316.7 439.1 645.1 96 146 382 810 1457 2005 3962 5271 5879 7766 8398 140 140 290 290 430 430 580 570 720 720 860 860 1010 1000 1150 1140 1300 1290 1440 1430 2160
-
-
-
(n - no) ( x 106)
Concentration Solute
(g/100 ml solution)
2.012
2.041
3.030
3.093
3.52 4.056
4.167
5.089
5.263
6.14 7.181
7.527
8.240
8.696
9.306
9.890
10.6 16.3
D.
Temp. (0C)
(g/100 g water)
436 n m
28 20 28 20 28 25 20 28 20 28 25 20 28 20 28 20 28 25 25
-
546 n m
5100 8900 15400 23600
578 n m
589 n m 2150 2890 2870 4340 4300
5000 5810 5760 7280 7220 8800 10270 10190 11780 11680 13300 13190 15200 23200
TABLES OF SPECIFIC REFRACTIVE INDEX INCREMENTS OF POLYMER SOLUTIONS
TABLE 1. MAIN-CHAIN ACYCLIC CARBON POLYMERS dw/dc (ml/g) Polymer
Solvent
A0 = 436nm
X0 = 546nm
A0 = 633nm
Others
T (0C)
Refs.
1.1. POLY(DIENES) PoIy(1,3-butadiene)
Benzene 0.0117 0.022 Bromoform 1-Bromonaphthalene Chloroform Cyclohexane
pure 1,4 pure 1,2
hydroxyl terminated and acetyl terminated 98% cis 1,4 98% trans 1,4 7% vinyl-99% vinyl high 1,4; M = 0.96 x 103 to 90.6 xlO 3 hydroxyl terminated and acetyl terminated
Diethyl ketone w-Heptane THF Chloroform Chloroform Cyclohexane Cyclohexane Cyclohexane Cyclohexane Cyclohexane Cyclohexane Cyclohexanone 1,2-Dichloroethane n-Heptane Hexane Isobutyl acetate MEK 5-Methyl-2-hexanone 3-Pentanone THF Toluene
0.144 0.126 0.121 0.092 0.156 0.151
0.011 0.0086 0.021 — 0.115 —0.185 0.083
20 25
0.118 0.113 0.087
0.092 0.096
0.141 0.132 0.087 0.093
0.127
0.118
25 25 25
0.106 0.111 0.110 0.110-0.087 0.094-0.Ill 0.092 0.157 0.177 0.149 0.165 0.125 0.145
0.081 0.088 0.150 0.169 0.143 0.159 0.120 0.139
0.034
0.031
0.130
25 37 20 25 30 30 30 30 25 25 25 35 20.5 26 12.6 10.3 23 25
57 58 647 58 58 58 59,60 61 62 62 63 61 57 859 859 835 647 836 836 836 836 647 647 859 859 859 859 859 859 830 647
References page VII - 615
TABLE 1. cont'd dn/dc (ml/g) Polymer
Poly(chloroprene)
Solvent
n-Butyl acetate Carbon tetrachloride trans-Dccalm MEK
A 0 = 436 nm
0.146 0.0976 0.0799 0.0820 0.0777 0.160 0.162
Poly(cyclopentadiene) Poly(isoprene) 97.8% cis 1,4 73-80% cis 1,4 Poly(isoprene) anionically polymerized
Benzene Bromobenzene Carbon tetrachloride
0.0143
Chloroform oChlorotoluene Cyclohexane
0.100
Others
T( 0 C)
25 25 25 40 10 25 25
0.0394 0.125
21 21
0.0194 -0.041
20 20 25
58 73 964
25 20 20 23
68 73 73 34 59 74,75 69 69 69 68 68 68 68 70 70 69 73 68 73 7374 70 70 71 34 73 68 72 655 655 655 704 835
0.156
0.095 -0.003 0.104 0.1034
0.117
Cyclohexene
0.0988 0.0992 0.0953 0.0914
Decalin w-Hexane
0.0669
(non-extracted) (extracted) 0.1886 73-80% cis 1,4 cyclic cw 1,4
Methyl isobutyl ketone THF
70-75% cw 1,4 73-80% cis 1,4
Toluene
chlorinated synthetic high cis natural hevea natural guayule
MEK Chloroform
0.131 0.1238 0.124 0.117 0.0943 0.0947 0.0909 0.0869 0.145 0.0946 0.0605 0.168 0.1802 0.139 0.156 0.128 0.128
25 27 7 25 27 17 7 20 20 25 20 25 20 20 20 19-21 35 20 25 35 25 25 25 35 20
0.160 (calc.)
Cyclohexane
0.0308 0.131 0.104 0.106 0.108 0.117
0.0308 0.028 0.0339 0.100 0.104 0.101 0.106
trans \A star branched 93% 1,4- M = 0.9 x 103 - 10.1 x 103 93% 1,4- M> 19.5 XlO 3 synthetic high cis n-Hexane natural hevea natural guayule THF synthetic, high cis natural hevea natural guayule synthetic Toluene natural hevea natural guayuie Poly(trichlorobutadiene) Benzene
Refs.
64 64 64 64 64 64 65 66 66 67 67
0.082
0.1305
73-80% cis 1,4
A0 = 633 nm
0.152 0.138
THF Benzene Carbon tetrachloride
73-80% cis 1,4 73-80% cis 1,4 70-75% cis 1,4 trans cyclic
A0 = 546 nm
0 U 7
30
838
0.06
25 25 25 25 25 25 20 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
833 833 833 655 655 655 835 655 655 655 655 655 655 76
0.104-0.113 0.093-0.105 0.106 0.192 0.200 0.198
0.191 0.198 0.193
0.153 0.160 0.157 0.030 0.034 0.033
0.148 0.156 0.153 0.028 0.032 0.030
0.124
TABLE 1. cont'd dn/dc (ml/g) Polymer
Solvent
A0 = 436nm
A0 = 546 nm
X0 = 633 nm
Others
T (0C)
Refs.
1.2. POLY(ALKENES) PoIy(I-butene) isotactic
n-Nonane 1-Chloronaphthalene
0.092 0.108 -0.206
35 80 135 135 135 25
13 13 867 867 867 621
-0.078
-0.107(403) -0.085(578) -0.101(403) -0.080(578)
35 35 35 35 35 135 135 123.2 135 135 135 135
767 767 767 767 767 867 867 14 863 863 863 863
-0.205
-0.207(578)
135 135
863 863
-0.187 -0.183(578) -0.177
Cyclohexane Cyclohexane/n-propanol (10/90, v/v) (20/80, v/v) (30/70, v/v) (35/65, v/v) 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
0.074
- 0.120
0.068 0.072 0.072 0.075 0.079 - 0.108 -0.103
Poly(ethylene)
Biphenyl Bromobenzene
-0.101
-0.174 -0.089 -0.083
B B B
-0.095 1-Bromonaphthalene
B B B B
-0.083 -0.208
-0.210 -0.208(578) -0.206 -0.076
(?-Chlorobenzene 1-Chloronaphthalene
-0.195 -0.199 -0.198 -0.197 -0.188 -0.195 -0.1957 -0.193 -0.192 -0.195 -0.191 -0.214 - 0.245
Mn=
- 0.127 (403) -0.105(578)
12300 13500 18300 25200 110000 112000
-0.1967 -0.1955 -0.191 -0.1931 -0.1929 -0.1932 -0.1916 -0.1883 -0.1879 -0.190 -0.1956 -0.1961 -0.191 -0.189 -0.1967 -0.187 -0.1943 -0.193 -0.192 -0.191 -0.191
135 863 135 863 135 863 135 863 65-80 15 90 16,17 90 18 100 19 105 20,21 110 19 114 23 120 19 125 24 125 25,18 125 16 125 26 125 27 127 23 128 23 130 19 135 22 135 22 135 22 135 22 135 22 135 22 135 17,28 139 23 140 23 140 25 140 19 145 23 150 19 151 23 115 832,917 120 931 125 931 127 610
References page VII - 615
TABLE 1. cont'd dn/dc (ml/g) Polymer
Solvent
A0 = 436nm -0.215
increase with M B B B
-0.212
n-Decane
0.114
A0 = 546nm
A0 = 633nm
-0.192 -0.183 -0.192 -0.191 -0.193 -0.196 -0.188 to-0.193 0.195 to-0.192 -0.193 to-0.188 -0.189 -0.178 -0.190 -0.196 -0.177 -0.195 0.0881 0.0890 0.0901 0.0917 0.0870 0.0881 0.095 0.0915 0.0922 0.0937 0.0955 0.0971 0.0985 0.0979 0.0995 0.113
0.121
0.117
0.126
0.121
0.132
0.126
0.117
0.114
0.120
0.118
0.112 B B
0.116
Others -0.188(578)
-0.184(578)
0.114(404) 0.112(577) 0.119(404) 0.116(577) 0.123(404) 0.120(577) 0.130(404) 0.124(577) 0.119(403) 0.113(578) 0.122(403) 0.117(578)
T (0C)
Refs.
135 863,867 135 866 135 932 135 832,917,934 135 631 135 815,914 135 933 135 914 135 863,867 135 863,867 140 935,936 145 934 145 864 937,938 65 15 70 15 75 15 80 15 111 23 114 23 115 24 120 23 125 23 130 23 138 23 139 23 143 23 146 23 149 23 106 632 106 632 106 632 106 832 106 832 106 832 106 832 106 832 135 863 135 863 135 863 135 863
B p-Dibromobenzene
- 0.179
0.098 - 0.162
-0.176
-0.159
140 135 135 135 135
935 863 863 863 863
-0.165
-0.215(403) -0.172(578) -0.212(403) -0.169(578)
120 120 135 135 135 135 135 123 127 127 127 127
939 29 864 863 863 863 863 939 863 863 863 863
-0.163
-0.209(403) -0.168(578)
135 135
863 863
-0.155 B B
-0.153
- 0.184 (403) -0.159(578) -0.182(403) -0.157(578)
B 0-Dichlorobenzene
-0.078 0.078 -0.056 -0.095
-0.083 -0.078
B
-0.091
-0.081
-0.202
-0.174 -0.176
B
Diphenyl
-0.166 B B B
-0.199 -0.195
-0.173 -0.172
-0.101(403) -0.080(578) -0.099(403) -0.078(578)
TABLE 1. cont'd dw/dc (ml/g) Polymer
Solvent
B B B
;vO = 436nm -0.192
^0 = 546 nm
A0 = 633 nm
-0.167
863 863
-0.155(403) -0.127(578) -0.142(403) -0.118(578)
142 142 142 142 142
863 866 863 863 863
0.049 (403) 0.046(578) 0.050(403) 0.047 (578)
137 137 137 137
863 863 863 863
-0.220(403) -0.172(578) -0.211(403) -0.164(578)
135 135 135 135
863 863 863 863
-0.001(403) -0.001(578) 0.001 (403) 0.001 (578)
135 135 135 135
863 863 863 863
-0.075
120
931
-0.074 -0.094 -0.094 - 0.077 -0.074
- 0.091 (403) -0.075(578)
125 125 129 135 135
931 940 941 863 863
- 0.071
-0.089(403) - 0.073 (578)
135 135
863 863
50 80 81.5 81.5 95 95 100 104 105 105 105 105 105 110 116 119 125 128 138 144 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135
15 15 30,20 25 23 23 23 23 25 21* 29* 29* 29* 23 23 23 15 23 23 23 631 746,900 863,867 863,867 864 866 863,867 863,867
-0.146
-0.129 -0.126
-0.135
-0.120 -0.116
i-Dodecanol
0.048
0.046 0.045
B B B
0.049
0.047 0.047
1 -Methylnaphthalene
-0.206
-0.177 -0.167
B B B
-0.199
-0.170 -0.159
Paraffin oil
-0.001
-0.001 -0.001
B B B
0.001
0.001 0.001
Tetralin
- 0.087 B B B
-0.085
-0.075 -0.0834 -0.0811
0.104 -0.0887
-0.0805
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzetie -0.125
-0.075 -0.0910 -0.0918 - 0.0903 -0.893 -0.0691 -0.100 -0.078 -0.072 -0.083 -0.088 -0.0866 -0.0858 -0.075 - 0.0837 -0.0813 -0.0801 -0.106 -0.116 -0.107 -0.104
B B
-0.177
Refs.
135 135
-0.126 B B B
T( 0 C)
-0.207(403) -0.163(578)
-0.158(633) Diphenylmethane
Others
-0.111 -0.105 -0.102
-0.109(488) -0.130(403) -0.108(578) -0.122(403) -0.103(578)
* Values reported erroneously as positive in these references.
References page VII-615
TABLE 1.
cont'd dn/dc (ml/g)
Polymer B increase with M Mn= 2000 18400 34000 77000 110000 Poly(hexene-l) Poly(isobutylene)
Solvent
A0 = 436nm
X0 = 546nm
A0 = 633nm
Others
- 0.109 to - 0.106 -0.1085 -0.1085 -0.1082 -0.1073 -0.1063 Cyclohexane Toluene Benzene Cyclohexane
-0.063 -0.042 -0.007
Cyclohexane Cyclohexane
0.067 0.0285 + 2.08 0.0198 + 2.29 XlO" 4 T(K) x 10" 4 7(K) 0.0991 0.0966 -0.146 -0.131 0.043 0.0374 0.1036 0.124 0.167 0.135 0.140 0.1422 0.1008 0.155 0.1066 0.1091 0.1129 0.140
0.105 0.099
Cyclohexane 1-Chloronaphthalene Decalin rc~Decane Dibutyl ether n-Heptane rt-Hexane Isoamyl isovalerate Isooctane
0.135 0.139 Toluene 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene PoIy(I-octene) frans-poly(pentenamer) Poly(propylene)
0.001 - 0.066
Bromobenzene n-Hexane Benzene Bromobenzene n-Butyl chloride n-Butyl propionate Carbon tetrachloride 1-Chloronaphthalene
-0.122
-0.128(578)
-0.051
- 0.070 (403) -0.053(578)
- 0.054 -0.105
0.175
-0.228
0.171 -0.0497 -0.1125 - 0.0599 -0.1082 0.1101 0.0112 -0.227 -0.195
-0.227 -0.231 isotactic -0.2275 -0.195 isotactic syndiotactic
Cyclohexane Decalin n-Heptane
p-Xylene 1-Chloronaphthalene
-0.200(365) 0.023
0.1105 0.1077
n-Hexane Methylcyclohexane Toluene atactic
-0.189 -0.188 -0.2157 -0.184 0.0570
-0.211
0.1152 0.0652 -0.0368 - 0.0027 -0.0380 -0.188
-0.177
-0.183(578)
T (0C)
Refs.
135 135 135 135 135 135 25 25 25 20 25 25
914 22 22 22 22 22 858 858 956 31 32 872 956
25 135 25 35 22.5 120 25 25 25 25 25 15 25 40 25.5 25 25 135 25 135 135 30
957 867 33 34 35 35 36 37 38 38 872 38 38 38 39 32 40 867 872 867 867 41
25 25 40 25 25 25 25 125 140 145 145 125 140 145 150 25 120 30 30 25 25 25 25 25 135
894 42 42 43 43 43 43 44 25 27 45 46 28,47 48 49 42 50 51 52 42 42 42 43 43 867
TABLEI. cont'd dn/dc (ml/g) Polymer isotactic atactic
Solvent
X0 = 436 nm
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
A0 = 546 nm
A0 = 633 nm
-0.205 -0.123
-0.184 -0.111
-0.173
-0.121
-0.107
-0.105 isotactic
-0.102 -0.092 to -0.094
Others -0.180(578) -0.130(403) -0.109(578) -0.128(403) -0.105(578)
PoIy(I-phenyl-1-propyne)
Toluene 0.1861 0.1656 Cyclohexane 0.264 + 5.3 x 10-4(T°C-30) 0.234 + 4.7 x 10~4(T°C-30) Poly(trifiuorochloroethylene) Mesitylene 0.026 Poly(vinylcyclohexane) Cyclohexane 0.101 Cyclohexane/dioxane 0.103 (50.1/49.9, v/v) Cyclohexane/MEK 0.138 (64.6/35.4, v/v) Decalin/dioxane 0.078 (50.6/49.4, v/v) Decalin/MEK 0.075 (59.7/40.3, v/v) rt-Heptane/dioxane 0.147 (56.8/43.2, v/v) K-Heptane/MEK 0.167 (82.6/17.4, v/v) n-Hexane 0.170 THF 0.131
T( 0 C)
Refs.
135 135 135 135 135 145 25 30-45 145 25 25
867 867 867 867 867 646 979 979 53 305 305
25
305
25
305
25
305
25
305
25
305
25 25
305 305
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 30 65 25 25 65 25 25 25 RT 20 25 20 20 20
627 627 627 657 657 620 627 627 898 928 627 928 928 728 728 728 674 714 926 714 714 929 927 899 980 714 77 78 79 80 714 639 639 657 728 845 785 657
1.3. POLY(ACRYLIC ACID) AND DERIVATIVES Poly(acrylamide)
Acetic acid DMSO Ethanolamine Ethylene glycol
Formamide Formic acid Aq. 1% LiCl Aq. 5% LiCl Aq. IMMg(ClO 4 )I Aq. 2.8 M Mg(ClO 4 ) 2 Aq. 3 M Mg(ClO4) 2 Aq. IMNaCl Aq. IMNaCl Aq. IMNaCl Aq. 0.2MNaCl Aq. 0.2MNaCl Aq. 0.1 M NaCl Aq. 0.1 M NaCl Aq. IMNaNO 3 Aq. 0.02MNa 2 SO 4 Water
0.199 0.091 0.093
0.117 0.109 0.103 0.172
0.194 0.089 0.089 0.177 0.095-0.110 0.084 0.113 0.109
0.192 0.089 0.088
0.111 0.109
0.127 0.169
0.166 0.181
0.110 0.165 0.145 0.138 0.175 0.175 (fi) 0.156-0.159 0.186
0.182 0.172 (/x) 0.17 0.164
0.182
30 25 20 20-65
0.1869 0.185
0.182 0.149 0.163 0.195(589) 0.179
0.167
0.173 (/x) 0.160 0.187 0.183 0.170 0.169 0.162
0.172(405) 0.157 (579)
30 20 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
References page VII-615
TABLE 1. confd d/t/dc (ml/g) Polymer
Solvent
A0 = 436 nm
vt0 = 546 nm
A0 = 633 nm
Others
0.161
T ( 0 C) 25 25 25
0.185 0.146 0.142
25 23 23 25
804 926 888 927 627 924 925 620
0.149(488)
53.7
604
0.209
25
944
0.158 0.179 0.261
30 30 30 25 25
85 85 85 86 86 87 77 80 617 617 617 617 617 617 617 617 617 617 617 617 617 617 617 617 617 617 617 617 617 617 617 743 743 743 743 743 743 743 617 617 617 617 617 617 617 617 617 617 617
0.183 0.18 0.165 0.193
On aging Water containing carboxyl groups Water
0.187
0.197-0.326
Poly [N-( 1,1 -dimethyl-3-imidazolylpropyl)acrylamide] O.OlMTetrabutylammonium Poly(acrylic acid) DN = 0.102,/ = 0.10 Aqueous NaCl 0.335,0.10 0.994,0.10 Dioxane
0.090 0.088 0.140(589) 0.146 0.137
HCl 0.1 N 0.2 N Water Water/dioxane (90/10, v/v) (80/20, v/v) (60/40, v/v) (50/50, v/v) (40/60, v/v) (35/65, v/v) (30/70, v/v) (25/75, v/v) (10/90, v/v) (5/95, v/v) (1.5/98.5, v/v) - , lithium salt
- , sodium salt
Methanol a — 0 0.04 0.09 0.21 0.40 0.60 0.69 Water Water/dioxane (90/10, v/v) (80/20, v/v) (60/40, v/v) (50/50, v/v) (40/60, v/v)
Refs.
0.156 0.160 0.112 0.164 0.105 0.171 0.119 0.174 0.117 0.178 0.117 0.166 0.112 0.159 0.101 0.141 0.079 0.204 0.138 0.092 0.075 0.078 0.084
(^) (M)
00 (/z) 00 00 00 00 (At) 00 (fi) 0.191 0.198 0.199 0.233 0.235 0.251 0.224
0.231 0.246 0.126 0.258 0.100 0.238 0.073 0.219 0.082 0.203 0.069
00 {ii) 00 00 (it)
20-65 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
TABLE 1. cont'd dn/dc (ml/g) Polymer
Solvent
^0 = 436 nm (30/70, v/v)
DN = 0.2 DN-0.2 DN-0.6 DN = 0.6 DN-I DN-I DN=I Poly(benzyl acrylate)
(20/80, v/v) Aq. 0.3 M NaCl Aq. 1M NaCl Aq. NaBr (Af = COl, 0.025, 0.1) (Af = 0.5) (Af = 0.01. 0.025, 0.1) (Af = 0.5) (Af = 0.01, 0.025, 0.1) (M = 0.5) (M = 1.5) Benzene DMF
MEK
Poly(w-butyl acrylate)
Poly(rm-butyl acrylate) Poly(l,l-dihydroperfluorobutyl acrylate) Poly(WV-dimethylacrylamide) Poly(ethyl acrylate)
Acetone Benzene Chlorobenzene Cyclohexanone Dioxane n-Hexane MEK THF
X0 = 546 nm 0.184 0.066 Ox) 0.223
0.128 (/x) 0.122 0*) 0.156 Ox) 0.138(At) 0.183 Oz) 0.166 (/x) 0.140(Ai) 0.062 0.124
0.062 0.119
0.1760 0.1746 0.1746
0.1665 0.1665
A0 = 633 nm
Others
617 617 617 678 678 711
25 25 25 25 25 25 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
711 711 711 711 711 711 6 6 6 6 6 88 6 5 5 5 89 84 84 729 729 84 729 84 803 84 90 91 91 83 83 10,92,93 89 10 10 729 10 10,93 729 10 10 5 729 5 5 10,93 94 10 95 982 982 982 982 982
0.132(365) 0.118(578) 0.117(589) 0.116(644) 0.1653 (578) 0.1647 (589) 0.1623 (644)
-0.0292 -0.0525 0.021 (488) 0.043 (488) 0.0885 0.088(488) 0.0651 0.062 -0.0239 0.0818 0.30 0.0311 0.194 0.150
Methanol Water Acetone
1.107 0.109
Benzene Chloroform Cyclohexanone Dichloroethane Dioxane
-0.042 0.0363 0.017 (488) 0.23 0.036 0.045 (488)
DMF Ethyl acetate MEK
Poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate)
n-Methylpyrrolidone Water Butanone rc-Heptane Tetrahydrofuran Toluene Chlorobenzene
Poly(isopropyl acrylate) isotactic, syndiotactic and Bromobenzene atactic
0.0870
0.032 0.0916 0.0856
0.0854(578) 0.088 (488) 0.0853 (589) 0.0852 (644)
0.086 0.1407 -0.027 0.131
30 25 25 25 25 25 25 20 25 25 30 25 25 30 25 25 20 30 20 20 25 30 25 25
0.101 0.096 0.070 -0.040 -0.072 -0.103
-0.0870
Refs.
25 25 25 0.159 (\x) (488) 25 0.152 (u) (488) 25 25
0.112
Toluene MEK Benzotrifluoride
T( 0 C)
60
101
References page VII-615
TABLE 1. cont'd dn/dc (ml/g) Polymer
isotactic and atactic Poly (methyl acrylate)
Solvent
TFP Acetone Acetonitrile
Benzene o-Chlorophenol m-Cresol 1,2-Dibromoethane
Dioxane
Ethyl acetate
Isoamyl acetate MEK
TFP TFP/o-chlorophenol (10/90, v/v) (26/74, v/v) (32/68, v/v) (40/60, v/v) (50/50, v/v) (70/30, v/v) (90/10, v/v) Poly(n-octadecyl acrylate)
Toluene Benzene n-Butyl acetate Carbon tetrachloride Chlorobenzene Cyclohexane n-Hexane
A0 = 436 nm
A0 = 546 nm
X0 = 633 nm
Others
0.124 0.113 0.120 0.121 0.122 0.123 0.123 0.127 -0.019 -0.056 -0.035 -0.0606 -0.0598 -0.0578 -0.0579 -0.062 0.0503 0.052 0.055 0.0524 0.0533 0.0547 0.0566 0.0940 0.0989 0.0967 0.100 0.102 0.102 0.105 0.077 0.090 0.0938
0.118 0.119 0.120 0.122 0.125
-0.560 -0.0528 -0.0532 -0.0523 0.0497 0.0515 0.0526 0.0537 0.0562 0.0920 0.0967 0.0964 0.101 0.103 0.0923
0.097 0.090 0.126 -0.050 -0.050 (M) -0.014 -0.004Gu) -0.005 - 0.016 (/i) 0.004 0.029 (/i) 0.043 0.064 Qi) 0.075 0.123 Qi) 0.102 0.135 Qi) -0.009 - 0.0505 - 0.0269 -0.0363 0.0883 0.0114 -0.0682 -0.0489 -0.0563 0.0175 0.1096 0.1292
0.0921 (578) 0.0919 (589) 0.0915 (644)
T ( 0 C)
Refs.
25 20 25 32 40 48 30 56 30 30 30 25 32 40 48 30 25 30 30 32 40 48 56 19.5 25 32 30 35 40 48 30 RT 20 20 20 30 35 30
101 89 96 96 96 96 96 96 97 916-918 916-918 96 96 96 96 916-918 96 96 97 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 98 96 96 97 99 5 5 5 97,100 72 916-918
30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
916-918 916-918 916-918 916-918 916-918 916-918 916-918 916-918 916-918 916-918 916-918 916-918 916-918 916-918 97 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84
TABLE 1. cont'd dn/dc (ml/g) Polymer
Solvent
A0 = 436nm
THF
A0 = 546 nm
A0 = 633 nm
T (0C)
Others
0.0702
30
84
30 30 30
84 84 84
0.1102
30 30
634 94
0.154
RT
674
0.0508 (589)
25
982
0.123
12
922 81 82 105 89 106 107 106,107 106 911 106 789
0.0898 0.0723 -0.0425
Toluene Poly(phenyl acrylate) MEK Poly(rc-propyl acrylate) MEK Poly(trimethylammoniumethyl chloride acrylate) Aq. IMNaCl
Refs.
0.183
1.4. POLY(METHACRYLIC ACID) AND DERIVATIVES Poly(allyl methacrylate) Carbon tetrachloride Poly(benzyl methacrylate-co-cyclohexylmethyl methacrylate) (1/1, (mol/mol) Di-isobutyl ketone Poly(N-terf-butylacrylamide) Methanol 0.249 0.234 0.234 Poly(/i-butyl methacrylate) Acetone 0.1249 0.1236 0.122 Benzene -0.023 -0.014 -0.024 0.015 Bromobenzene -0.084 -0.073 Bromoform -0.129 0.118 n-Butyl chloride 0.085 Carbon tetrachloride 0.026 0.027 m-Cresol/rt-heptane 0.155 (30/70, v/v) 0.358 (M) DMF Isopropanol 0.102 0.102 0.1059 0.1066 0.1068 0.1076 0.1097 MEK 0.103 0.102 0.1059 0.1046 0.104
0.1257(366)
0.016
0.1064(366) 0.097
0.100 0.169
TFP
0.067 -0.024
Toluene -0.017 Poly(terf-butyl methacrylate) n-Butyl acetate Poly(p-te/t-butylphenyl Acetone methacrylate) Chloroform/THF (90/10, v/v) (70/30, v/v) (50/50, v/v) (30/70, v/v) (10/90, v/v) Water/THF (2/98, v/v) (4/96, v/v) (7/93, v/v) (9/91, v/v)
0.09 0.183 0.110 0.107 0.120 0.100 0.130 0.129 0.133 0.206 0.164 0.266 0.142 0.124 0.208 0.143 0.177 0.194 0.192 0.205
(/x) (M) (M)
(M) (M) (M) (M) (M)
(M)
20 25 20 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 20 23 20 23.7 25 31 45 25 25 23 20 25 25 20 20 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
789 769 108 109 109 109 109 109 106,107 105 108 869 807 789 869 869 911 110 111 665 655 665 665 665 665 665 655 665 655 796 796 796 796 796 796 796 796
References page VII-615
TABLE 1.
cont'd dn/dc (ml/g)
Polymer Poly(cetyl methacrylate)
Poly(2-chloroethyl methacrylate) Poly(4-chlorophenyl methacrylate) Poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate)
Poly(decahydro-(3-naphthyl methacrylate) Poly(n>decyl methacrylate)
Solvent
A0 = 436 nm
Benzene rc-Butyl acetate Carbon tetrachloride w-Heptane THF
Poly(ethyl methacrylate)
Poly(n-hexyl methacrylate) Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)
A0 = 633 nm
Others
T( 0 C)
0.02 0.095
21 30
112 113 112 112 749
25 - 0.015 0.114 0.096
Refs.
Benzene
0.0758
25
114
n-Butyl alcohol
0.098
25
762
25 25 25 25
911 115 911 856
0.054
30 25
744 744
0.163 0.157
RT RT
680 680
0.119
25 25 25 29 35 50 65 75 85 25-48 31 30 25
679 116 116 116 116 116 116 116 116 116 744 744 117
Ai-Butyl chloride Cyclohexane Toluene Cyclohexane
Cyclohexane Ethyl acetate Poly- [2-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)ethyl methacrylate] Methanol Poly(dimethylaminoethyl Methanol methacrylate) Poly(N,N-dimethylarninoethyl methacrylate Af-oxide) Aq. 0.1M NaCl Poly(«-docosyl methacrylate) o-Dichlorobenzene Tetralin
Poly(2~ethylbutyl methacrylate)
X0 = 546 nm
THF n-Amyl acetate Cyclohexane Isopropanol
0.116 0.0845 0.019 0.104 0.115
0.102 0.094 0.0935 0.093 0.091 0.088 0.084 0.076 0.0745 0.090
0.090 0.084
0.109
0.105
0.104 0.087 0.109 0.113
0.102
25 25
117 911 122 122
0.104 0.101 0.107 0.075
23 25 23 25 25 23 32.6 25 25
123 807 123 807 911 124 124 616 807 120 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119
0.082 0.081 0.077 0.070 0.068 0.0745 0.054
MEK n-Butyl chloride Ethyl acetate Ethyl acetate/ethanol (1/4.5 - 1/6, v/v) MEK
MEK/isopropanol (1/7, v/v) Methyl cellusolve Toluene -0.009 MEK 0.105 Isopropanol 0.108 2-Chloroethanol DMF Dioxane/water (90/10, v/v) (80/20, v/v) (60/40, v/v) (40/60, v/v) (20/80, v/v) Ethanol/water (80/20, v/v)
0.105 0.106 0.048 0.076 0.076 0.083 0.066 (/it) 0.086 0.071 (/x) 0.095 0.100 (M) 0.108 0.120 Ot) 0.123 0.130(/Lt) 0.124 0.121 (At)
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
TABLE 1. cont'd dn/dc (ml/g) Polymer
Solvent
A0 = 436 nm (70/30, v/v) (60/40, v/v) (40/60, v/v) (30/70, v/v)
Formamide rc-Heptane/m-cresol (50/50, v/v) (50/50, v/v) Methanol Methanol/HEMA (25/75, v/v) (25/75, v/v) (35/65, v/v) (35/65, v/v) (50/50, v/v) (50/50, v/v) (62.5/37.5, v/v) (75/25, v/v) (87.5/12.5, v/v) 2-Methoxy ethanol Methyl cellusolve rc-Propanol/dioxane (85/15, v/v) (70/30, v/v) (60/40, v/v) (40/60, v/v) (30/70, v/v) rc-Propanol/water (95/5, v/v) (90/10, v/v) (80/20, v/v) (75/25, v/v) (70/30, v/v) (60/40, v/v) (50/50, v/v) (40/60, v/v) (30/70, v/v) (20/80, v/v) TFP/HEMA (50/50, v/v) Toluene/methanol (42/58, v/v) Toluene/isopropanol (38/62, v/v)
X0 = 546nm
A0 = 633 nm
Others
T (0C)
0.121 0.119 (Ai) 0.120 0.120 (jj) 0.123 0.127 (M) 0.125 0.132 Ox) 0.045 0.033 0.361 (Ai) 0.162 0.078 0.070(/Lt) 0.090 0.081 00 0.110 00 0.093 00 0.120 0.107 (M) 0.135 0.122 (Ai) 0.151 0.140 (AX) 0.091 0.095
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
0.105 0.108(Ai) 0.100 0.103(Ai) 0.096 0.097(Ai) 0.091 0.090(Ai) 0.087 0.086 (M) 0.110 0.105 (Ai) 0.113 0.105 (Ai) 0.115 0.106 (Ai) 0.103 00 0.119 0.109 (Ai) 0.122 0.110(Ai) 0.125 0.123 (/i) 0.128 0.138 (M) 0.131 0.149 (M) 0.135 0.153 (M) 0.105 0.083 OO 0.101 0.063 (M) 0.087 0.064 (M)
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
Refs. 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 120 698 698 120 726 726 726 726 726 726 726 726 726 726 726 726 769 807 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 121 121 121 121 121 121 120 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 726 726 118 118 118 118
References page VII-615
TABLE 1. cont'd dn/dc (ml/g) Polymer
Solvent
A0 = 436nm
Water/2-chloroethanol (80/20, v/v) (72/25, v/v) (70/30, v/v) (60/40, v/v) (50/50, v/v) (40/60, v/v) (20/80, v/v) Water/Hema (20/80, v/v)
(60/40, v/v)
Poly [l(2-hydroxyethyl)pyridinium methacrylate]], benzenesulfonate Aq. 0.5MKBr 0.136Ox) 0.5 M KCl 0.122(Ai) IMKCl 0.118(Ai) 2MKC1 0.113 (AX) 3MKC1 0.104 Oi) 1.86MKSCN 0.05MNaF 0.123 (Ai) 0.05MNaI 4MNaI Poly [l(2-hydroxyethyl)pyridinium methacrylate], toluenesulfonate Benzyl alcohol Benzyl alcohol/methyloc-naphthyl ether (45/55, v/v) DMF
A0 = 546nm
0.031 0.131 (M) 0.046 0.127 (/i) 0.023 0.120 Oi) 0.015 0.101 (u) 0.016 0.103 Oi) 0.020 0.091 0 0 0.034 0.066(At)
A0 = 633 nm
Others
T (0C)
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
Refs.
616 616 616 616 616 616 616 616 616 616 616 616 616 616
0.068
25
726
0.049 (At) 0.069 0.051 (Ai) 0.071 0.053 (At) 0.074 0.055 (Ai) 0.076 0.057 (Ai) 0.079 0.059 (Ai) 0.103
25 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 70 70 25
726 726 726 726 726 726 726 726 726 726 726 726
0.143 Oi) 0.104 0.144(At) 0.107 0.147(Ai) 0.109 0.149 (M) 0.111 0.151 (Ai) 0.114 0.154(At)
25 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 70 70
726 726 726 726 726 726 726 726 726 726 726
0.178 0.129(Ai) 0.178 0.117 Ou) 0.174 0.114 (/i) 0.167 0.108(At) 0.161 0.100(Ai) 0.119 (At) 0.118 (Ai) 0.183 0.155 (At) 0.121 0.119(Ai)
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
818 813 818 813 818 813 818 813 818 813 813 813 818 818 818 818
0.039 0.000
25 25
813 813
0.130
25
813
TABLE 1. cont'd d/i/dc (ml/g) Polymer
Solvent
A0 = 436nm
X0 = 546nm
0.182 0.181 0.129 Oz) 0.5 M KCl 0.182 0.121 (/*) 0.114 00 IMKCl 0.178 0.117 0 0 0.111 00 2MKC1 0.171 0.109(/u) 0.105(At) 3 M KCl 0.163 0.100(Ai) 0.097 (/i) Methanol 0.209 Methanol + 0.5MLiCl 0.205 0.5MNaF 0.186 4MNaI 0.121 0.116(Ai) 7MNaI 0.072 n-Propanol 0.159 Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol 0.106 TFP 0.196 Water 0.187 Poly [ 1 (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium methacrylate], benzene sulfonate Aq. 0.5 M KCl 0.101 (^) Poly[l(2-hydroxyethyl)tximethylammonium methacrylate], toluene sulfonate Aq, 0.5 M KCl 0.095 00 Poly(/V-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylamide) Aq. 0.1 M KCl 0.166 Poly(isobutyl methacrylate) Acetone 0.122 0.117 n-Butyl chloride 0.084 Toluene -0.021 Poly(isooctyl methacrylate) ^-Heptane Poly(n-lauryl methacryiate) n-Amyl alcohol 0.0744 0.0781 n-Butyl acetate 0.092 0.090 Isopropyl acetate 0.107 0.104 Poly(methacrylamide) Aq. 0.4 M Mg perchlorate 0.180 0.180 OO Water Poly(methacrylic acid) Water 0.175 Water/dioxane (95/5, v/v) 0.170 0.179 Ox) (90/10, v/v) 0.165 0.180 (JJ) (80/20, v/v) 0.163 0.200 (Ai) (70/30, v/v) 0.150 0.191 (M) (60/40, v/v) 0.150 0.196(Ai) (50/50, v/v) 0.139 0.169(Ai) (40/60, v/v) 0.134 0.155 (Ai) (35/65, v/v) 0.148 (JJ) (25/75, v/v) 0.125 0.122 (15/85, v/v) 0.115 0.109 (M) Dimethyl formamide/ 0.099 1,4-dioxane (5:7, v/v) Alcoholic LiBr 0.154 Ethanol 0.154 HCl 0.1 N 0.5N 0.137
A0 = 633nm
Others
Ethanol Aq. 0.5MKBr
T (0C) 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
813 813 818 813 813,818 813 813,818 813 813,818 813 813,818 813 813 813 813 818 813 813 813 813 813
25
813
25
813
25 25 25 25
755 103,104 911 911 168 125 126 126 775 775 77 628 628 628 628 628 628 628 628 628 628 628 628 628 628 628 628 628 628 628 628 977
0.109 23 13 25 25 20-65 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 26.9
0.209
Refs.
25 25 0.159(589) 25
127 127 87 128
References page VII-615
TABLE 1. cont'd dn/dc (ml/g) Polymer
Solvent
A0 = 436 nm
A0 = 546 nm
A0 = 633 nm
0.045 N 0.02 N 0.001 N Methanol NaBr 0.1 M
0.140 0.134
NaCl 0.1 M NaF 0.1 M NaI 0.1 M Na 2 SO 4 0.1 M (NH4)IMo7O24O-OlM Water
0.142
Poly(methacrylie acid), sodium salt Water Water/dioxane (95/5, v/v) (90/10, v/v) (80/20, v/v) (75/25, v/v) (70/30, v/v)
0.260 0.256 0.230 (jjL) 0.240 0.189 (M) 0.250 0.154 (M) 0.252 0.121 (M) 0.238 0.108 (M)
Poly(methoxybiphenyl methacrylate) THF 0.196 50/50 Poly(methoxy-biphenyl methacrylate-co-methoxybiphenyl ethylene oxide methacrylate) THF 0.194 Poly(methoxybiphenyl ethylene oxide methacrylate) THF 0.212 50/50 Poly(methoxy-biphenyl ethylene oxide methacrylate-co-methoxy-biphenyl bis(ethylene oxide)methacrylate) THF 0.188 Poly(methoxybiphenyl bis(ethylene oxide) methacrylate THF 0.205 Poly(methoxybiphenyl methacrylate-comethoxybiphenyl tris(ethylene oxide)methacrylate) THF 0.170 Poly(methoxybiphenyl tris(ethylene oxide)methacrylate) THF 0.181 50/50 poly(methoxybiphenyl methacrylate-co-methoxybiphenyl tetrakis(ethylene oxide) methacrylate THF 0.153 Poly(methoxybiphenyl tetrakis(ethylene oxide) methacrylate) THF 0.171 Poly(methoxybiphenyl methacrylate) CHCl3 0.163 Poly(methoxybiphenyl ethylene oxide methacrylate) CHCl3 0.180 50/50 Poly(methoxybiphenyl ethylene oxide methacrylate-co-methoxybiphenyl bis(ethylene oxide)methacrylate) CHCl3 0.153 Poly(methoxybiphenyl bis(ethylene oxide) methacrylate) CHCl3 0.167 Poly(methoxybiphenyl tris(ethylene oxide) methacrylate) CHCl3 0.152 Poly(methoxybiphenyl tetrakis(ethylene oxide) methacrylate) CHCl3 0.152 Poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride) 1M aqueous NaCl 0.157 Poly(2-methoxyethyl Halothane 0.125 methacrylate) MEK 0.108
J( 0 C)
Refs.
0.156(560) 20 0.162 (M) (560) 20 0.158 20-65 25 25 0.234(560) 20 0.209 (/it) (560) 20 0.213 (M) (560) 20 0.229(560) 20 0.219(^X560) 20 0.197 (M) (560) 20 0.210 (M) (560) 20 0.227 20 0.169 (/*) (560) 20 25 0.153
129 129 77 128 128 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 128 80
Others
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
628 628 628 628 628 628 628 628 628 628 628 958 958 958 958 958 958 958 958 958 958 958 958 958 958 958
25 25
971 589 589,902
TABLE 1. cont'd d/t/dc (ml/g) Polymer
Poly(methyl methacrylate)
Solvent
X0 = 436 nm
Nitrobenzene THF Toluene 1,2,4, Trichlorobenzene Acetone
A0 = 546 nm
A0 = 633
rnn
Others
-0.058 0.078 0.000 -0.067 0.1391 0.107 0.137 0.129
0.134
T( 0 C)
Refs.
25 25 25 25 27 27 23 ± 2
589 589 589 653 130 131 132 133 134
0.131
0.1313 0.136
0.1293 0.134
0.134(366)
25 25
0.132 0.132 0.1305
0.1312 Acetone
0.132
20 20 20 20 20
0.135 0.1292 0.1330 0.135
20 20 25 25
0.1285
0.1281 (578) 0.1279(589) 0.1276(644)
25 25 20 25 25 25 25 25
137,138 139 140,141 759 618 689 947 142 141 141 141 141 141
0.1170 0.1005 0.091 0.0861 0.0734
25 25 25 25 25 20
140 140 140 140 140 626
0.133 0.137
25 20 44
721 136 947
0.094 0.078 (/J,) 0.100 0.085 (/x) 0.110 0.097 (iji) 0.119 0.113(/i)
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
726 726 726 726 726 726 726 726 726
0.034 0.033 (IJ,)
25 25
726 726
0.074 0.115(A*) 0.059 0.104 (At) 0.044 0.084 (Ai) 0.027 0.050 (Ai)
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
825 825 825 825 825 825 825 825
0.130 0.129 M w >5060 isotactic
Af w >10 4
Acetone Acetone Acetone/benzene (88/12, (76/24, (64/36, (52/48, (40/60, Acetone/chloroform (80/20, v/v) (60/40, v/v) (52/48, v/v) (40/60, v/v) (20/80, v/v) Acetone/water (62.2/37.8, mol) Acetonitrile Acetonitrile Acetonitrile/MMA (17/83, v/v) (32/68, v/v) (50/50, v/v) (68/32, v/v) Acetophenone/MMA (50/50, v/v) Acetophenone/isopropanol (30/70, v/v) (40/60, v/v) (50/50, v/v) (60/40, v/v)
0.134 0.136 v/v) v/v) v/v) v/v) v/v)
0.134 0.1170 0.1005 0.0861 0.0734 0.0590
0.136 0.140 0.144
135 10,136 92 89 5 5 5 93
References page VII-615
TABLE 1. cont'd dn/dc (ml/g) Polymer
Solvent
A0 = 436 nm
(70/30, v/v)
XQ = 546 nm
A0 = 633 nm
Others
0.017 0.030 (/x) 0.001 0.005 Ox) -0.012 -0.012Ox)
(80/20, v/v) (90/10, v/v) Arochlor Benzene
-0.124 0.0398
T( 0 C)
Refs.
25 25 25 25 25 25 20 27
25 20 30 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
825 825 825 825 825 825 144 130 145 146 139 147 148 10 6 677 689 726 726 726 726 726 726 726 726
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
782 782 782 782 782 782 782 782 782 782 782 782
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
-0.010 0.002 0.0039
25 25
0.0110 0.004 -0
0.001 0.006
-0.016 0.007 0.015
Benzene/MMA (30/70, v/v) (50/50, v/v) (70/30, v/v) Benzyl alcohol/MMA (50/50, v/v) Benzyl alcoholM-butanol (90/10, v/v)
0.061 0.054 0.046 0.044 0.033 0.032 0.026 0.027 -0.036 -0.034 0.012 0.017 0.016 0.024 0.030 0.043 0.041 0.060 0.057 0.084
(80/20, v/v) (70/30, v/v) (60/40, v/v) (50/50, v/v) (40/60, v/v) Benzyl alcohol/sec-butanol (90/10, v/v)
00 00 (/x) (/Lt)
0*) (/x) (/x) (/x) (M) Ox)
-0.037 - 0.070 (/x) 0.011 -0.012 (AX) 0.012 0.013 00 0.029 0.082 (M) 0.040 0.160 Ox) 0.056 0.254 Ox) 0.074 0.316 Ox) — 0.058
(80/20, v/v) (70/30, v/v) (60/40, v/v) (50/50, v/v) (40/60, v/v) (30/70, v/v) Bromobenzene
0.056
25 25
782 782 782 782 782 782 782 782 782 782 782 782 782 782 145 624 825
0.196 Ox) 0.036 0.166 (M) 0.019 0.136 (M)
25 25 25 25 25
825 825 825 825 825
- 0.050 Bromoform/isopropanol (30/70, v/v) (40/60, v/v) (50/50, v/v)
TABLE 1. cont'd d/t/dc (ml/g) Polymer
Solvent
^ 0 = 436 nm
(60/40, v/v) (70/30, v/v) (80/20, v/v) (90/10, v/v) Bromoform/acetophenone/ isopropanol 1 -Bromonaphthalene 2-Butanol n-Butyl acetate
X0 = 546 rim
0.002 0.092 -0.017 0.034 00 -0.036 -0.031 00 -0.059 - 0.067 00 Values for numerous solvent ratios given in reference - 0.147 -0.148 0.0802 + 0.0004 * T (0C) 0.0987 0.0970 0.0986 0.0969 0.1 0.0970 0.097
syndiotactic rc-Butyl acetate/chloroform (20/80, v/v) (40/60, v/v) (60/40, v/v) (80/20, v/v) (90/10, v/v) n-Butyl chloride 0.0913 0.0948 0.0984
/I 0 = 633 nm
Others
fa)
0.063 0.070 0.073 0.083 0.094 0.0898 0.0934 0.0970 0.096
0.098 0.0931 0.1021 0.1001 0.0902 0.0965
syndiotactic isotactic n-Butyl chloride/toluene (83/17, v/v) (56.9/43.1, v/v) (32.1/67.9, v/v) (20/80, v/v) Carbon tetrachloride
Refs.
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
825 825 825 825 825 825 825 825 825
25 55 < T < 76 0.101 (366) 25 25 25 25 25 0.096 25 0.096 25 0.097 25
0.093 atactic
T ( 0 C)
0.0914 0.1001 0.0986 0.0875 0.0954
0.080 0.058 0.035 0.026
25 25 25 25 25 20 30 40 40 25 40 25 50 50 25 50
802 802 802 802 802 143 143 143 615 721 731 150 150 150 150 150
25 25 25 25
911 911 911 911 145 677 145 697 689 146 148 955 135 134
0.023 0.033
Chlorobenzene
30 -0.026
- 0.004 -0.010 -0.018
35 25 25
- 0.026 1-Chlorobutane Chloroform
0.098 0.0631
0.0629
0.0630
0.0628
0.0635 (366) 0.056
40 25
25 0.050
0.059 0.056 Cyclohexanone o-Dichlorobenzene
0.062 0.059 0.046 -0.037
145 9 954 135 139 113 149 670 689 802 742
25 30 25 25 30 25
139 148 10,140 677 689 802 729 689
References page VII - 615
TABLE 1. cont'd dn/dc (ml/g) Polymer
Solvent
A0 = 436 nm
1,2-Dichloroethane
0.050 0.050
A0 = 546 nm
A0 = 633 nm
Others
0.051 30 0.050 0.046 0.079
Dioxane 0.0720
T( 0 C)
0.075 0.0707 0.068 0.071
0.050
25 30 25
0.074(366)
25
0.0703 (589)
25 25 25
0.07 0.070 0.066 0.0707 0.072 (488) 0.068 0.069 Dioxane/water (95/5, v/v) (90/10, v/v) (85/15, v/v)
(82/18, v/v) DMF
0.0600
0.070 0.072 0.076 (/z) 0.076 0.083 Oi) 0.079 0.072 0.090(Ai) 0.090 0.082 (^) 0.096 OLO 0.0614
0.0617 (578) 0.0168 (589) 0.0619 (644) 0.055 (365)
0.055 0.069 0.095
25 25 30 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 30 25 25 20 20 20 20 25 30 90
0.042 0.060
0.058 0.086 0.058 0.063
Polymer modified with RCH 2 Li R = SC 6 H 5 R = SO 2 CH 3 R = SO 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 Ethyl acetate
0.079-0.096 0.1200
0.070-0.081 0.075-0.107 0.1180
0.123(366) 0.1174 (589)
0.118
20 30 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
0.118 isotactic
0.117 Furfuryl alcohol H-Heptane/m-cresol (50/50, v/v) Isoamyl acetate
0.0931 0.0945 0.0959 0.0974
MEK
0.138 0.116 0.010 0.040 0.349 (/x) 0.0911 0.0926 0.0942 0.0957 0.111 0.112
25 30 25 30 25 25 20 30 40 50 RT
0.093 0.111
Refs. 151 152 147 10 826 689 154 135,139 145 93 155 121,147 148 10 156,157 729 618 689 807,822 121 121 121 121 121 118 118,121 158 121 121 5,6 5,6 5,6 6 10 159 159 148 897 826 807 689 700 700 700 135,139 155 10 618 771 826 720 691 698 698 143 143 143 143 154 160 131 134
TABLE 1. cont'd dn/dc (ml/g) Polymer
Solvent
A0 = 436 nm
A0 = 546 nm
A0 = 633 nm
Others
0.1173
RT RT
0.100 0.1131
0.1112
0.113
0.111 0.117
0.110 0.1110(578) 0.1107(589) 0.1102(644)
0.111 0.111 0.110 0.108 0.01385 0.111(488) 0.114
30 30
0.059 0.131 0.113 0.1147
35 35 25 25 30 20 10 20 30 40 30 30 30 20
0.113 0.111
atactic syndiotactic isotactic
(55/54, v/v) MEK/2-propanol (43.6/56.4, mol/mol) 2-Methoxy ethanol Methyl cellusolve MMA/styrene (50/50, v/v)
0.110 0.1090 0.1130 0.1167 0.1208 0.1169 0.1165 0.1167 0.109
2-Propanol/isopropylamine (5.6/94.4, mol/mol) TFP TFP/water (92/5, v/v)
40 25 25 25 30 25
0.082 0.025 0.025 (/a) 0.075 0.0176 0.100 0.094
25 20
0.109
(90/10, v/v) (80/20, v/v) (70/30, v/v) (65/35, v/v) THF
0.112 0.134 0.108 0.1075 0.1114 0.1153 0.1192 0.1153 0.1155 0.1152
0.089
Methyl methacrylate /V-Methylpyrrolidone Nitroethane
0.0887 0.0886
20 20 20 23db2 25 25 25 25 25 27 28
0.113 0.111
0.113
MEK/isopropanol
T( 0 C)
0.141 0.141 0.140 (M) 0.139 0.137 (M) 0.135 0.131 (M) 0.133 0.124 (/i) 0.132 0.121 (ILL) 0.0871 0.0870 0.0902
0.091 (366)
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 36
0.09 0.087 0.098 0.086
25 25
Refs. 163 99 148 5,6,88 5 5 132 162 146 132,161 10,93 165 130 134 151 145 152 164 153 147 34 72 689 807 826 897 143 143 143 143 150 150 150 626 731 807 726 726 158 10 154 161 626 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 135 139 34 166 618 637 689
References page VII-615
TABLE 1. contfd dw/dc (ml/g) Polymer
Solvent
A0 = 436 nm
A0 = 546 nm
M v v >10 4 atactic isotactic varying tacticities
A0 = 633 nm
Others
0.110-0.114 0.084 0.086 0.084-0.088 THF/cyclopentane (65.7/34.3, mol/mol) Toluene
0.089
25 25 25 20
0.004 0.010 0.0094
30 25 25
0.0157 0.004 0.005 0.003
0.004 0.009 0.014 -0.003 0.001 0.003 0.007 0.010 0.007 0.014
atactic syndiotactic isotactic Toluene/methanol (42/58, v/v) Toluene/isopropanol (38/62, v/v) Toluene//?-cymene (73.4/26.6, w/w) (49.7/503, w/w) Benzene
0.094 0.152 (/x) 0.096 0.154 (M) 0.073 0.121 (/i) 0.006 0.008 0.133
Poly(o-methylphenylthio methacrylate Poly((3-naphthyl Benzene methacrylate) Poly(nonyloxy-1,4-phenyleneoxycarbonylphenyl methacrylate) Carbon tetrachloride Poly(//-octadecylacrylamide) Benzene Chlorobenzene Cyclohexane rc-Hexane
Poly(rc-octyl methacrylate) Poly(4-phenylbutyl1 -methacrylate) Poly(2-phenylethyl1-methacrylate) Poly(phenyl methacrylate)
THF Toluene rc-Butanol MEK 1-Chloroundecane
0.083 0.107
0.133 0.142 0.096
Poly(phenylthiol 0.142 methacrylate) Poly[2-(3-sodium sulfonato-2-methylpropyl) methacrylamide] Aq. 0.05MNaCl 0.142 (/x) Aq. 5 M NaCl 0.097 (jx) Poly(3-sodium sulfonatopropyl methacrylate) Aq. 0.01 M NaCl 0.11 Aq. 0.1 M NaCl 0.13 Poly(n-stearyl methacrylate) Cyclohexane rt-Propyl acetate 0.107
Refs. 984 811 811 686 626
152 146 139 153 147 30 691 30 697,699,834 50 699 70 699 15 834 20 834 25 834 25 911 25 146 25 146 25 146 25 118 25 118 25 167 25 167 25 118 25 118 30 30 35
699 699 666
25
856 890 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 169 169 965
0.100
0.105(488)
24 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 16.8 28 23
0.128
0.134(488)
27.5
965
25 35
170 115 666
RT RT
701 701
25 25 20 36
824 824 744 744
0.0269 0.0489 0.0651 0.1292 0.1168 0.0898 0.0154 0.080 0.107
1-Chloroheptane Acetone MEK Benzene
T( 0 C)
0.234 0.182
0.054
TABLE 1. cont'd d/i/dc (ml/g) Polymer
Solvent
A0 = 436nm
Poly(tetrahydro-4H-pyranyl- THF 2-methacrylate) Poly(rc-tridecyl methacrylate) Ethyl acetate THF Poly(3-trimethylammonium ethyl chloride methacrylate) Aq. IMNaCl
A0 = 546nm
A0 = 633nm
Others
T (0C)
Refs.
0.092
20
840
0.083
27 30
744 744
0.121 0.157
0.155
0.154
25
882
0.158 (/Lt)
0.155(AX)
0.154(/Lt)
25
882
25
770
Poly[2-(triphenylmethoxy)ethyl methacrylate] Dioxane
0.180
1.5. OTHER a OR p SUBSTITUTED POLY(ACRYLICS) AND POLY(METHACRYLICS) Poly[bis(phenylethyl) itaconate] Poly[bis(phenyl-«-propyl) itaconate] Poly(ter/-butyl crotonate)
MEK
0.180
20
738
MEK
0.173
20
738
0.083 0.111 0.074 -0.035 0.018 0.036 0.102 0.096 -0.027 0.183 0.109 0.074 -0.030 0.020 -0.050 0.036 0.101 -0.021 0.101 0.096 0.112 -0.077 -0.023 0.109 0.126 0.058 -0.005 0.132 0.017 0.079 -0.041 0.015 -0.032 0.074 -0.018 0.024 0.100 0.096 -0.014 0.075 -0.037 -0.036 0.017 0.035 0.102 0.102
25 25 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
718 718 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 738 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 763 763 763 763 763 763 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102
H-Butyl chloride Ethyl acetate Poly(di-fi-amyl itaconate) rc-Amyl acetate Benzene Carbon tetrachloride Chloroform Ethyl acetate MEK Toluene Poly(dibenzyl itaconate) MEK Poly(di-rc-butyl itaconate) Acetone n-Amy\ acetate Benzene Carbon tetrachloride Chlorobenzene Chloroform Ethyl acetate Ethylbenzene N-Hexane MEK Methyl acetate Styrene Toluene Poly(di-cyclohexyl itaconate) n-Amyl acetate H-Butyl acetate Carbon tetrachloride Chlorobenzene K-Propyl acetate Toluene Poly(di-K-decyl itaconate) n-Amy\ acetate Benzene Carbon tetrachloride Toluene Poly(diethyl itaconate) w-Amyl acetate Benzene Carbon tetrachloride Ethyl acetate MEK Toluene Poly(di-n-heptyl itaconate) w-Amyl acetate Benzene Benzene Carbon tetrachloride Chloroform Ethyl acetate Ethyl acetate
References page VII - 615
TABLE 1. cont'd dn/dc (ml/g) Polymer
Poly(dimethylitaconate)
Solvent MEK MEK Toluene Toluene Acetone Benzene Chlorobenzene Chloroform MEK Methyl acetate MEK
A0 = 436 nm
PoIy(AM,1-dimethyl3-oxobutylacrylamide) Poly(di-n-nonyl itaconate) rc-Amyl acetate Benzene Toluene Poly(di-rc-octyl itaconate) rc-Amyl acetate Benzene Carbon tetrachloride Chloroform Ethyl acetate MEK Toluene Poly(diphenyl itaconate) Benzene Chlorobenzene Ethyl acetate MEK Styrene Toluene Poly(di-n-propyl itaconate) n-Amyl acetate Benzene Carbon tetrachloride Chloroform MEK Toluene Poly(di-n-undecyl itaconate) n-Amyl acetate Benzene Carbon tetrachloride Chlorobenzene Chloroform Ethyl benzene rc-Hexane Styrene Toluene Poly(methyl a-chloroacrylate) Chloroform Poly(methyl n-butacrylate) n-Butanol MEK Poly(methyl ethacrylate) Diisobutyl ketone MEK 1.6.
A0 = 546 nm
A0 = 633 nm
Others
T( 0 C)
Refs.
0.095 0.095 -0.029 -0.028 0.118 0.000 -0.022 0.041 0.096 0.110 0.137
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 25
102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 622
0.079 -0.030 -0.039 0.078 -0.039 0.016 0.033 0.105 0.096 -0.030 0.083 0.060 0.191 0.189 0.040 0.087 0.074 -0.025 0.021 0.036 0.096 -0.019 0.079 -0.042 0.014 -0.064 0.030 - 0.030 0.112 -0.088 -0.032 0.072 0.0878 0.1192 0.0791 0.1357
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 13 30 11.4 30
102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 768 768 768 768 768 768 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 707 286 286 286 286
0.139
25
654
0.0643
25
974
0.0344
25
974
0.0368
25
974
0.0391
25
974
0.0443
25
974
POLY(STYRENES)
Poly(4-acetoxystyrene) Dioxane Poly(4-acetoxymethyl styrene) Toluene Poly(0.05 wt.% 4-acetoxymethyl styrene-co-0.95 Toluene Poly(0.10 wt.% 4-acetoxymethyl styrene-c
