Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics Dr.-Ing. Stephan Matthiesen Project Management Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Meik Schacknies Design Department Paris October 2009
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics
Overview Part I
Overview Part II
• Product range
• Load assumptions for wind turbines
• Components of a wind turbine
• Loads and load cases • Rocking spring stiffness
2
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics
Rated power: Hub height:
330 kW 44 – 50 m
Rated power: Hub height:
Rated power: 900 kW 45 m / 55 m Hub height:
800 kW 50 – 76 m
3
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics
Rated power: Hub height:
800 kW 73 m
Rated power: Hub height:
2.300 kW 64 – 113 m
Rated power: Hub height:
2.000 kW 78 – 138 m
4
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics
Highest power producing WEC worldwide: Rated power:
6.000 kW
Rotor diameter:
127 m
Hub height:
135 m
Power production:
20 Mio. kWh p.a.
• Produces electricity for more than 5000 households • 35% more yield compared to predecessor - E-112 • Two-segment rotor blade facilitates transport
5
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics
-> blades
-> nacelle with generator and hub -> tower (steel / concrete)
-> electrical installation and grid connection -> foundation -> with piles or soil improvement (if necessary)
6
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics
-> blades
7
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics
8
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics
-> nacelle
9
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics
-> steel tower
10
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics
-> concrete tower
11
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics
-> foundation with basket
12
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics
-> foundation with section
13
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics
-> foundation for concrete tower
14
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics
Overview Part I
Overview Part II
• Product range
• Design situations for wind turbines
• Components of a wind turbine
• Loads and load cases • Rocking spring stiffness
15
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics Design situations Environmental conditions • Wind, Temperature, Ice, Earthquake Operational conditions • Normal operation and power production • Start up, shut down, idling, standstill Temporary conditions • Transportation of components • Installation and assembling • Maintenance and repair
16
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics Design load cases – Normal operation and normal external conditions – Normal operation and extreme external conditions • • •
extreme wind speed extreme direction change extreme dynamic wind shear
nd i w
n io t c re di
– Fault situations and appropriate external conditions • • •
Control system fault Electrical fault Yaw system fault
– Transportation, installation and maintenance situations
17
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics Load cases for operational and environmental conditions defined in EN 61400-1
18
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics
Due to the nature of wind the loads are high variable !
• mean wind, gravity loads
(steady)
• turbulence, earthquake
(stochastic)
• unbalanced mass, rotor frequency (periodic) • start up / shut down, gusts
(transient)
• Loads are calculated with special computation program in time domain.
• Load calculations have to determined for each type separately. [Hau 2005]
19
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics
Different aspects for structural design
1.
Extreme Loads
(Ultimate Limit State)
2.
Fatigue Loads
(Ultimate Limit State)
3.
Stiffness of components
(ULS and SLS)
- Vibrations
(resonance effects)
- Deflections
(distance between blade and tower)
20
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics Vibrations - Rocking spring stiffness kφ,dyn To avoid resonance we have to consider the stiffness of the components but also the soilstructure interaction. The eigenfrequency of the system machine - tower – foundation - soil shall not be in the range of the variable frequencies. To ensure this requirement a minimum stiffness of foundation and soil is necessary.
System :
Mass of WEC
Tower
Rotational spring stiffness
21
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics Important design parameter for WEC: - Rotational frequency of rotor (1P) - Rotational frequency of one blade (3P) - Eigenfrequencies of the whole system (1. EF / 2. EF)
planning to take advantage of the immersion and real-time interaction it offers. .... a washing machine noise and they negatively judged its cyclic repetition.
(4) If the height of the wind turbine generator isâ. (a) greater than 25m, but does not exceed 50m, the minimum distance requirement is 1000m;. (b) greater than ...
installed in the structure during construction or remodel, for which design ... basement of a building) or installed on the upper levels or roof of the structure.
Research in psychology on brain laterality, shows that perception is not ... material and the right hemisphere showing superiority in music, ..... Levy, J. (1978) ``Lateral differences in the human brain in cognition and behavioural control'',.
adhesion (tensile strength). ⢠Micro-mechanical .... theoretical benchmark exercises. â support of the ... Can act in shear for higher slope stability factor of safety.
STS. 35. 60. 64. 70. 80. 20. 7 x 12. 7 x 12. 8 6. 52. 6 8. 6MA. MOUNTING CLIPS. Material: Acetal resin (delrin) and galvanized steel. DINFIX. Dinfix permits the smooth mounting of metal rails on the mounting rail. G1, thus allowing the construction o
The modular Control Design Tool is written in Matlab® language and uses ... Based on input data and intended control targets, design modules (Matlab® ...Missing:
Dec 4, 2006 - 1.3 Energy produced per year and capacity coefficient . ..... stream energy may be costly, the high energy availability if exploited will more than .... hiwaay.net/~krcool/Astro/moon/moontides/ [cited 1st December 2006]. [11] MCT ...
K01 10 mm square snap-on. K02 ø8 mm round snap-on. K03 8,5 x 3,8 mm single floating. K04 18,5 x 3,8 mm double floating. K05 5 mm square. Button Color.
bot » a été créé en langage Python. Ensuite le concep- teur de ce bot, Piero Bisello, l'a traduit pour Twitter et baptisé « Créature au visage de Vortex » que tout ...
building a kit airplane, the designer has worked with a prop manufac- turer to develop a choice of âopti- mumâ props. If that's the case, you simply have to pick a ...
lCs b Coptl2 l1 a Coptl2 (1 b lCsl2). (7) where Rn e noise .... press at the RF port LO leakage through the RF port usual- ly results in a re-radiation through the ...
Principles FBG (DTG) optical fibre technology (1/2). - An optical fibre with â -195 µm optical fibre is locally treated (Bragg grating). - At the local FBG zone incident ...
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. ... photocopying, microtihning, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher.
Statnamic Pile Load Testing. Flip Hoefsloot, Fugro The Netherlands. January 2010 ... Free selection of test Piles. Disadvantages: Difficult to determine Bearing ...
tale de la soufflerie aéro-acoustique L2B de l'Institut von Karman. Le vent transportant le son d'une maman vautour a pénétré la surface de l'œuf. Le résultat.
Full rubber cover on pop-up models is safe and vandal resistant with standard locking screw and. Through the cap - NIR2. (nozzle insertion/ radius reduction) on ...
an electrical system is relatively complex, this how-to guide tackles the electrical foundation of ... tube and stall detection vane, and then ... feature dual alternators, dual voltage regulators ... George Wilhelmsen holds a commercial certificate
12.2.3 Pull Down Voltage. 387 .... with commercial CMOS foundry process and hence, is capable of monolithi- ...... theoretical critical shield height to ground plane separation h. /b is the .... The scalar potential functions are solutions to the sca
up between round 3 and 4 on the game round track. The second is placed at the end of the track. Shuffle the auction tiles and stack them face down next to the ...
Jan 6, 2000 - 2.1.1 Image Basics ... In other words, multiple values at each point. .... (In other words, use 4-connectivity where possible and 8-connectivity.
