X-Plane® By Laminar research

Pilot manual applies to Sinus 912 with a Rotax 912UL

Sinus creation for X-Plane : Laurent Baron : 3D conception, 3D animations, textures, project initiator. Emmanuel Glémot : cockpit instruments, datas, manual, textures...

WARNING ! For X-Plane 8.40 and +

Table of content General Limitations Normal procedures Performance Aircraft and systems on board Pictures

WARNING ! Do not use this manual for real flying purposes ! Sim use ONLY !

Général Introduction This manual is not the actual Sinus owner’s manual. Data has been collected to assemble a handbook that is close to the actual Sinus912 one, but adapted to our simulation purposes through the X-Plane software. so, the most important pages have been kept, but some tiny, sim unusefull, details left away. This Sinus 912 is a team creation by Laurent Baron and Emmanuel Glémot, who are active members of French www.x-plane.fr Site. We are very thankfull to all members of X-Plane.fr forum for their friendly remarks and active support on this project. whe hope you will enjoy this modelisation and that it will bring you on the way to build your own planes for the X-Plane community !

The Sinus 912 is a very pleasant to fly ultralight motor-glider. It’s “as ral as it get’s -custom-3D-panel” is fitted with both classical analog instruments as well as a modern digital multi-instrument ALPHA MFD central console. With a maximum altitude of 29000 ft, this motor-glider will be suitable as well for cicuit and VFR flights, as for radio-navigation flights.

To all of you we wish : GOOD FLIGHTS ! Laurent & Manu

Aircraft projections

Limitations Introduction This chapter provides information about restrictions, intrument marking and basic knowledge on safe operation of aircraft, engine and on board appliances.

Airspeeds

Indicated airspeed (IAS) to true airspeed (TAS) relation The airspeed indicator mesures the difference between total and static pressure (also called dynamic pressure), which does not only change as speed increase, but is also linked with altitude. Flying at high altitude, where the air is getting thinner, results in misinterpreting airspeed wich is being indicated. The indicated airspeed value is actually lower than the true airspeed to wich the aircraft is exposed. The higher you fly, the bigger the difference between IAS and TAS. Be aware of this effect especially when flying at high altitude and high speeds, not to exeed VNE unawarely. Bear in mind this can happen even with the indicator still pointing within the yellow arc !

Engine

Weight limits

G-load factors max.positive wing load : + 4 G max.negative wing load : - 2 G

Normal Procedure Introduction This chapter provide information on everything needed to fly Sinus ultralight motorglider safely.

Engine start-up Make sure the fuel valves are both open. Set master switch ON (key in full right position). Set both magnetos switchs ON. Set avionics switch ON Engage engine starter and keep it engaged until the engine start. Verify the engine temperature range within operational limits (CHT, EGT). With wheel brakes engaged and control stick in full back position, add full power (throttle lever full forward). Monitor RPM. Make sure they range between maximum recommended end maximum allowable RPM limits

Taxi Taxiing technique does not differ from other taildragging aircraft. Prior to taxiing it is essential to check wheel brakes. Holding point : set flaps to 2nd position (flap handle full up).

Takeoff and initial climb Before lining-up verify the following : Spoilers : retracted and secured Fuel valves : fully open Fuel quantity : sufficient Doors : closed securely Flaps : 2nd position (flap handle full up) Runway : clear Now release brakes, line up and add full power. CAUTION ! Keep adding power gradually. Max crosswind 28 km/h (15 Kts)

Initial climb When airborne, engage brakes momentarily to prevent in-flight wheel spinning. Accelerate at full power and later maintain proper speed of climb. After having reached minimum safe altitude (80m), retract flaps (handle in neutral position) and reduce RPM by 10%. Remember to keep the temperature and RPM within operational limits during this manoeuvrel. CAUTION ! Reduce RPM and increase speed in order to cool the engine down if necessary. Reaching cruise altitude, establish horizontal flight and set engine power to cruise.

Cruise As horizontal flight as been established, verify on-board fuel quantity again. Should you desire to cruise at low speed (up to 130 Km/h), set flaps to neutral position otherwise flaps should be set to negative position. Check engine operation and flight parameters regulary! Crusing in rough atmosphere : Reduce airspeed and continue flying with flaps set to neutral position. In rough air, reduce engine power if necessary to keep airspeed below VRA.

Descent and approach Reduce speed to 90 Km/h and set flaps to 1st position. Adjust engine power to maintain proper airspeed. During the descent, monitor temperatures and keep them within operational limits. On final, set flaps to 2nd position. Align with runway and reduce power to idle. Extend spoilers and maintain an airspeed of 90 km/h CAUTION ! Crosswind landing require higher final approach speeds to ensure aircraft’s safe manoeuvrability.

Roundout and touchdown Roundout and touchdown (flare) should be performed at following airspeeds : Calm air, aircraft at MTOW

75 km/h IAS

Rough air, aircraft at MTOW (incl.strong crosswind up to 28 km/h)

78 km/h IAS

CAUTION ! Land the aircraft in such a manner that all three wheels touch the ground at exactly the same time. When touching, rudder MUST NOT be deflected in any direction (rudder pedals centered ).When on ground, start braking action holding the control stick in full back position. After touchdown, DO NOT retract spoilers immediately, for this cause sudden lift increase and the aircraft may rebound off the ground.

Restarting the engine in flight This procedure applies only for restarting the engine following an intentional-unpowered flight. Reduce speed to 90 km/h Master switch ON (Key in full right position) Magnetos switchs ON

CAUTION ! Before to activate the starter, make sure the propeller is not feathered anymore but at minimum pitch setting (propeller pitch knob loose). Always start the engine at idle throttle. CAUTION ! Do not add full power while the engine is still cool. Fly at lower airspeeds at low power engine setting to warm it up instead (e.g 90 km/h at 3000 RPM)

Performance Introduction This chapter provide information on aircraft’s airspeed calibration, stall speeds and general performance.

Airspeed calibration (IAS à CAS) Pitot tube’s ingenious mounting and construction makes IAS to CAS correction values insignificant. IAS = CAS

Stall speeds (MTOW) Flaps in negative position; -5° (up):

69 km/h

Flaps in neutral position; -0° (nautral):

66 km/h

Flaps in 1st position; +9° (down):

65 km/h

Flaps in 2nd position; +18° (down):

63 km/h

Take-off performance Aircraft at MTOW (450 Kg) Elevation : 100 meters wind: calm Runway : dry grass runway with low-cut grass ICAO standard atmosphere Takeoff runway length at MTOW: Takeoff runway length (over 15m obstacle):

88 m 148 m

Takeoff runway length may vary depending on the wind, temperature, elevation and wing & propeller surface condition.

Climb performance Best climb speed :

115 km/h

Best climb rate at MTOW:

6,5 m/s

Best climb rate at 140 Km/h:

6,3 m/s

Cruise Cruising at MTOW using 75% engine power in ICAO standard atmosphere at an elevation of 500 m with flaps in negative position : Cruise airspeed :

180 km/h

Cruising speed may vary depending on the cruise altitude, gross weight and propeller pitch setting.

Descent The rate of descent and by that descent glide path is adjusted using spoilers. Typical sink rate, with flaps set to 2nd position and spoilers fully extended, measure : 2,5 m/s at 90 km/h and 4,0 m/s at 115 km/h Max. sink rate with spoilers extended :

5,5 m/s

The glide Minimum sink speed : Minimum sink rate : Best lift/drag ratio speed :

90 km/h 1,02 m/s 95 km/h

Landing performance Landing runway may vary depending on the elevation, gross weight, touchdown velocity, wind direction and how aggressive the braking action is. In the following conditions : aircraft at MTOW, airport elevation 100 meters, wind calm, the landing runway length measures 110 meters. In solo flight, length shortens by another 10 m. Maximum allowed crosswind speed on takeoff and landing with flaps in 2nd position : 28 km/h

Aircraft and systems on board Introduction Sinus is a 15-meter-wingspan, two seat T-tail motorglider made almost entirely of composite materials. Its low-drag, high-wing-monoplane, engine-at-the-front construction makes it a perfect glider when flying unpowered. In fact, the propeller can be feathered to reduce drag even more.

Cockpit levers Sinus ultralight motorglider’s cockpit levers are divided into two groups :

Individual control levers : pilot stick and rudder with belonging brake levers Joint control levers : throttle lever, choke lever, trim lever, airbrake lever, fuel valves, door levers and emergency parachute release handle

Instrument panel For this modelisation we choose two different panels : Panel A and Panel B :

Panel A : This is a simple but modern panel. There is principally the Bräuniger ALPHA MFD which concentrate in one instrument : - Variometer (m/s) - Airspeed indicator (IAS) - Digital Altimeter(ft) - RPM - CHT and EGT (C°) - Oil temperature and pressure (C°) - ... There’s also the DYNON D-100 EFIS and one GPS

Panel B : This panel mix analog and modern instruments. More accurate for radio-navigation. - Standard six, Bräuniger ALPHA MFD, GPS and moving map.

Panel A :

• 1 : Fuel pressure • 2 : Manifold pressure • 3 : Autopilot heading • 4 : EFIS • 5 : Compas • 6 : Total pressure variometer • 7 : Clock chrono • 8 : Transponder • 9 : Console : - head line : 12 Volts DC, generator alarm, starter. - medium line : Magneto left and right ON/OFF, MASTER contact = Batt - bottom line : avionics switch, strobe, nav lights, landing light - bottom : Elevator trim and parachute rescue system • 10 : Radio COM et NAV • 11 : Miscellaneous switchs : GPS (active = avionics), Aux, Aux, Aux (inactives) • 12 : Vario propeller knob • 13 : Slip • 14 : Auto-pilot Altitude Hold (white button) • 15 : ALPHA MFD (see complete description below)

Panel B :

• 1 : Total pressure variometer • 2 : Gyro-compas • 3 : Altimeter (ft) • 4 : Artificial horizon • 5 : Compas • 6 : Airspeed indicator ( km/h) • 7 : Engine RPM • 8 : Moving MAP • 9 : Autopilot heading and altitude hold (white button) • 10 : Manifold pressure • 11 : Clock chrono • 12 : Transponder • 13 : Console : - head line : 12 Volts DC, generator alarm, starter. - medium line : Magneto left and right ON/OFF, MASTER contact = Batt - bottom line : avionics switch, strobe, nav lights, landing light - bottom : Elevator trim and rescue system • 14 : COM and NAV radios • 15 : Miscellaneous switchs : GPS (active = avionics), Aux, Aux, Aux (inactives) • 16 : Vario propeller knob • 17 : Slip • 18 : ALPHA MFD (see complete description below)

Bräuniger ALPHA MFD description :

• 1 : Baro pressure adjust • 2 : Baro pressure • 3 : Altimeter (ft) • 4 : Variometer (m/s) • 5 : Fuel gauge • 6 : Airspeed indicator (km/h) • 7 : Engine RPM • 8 : Oil temperature (C°) • 9 : Oil pressure ( normal = 02 - 06) • 10 : EGT Exaust Gas Temperature • 11 : CHT Cylinder Head Temperature The GPS : He is situated above the main glass window

Moving map description :

Clic on the buttons to activate / desactivate the following informations : • 1 : WXR Weather (inactive) • 2 : TCAS anti-collision (inactive) • 3 : AIRP Airports • 4 : WPT Waypoints • 5 : VOR • 6 : NDB • 7 : ZOOM • 8 : Switch mode : MAP / flight plan / VOR (smaller or bigger if you clic near the center) • 9 : Switch NAV 1 / NAV 2 / GPS • 10 : OBS NAV 1 • 11 : OBS NAV 2 (inactive) • 12 : Nothing...

DYNON AVIONICS D-100 EFIS description :

In the revision #4, you can switch between two pages.

Page 1 : HSI

Page 2 : Navigation

Button 1 : page mode switch button 2 : OBS

Vario propeller

When taking-off, make sure propeller is set to minimum pitch. To set the propeller to minimum pitch, rotate the propeller pitch knob clockwise until it is loose. To unfeather the propeller, first reduce airspeed to 90 km/h, then turn the knob clockwise. Caution ! Feather propeller only after the engine has stopped and at minimum pitch. Do not, under any circumstances, attempt to restart the engine while the propeller is feathered.

Fuel valves They are situated above the doors

Open

Closed

Pictures

French connexion web-site : http://www.x-plane.fr Pipistrel web-site : http://www.pipistrel.it