CEA Saclay - Institut de Recherche sur les lois Fondamentales de l’Univers
www.km3net.org
ν astronomy and
Earth & sea sciences in the
Mediterranean Sea Th. Stolarczyk CEA Saclay - IRFU / SPP on behalf of the KM3NeT consortium October 22, 2008
Biomarine – Side events
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Conclusion
Virgo cluster (60 million light years)
M87 – Virgo A Elliptic galaxy
October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
2
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Conclusion
M87 – Virgo A Elliptic galaxy
October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
3
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
GALACTIC Supernova remnants
Conclusion
EXTRA-GALACTIC
100 MeV < E < 30 GeV
Gamma-ray bursters
Pulsars
Microquasars Active galactic nuclei (AGN)
October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
4
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Conclusion
A new messenger, the neutrino γ
ν
p
October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
5
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Atmospheric neutrinos
Conclusion
Cosmic ray
150000 per year.km3
Atmospheric muons 500 million per year.km3
October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
6
Physics
October 22, 2008
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
Conclusion
7
Physics
October 22, 2008
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
Conclusion
8
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Conclusion
Toward a km3-scale detector in the Mediterranean sea
Antares (1/50 km3) Toulon, France -2500m @ 40 km
Nestor Pylos, Greece Nemo Capo Passero, Italy -3500m @ 100 km October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
-3000m @ 13 km -4550m @ 26 km -5200m @ 48 km 9
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Conclusion
Antares (1/50 km3) Toulon, France -2500m @ 40 km Since 1996 Data taking ∼150 members
Since 2000 Nemo R&D ∼ 80 Italy members Capo Passero, -3500m @ 100 km
October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
Nestor SinceGreece 1990 Pylos, R&D -3000m @ 13 km ∼ 50 members -4550m @ 26 km -5200m @ 48 km 10
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Conclusion
The KM3NeT consortium • •
10 countries, ~ 40 laboratories, ~ 200 scientists Cyprus: Univ. Cyprus, Nikosia
•
Italy • •
•
France • •
CEA Saclay CNRS/IN2P3
• •
GRPHE/Univ. Mulhouse Ifremer
•
•
Univ. Erlangen MPIK-Heidelberg Univ. Kiel Univ. Tuebingen
Greece • • • • •
•
•
HCMR Hellenic Open Univ. NCSR Democritos NOA/Nestor Univ. Athens
Ireland : •
Institute for advanced studies, Dublin
October 22, 2008
The Netherlands • • • • •
Germany • • • •
•
APC, CPPM, IPHC
• •
CNR/ISMAR INFN (Univ. Bari, Bologna, Catania, Genova, Pisa, Roma-1, LNS Catania, Frascati) INGV Tecnomare SpA
NIKHEF/FOM Univ. Amsterdam Univ. Utrecht KVI / Univ. Groningen NIOZ
•
Romania : ISS Bucharest
•
Spain • • •
•
IFIC/CSIC Valencia Univ. Valencia UP Valencia
UK • • • •
Univ. Aberdeen Univ. Leeds Univ. Liverpool Univ. Sheffield
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
11
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Conclusion
Design study FP6 - 2006-2009 •
Design a deep sea research infrastructure • A km3-scale neutrino telescope (Antares x50) • An Earth & Sea science network
•
Get the best of the 3 pioneering experiments
•
CDR published (April 2008)
•
Now toward the TDR (fall 2009) Available on www.km3net.org
October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
12
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Conclusion
Antares, today • 12 lines 900 photodetectors • Construction + deployment : 2 years Instrumented line Earth & sea science devices (see P. Coyle’s talk on Antares)
∼ 200 m October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
13
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Conclusion
KM3NeT, tomorrow ~ 100-200 lines ~ 500 m high ~ 100 m spacing ~ 20 storeys with photodetectors ∼ 25 m spacing
~ 5000-10000 photodetectors
∼ 200 m October 22, 2008
Instrumented volume ~ 1 km3 (or more!)
Earth & sea science network Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
14
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Conclusion
The challenge Increase physics potential • Angular resolution ~0.1° − Time resolution < 2 ns − Position determination < 40 cm
Built in a reasonable time ∼ 4 years • • • •
New deployment techniques Speed-up integration time Sub contract part of the production …
At a reduced cost • Simplified architecture • Reduced maintenance (10 years minimum lifetime) • …
October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
15
Physics
KM3NeT
Some examples :
FP6
FP7
Conclusion
Local electronics
Antares
Under study in KM3NeT …among other options
Master OM (electronics)
OM
OM
« Artist » view
October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
16
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
Some examples:
FP7
Conclusion
Deployment
Antares
Under study in KM3NeT …among other options
October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
17
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Conclusion
FP7 – Preparatory phase 2008-2011 •
Prepare the future collaboration • Definition of legal structure & governance
•
Strategic issues: • New partners ? • Extendibility of detector ? • Multiple sites ?
•
Study funding scenarios
•
Define a production model
•
Open infrastructure to other sciences
•
Strong links with ESONeT / EMSO
• Pre-procurement with industrial partners • System prototyping
Since sept. 2006 on ESFRI roadmap (ESFRI = European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures)
October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
18
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Conclusion
Timeline towards construction
Design Study Preparatory phase Construction phase Data taking CDR
TDR Final prototyping Note: “Construction” includes the final prototyping stage
October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
19
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Conclusion
From deep sea to deep sky •
Better understanding of high energy cosmic phenomena • Study new sources or neutrino counterparts → Astrophysics !
•
Multi-km3
Counts cosmic neutrino sources
KM3NeT Icecube
• See deep Universe at extreme energies → Astronomy
•
•
Open a new window on the Universe → Exploration
Give real time access and contribute to other sciences
Antares Amanda
DVP Macro SuperK
• Oceanology • Geology • Climatology…
October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
20
Physics
October 22, 2008
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
Conclusion
21
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Conclusion
Some example
Optical modules 31 x 3” PMTs
1 x 10” PMT 17”glass container Improved Antares OM with electronics inside Possibly with 13” glass container
17” glass container High 2 photon purity (sea background) Looking ~upwards (atm. muons) Large photocathode area
17” glass container Further simulations required 4 anodes + mirrors Direction sensitive Costs and reliability studied October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
22
22
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Conclusion
• Hybrid solution: scintillator+small PMT • Send photo electrons on scintillator • Detect scintillator light with small PMT • Very good photo-electron counting • Large angular sensitivity
• CERN/Photonis/CPPM development
27-09-2009 October 22, 2008
Els de Wolf
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
Quasar 370 (Baikal)
23
23
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
GALACTIC
Conclusion
EXTRA-GALACTIC
Supernova remnants Gamma-ray bursters
e γ → γ e (inverse Compton) Pulsars
Microquasars
October 22, 2008
p/A + p/γ → π0 + π± + ... ↓ ↓ γγ νµ µ ↓ νµ νe e
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
Active galactic nuclei (AGN)
24
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
HE ν telescopes
Conclusion Lake Baïkal
Mediterranean
South Pole
October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
25
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Conclusion
Sky view
North-South common sky : 0.5 π sr instantaneous 1.5 π sr per day
100 %
Mediterranean ~ 43o North
South Pole Nothern hemisphere detectors : Galactic center seen 75% of the time Cover Hess and Auger skys
October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
0%
26
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Conclusion
The CDR reference detector •
Not the final design
• •
15 x 15 “lines” Spacing 95 m
•
Each “line” • 37 optical modules • Spacing 15.5 m
•
Each OM : 21 x 3’’ PMTs
•
Instrum. Vol. = 1 km3
Effective area of reference detector
October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
27
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
GALACTIC Supernova remnants
Conclusion
EXTRA-GALACTIC
100 GeV < E < 10 TeV
Gamma-ray bursters
Pulsars
Microquasars Active galactic nuclei (AGN)
October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
28
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Conclusion
A la recherche de sources de neutrinos cosmiques
October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
29
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Conclusion
Sélection des événements à haute énergie
Energie October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
30
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Conclusion
Energie October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
31
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Conclusion
Energie October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
32
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Conclusion
Energie October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
33
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Conclusion
Energie October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
34
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Conclusion
Energie October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
35
Physics
KM3NeT
FP6
FP7
Conclusion
Energie October 22, 2008
Biomarine - Th. Stolarczyk
36
