Wage dynamics and sectoral structures in Europe Odile Chagny and Michel Husson (Ires) ETUI-ETUC conference « Europe at a crossroads » 25 September 2014 – Panel 11 « Wage as an engine for growth » 1
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Starting point A France-German comparison
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•1. Similar developments in productivity 160 150 140 France manuf.
130
Germany manuf.
120
France services
110
2012
2010
2006
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
2008
Germany services
100
manuf=tradables services=non-tradables
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2. Diverging developments of wages •1. Similar developments in productivity 120
1. More productivity transfers to wages in services less inequality
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2. More productivity transfers to wages in services more inflation
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3. Less inequality more inflation
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4. Less productive efficiency more inflation
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3
No convergence in productive efficiency
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No convergence in productive efficiency
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No convergence of productive efficiency
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A first “triangle of incompatibility”
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Looking for an optimal “wage rule” A second “triangle of incompatibility”?
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The “neo-liberal way out” of the triangle A reform of the markets in the non-tradables sector, through its
modernization combining increased competition and wage moderation, would exert a downward pressure on the internal exchange rate of France and would contribute to reducing its current account deficit.* The recovery in the relative price of manufactured goods will make it attractive again to invest in manufacturing. It will raise the industrial capacity of production and trigger the re-industrialization. [It could come] from increased competition in services, which would lower the price of services.**
* Mouhamadou Sy, « Réduire le déficit des échanges extérieurs de la France. Le rôle du taux de change interne », France Stratégie, septembre 2014. ** « La France et l’Italie se redresseront quand le prix relatif des produits manufacturés remontera dans ces deux pays », Patrick Artus, Flash Natixis n°686, 11 septembre 2014. 17
Since 2009 wages have fallen more (or risen less) in non-tradables than in tradables. More “wage moderation” leads to a wider gap. The correlation is particularly pronounced for CEE countries.
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A more progressive way out of the triangle 1. A wage rule: an overall rise of wages according to the general price index and the average productivity fair distribution of productivity gains
2. A European system of minimum wage reduction of discrepancies between sectors 3. A “price rule” to obtain an equalization of profit rates between sectors: the relative sectoral prices should vary inversely with the relative sectoral productivities constant profit share in all sectors
4. Transfers and investments (structural funds) in the productive sector to ensure a faster productivity growth in the catching-up countries convergence of inflation rates between countries
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