LES PRONOMS D’OBJET DIRECT The direct object pronouns generally answer the questions “What?” and “Whom?” me (m’) me te (t’) you le (l’) him, it (mas.) la (l’) her, it (fem.)
nous us vous you les them
1. These pronouns usually immediately precede the verb in present & imperfect tenses, and immediately precede the auxiliary verb in compound tenses like passé composé and plus-que-parfait. Malik lit le texto.
Malik lisait le texto.
Malik a lu le texto.
Malik le lit.
Malik le lisait.
Malik l’a lu.
2. 3rd person direct object pronouns (le, la & les) agrees in gender and number with the nouns they refer to. -Est-ce que Robin lisait le journal ?
-Vois-tu ma voiture ?
-Oui, il le lisait.
-Oui, je la vois.
-Est-ce que vous postez ces lettres ?
-Oui, je les poste.
3. When they precede a verb starting with vowel/silent ‘h’, meàm’, teàt’, le/laàl’ J’achète la carte postale. à Je l’achète. Nous avons lu le journal. à Nous l’avons lu.
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4. If the direct object pronoun is the object of an infinitive, it is placed immediately before the infinitive (e.g. le futur proche, le passé récent). In other words, the direct object pronouns must be placed in front of the verb that it is the subject of. Alexandra va poster la lettre demain.
Il vient d’acheter le livre.
Alexandra va la poster demain.
Il vient de l’acheter.
5. In a negative construction, the direct object pronouns always immediately precede the verb of which it is the subject. Nous ne regardons pas la télévision.
Je ne vais pas acheter les billets.
Nous ne la regardons pas.
Je ne vais pas les acheter.
Elle n’est pas allée chercher le journal.
Elle n’est pas allée le chercher.
6. In the passé composé, generally the past participle is used in its base form (le passé composé avec ‘avoir’). However, when a direct object (noun or pronoun) precedes the ‘avoir’ auxiliary & the past participle, the participle agrees with this preceeding direct object in gender and number. **This usually does not apply to ‘être’ auxiliary as most motion verbs don’t take an object.
J’ai lu le journal. Je l’ai lu.
BUT
J’ai lu les journaux. Je les ai lus.
J’ai lu la revue.
Je l’ai lue.
Quels amis avez-vous appelés ?
VS Quelles émissions avez-vous regardées ?
When we add negation to it…
J’ai lu les revues. Je les ai lues.
J’ai vu les photos.
Tu as regardé les films.
Je les ai vues.
Tu les as regardés.
Tu ne les as pas regardés.
Je ne les ai pas vues.
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BUT
LES PRONOMS D’OBJET INDIRECT These pronouns usually answer the questions “To what?” and “To/For whom?” me, m’ (to/for) me nous (to/for) us te, t’ (to/for) you vous (to/for) you lui (to/for) him/her leur (to/for) them
1. The placement of indirect object pronouns is identical to that of direct object pronouns. However, in passé composé with ‘avoir’, the past participle does NOT agree with the preceding indirect object. Je lui ai montré la réception. (montrer à) On m’a demandé l’adresse de l’auberge de jeunesse. (demander à) Nous allons leur téléphoner maintenant. (téléphoner à) 2. In negative sentences: -
The object pronoun immediately precedes the auxiliary verb in passé composé (Recall: in complex tenses the auxiliary is considered as part of the main verb!) E.g.: Elle ne lui a pas téléphoné.
-
If the pronoun is the indirect object of an infinitive, like those verb constructions (check footnote no.1), it is placed directly before the infinitive. E.g.: Je ne vais pas leur écrire.
-
More examples for you: 1) Julie et Marie offrent une guitare à Elise. Elles l’offrent à Elise. (D.O.) Elles lui offrent une guitare. (I.O.) Elles la lui offrent. (D.O. + I.O.) Elles ne la lui offrent pas. (D.O. + I.O. + negation) Elles ne la lui ont pas offerte. (D.O. + I.O. + negation + p.c.)
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2) Mes parents ont parlé aux voisins. Mes parents leur ont parlé. (I.O.) Mes parents ne leur ont pas parlé. (I.O. + negation) 3) Je donne un cadeau à Paul. Je le donne à Paul. (D.O.) Je lui donne un cadeau. (I.O.) Je le lui donne. (D.O. + I.O.) Je ne le lui donne pas. (D.O. + I.O. + negation) Je ne le lui ai pas donné. (D.O. + I.O. + negation + p.c.)
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