Weighting or selecting sensory inputs when memorizing body-turns
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Weighting or selecting sensory inputs when memorizing body-turns: What is actually being stored? Manuel Vidal, Daniel R. Berger and Heinrich H. Bülthoff Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
Introduction Many previous studies focused on how humans integrate inputs provided by different modalities for the same physical property. Some claim that these are merged into a single amodal percept, others propose that we select the most relevant sensory input. For instance, when exposed to vertical rotations of the visual field, after a while people feel their body moving, which is called circular vection (Yardley 1990). The CNS deals with conflicting sensory inputs about the
either visual or body rotations separately, depending on the task context (Lambrey et al. 2002). What is actually being stored during self-motion? We investigated on which sensory base humans can perceive and memorize upright visual and body turns. We designed an experiment to clarify whether we select or merge the stimulated modalities (vision and body senses), in order to reproduce a particular rotation.
rotation, and after the vection onset, the vestibular modality is inhibited in order to protect self-motion perception from misinterpretations of body kinesthesia (Brandt et al. 1998; Cheung et al. 1989). In another study, visual perception could be modulated or suppressed according to the activation of the vestibular system (Mergner et al. 2000). After traveling a virtual path where turning the body was driving the visual displacement, participants could reproduce
Material and methods 14 naïve participants (11 males and 3 females, aged from 20 to 28) Participants experienced passive whole-body yaw rotations with a corresponding rotation of the visual scene turning 1.5 times faster. Then they were asked to reproduce the rotation in different conditions.
· Visual stimuli: limited lifetime (2s) rotating star field · Body stimuli: motion base rotation · Unnoticeable conflict: visual/body gain during rotations · Velocity of presented rotations followed a Gaussian profile (peak velocity & total duration varying) · Average presented rotations duration: 5.5s · Backward reproduction with joystick (speed control) · Fixation cross during all rotations (eye-tracker) · Masking noise and active sound cancellation
Fixation cross
Vision
Apparatus and trial characteristics:
Visual rotations (limited lifetime dots)
θvision
θbody
θbody
θvision = 1.5 x θbody
θbody = 0
θvision = 1.5 x θbody
θvision = 0
θvision = θbody
Results and discussion
0.05
100
(1) (2)
(3)
60 0
0.04
(4)
0.03
(5)
0.02
0.01
0.00
45º / 30º
60º / 40º
Vision only
75º / 50 º
Body only
Vision + Body
Average estimations in the Vision+Body (same) condition lie in between that of the Vision only and Body only. The multimodal variance was smaller than for unimodal reproductions. These properties suggest an optimal integration, although results were not consistent with the MLE model's predictions (Ernst & Banks 2002)
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